Heavy duty and Construction

Equipment(MEng5309)
Chapter -1
Construction Equipment
Classification

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 INTRODUCTION
➢General Introduction
➢Classification of Construction Equipments
➢Selection of construction equipment

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 Introduction
• It is a common fact that we find a wide varieties
of construction machineries on every construction
site which makes the construction job, easy safe
and quicker.
• Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles,
specially designed for executing construction
tasks, most frequently ones involving earth work
operations.
• They are also known as heavy machines,
construction equipment, heavy vehicles, or heavy
hydraulics.
• They usually comprise five equipment systems:
traction, structure, power train, control and
information
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 Classification of Construction Equipment
Definition:- Earth moving operations?
❑ It is a process of moving soil or rock from one
location to an other and processing it so that it
meets construction requirement of location ,
elevation , density , moisture content and so on.
❑ The process where by the surface of the earth is
excavated, transported and completed at another
location are collectively called earth works.
To perform earth moving operation , the following
questions need to addressed
➢How shall the earth material be excavated?
➢How shall the earth material be transported?
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➢ How shall the earth material take its final form?
➢ How shall excavation (open out)wall be supported?
➢ How shall base plate be produced?
➢ What costs are involved?
In general earthmoving activities comprise of
✓ Excavating : making a hole or channel by digging
the ground
✓ Loading:
✓ Handling
✓ Placing (dump spread)
✓ Compacting: pressing soil materials together.
✓ Grading : to make land, esp. for roads more nearly
level by reducing the slope .
✓ Finishing
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 1.2 Earthmoving or construction equipment
classification

The equipments for earth moving are thus classified according to

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2. Excavation and loading
o Back hoe
o Face shovel
o Loaders
3. Haul and place
o Dumpers
o Dump trucks
o Conveyers

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4. Excavate , load, haul and place
o Dozers
o Scrapers
o Graders
5. Compact
o Rollers
o Vibrators
o Rammers

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Besides , earth moving equipments can be categorized as
follows
A) Fixed B) mobile
A) fixed: purpose:- to excavate and load
example :- excavator
b. Mobile : purpose :- excavate ,load ,transport ,dump
& spread compact,
Typically, construction equipment is used to perform
essentially repetitive operations, and can be broadly
classified according to two basic functions:
(1) Operators such as cranes, graders, etc. which stay
within the confines of the construction site, and
(2) Haulers such as dump trucks, ready mixed concrete
truck, etc. which transport materials to and
from the site.
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In both cases, the cycle of a piece of equipment is a
sequence of tasks which is repeated to produce a unit
of output.
In order to increase job-site productivity, it is
beneficial to select equipment with proper
characteristics and a size most suitable for the work
conditions at a construction site.

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 Selection of Equipment
• The Following are the main points which should be
considered in the process of equipment selection.
1. Suitability for Job Conditions- must meet the
requirement of the work, climate and working
conditions
2. Size of the Equipment- it must be able to be used
with other matching units/equipment
3. Standardization- better to have the same type and
size of equipments
4. Availability of Equipment in the market.
5. Availability of Spare Parts
6. Multipurpose Equipments (Versatility).
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 Cont…
7. Availability of Know-how- satisfactorily handled by
available operators and mechanics
8. Use in Future projects
9. The Economical Aspects.-cost of unit production must be
minimum
10. Reliability of the Equipment- must be reliable
11. Service Support- service must be available in area of
project
12. Operating Requirements- easy to operate
13. Past performance- desirable to enquire about past
performance
14. Warranty or guarantee offered by the manufacturer.
15. Versatility of the equipment should be given due
priority- can perform many jobs
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 Thank you

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