Certificate

This is to certify that this Chemistry

Project has been successfully
completed by Mansi of class 12th –
Science under the guidance of Mr. K.K
Mishra is particular fulfillment of the
curriculum of Central Board of
Secondary Education {CBSE} leading to
the award of Annual Examination of
the year 2023-2024 .
Activity:-1
Acknowledgement
I have taken efforts in the efforts in this project .
However , it would not have been possible without the
kind support and help of many individuals.

I would like to thank my Principal Mr.Ashok Kumar

Shukla and school for providing me with facilities
required to do my project.

I am highly in debted to my chemistry teacher Mr.K.K

Mishra for his invaluable guidance which has sustained
my efforts in all the stages of this project work.

I would also like to thank my parents for their

continuous support and encouragement.

Mansi
12th Science
 Index
1.Objective
2.Introduction
3.Principles of Green Chemistry
4.Bio Diesel : using Renewable
Resources
5.Activity -1- Making Bio Diesel
6.Activity -2- Testing Bio Diesel
7.Activity -3- Potetial for Bio Diesel
8.Bio petrol
9.Conclusion
10.Bibliography
11.End of project
 Objective
The object of this project is to
study Green Chemistry
“Bio Diesel & Bio Petrol” and
also to study the Extraction
Process of Bio Diesel.
Introduction
to
Green
Chemistry
One of the most important new aspects of
chemistry is the development of Green
Chemistry . Supported by the American
Chemical society, the USEPA and other federal
agencies . Green chemistry has emerged as an
important aspect of all chemistry. Green
chemistry is the design of chemical product
and processes that reduce or eliminate the USE
and generation of Hazardous substances.
Green chemistry is based on twelve principles.
Green chemistry is the branch of chemistry Is
the branch of chemistry concerned developing
process and products to reduce or eliminate
hazardous substances one of the goals of green
chemistry is to prevent pollution at its source
as opposed two dealing with pollution after it
has occurred .
 BIO
PETROL
1.Prevation
It Is better to prevent waste then to treat or clean up
waste after it has been created .

2.Atom Economy
Synthetic Method should be designed to maximize
the incorporation of all materials used in the process
into the final product .

3.Less Hazardous Chemical Synthesis

Whenever Practicable, synthetic Methods should be
designed to use and generated substances that
posses little or no toxicity to human health and the
environment
4.Designed Safar Chemicals
Chemical Product should be designed to affect
their design function while minimizing their
toxicity
5. Safar solvents and Auxiliaries
The use of auxiliary substances (eg. Solvents,
separation agents, etc) should be made
unnecessary whenever possible and
innocuous when used
6.Designed For Energy Efficiency
Energy Requirements of chemical process should be
recognized for their environment and economic impact and
should be minimized. If possible synthetic made method
should be conducted at ambient temperature and pressure.

7. Use of Renewable Feed stocks

A raw material or feed stocks should be renewable rather
than depleting whenever technically and economically
practicable.

8 .Reduce Derivatives
Unnecessary derivatization (use of blocking groups
protection /non-protection ,temporary modification of
physical /chemical process ) should be minimized or
avoided if possible , because such steps require addition
reagents and can genrate waste.
9.Catalysis
Catalytic reagents (as selective as possible ) are
superior to stoichemistry reagents.

10. Design for degradation

Chemical Product should be designed so that at the
end of their function they break down into innocuous
degradation product and do not resides in the
environment.
Bibliography

. Teachers
. Google images
. Youtube
. https://:wikipedia
. https://: topper.com
. https://: edurev.in
11.Real-time analysis for pollution prevention
Analytical methodologies Need to be further developed to
allow for real time in process monitoring and control prior
to the formation of hazardous substance.

12.Inherently safer chemistry for accident

prevention
Substances And the form of substances used in a
chemical process should be chosed to minimize the
potential for chemical accidents ,including releases,
explosion and fire
 Introduction
Bio Diesel in an eco friendly alternative
diesel fuel prepared from domestic
renewable resource that is vegetable oil
renewable or non renewable oil and animal
fats that natural oils are fats are made-up
mainly of triglycerides What type of fat
these triglycerides when compares so
sticking similarly to petroleum drive diesel
and are called biodiesel as India is a
deficient in edible oils non edible oil may be
the material of choice for producing
biodiesel for this purpose Jatropha cure as Is
considered most potential source for
biodiesel is produced by transeterification
of oil obtained from the plant jatropha has
been identified for India as production of
biodiesel both in view of the non edible oil
available from it and it present throughout
the country
Making Bio-Diesel
Biodiesel Is a mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids long
chain carboxylic acid it has similar properties diesel fuel
many vehicles it can be produced easily from vegetable
oil that contain compound of fatty acid enough fuel can
be produced in this activity to burn in the lateral activity
although it is not pure enough to actually be used as a
fuel in a car or a lorry this synthesis is a simple chemical
reaction that produce biodiesel and produce 123 triol
glycerol cooking oil is a mixture with methanol and
potassium hydroxide is added as a catalyst . The product
separate into two layers Vida biodiesel on the top the
biodiesel is separated and washed and is then ready for
the further experimentation

Material required
1.Eye protection
2.Access to a top pan balance
3.One 250cmcube conical flask
4.Two 100cmcube breakers
5.One 100cmcubes measuring cylinder
6.Five plastic teat pipettes
7.Distilled or deionized water
8.100cmcbes vegetable based cooking oil
Safety measures
1. Wear eye protection
2. Methanol is flammable and poisonous
3. Potassium hydroxide as corrosive

Procedure
1.Measure 100cmcube of vegetable oil into the 250cm
cube flask with the flask before and after to determine the
mass of oil you need.
2.Carefully add 15 cm cube of methanol (CH3OH)
3. Slowly add 1cmcube of 50% potassium hydroxide (KOH)
4.Stir or swirl the mixture for 10min.
Testing Bio
Diesel
How Does biodiesel compared to other fuels ? Just
because we can produce a fuel from an alternative source
does that mean it is a good idea? Then add many factors
that go into the decision to use alternative fuel ideally the
physical properties of an alternative fuel should equal or
exceed those of the traditional product but how are fuels
evaluated in the first place in this activity biodiesel and
some other fuel are tested and compared for sootiness
and acidity .

Material used
1.Eye protection
2.Small glass funnel (app. 7cm in diameter)
3.One 250cmcube flask
4.Two boiling flask
5.One two-hole stopper to fit the boiling tube
6.Filter cap
7.A piece of vaccuum tubing app. 35 cm long
Safety measures
1.Wear eye protection

2.Take care when you have to insert glass tubing into the
stoppers yourself make sure that your teacher shows you
the correct technique

Procedure
1.Pour 125cmcube of Distilled water into the
250cmcube flask and add 10cm cube of universal
indicator add one drop of 0.1 mol dmcube sodium
hydroxide (NAOH ) solution and gently swirl The flask
so that the colour of the solution is violated or at the
most basic end of the universal indicator colour range

2.Place 10cm cube of this solution into the boiling tube

3.
Assemble the apparatus illustrate attaching it to filter
pump with the vaccuum tubing.

4.Place 2cm cube of biodiesel onto a wad of miniral

wool in the metal sample cup.

5.Allow the Experiment to run until the universe

indicator turns yellow and note the time how long this
takes .
 Introduction
Measures to be implemented to resolve the
problem of sewage sludge the container high
degree of organic matter could primarily aim to
recycling it through thermochemical pyrolysis
Process in a order to recover hydrocarbon death
makeup the structures of sewage select pyrolysis
of Producers oil have also been shown to contain
valuable chemical in significant control
concentration and hence may have the potential
to be used there’s a chemical feedstock the
production of a liquid product increase the case of
handling storage and transport
the technology improved by bio petrol Ltd it is
capable oh producing carbon based other than
sewage sludge including agro waste pulp and
paper reduces tannery sludge and other end of the
life products such as plastic tires and the organic in
municipal solid waste
What is Ethanol ?
Ethanol is a part of a category of molecules
called alcohols the simplest alcohols is called
methanol and is a very similar to a compound
called methane. Methane is a molecule
composed of 1 carbon atoms surounded by
4 hydrogen atoms in methanol one of these
hydrogen atom attached to it this two atom
group oxygen attached a hydrogen is called
an alcohol group it is not a question of if we
will stop using oil but when soon we will all
have to replace oil with a different new
renewable source and ethanol may be the
answer
conclusion
Green chemistry works towards sustainability
by:-
.Designing more efficient process that minimize
the production of works waste material
.Making chemical product that do not harm
either our health or the environment
.Using industrial process that reduce or
eliminate hazardous chemical .
In summary green chemistry is
.Scientifically sound
.Cost effective
.Leads towards a sustainable civilization
Potential for Bio-Diesel

1.Technical feasibility
. Can be Blended in any ratio with petrol diesel
.Existing storage facilities and infrastructure for petrol
diesel can be used with the minor alternation
.From environment and emission point of view it is
superior to petrol diesel

2.Sources of Biodiesel

.All trees bearing oil (TBO) seeds edible and non edible.
.Edible : Soybean ,sunflower, mustard oil, ETC
.Non-edible : jatropa, curcas ,ponegemia ,pinnata,neem ETC

3.Advantages of jatropha

.jatorpha curcus is a widely occuring variety of TBO

.It Gross practically all over India under a variety of
Pedro climatic condition
.It grows as a tree up to the height of three to five
metre