NCM 119

Nursing
Leadership and
Management
Joel Gonzales Patalagsa RN, PhD
Associate Professor I
j.patalagsa@csab.edu.sa
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 2
Learning outcomes
After the lecture-discussion, learners are expected to be able to:
• Explain the role of research in improving patient outcomes.
• Make use of the elements of evidence-based practice in explaining
patient care outcomes.
• Identify research that is applicable in improving patient outcomes.
• Identify research that is applicable in evaluating management outcomes.
• Explain the importance of research and EBP in leadership and
management.
• Identify research knowledge needed by leaders and managers.
• Explain the framework for nursing practice and research by associating
the components with the corresponding elements.
• Explain how translational research is used.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 3

Learning outcomes (continued)
• Formulate scenarios that apply the goals of leadership in the context of
quality improvement.
• Explain why quality improvement is important for patients, reputation,
and payment.
• Formulate application examples of the culture components of a health
care organization.
• Formulate application examples of the critical elements of employee and
patient engagements.
• Contrast action research, feasibility study, training needs analysis, and
evaluation studies in terms of:
o Purpose, methodology used, and expected outcomes.
• Evaluate published studies that used action research, feasibility study,
training needs analysis, evaluation studies.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 4

Learning outcomes (continued)
• Explain why the Philippine Qualification Framework Law was
enacted.
• Contrast the eight levels of qualification in terms of required
knowledge, skills, and values, application and degree of
independence.
• Reflect on own level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes gained at
this stage of your BSN education based on the descriptions
enumerated in BSN qualifications register.
• Explain why continuing professional development is important.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 5

Research confirms that
patient outcomes
improve when nurses
practice in an
evidence-based
manner (Black et al.,
2015).

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 6

 Evidence Based-Practice - a problem-solving approach to clinical care

Elements Expected outcomes of

EBP
• the conscientious use of • increasing patient
current best practice safety
from well-designed • improve clinical
studies outcomes
• a clinician’s expertise • reduce healthcare costs
• patient values and • decrease variation in
preferences patient outcomes
(Fineout-Overholt, Melnyk, & Schultz, 2005)
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 7
Focus of EBP

• either for an application of

Outcomes research to practice
evaluation
• (e.g., individual or systemwide)

Ongoing
evaluation of
• (e.g., outcomes management)
practice
parameters
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 8
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 9
 Importance of Research and Evidence-Based Practice in Leadership
and Management
• The practice of leadership / management without the foundation
of research creates a huge void in the effective practice of leaders
in healthcare.
• Leaders who do not embrace and actualize EBP border on
unethical practice.
• Leaders and managers can harm patients by their ignorance or lack
of EBP as surely as clinicians can.” Leaders and Managers have an
ethical obligation to synthesize evidence from many disciplines
outside of nursing with the evidence of clinical practice outcomes
to crate the very best practices.

(Kerfoot, 2006). NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 10

Research Knowledge needed by Leaders and
Managers: (Kerfoot, 2006).
• Clinical intervention
• Patient outcomes
• Effect of systems
• Human factors
• Organizational dynamics
• Financial decisions
• Leadership and management decisions on patient care outcomes
• Well-being of staff.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 11

 Framework for Nursing Practice and Research
Components Elements
Transformational Leadership ➢ Quality of Nursing Leadership
➢ Management Style
Structural Empowerment ➢ Organizational structure
➢ Personnel policies and programs
➢ Community and healthcare organization
➢ Image of nursing
➢ Professional development
Exemplary Professional Practice ➢ Professional models of care
➢ Consultation and resources
➢ Autonomy
➢ Nurses as teachers
➢ Interdisciplinary relationships
New knowledge, Innovations, and ➢ Quality improvement
Improvements
Empirical Quality Outcomes ➢ Quality of care
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 12
Ingersoll, Witzel, Berry, & Qualls (2010).
 Translational Research (Woolf 2008) include work
intended to “improve health care quality” by:
• improving access
• reorganizing and coordinating systems of care
• helping clinicians and patients change behaviors and
make more informed choices
• providing reminders and point of care decision tools
and support tools
• strengthening the patient-clinician relationship
Moore, Fischer, & Havranek (2016)
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 13
 •Engagement and education
Goals of of all layers of leaders on
leadership in why quality improvement is
the context top priority.
of quality •Defining roles of leaders in
improvement supporting, and driving the
initiative.

Henderson et al., (2020).

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 14
Activity

Brainstorming Reporting Evaluation

(10 minutes) (5 minutes per (1 per group)
group)

Using your RLE grouping, Assign reporter to explain Critiquing of outputs by the
formulate scenarios that to the class your output. class.
apply the two goals of
leadership in the context of
quality improvement.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 15

 Fundamental reasons
why quality
improvement is so
important:

for patients for reputation for payment

whose care and best where publicly published

with reimbursement
interests must always be data now show the
increasingly tied to
central to the work of performance of hospitals
outcomes.
health care and providers
Henderson et al., (2020).
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 16
 Health Care
Organization
Culture Components

Employee
Patient engagement Culture of safety
engagement

Henderson et al., (2020).

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 17
 Critical Elements of
employee and patient
engagements

Communication Safety

For employees For patients For employees For patients

Are patients appropriately Is there a safe

Is there clear
engaged as members of environment to speak up
communication about Protection against any
their own care team— when something goes
goals? (Are employees’ form of potential harm.
physicians, nurses, and wrong? (Do employees
ideas heard?)
other caregivers? feel respected?

Henderson et al., (2020).

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 18
 Research
Methods In
Leadership and
Management

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 19

 Research strategies
1. Action Research
• Way of investigating professional experience which links practice and the
analysis of practice into a single, productive and continuously developing
sequence and which link researchers and research participants into a
single community of interested colleagues (Winter, 1989)
• A form of enquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order
to improve rationality and justice of their own social or educational
practices, as well as their own understanding of these practices and
situations in which these practices are carried out (Carr & Kemmis, 1986
cited in Koshy, 2005).
• A strategy that pursues action and knowledge in an integrated fashion
through a cyclical and participatory process that inextricably links
processes, outcomes and application (O’Leary, 2004 cited in Koshy, 2005).

(Koshy, 2005) NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 20

 Features of Action Research
1. Involves researching your own practice—it is not about people out
there.
2. Emergent.
3. Participatory.
4. Constructs theory from practice.
5. Situation-based.
6. Useful in real problem-solving.
7. Deals with individuals or groups with common purpose of improving
practice.
8. About improvement.
9. Involves analysis, reflection, and evaluation.
10. Facilitates changes through inquiry.

(Koshy, 2005) NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 21

 Action research involves a spiral of self-reflective
spirals of:
➢Planning a change
➢Acting and observing the process and consequences of change
➢Reflecting on these processes and consequences and then
replanning
➢Acting and observing
➢Reflecting
➢And so on….

(Koshy, 2005) NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 22

(Koshy, 2005) NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 23
(Koshy, 2005) NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 24
 Research strategies
Important Points Made in Action Research
• The process involves reflection
• → development of understanding
• The process involves changes in practice
• → professional development

(Winter, 1989) NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 25

 Stages of Action Research
1. Identifying a topic and setting the context.
2. Reviewing and analyzing the literature.
3. Focusing on the topic, question or hypothesis.
4. Planning activities.
5. Gathering data.
6. Analyzing data.
7. Acting/implementing.
8. Reflecting on outcomes.
9. Reporting.

(Koshy, 2005) NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 26

 Research strategies
2. Feasibility Study
• An assessment of the practicality of a proposed project or plan.
• Conducted in order to objectively uncover the strengths and
weaknesses of a proposed project.
• Helps identify and assess the opportunities and threats present in
the natural environment, the resources required for the project, and
the prospects for success.
• Answers the questions:
• Does the company possess the required resources and
technology?
• Will the company receive a sufficiently high return on its
investment?

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 27

(Corporate Finance Institute, 2023)
 Research strategies
2. Feasibility Study
• An assessment of the practicality of a proposed project or plan.

• Conducted in order to objectively uncover the strengths and

weaknesses of a proposed project.

• Helps identify and assess the opportunities and threats present in

the natural environment, the resources required for the project, and
the prospects for success.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 28

(Corporate Finance Institute, 2023)
 Research strategies
Feasibility Study Answers the Questions:

• Does the company possess the required resources

and technology?

• Will the company receive a sufficiently high return

on its investment?

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 29

(Corporate Finance Institute, 2023)
 Research strategies
Steps in Conducting Feasibility Study
1. Conduct preliminary analyses.
2. Prepare a projected income statement. What are the possible revenues
that the project can generate?
3. Conduct a market survey. Does the project create a good or service that
is in demand in the market? What price are consumers willing to pay for
the good or service?
4. Plan the organizational structure of the new project. What are the
staffing requirements? How many workers are needed? What other
resources are needed?
5. Prepare an opening day balance of projected expenses and revenue.
6. Review and analyze the points of vulnerability that are internal to the
project and that can be controlled or eliminated.
7. Decide whether to go on with the plan/project.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 30

(Corporate Finance Institute, 2023)
 Research strategies
Contents of a Feasibility Report
1. Executive summary
2. Description of the product/service
3. Technology considerations
4. Product/service marketplace
5. Identification of the specific market
6. Marketing strategy
7. Organizational structure
8. Schedule
9. Financial projections

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 31

(Corporate Finance Institute, 2023)
 Types of Feasibility Study
Technical feasibility Market feasibility
• Technical: Hardware and software • Type of industry
• Existing or new technology • Prevailing market
• Manpower • Future market growth
• Site analysis • Competitors and potential
• Transportation customers
• Projection of sales

Financial feasibility Organizational feasibility

• Initial investment • Organizational structure of business
• Resources to procure capital: banks, • Legal structure of the business or
investors, venture capitalists the specific project
• Return on investment • Management team’s competency,
professional skills, and experience
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 32
(Corporate Finance Institute, 2023)
Research strategies
3. Training Needs Analysis
• Studies show that
• Appropriate and systematic approaches to training resulted in skills
improvement which in turn raise the quality of employees.
• Ensures confidence, know-how, and variety of new skills that bolster
preparedness on an individual and team-based level in any organization.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 33

Research strategies
3. Training Needs Analysis
• a ‘methodical investigation and analysis into an organisations current
and desired performance levels, focusing heavily on the ability of its
staff and their support networks’ (Denby, 2010, Knight, 2009, Nash,
2009, Peters, 1994 cited in Carlisle, Bhanugopan, & Fish, 2010).

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 34

 Research strategies
3. Training Needs Analysis: Aims
• Identify training needs at the individual, group, or organizational
level.
• Inform educational and training packages at the individual, group,
or organizational level.
• Evaluate educational outcomes.
• Customize training to meet local needs.
• Aid priority setting.
• Inform policy development.

(Hicks & Hennessy, 1996) NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 35
Research strategies
Training Needs Analysis Benefits
(Macpherson & Wilson 2007, Reed & Vakola, 2006 cited in Carlisle, Bhanugopan,
& Fish, 2010).

• Address issues such as

1. Participation
2. Strategic focus
3. Learning organizational culture
4. Collaboration
• Prevents unnecessary spending on inappropriate training programs and focus
on programs that will in fact help the organization obtain its goal and maintain
adequately trained staff.
• Increase in productivity of staff.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 36

 Research strategies
Training Needs Analysis Focus Areas
1. Research / Audit
2. Administrative / Technical
3. Communication / Teammwork
4. Management / Supervisory
5. Clinical Activities

Carlisle, Bhanugopan, & Fish, 2010). NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 37
Research strategies
4. Evaluation Studies
Evaluation
• Is a systematic process that produces a
• trustworthy account of what was attempted and why;
• through the examination of results—the outcomes of
intervention programs—it answers the questions, "What was
done?" "To whom, and how?" and "What outcomes were
observed?‘’
• Well-designed evaluation permits us to draw inferences from the
data and addresses the difficult question: ''What do the
outcomes mean?"
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 38
Research strategies
4. Evaluation Studies
Question Framework for evaluation studies
1. What interventions are actually delivered?
2. Do the interventions make a difference?
3. What interventions or variations work better?

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 39

Research strategies
Types of Evaluation Studies
• Process Evaluation
• Questions about a project’s implementation
• Formative Evaluation
• Early evaluation that occurs during and after a program has been designed
but before it is broadly implemented.
• Formative evaluation is used to understand the need for the intervention
and to make tentative decisions about how to implement or improve it.
• Summative Evaluation/Impact Assessment/Outcome Evaluation
• Questions about effects or effectiveness

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 40

Research strategies
Process Evaluation Designs
• Studies on how well services are delivered using data on the content of
interventions and delivery systems.
Process Evaluation Methodologies:
• Direct observation
• Case studies in which participantobservers unobtrusively and systematically record
encounters within a program setting, and nonparticipant observation, in which
long, open-ended (or "focused") interviews are conducted with program
participants.
• Surveys
• Either censuses (of the whole population of interest) or samples—elicit
information through interviews or questionnaires completed by project
participants or potential users of a project.
• Record Keeping
• Administrative or reporting systems that monitor use of services.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 41

Research strategies
Outcome Evaluation Designs
• Assesses principal and relative effects of an intervention on program
participants.

Outcome Evaluation Approaches:

• Nonexperimental methods
• Quasi-experimental methods
• Randomized experiments

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 42

Understanding and Evidence-based
Using Published Practice
Research

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 43

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 44
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 45
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 46
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 47
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 48
Reading Strategy

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 49

Assignment:
Search for published research articles 2015 to present related to:

“Application or Use of (Type of Research) in Nursing Leadership and

Management on Patient Satisfaction and Safety”

Group 1: Action Research

Group 2: Feasibility Study
Group 3: Training Needs Analysis
Group 4: Evaluation Studies

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 50

Assignment Mechanics:
• Assignment is individual.

• Download a pdf file of your chosen article.

• Answer the guide questions from slides 44 to 48.

• Write your reflection of the article that you read using the following guide:
1) How can you relate the findings in the research article to what you have studied in
Leadership and Management in Nursing?
2) What ideas can you use in the way you think about Leadership and Management in
Nursing?
3) How would you use and apply the findings of the study in the practice setting?

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 51

Journal Reading Scoring Mechanics:
• Used all the guide questions and answers were appropriately connected
to the research article = 100%
• Used all the guide questions but about 25% of the answers were not
appropriately connected to the research article = 75%
• Did not use all the guide questions and the answers were not
appropriately connected to the research article = 60%

• Total Points: 100

• Submission: Thursday of next class meeting.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 52

 Philippine Qualification Framework Law:
RA 10968
• Accepted and aligned to the ASEAN Qualifications Reference Framework
(AQRF).
• Endorsed by the AQRF Committee to the ASEAN Ministers of Economy,
Education and Labour.
• The AQRF is a common reference framework, functioning as a device to
enable comparisons of qualifications across ASEAN Member States (AMS).
It addresses the education and training sectors that aim to support lifelong
learning and the mobility of workers and learners.Aim:
• to align domestic qualification standards with international qualifications
frameworks for recognition of the value and comparability of Philippine
qualifications thereby supporting the mobility of Filipino workers and learners.
 Philippine Qualification Framework Law: RA
10968 (2017).
• The Philippine Qualifications Framework
• Describes the levels of educational qualifications and sets the standards for
qualification outcomes.
• It is a quality assured national system for the development, recognition and
award of qualifications based on standards of knowledge, skills and values
acquired in different ways and methods by learners and workers of the
country.
• Aim:
• to align domestic qualification standards with international qualifications
frameworks for recognition of the value and comparability of Philippine
qualifications thereby supporting the mobility of Filipino workers and
learners.
https://pqf.gov.ph/
https://pqf.gov.ph/Home/Details/4 [as per PQF-NCC Resolution No. 2014-01 adapted on 22 July 2014]
https://pqf.gov.ph/Home/Details/4 [as per PQF-NCC Resolution No. 2014-01 adapted on 22 July 2014]
https://pqf.gov.ph/Home/Details/4 [as per PQF-NCC Resolution No. 2014-01 adapted on 22 July 2014]
https://pqf.gov.ph/Home/Details/4 [as per PQF-NCC Resolution No. 2014-01 adapted on 22 July 2014]
https://pqf.gov.ph/Home/Details/4 [as per PQF-NCC Resolution No. 2014-01 adapted on 22 July 2014]
Philippine Qualifications Register: Register of Qualifications

60913 Bachelor of The BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN VI C CMO No. 5/8/2017

Science in NURSING is a four (4)-year 15, - Present
H
Nursing program consisting of general s. 2017
E
education and professional
courses. Professional courses D
are threaded through from the
first year thru the fourth year
with emphasis on the nursing
concepts with corresponding
Related Learning Experiences
(RLE).
https://pqf.gov.ph/PhQuaR/Qualifications?page=45
Philippine Qualifications Register: Register of Qualifications (cont’d)

60913 Bachelor of The BSN program provides an VI C CMO No. 5/8/201

Science in intensive nursing practicum 15, 7-
H Present
Nursing that will refine further the s. 2017
E
nursing competencies to
ensure achievement of the D
BSN program outcomes
required of an entry level
nurse.

https://pqf.gov.ph/PhQuaR/Qualifications?page=45
Philippine Qualifications Register: Register of Qualifications (cont’d)

60913 Bachelor of Graduates of the program should VI C CMO No. 5/8/201

Science in be able to: 15, 7-
1) Apply knowledge of physical,
H Present
Nursing s. 2017
social, natural and health E
sciences, and humanities in D
the practice of nursing.
2) Provide safe, appropriate and
holistic care to individuals,
families, population group
and community utilizing
nursing process.

https://pqf.gov.ph/PhQuaR/Qualifications?page=45
Philippine Qualifications Register: Register of Qualifications (cont’d)

60913 Bachelor of 3) Apply guidelines and VI C CMO No. 5/8/201

Science in principles of evidence-based 15, 7-
H Present
Nursing practice in the delivery of care. s. 2017
E
4) Practice nursing in
accordance with existing laws, D
legal, ethical and moral
principles.
5) Communicate effectively in
speaking, writing and
presenting using culturally-
appropriate language.
https://pqf.gov.ph/PhQuaR/Qualifications?page=45
 Philippine Qualifications Register: Register of Qualifications (cont’d)

60913 Bachelor of 6) Document to include VI C CMO No. 5/8/201

Science in reporting up-to-date client 15, 7-
H Present
Nursing care accurately and s. 2017
E
comprehensively.
7) Work effectively in D
collaboration with inter-, intra-
and multi-disciplinary and
multi-cultural teams.
8) Practice beginning
management and leadership
skills in the delivery of client
care using a systems approach.
https://pqf.gov.ph/PhQuaR/Qualifications?page=45
Philippine Qualifications Register: Register of Qualifications (cont’d)

60913 Bachelor of 9) Conduct research with an VI C CMO No. 5/8/201

Science in experienced researcher. 15, 7-
H Present
Nursing 10) Engage in lifelong learning s. 2017
E
with a passion to keep current
with national and global D
developments in general, and
nursing and health
developments in particular.
11) Demonstrate responsible
citizenship and pride of being
a Filipino.
https://pqf.gov.ph/PhQuaR/Qualifications?page=45
Philippine Qualifications Register: Register of Qualifications (cont’d)

60913 Bachelor of 12) Apply techno-intelligent VI C CMO No. 5/8/201

Science in care systems and processes in 15, 7-
H Present
Nursing health care delivery. s. 2017
E
13) Adopt the nursing core
values in the practice of the D
profession.
14) Apply entrepreneurial
skills in the delivery of nursing
care.
15) Act as an
advocate/mobilizer.
https://pqf.gov.ph/PhQuaR/Qualifications?page=45
Reflection activity – Individual
Using the following guide, reflect on the knowledge, skills, and
attitudes that you have obtained so far as of this stage of your BSN
education:
➢Recall and list specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that you have
obtained so far at this stage of your BSN education.
➢Examine your level of mastery by rating from very little to very much
each of the knowledge, skills, and attitude that you have obtained so
far. Explain each rating that you assigned.
➢How do you feel about the level of knowledge, skills, and attitudes
that you have obtained so far.
➢What are your plan of actions?
➢Set the timelines when you are going to act on your plans and when
it is expected to be completed or achieved.
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 67
 Continuing Professional
Development Act of 2016

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 68

• References
• Department of Education (DepEd), Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) ,
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE). ( ). Philippine Qualifications Framework: Domains and
Descriptions. Accessed from: https://pqf.gov.ph/Home/Details/4
• Senate and House of the Representatives of the Philippines. (2016).
RA 10912: Continuing Professional Development Act of 2016.
Accessed from: https://pqf.gov.ph/Home/Details/5
• Senate and House of the Representatives of the Philippines. (2017).
RA 10968: Philippine Qualifications Framework Act. Accessed from:
https://pqf.gov.ph/Home/Details/5
References
Black, A.T., Balneaves, L.G., & Garossino, C., Puyat, J.H., & Qian, H.
(2015). Promoting evidence-based practice through a research
training program for point-of-care clinicians. Journal of Nursing
Administration. 45:1: 14-20.
Carlisle, J., Bhanugopan, R., & Fish, A. (2010). Training needs of Nurses in
Australia: Review of current practices and future research agenda.
Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM)
Conference. ANZAM: Australia.
Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B.M., & Schultz, A. (2005). Transforming
health care from the inside out: Advancing evidence-based practice In
the 21st century. Journal of Professional Nursing. 21: 335-344.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 70

References:
Henderson, M., O’Mara, C.S., Bishop, P., Arnold, P., & Whitfield, C.
(2020). The University of Mississippi Medical Center’s Path for
Quality Improvement. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory
Medicine. 144. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2019-0211-ED
Hicks, C. & Hennessy, D. (1996). Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Analysis
Questionnaire and Manual. University of Birmingham Licensed to
WHO.
Ingersoll, G.L., Witzel, P.A., Berry, C., & Qualls, B. (2010). Meeting
Magnet® Research and Evidence-Based Practice Expectations
Through Hospital-Based Research Centers. Nursing Economics.
28(4): 226-236.
Kerfoot, K.M. (2006). Nursing research in Leadership/Management and
the workplace. Nursing Administration Quarterly. 30(4): 373-374.
NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 71
References:
Ingersoll, G.L., Witzel, P.A., Berry, C., & Qualls, B. (2010). Meeting
Magnet® Research and Evidence-Based Practice Expectations
Through Hospital-Based Research Centers. Nursing Economics.
28(4): 226-236.
Kerfoot, K.M. (2006). Nursing research in Leadership/Management and
the workplace. Nursing Administration Quarterly. 30(4): 373-374.
Moore, Fischer, & Havranek (2016). Translating health services research
into practice in the Safety Net. Health Research and Educational
Trust. 16-31. DOI: 10.111/1475-6773.12341.
Henderson, M., O’Mara, C.S., Bishop, P., Arnold, P., & Whitfield, C. (2020).
The University of Mississippi Medical Center’s Path for Quality Improvement.
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 144. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2019-
0211-ED

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 72

Winter, R. (1989). Learning from Experience: Principles and Practice in
Action Research. Falmer Press: London.
Koshy, V. (2005). Action Research for Improving Practice: A Practical
Guide. Paul Chapman Publishing: London.

NCM 119 Joel Gonzales Patalagsa, PhD, RN 73