CONSERVATION OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
A great variety of plants and animals exist on Earth. They are essential for the well being and survival mankind. Today,
a major threat to survival of this organisms is deforestation. We know that deforestation means clearing of forest and
using the land for other purposes.
Procuring of land for cultivation, building houses and factories , make furniture using wood has fuel. Some natural
causes of deforestation are forest fires and severe drops.
1. deforestation increases temperature and pollution level on the Earth.
2. It increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
3. Ground water is also gets lower.
4. Deforestation disturbs the balance in the nature.
5. Cutting of trees continues. Rainfall and fertilizer soil of ill will decrease.
6. Increase chances of natural calamities like floods and droughts
7. This will lead to global warming as carbon dioxide traps the heat waves reflected by the Earth. The increase
in the temperature of the Earth disturbs the water cycle and may reduce the rainfall. This could causeway
droughts.
8. Deforestation is a major causeway which leads to change in soil properties, physical properties of soil that
affected by plantation and vegetation. Fewer trees result in more soil erosion. Removal of the top layer of the
soil exposes a lower, hard and rocky layers. This is. Soil is less humas and less fertile. Gradually, the fertile land
is converted into deserts. It is called desertification.
9. Deforestation also leads to decrease in water holding capacity of soil.
10. There are floods.
11. The other properties of soil like nutrient content. Texture also changes because of deforestation point.
Biosphere is that part of the earth in which living organisms exist, or which supports life, biological diversity or
biodiversity, refers to variety of organisms existing on the Earth, their interrelationships and their relationship with the
environment.
To protect our flora and fauna and their habitats protected areas are called wildlife sanctuary national parks, and
Biosphere Reserve. Plantations, cultivations, grazing, felling trees, hunting and poaching are prohibited there.
Wildlife sanctuary : areas where Animals are protected from any disturbance to them and their habitat.
National Park: area reserved for wildlife, where they can freely use the habitats and natural resources.
Biosphere reserve: Large areas of protected land for conservation of wildlife, plant and animal resource and traditional
life of tribals living in there.
In India there are 18 Biosphere reserves, 545 Wildlife sanctuary and 104 National parks. Around 34-36 Biodiversity
hotspots around the world.
Biosphere Reserve (Pachmarhi Biosphere reserve)
The Pachmarhi Biosphere consists of one national park named Satpura and two wildlife sanctuaries named Bori and
Pachmarhi. Some animals and plants typically belong to particular area. The plant and animals found in a particular
area are termed flora and fauna, respectively of that area. The Flora and fauna of the Pachmarhi biosphere are Sal,
teak, mango, jamun, silver ferns, Arjun, etc are the flora and chinkara, blue bull, barking deer, cheetal, leopard, Wild
dog wolf, etc. Examples are fauna of Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.
Endemic species are those species of plants and animals which are found exclusively in particular area. They are not
naturally found anywhere else. A particular type of animal or plant may be endemic to a zone, a state or a country.
Ex. Flora: Sal, wild mango Fauna: Bison, Indian giant squirrel and flying Squirrel Are endemic to Pachmarhi Biosphere
Reserve.
Destruction of the habitat increasing population and introduction of new species may affect the natural habitat of
endemic species and endanger their existence
species is a group of population which are capable of interbreeding. This means that the member of a species can
reproduce fertile offsprings only with the member of their own species, and not with members of other species.
Member of a species have common characteristics.
Pachmarhi Wildlife Sanctury
Killing (poaching) or capturing animals in general is strictly prohibited and punishable by law in all such places.
Wildlife sanctuaries like reserve forests provide protection and suitable living conditions to wild animals. He also tells
them that people living in wildlife century are allowed to do certain activities such as gazing by their livestock,
collecting medicinal plants, firewood, etc.
Some of the threatened wild animals, like black buck, white eyed bug, elephant, golden cat, pink headed duck,
gharial, Marsh crocodile, python, rhinoceros, etc, are protected and preserved in our wildlife centuries. Indian
sanctuaries have a unique landscape, broad level of forest mountains and bush lands in delta of big rivers.
Satpura National Park
Satpura National Park These reserves are large and diverse enough to protect whole sets of ecosystem. They
preserve fauna, flora landscape and historic objects of an area. Satpura National Park is the first reserve forest of
India, the finest Indian take is found in the forest. There are 104 national parks in India
Rock shelters are also found inside the Satpura National Park. These are evidence of prehistoric human life in jungles.
These gave us an idea of primitive people. Rock paintings are found in these shelters. A total of 55 rock shelters have
been identified in Pachmarhi bias virus. Figures of animals and men fighting hunting, dancing and playing music
instruments are depicted in these paintings. When the tribal still live in that area.
Project Tiger was launched on April 1973 to protect the Tigers in the country. The objective of this project was to
ensure the survival and maintenance of tiger population in this country. Tiger is one of the many species which are
slowly disappearing from her forest. Tiger Reserve is unique in the sense significant increase in a population of tigers
has been seen here. Upon a time, animals like lions, elephants, Wild Buffaloes and Barasingha were also found in
Satpura National Park.
Animals whose numbers are diminished to a level that they might face extinction are known as endangered
animals.
Madavji tells Paheli that small animals have much more in danger of becoming extent than the bigger animals. At
times, Mikhail snakes, frogs, lizards, bats and owls, ruthlessly without realizing their importance in the ecosystem. By
killing them, we are harming ourselves. They might be small in size, but their role in a very ecosystem cannot be
ignored. They form part of food chain and food webs
An ecosystem is made of all plants, animals and microorganisms in an area along with. Non living components
such as climatic soil, rebel deltas, etc. Biotic ex plants,etc and Abiotic biotic living organisms, Abiotic non living ex
soil water etc.
Red data Book
Red Data Book is the source book, which keeps a record of all the endangered animals and plants. The data book is
maintained internationally by organization. India also maintains a red data book for plants and animals found in India.
IUCN International Union Conservation of nature. WWF- World wide life fund
Migration
He tells the children that these birds are migratory birds. These birds have flown here from other parts of the world.
Migratory birds fly too far away areas every year during a particular time because of climatic changes. They fly for
laying eggs as weather in their natural habitat becomes very cold and inhospitable. birds who cover long distances to
reach other land is known as migratory birds.
Recycling Paper
He tells them that it takes 17 full grown trees to make one ton of paper Therefore, we should save paper. He tells that
paper can be recycled 5-7 times for use. If each student saves at least one sheet of paper in a day, we can save many
trees in the year. We should save, reuse, used paper and recycle it by this. We are not only saving trees, but also
saving energy and water. Amount of harmful chemicals used in paper making will also be reduced.
Reforestation
Reforestation is restocking of destroyed forest by planting new trees. The planted tree should be generally be the
same species which were found in that forest. We should plant at least naturally. Also, if the deforested area is like a
tree established in natural region, there is no role of human beings. He told them that in India, we have forest
conservation act. This act is aimed at preservation and conservation of natural forest and meeting the basic needs of
people living in or near the forest. After some rest, he tells us the children to start heading back because it is not as
advisable to stay in the jungle after sunset on getting back.
