INDUSTRIALIZATION AND THE THIRD WORLD
COUNTRIES
Starting the Process of Modern Growth
History
The 16th century saw advances in trade, financial
methods, banking and navigation, advances that were
The First Industrial Revolution was a process that began affected by epidemics, constant and long wars and
in Britain in the 18th century, from where it spread to famines. From the middle of the 18th century, Europe
other parts of the world. Although it was previously used moved away from the rest of the world and began the
by French writers, the term Industrial Revolution was foundations of the future industrial society due to the
first popularized by English economic historian Arnold development of heavy industry and mining.
Toynbee to describe Britain's economic development
between 1760 and 1840. The development of modern The coalition of traders and farmers raised productivity,
Europe between 1780 and 1849 was an unprecedented causing a demographic explosion, the transition from a
economic transformation that encompassed the early manual agricultural economy to a commercial and
stages of the great industrial revolution and an even more industrial one, whose ideology was based on rationalism,
general expansion of commercial activity.
About the First Industrial Revolution Stages of the First Industrial Revolution
The First Industrial Revolution was a movement full of There were two stages that marked industrialization,
technology and science that allowed man to possess new called the First Industrial Revolution which was
means and elements to progress that made production, characterized by regular population growth and the
cultural and economic development of society in general creation of abundant workforce. These stages were:
more viable. It consisted of a series of changes in the
production processes due to the introduction of First stage: mechanization initially occurred in
innovative procedures that managed to increase the manufacture of wool, then spread to
the metallurgical sector, transport, agriculture
Characteristics: and other sectors of the economy.
The main characteristics of the First Industrial The machines were invented, the energy of
Revolution were the following: the mineral coal was taken advantage of
Manual work is replaced by industrial factory transforming it in mechanical energy so that the
The railroad was invented, and it was the machines worked. Industrial products were sold
revolution in means of transport. and produced to the world, and
The steamboat was created that allowed the colonial system expanded.
the transportation of larger ships at higher Second stage: it was characterized
speed. by scientific and technical progress that
Roads and canals were built to improve developed the means of production, labor, and
transportation. organization. Production was improved with the
There were great technological changes that introduction of electricity and oil, steel and new
were the basis of industrial production. forms of
There was private investment and massive
production of goods.
There was low cost in production thanks to
machines.
Low cost of labor.
The new imperialism arose, which was based on
economic conquest through the sale of industrial
Where it was developed? Inventions
The First Industrial Revolution developed in the During the revolution there were inventions that made
kingdom of Great Britain, from where it later spread to possible the emergence of factories, the acceleration
Western Europe and Anglo-Saxon America, ending of production and profits. Among the machines that
between 1820 and 1840. were invented we have:
Steam engine
Causes Steam locomotive
Several factors in the UK led to the changes of the First Steam boat
Industrial Revolution, which then spread to the rest of Hargreaves Machine
Europe: Hydraulic Loom
Parliamentary Monarchy: it created the division of Energy sources
powers, guaranteeing individual freedom and legal The energy sources that were used during the First
security to give rise to the entrepreneurial class. Industrial Revolution were:
Availability of workforce: community lands were taken Oil: served as fuel for cars and engines and
over by nobles evicting peasants. played an important role in the chemical industry.
International trade: English naval capacity prevailed over Electricity: essential for the illumination and
world trade,of the
Consequences opening markets Revolution
First Industrial and finding new transmission of electromagnetic signals as in the
Among the main consequences of the revolution we can case of the telegraph.
mention that there were enormous demographic Coal: substituted wood and was used in domestic
movements from the countryside to the cities, which consumption.
greatly reduced the peasant population. Two new social
classes were created: the proletariat, which was a social Transport
sector that had few economic resources but did not own The main means of transport developed in the First
means of production, was an urban population where Industrial Revolution were the following:
extreme poverty existed; and the industrial bourgeoisie, Locomotive: Richard Trevithnick, developed the
which was a sector of society that accumulated wealth first locomotive that worked to tow, by iron
due to the exploitation of the proletariat. rails, wagons that were usually pulled by horses,
and was used to transport iron.
With population growth there was a sharp drop in Ships: they were propelled by propellers. During
mortality and an increase in fertility. There was greater the second half of the 19th century they reached a
exploitation at work and the workers’ movements began load capacity of 2,000 to 3,000 tons and
Social changes were faster.
With the revolution there was a notable increase in the
demographic indexes changing the mortality and birth
rates, because there was better food, more hygiene and
medicines. The use of goods is encouraged and the
different means of transport such as railways and
automobiles, telegraph, radio and comfort in general are
modernized.
There was a displacement of the population towards the
cities that also generated the movement to other
continents such as North and South America. Imperialism
and the bourgeoisie emerged, being this social class the
one that possessed the political and economic power
displacing the aristocracy.
The working class developed which had to endure
inhuman working, of
Advantages economic
the Firstand social conditions,
Industrial Revolutionbut
this situation led to the creation of socialist currents and
With the First Industrial Revolution there were new work
mechanisms, the emergence of industry made work more
productive thanks to the mechanization and division of
mimes. Factories and workshops developed the industry
taking advantage of new forms of energy.
Importance
Its importance lies in the creation of new machinery and
tools to facilitate production, make it more abundant and
cheaper. The social changes were of great importance for
the world and society, and we continue observing these
changes to this day. Socio-economic change was of great
importance because it consolidated the social division
between those who produced and those who had the work
force. Technology was increased, machines were created
which, although positive, also had many negative aspects.
Industrial production and the growth of cities were
