Reference Books

01. A Text Book of Higher English Grammar,

10. Cliffs TOEFL
Composition & Translation- P. K. De Sarker

02. Applied English Grammar & Composition- P.C. Das 11. Barron's TOEFL

12. High School English Grammar & Composition-

03. A Passage to The English Language- S.M. Zakir Hossain
Wren & Martin

04. Learning English The Easy Way- Sadruddin Ahmed 13. Oxford Guide to English Grammar by John Eastwood

05. English Grammar in Use- Raymon Murphy 14. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (10th Edition)

06. Intermediate English Grammar- Raymon Murphy 15. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

07. Practical English Usage- Michael Swan 16. LONGMAN- CIIL: English-English -Bangla Dictionary

08. Oxford Practice Grammar- John Eastwood 17. Bangla Academy : English Bangla Dictionary

09. Common Mistakes in English by T.J. Fitikides 18. The Daily Star
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)
... (T)he Negro is still not free .... the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of
segregation and the chains of discrimination.... (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty
in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.... (T)he Negro is still languishing in the
comers of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here
today to dramatise a shameful condition ....
I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I
still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:
“We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal”
NO vs NOT
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the
sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of
injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom
and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be
judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its VICIOUS racists, with its governor
having his lips dripping with the words of 'interposition' and 'nullification’, that one day right
down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white
boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)
I have a dream today.
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be
made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight,
"and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together".
This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with.
With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With
this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful
symphony of brotherhood.
With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to
jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day....
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)
And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the
prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New
York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania ...

Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let
freedom ring.

And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every
village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day
when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and
gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old
Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!" (abridged)
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Manacle (n) – হাতকিড়, হািকড় band, bind, bracelet, chain -
কিয়া বাাঁধা; ‍a‍shackle‍for‍the‍
hand;
Segregation (n) – পৃথিীিরণ, isolation, separateness, -
পৃথিীিরণ; something solitariness, solitude
segregated, or set apart.
Discrimination (n) কবকিশ্চয়, demarcation, separation, -
ববষম্য, কবষম্তা; an act or distinction
instance of discriminating, or
of making a distinction.
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Vast (adj) – সু কবশাল, অসীম্, galactic, gargantuan, giant, bantam, bitty, diminutive,
প্রিাণ্ড; of very great area or gigantesque, gigantic, grand infinitesimal, Lilliputian,
extent; little bity
Exile (n)- কিববাসি; expulsion banishment, deportation, -
from one’s native land by displacement, expulsion,
authoritative decree. relegation
Creed (n) ধম্বম্ত, ধম্বকবশ্বাস, ধম্ব; credo, doctrine, dogma, -
any system or codification of gospel, ideology
belief or of opinion.
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Oppression (n) – কিপীড়ি, tyranny, despotism, -
কির্বাতি; the exercise of persecution, hardship,
authority or power in a suffering.
burdensome, cruel, or unjust
manner.
Oasis (n) – ম্রুদ্বীপ, ম্রুিযাি; a harbor, retreat, shelter
small fertile or green area in
a desert region, usually
having a spring or well.
Nullification (n) – অিার্বিরতা, abolishment, abrogation, -
বাকতলিরণ; an act or instance dissolution, invalidation
of nullifying
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Reveal (v) - প্রিাশ িরা, বযক্ত bare, disclose, discover, cloak, conceal, enshroud,
িরা; to lay open to view; divulge, expose hide, mask
Despair (n) – হতাশা; loss of hopelessness, irremediable, hope
hope; remediless, incurable
Discord (n) – অনিিয, স্তরনবষম্য, conflict, disaccord, accord, agreement, harmony,
িিবশ শব্দ, কিন্নম্ত পপাষণ িরা; discordance, discordancy peace
lack of concord or harmony
between persons or things
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)

Word & Meaning Synonym Antonym

Prodigious (adj.) – কবস্ময়ির, ম্স্তবড়; sublime, surprising, Bantam, bitty, diminutive,
extraordinary in size, amount, wonderful, wondrous infinitesimal
extent, degree, force, etc.
Protestant (n) - পরামম্র পপামপর িতবত্ব
অঙ্গীিারিারী কিষ্টাি; any Western
Christian who is not an adherent
of a Catholic, Anglican, or Eastern
Church.
Spiritual (adj.) – আধযাকিি, আকিি; of ethereal, incorporeal, bodily, corporeal, material,
or relating to the spirit or soul, as insubstantial, physical, substantial.
distinguished from the physical immaterial
nature.
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)
❑ Choose the correct answer from the alternatives.
(i) The word vicious mentioned in the passage means.
(a) Co-operative (b) friendly (c) kind (d) barbarous
(ii) ‘I Have A Dream’ is famous speech made by-
(a) Nelson Mandela (b) Richard the Lion Heart
(c) Robert Bruce (d) Martin Luther King Jr.
(iii) The word sad mentioned in the passage means.
(a) blissful (b) woeful (c) buoyant (d) cheerful
(iv) What does the word gentile in the passage refer to?
(a) pagan (b) non-believer (c) non-jew (d) jew
(v) With this faith what optimism does Martin express?
(a) they will find their parents
(b) the will be the decision maker
(c) they will be free one day
(d) they will gain the right to move anywhere
 Unit: 02, Lesson: 3 (I Have a Dream)

❖ Answer the following questions.

a. What is the text type: an article, a speech, or a short story? Who delivered it?
b. What is the text about?
c. Why did Martin Luther King Jr. have these dreams?
d. Which of the above dreams do you appreciate more and why?
e. What, according to Martin Luther king Jr., will be the ultimate benefit if his dreams
come true?
f. Do you think that Martin Luther King's dreams have been fulfilled? Why/why not?
English 2 nd Paper
Pronoun types
 Types of Pronoun
1. Personal Pronoun (বযকক্তবাচি সববিাম্):
পর্ Pronoun পিামিা বযকক্ত বা বস্তুর পকরবমতব বমস, তামি Personal Pronoun বমল। পর্ম্ি:
He is a student. You are a teacher. I am a pilot.
কতিকি Sentence এ র্থাক্রমম্ He, You, I সবগুমলাই Personal Pronoun.
➢ Personal Pronoun কতি প্রিার:
● First Person ● Second Person ● Third Person
1. First Person: পর্ িথা বমল পস First Person বা উত্তম্ পুরুষ। পর্ম্ি: I, we, me, my, our, us ইতযাকি।
2. Second Person: র্ার সামথ বা র্ামি উমেশয িমর িথা বমল, তামি বলা হয় Second Person। পর্ম্ি: Thou, Thy,
Thee, You, Your ইতযাকি।
3. Third Person: র্ামি কিময় িথা বমল বা র্ার সম্বমে িথা বমল, তামি বলা হয় Third Person। পর্ম্ি: He, She, It,
They, Them, Their, Her, him ইতযাকি।
 Poll Question-01

❑ Which one is the correct sentence given below?

(a) You, he and I are guilty.

(b) He, you and I went there.

(c) I & she were present in class.

(d) Finally Mila helped you, her & me .

 Types of Pronoun
List of Personal Pronouns
Singular Plural
I we
Subject Pronouns You you
he, she, it they

Me us
Object Pronouns You you
him, her, it them

Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns substitute a noun that functions as a subject:
• My mom loves joe. She loves joe
• Joe likes to play soccer. He likes to play soccer
• Joe and I go to school. We go to school
Note: The subject pronoun comes before the verb
 Types of Pronoun
❖ Object Pronouns
The pronouns mentioned are “I, me” for the first person singular, “you’ for the second person
singular, and “he, she, it, him, her” for the third person singular. “we” and “us” are used for
the fist person plural, “you” is used again for the second person plural, and “they” and “them”
are used for the third person plural.

▪ Me ▪ Why didn’t you tell me?

▪ You ▪ I love you.
▪ You should go take it from him.
▪ Him
▪ Why don’t you leave her alone?
▪ Her ▪ I will take it from you.
▪ Us ▪ This was a threat to us.
▪ Them ▪ This gift was especial for you, dear president.
▪ Whom ▪ Are you going to invite them?
Subject Pronouns Vs Object Pronouns

SUBJECT PRONOUNS VS OBJECT PRONOUNS

Subject Pronouns (before the verb) Object Pronouns (After the Verb/Preposition)

work in an office. He calls every day.

are funny. I like a lot.

lives in a house. Give it to after class.

has two daughters. I see every day

is a nice car. Do you like or not?

speak English. Can you take with you?

are often late. Can I visit this summer?

don’t watch TV. Speak to They’re nice.

 Types of Pronoun
2. Demonstrative Pronoun (ইশারা বা ইকঙ্গতবাচি সববিাম্):
পর্ Pronoun পিামিা Noun এর পকরবমতব বমস পসই Noun পি কবমশষিামব কিমিবশ িমর তামি
Demonstrative Pronoun বমল। অথবাৎ পিামিা বযকক্ত বা বস্তুর পকরবমতব বমস এ বযকক্ত বা বস্তুমি কিমিবশ িমর
থামি। পর্ম্ি:
➢ This is a car.
➢ Those are cows.
➢ That is an animal.
উপমরর কতিকি Sentence এ র্থাক্রমম্ This, Those, That কতিকিই Demonstrative Pronoun. This,
These, That, Those etc হমলা Demonstrative Pronoun.
Types of Pronoun
 Types of Pronoun
3. Interrogative Pronoun (প্রশ্নমবাধি সববিাম্):
পর্সব Pronoun প্রশ্ন িরার জিয বযবহার িরা হয় তামিরমি Interrogative Pronoun বমল।
Interrogative Pronoun গুকল সাধারণত বামিযর প্রথমম্ বমস।
পর্ম্ি:
➢ Who is that?
➢ What did they buy?
➢ Whose phone is that?
➢ Which books are yours?
➢ Whom did you speak to?
➢ What do you want for dinner?
উপমরর Sentence গুকলমত র্থাক্রমম্ Who, What, Whose, Which, Whom, What এ সবগুকল হমলা
Interrogative Pronoun. Interrogative Pronoun গুকল হমলা Who, Whom, Whose, What, Which, When,
etc.
 Types of Pronoun
Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronoun Description Example
What used for the thing (s) What do you do?
Who meant for people or person Who is knocking at the door?
Whom used for people or person Whom did they invite?
Which used for things and in some cases people Which one do you like?
Whose used for a person Whose house is that?

People Things
Subject Who Which, what
Object Whom Which, what
Possessive Whose -

Interrogative Pronouns Examples 1. Who is knocking at the door?

2. Who is your favorite politician?
3. Who should you invite to the party?
4. Whose house is that?
5. Which is your book?
6. Which one do you like?
7. What do you do?
8. What do you think they would say?
9. Whom did they invite?
10. Whom are you listening to?
 Types of Pronoun

4. Relative Pronoun (সম্পিববাচি সববিাম্):

পর্ Pronoun গুকল বামিযর ম্মধয সম্পিব স্থাপি িমর থামি অথবাৎ িুকি বামিযর ম্মধয সম্পিব স্থাপি িরমত তামির
বযবহার িরা হয়, তামিরমিই Relative Pronoun বলা হয়। Relative Pronoun গুকল হমলা: As, That, Who,
Whom, Whoever, Which, Whichever, What, Whatever etc.
পর্ম্ি:
I know the girl who came here.
Do you know where he lives?
This is the book that I lost yesterday.
Tell me the reason why you left the job.
উপমরর Sentence গুকলমত র্থাক্রমম্ who, where, that, why এ সবগুকল হমলা Relative Pronoun.
 Poll Question-02

❑ Which pen do you want now to take? The underlined word is a/an____

(a) Relative Pronoun

(b) Adverb

(c) Noun

(d) Adjective
Types of Pronoun
 Types of Pronoun

Who Relates to people (Subject) The musician who wrote the song is French.

Whom Relates to people (Object) I know the Boy whom sits next to you.

Which Relates to animals and Objects This is the Cake which Mary Made.

Do you know the reason why the market is closed

Why Refers to reason
today?
When Refers to time The day when the concert takes place is Saturday

Where Refers to places This is the House Where my son was born.

Whose Refers to possession The boy whose phone just rang should stand up.
That Relates to people, animals and things 12th September is the date that I was born.
 Types of Pronoun
5. Indefinite Pronoun (অকিকিবষ্টম্ূলি সববিাম্):
পর্ Pronoun পিামিা কিকিবষ্ট বযকক্ত বা বস্তুমি িা বুকিময় অকিকিবষ্ট বযকক্ত বা বস্তুমি বুিায় তামি Indefinite
Pronoun বমল। Indefinite Pronoun গুকল হমলা: All, Any, One, Anyone, Anybody, Anything,
Everyone, Each, Another, Both, Few, Many, No one, None, Nobody, Nothing, Other, Some,
Someone, Somebody, Something, Everybody, Everyone, Everything, Such, etc.
পর্ম্ি:
➢ Nobody came.
➢ Everybody loves Sally.
➢ All were late to the party.
➢ Somebody ate my sandwich.
➢ One cannot please everybody.
➢ Some of the girls have passed in the examination.
 Indefinite Pronouns
SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR & PLURAL
o Another o Much o Both o All
o Any body o Neither o Few o Any
o Anyone o No body o Many o More
o Anything o No one o Others o Most
o Each o Nothing o Several o None
o Either o One o Some
o Everybody o Other o Such
o Everyone o Somebody
o Everything o Someone
o Little o Something
 Indefinite Pronouns
PRONOUN EXAMPLE

S - Another
- Anyone
We finally moved to another apartment.
I swear I won’t tell anyone this secret.
- Anything Anything is possible if you believe.
I - Each Each company is fighting to protect its own commercial interests.
- Either Either one will be fine.
N - Enough
- Everyone
Enough is enough.
Everyone cheered for the violinist at our school concert.
G - Everything
- Less
Everything is going as planned.
“Less is more.”-Mies van der Rohe
U - Little
- Much
“Little can stop Manchester United now.”
Much has happened since we met.
L - Neither
- No one
Neither side is prepared to compromise.
No one can cope with her in English.
A - Nothing
- Other
Nothings is impossible to a willing heart.
He raised one arm and then the other.
- One One of the boys tripped over and crashed into a tree.
R - Someone There’s someone at the door.
- Something Something makes me want to dance.
 Indefinite Pronouns

PRONOUN EXAMPLE
P - Both Both are guilty.
L - Few A few of the justices voiced their opposition.
U - Fewer Fewer are smoking these days.
R - Many Many people feel that the law should be changed.
A - Others Depend on others and you always regret it.
L - Several Several letters arrived this morning.

- All All of the newspapers were soaked. / All of them are experts in their chosen field.
B - Any Any press is good press. /Any will do.
- More More were ignored. / More is better.
O
- Most Most was rotten./ Most would agree.
T - None None of us was going to the party./ She waited for reply, But one came
H - Some Here is some./ we showed them some of our photos.
- Such Such is life./ Such were the joys.l
 Types of Pronoun

6. Distributive Pronoun (বন্টিম্ূলি সববিাম্):

পর্ Pronoun িুই বা তমতাকধি বযকক্ত বা বস্তুর প্রমতযিকিমি পৃথিিামব পবািায়, তামি Distributive

Pronoun বমল। Distributive Pronoun গুকল হমলা: Each, Either, Neither, None etc.

পর্ম্ি:

➢ Each of the players got a prize.

➢ I may buy either of these two gifts.

➢ Neither of the newspapers is in English.

➢ None of my five friends came to my birthday.

 Types of Pronoun

Distributive Pronoun
The pronoun which is used as distribution of a noun is called Distributive Pronoun.
 Types of Pronoun

Distributive Pronoun
A distributive pronoun is used to consider each individual in a group

Example:
Each one of them is happy

• Every year millions of people gather in this place.

• Any of you can meet he boss regarding this issue.
• Each of us has no issue with going on a business trip.
• No one has offered you this opportunity.
• On this Independence Day, each student was given a flag.
• They have each been invited to the engagement party.
• Neither road will go to the hill station.
 Types of Pronoun
7. Reflexive Pronoun (আিবাচি সববিাম্):
Self এবং Selves র্ুক্ত শব্দ গুকল Reflexive Pronoun হয়। এগুকল Personal Pronoun এর সামথ
র্ুক্ত হময় িতবা ও িম্ব এিই বযকক্তমি বুিায়। Reflexive Pronoun গুকল হমলা: Myself, Ourselves,
Himself, Herself, Themselves, Yourself, Yourselves, Itself, etc.
পর্ম্ি:
➢ I did it myself.
➢ That car is in a class all by itself.
➢ They made the house themselves.
➢ He was feeling very sorry for himself.
➢ Meena pours a cup of tea for herself every morning.
 Types of Pronoun

Reflexive pronouns are types of objects. A reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject
of the sentence or clause.

They are used when an object is the same as the subject.

The object reflects the subject!
You see yourself.

Because the subject and object are the same, a reflexive pronoun is used.
Types of Pronoun
 Types of Pronoun
8. Possessive Pronoun (অকধিারসূচি সববিাম্ )
পিাি কিছু র ম্াকলিািা বা অকধিার পবািামত possessive adjectives (my, our, their, his, her, its)
এর পমর পর্ noun থামি তার পকরবমতব পর্ pronoun বযবহার িরা হয়, পসগুমলাই possessive
pronoun.
Possessive pronouns replace the nouns of the possessive adjectives: my, our, your, her,
his, and their.
The possessive pronouns are mine, ours, yours, hers, his, its, and theirs. The pronoun
‘who’‍also has a possessive form, whose.
Example:
Have you brought your jacket? I didn’t bring mine. (My jacket)
My book has stolen by someone. Can I see yours?
It is my dog, not his.
 Poll Question-03

❑ The child cried for _______ mother.

(a) his
(b) it’s
(c) her
(d) none of these
 Types of Pronoun
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH
Possessive Pronouns
A Possessive Pronoun replaces a possessive adjective + noun
to avoid repeating information that is already clear.
-This book is my book, not your book. (Sounds repetitive)
-This book is mine, not yours. (Sounds more natural)
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun
✓ Are these Alice’s keys or yours?
MY My shirt is green. MINE The shirt is mine.
yours = your keys
YOUR Your book is new. YOURS The book is yours. ✓ Excuse me, those seats are ours.
HIS HIS The pillow is his. ours = our seats
His pillow is soft.
✓ This is Jack’s wallet and I think this watch is his too.
HER Her dog is small. HERS The dog is hers.
* We don’t use its as a
his = his watch
ITS Its bone is old. ---*
possessive pronoun.
OUR Our bird is noisy. OURS The bird is ours.
YOUR Your house is big. YOURS The house is yours
THEIR Their car is slow. THEIRS The car is theirs.
 Types of Pronoun

9. Reciprocal Pronoun (পরস্পর সম্পিবম্ূলি সববিাম্):

পর্ Pronoun দ্বারা িুই বা তমতাকধি বযকক্ত বা বস্তুর ম্মধয পারস্পকরি সম্পিব বুিায়, তামিরমি Reciprocal
Pronoun বমল। Reciprocal Pronoun গুকল হমলা: Each other, One another etc.
পর্ম্ি:
➢ Savina and Tanvir gave each other gold rings on their wedding day.
➢ The gangsters were fighting one another.
 Reciprocal Pronouns

❖ We use reciprocal pronouns when two or more people do the same thing.
 Poll Question-04

❑ We are better than __________.

(a) them
(b) they
(c) both of these
(d) none of these
 Poll Question-05

❑ She loves you more than __________.

(a) he
(b) him
(c) both of these
(d) none of these
 Topic
Review