INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

ISIDRO P. OLIVEROS JR., LPT, EdD Course Facilitator

1. THE DIGITAL AGE

-In a digital age, we are surrounded, indeed, immersed, in technology.

-Technology is leading to massive changes in the economy, in the way we communicate and relate to
each other, and increasingly in the way we learn.

2. EVOLUTION OF COMMUNICATION ------

3. What is ICT?

INFORMATION - refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research.

Communication - is an act of transmitting messages. information is exchanged between individuals using

Technology - is the use of scientific knowledge, experience, and resources to create processes and
products that fulfill human needs. Technology is vital in communication.

-Internet It supports human communication via social media, electronic mail (e-mail), “chat rooms,"
newsgroups, and audio and video transmission and allows people to work collaboratively at many
different locations.

-Smart Phone are not only used for making phone calls but also for Internet usage such as sending and
receiving emails, chatting, sharing photos and documents, reading news, browsing the Internet, and
online selling and buying.

Election Electronic voting technology intends to speed up the counting of ballots.

Entertainment ICT has made games for us to play and we can stream on the internet to find something
amusing.
II. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Technology Timeline

CHINESE ABACUS (200 BC) First mechanical device used for calculation.

NAPIER'S BONES (1620) Invented by Blaise Pascal, a French Mathematician. Addition and subtraction
operation was faster than abacus.

NAPIER'S BONES (1620) Invented by John Napier, a Scottish mathematician. Performed addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division.

LEIBNIZ'S RECHNER (1673) Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Extended Pascal calculator to have
automatic multiplication and division.

LEIBNIZ'S RECHNER (1673) Invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard. The loom was controlled by a number of
punched cards laced together into a continuous sequence.

MECHANICAL CALCULATOR MACHINE (1823) Invented by Charles Babbage, a British Mathematician.

He is also known as the father Of computer. It could solve differential equations and was powered by
steam.

MARK 1 (1941) It was invented by Howard Aiken He collaborated with IBM It was first operating machine
that could execute computations automatically. the real beginning of the era of the modern computer.

Technology Timeline Summary

History places us in time. The computer has altered the human experience, and changed the way we
work, what we do at play, and even how we think. A hundred years from now, generations whose lives
have been unalterably changed by the impact of automating computing will wonder how it all happened
—and who made it happen.

Why it is very important to learn the technology timeline?

1. Context and Perspective: It helps us appreciate how far we've come, what challenges we have
overcome, and the individuals or teams who made significant contributions.
2. Innovation: This context can inspire innovation and creativity by showing how previous generations
tackled problems.
3. Predicting Future Trends: This knowledge can help you make more informed predictions about
future technology trends, allowing you to make better decisions in your personal and professional
life.

4. Educational Value: For educators and students, It provides a comprehensive overview of the
development of human knowledge and society, allowing students to connect historical events and
technological

5. Appreciation of Convenience: Understanding how technology has evolved over time can help us
appreciate the conveniences we often take for granted today
III. COMPUTER GENERATIONS

From the periphery to the center how technology is

changing the way we adopt

FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956)

The first generation of computer were huge, slow, expensive and often unreliable. In 1946, two
Americans, Presper Eckert and Willian Mauchly build the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer). It use vacuum tube instead of mechanical switches of the MARK 1.

- The vacuum tubes generated a great deal of heat causing many problems in temperature regulation
and climate control. was an extremely important step of the advancement of computers.

SECOND GENERATION (1956-1963)

The creation of transistor spark the production of a wave of second generation computer. Transistor was
small devices use to transfer electronic signals across a resister. Transistors had many advantages
compar< to other hardware technology.

transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes. time consumed less energy. generated much less heat
faster and more reliable.

THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971)

It was used for business and scientific programs.

The development of integrated circuit (IC), Silicone chips were manufactured in 1961 at the Silicone
Valley. Then came the integrated circuit technology, which had reduced the size and cost of computers.

It is a complete electronic circuit on a small chip of silicone. Which is also known as semiconductor.

Advantages

-allowed computer to be upgraded and expanded as necessary.

-Silicone chips were reliable, compact and cheaper.

-Sold hardware and software separately which created the software industry.
FOURTH GENERATION (1971-PRESENT)

It took only 55 years for the 4 generations to evolve. During the fourth generation, hardware technology
such as silicone chips, microprocessor and storage devices were invented. A microprocessor is a
specialized chip which is developed for computer memory and logic.

computer models such as: Apple Macintosh, IBM,DELL, ACER

Advantages

-The microprocessor is a large-scale integrated circuit which contained thousands of transistors. The
transistors on this one chip are capable of performing all of the functions of a computer's central
processing unit.

-Gain in speed, reliability and storage capacity.

-Personal and software industry boomed

FIFTH GENERATION (PRESENT & BEYOND)

The fifth generation computers are technologically advance and are still being development to become
more efficient.

• silicone chips • processor • robotics • virtual reality. intelligent systems • programs which translate
languages

NEW ERA COMPUTER

News, Teamwork, growth, information

After the fifth generation computer, the technology of computer has become more advanced, modern
and sophisticated. The latest invention in the era of computers are:

1. Mainframe Computers –

2. Super computers-

3. Mini Computers-

4. Personal computers - desktop

IV. TECHNOLOGY USES

SIMPLE DEFINITION

Institutions have Today, most schools and higher educational computers in the classroom for teacher and
students. In education, teachers, students, researchers and school administrators benefits from the
usage of ICT. And Teachers use computers to research teaching materials, participate in online forums
and online conferences as well as to aid their teaching.

COMPARISON

Before: manually writing on papers. Now: using of Microsoft Word to Create word document.

Before: Teacher teach inside the classroom. Now: Teacher can teach online using e-learning.

Before: Learning occur ONLY in classroom. Now: Student can learn with the help of educational sites.

BANKING computer is the nerve center of the banking system around the world. It functions to control
the entire banking system which also includes 'Electronic Banking Services'.

 Automated Teller Machine, (ATM), Cheque Deposit, Electronic Fund Tranfer, Direct Deposit, Pay
by phone system.

INDUSTRY Computers are used to facilitate production planning and control systems, to support chain
management and to help in product design in the industrial sector. In the industrial sector,workers,
researchers and administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.

Implication of ICT in the Industry- Researchers use computers to analyze and collect research data for
future reference. Workers use machines that are connected to computers to operate. In some
productions, robots are used to take over jobs that are dangerous to the workers. Administrators use
computers to oversee the entire operations in the plant or factory to detect specific errors or defects
that occurred in the process.

E-COMMERCE helps in boosting the economy. It makes buying and selling activities easier, more efficient
and faster. For this application, computers, Internet and shared software are needed.

Implication of ICT in the E-Commerce- This method can save time and cost as they do not have to go to
any outlet. All products are bar coded and can be read by the computer scanner to help in determining
prices and managing inventory. Employees use computers and telephones to communicate with their
customers for any enquiries.