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L1: History and Origin of badminton
The first major IBF tournament was the Thomas
What is Badminton? Cup (the world man’s team championships) in
• Badminton is a court game that can be played 1948, since then, the number of world events has
either singles or doubles, by men, women, or mixed increased with the additional of the Uber Cup
pairs, either indoor or on outdoor courts, as a fun (women’s team), World Championships (individual
game or at a highly competitive level. events), Sudirman Cup (mixed team), World Junior
Championships and the World Grand Prix Finals.
History and Origin of Badminton

Badminton originated from the ancient civilization Commonwealth Games Sport – 1966
of Europe and Asia. Badminton is an ancient game
known as Battledore (bat or paddle) and Badminton was introduced as a Commonwealth
Shuttlecock probably originated more than 2000 Games program sport in Kingston Jamaica in 1966,
years ago. and has been part of every Commonwealth Games
program since then. Initially, all five disciplines
In the 1600’s, Battledore and Shuttlecock was an were included – singles (men, women), doubles
upper class pastime in England and many European (men, women), and mixed doubles with the Teams
countries. Battledore and Shuttlecock was simply Event included in the program in later
played by two people hitting a shuttlecock Commonwealth Games.
backwards and forwards with a simple bat as many
times as they could without allowing it to hit the Olympic Games Sport – 1992
ground.
Badminton was a demonstration sport in Munich in
Contemporary Badminton 1972. Then, in 1992, Badminton became an
Olympic sport in Barcelona, Spain, with the
In the 1800’s, in India, a contemporary form of introduction of singles and doubles disciplines. In
badminton – a game called Poona, was played Atlanta in 1996, Badminton was included and was
where the net was introduced and players hit the the only mixed doubles event in all of the Olympic
shuttlecock across the net. British officers in the sports. Indeed, Badminton is a relatively new
mid 1800’s took this game back to England, and Olympic Games sport.
was introduced as a game for the guest of the Duke Only five countries have won the gold medals since
of Beaufort at his stately home ‘Badminton in its introduction in 1992 – China (8), Indonesia (5),
Gloucestershire, England where it became popular. Korea (5), Malaysia (4), and Denmark (1).

In March 1898, the first Open Tournament was held Having competed in the Olympic Games for forty
Guildford. Then, the first ‘All England years, Indonesia has finally triumphed. Susi Susanti
Championships were held the following year. is Indonesia’s first medalist in the women’s single
Denmark, in Barcelona, while Alan Budi Kusama won the
USA and Canada became ardent followers of the second medal in the men’s badminton singles.
game during the 1930’s.
L2: FACILITIES AND
EQUIPMENT
A. Facilities and Equipment
IBF Established in 1934

In 1934, the International Badminton Federation

was formed, with the initial members including
England, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, Denmark,
Holland, Canada, New Zealand and France.
India joined as an affiliate in 1936.
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1. Shuttlecock – is the official name given to the h. Frame – includes head, the throat, shaft, and the
shuttle or and is firmly fixed in a leather covered handle. It is no more than 680mm. (2ft 2 ¼ in.). or
cork head. It weights from 4.74 - 5.50 g (75 – 85 wider than 230 (9 in.)
grains) it may be made of feathers, plastic or nylon.
3. Court – although courts can be set outdoors,
competitive badminton is generally played indoor
where the wind and other elements will not affect
the shuttle. The official badminton court is 20 ft.
wide, while the singles court is 17 ft. wide.
- Backcourt also called rear court. The backcourt is
8 ft. of the court, including the back alley.
- Baseline also called the backline; back boundary
line at each end of the end of the court parallel to
the net and the doubles long service line.
- Long service line, in singles, the back boundary
line (baseline); in doubles, the line 2 ½ ft. inside the
a. Feather back boundary line. Any serve landing behind this
Shuttle – line is out.
consists of 16 goose feathers. Its length is 62 – - The Mid-Court – the middle third of the court
70mm. (2 ½ - 2 ¼). It must be fastened firmly with from the short service line to the back third, a
thread or other suitable materials. distance of about 7 ½ ft.
b. Cork or Base – shall be 25mm – 28mm. in - Service Court – area into where the service must
diameter, and is rounded on the bottom be declined. A service may be made to the right of
left service court depending on the score.
2. Racket – Badminton racket is a quite light and - Short service line – the line 6 ½ ft. from and
can be made of wood, aluminum, metal or synthetic parallel to the net. A serve must land on or behind it
materials such as graphite or carbon. A synthetic to be legal.
racket is quite popular now because of its extreme
lightness and strength. A badminton racket weighs
roughly 98-100 grams (31/2 oz.), and is 68 cm. in
length.

The section of the Badminton Racket:

a. Stringed Area – is
intended to hit the shuttle. It
is of uniform pattern and does
not exceed 280mm. (11 in.) in
length and 220mm. (85/8 in.) B. Service Court -Singles
in width. - The service court for singles is bound by the short
b. Head – bounds the service line, the long service line, the center line,
stringed area. the single sideline, and the back boundary line of
c. Throat – (if present) the court. The server must stand within this court,
connects the shaft to the head. with his feet not touching any lines. The server
d. Shaft – connects the handle should serve diagonally over the net of his
to the head. opponent’s singles service court in order to have a
e. Ferrule – firmly connects the shaft and the legal serve.
handle.
f. Handle – is intended for a player’s grip. g. Butt –
is located at the tip of the handle.
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net is still at its correct central height and has not
sagged.

C. Serving Court-Doubles
- The serving court for doubles is bound by the
L3: Terminologies
short service line, the centerline, the doubles
sideline and the long service line. The server must Every player has his own peculiarity and specialty
stand within this court, with his feet not touching in playing the different strokes. As compared to
any lines. The server must serve diagonally over the other racket games, many of the strokes in
net into his opponent’s doubles service court in Badminton can be learned quite easily by oneself.
order to have a legal serve. The game can improve one’s consciousness and
understanding of what to do, how to play, where to
The area from the net to the short service line is play, and when to play Badminton. Any player can
known as the “forecourt”. From the short. Service enjoy the benefits of Badminton.
line to, roughly, the doubles long service line is the
“mid-court,” and the remainder to the back Advantages of Playing Badminton:
boundary line is called the “rear court”. 1. Strength, stamina and speed
2. Defense and attack
In doubles, the spaces between the parallel 3. Planning and Imagination
sidelines, between the parallel doubles sidelines, 4. Footwork and Fitness
between the parallel doubles long service line, and 5. Grace and Gentleness
the back boundary line are known as “tramlines.” 6. The Sense of Badminton as A Game and Sports
The spaces at the rear court in the corners between 7. Sportsmanship
the sidelines are the “back boxes”.
Badminton Terminologies
4. Posts Alley – the extension of the court by 1 ½ ft. on both
The posts should stand 1.55m (5 ft. 1 in.) in height sides for doubles play.
from the surface of the court. They must be placed Back Alley – the area between the back boundary
in the doubles sidelines. For singles as well as for line the long service line doubles.
doubles, they must also be firm to take the Backcourt – the back third of the court, in the area
necessary tension when the net is strained across to of the back boundary lines.
its full height. There should be no gap between the Balk (Feint) – any deceptive movement that
post and the net through which a shuttle could pass. disconcerts an opponent before or during the
This can be ensures by the use of hooks down the service.
inside of the ports and a draw-cord along the bottom Baseline – the back boundary line at each end of the
of the net. court, parallel to the net.
Carry – an illegal tactic, also called a sling or a
5. Net throw, in which the shuttle is caught and held on the
At all times this should be strained tightly so that its racket and then slung during the execution of a
height from the floor is 1.524m (5 ft.) in the center stroke.
and 1.55 (5 ft. 1 in) at the post. A measuring rod, Center or Base Position – the location in the center
1.524m (5 ft.) long, should be kept by the umpires of the court to which a single player tries after each
chair to facilitates regular testing to ensure that the shot.
Center Line – a line perpendicular to the net that
separates the left and right service courts.
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Clear – a shot hot deep to the opponents back Service Court – an area, into which the serve must
boundary line. The high clear is a defensive shot, be delivered, differs for singles and doubles play.
while the flatter attacking clear is used offensively. Short Service Line – the line 6 ½ ft. from the next
Court – the area of play, as defined by the outer which a serve must reach to be legal.
boundary lines. Shuttlecock (Shuttle) – the official name for the
Drive – a fast and low shot that makes a horizontal object that the players must hit. It is composed of 16
flight over the net. goose feathers attached to a cork base covered with
Drop – a shot hit softly and finesses to fall rapidly, leather. Synthetic shuttles are also used by some
and close to the net on the opponent’s side. players.
Fault – a violation of the playing rules, either in Smash – a hard-hit overhead shot that forces the
serving, receiving or during play. shuttle sharply downward. The Badminton’s
Feint (Balk) – any deceptive movement that primary attacking stroke.
disconcerts an opponent before or during the Wood Shot – a shot that results when the base of
service. the shuttle is hit by the frame of the racket. Once
Flick – a quick wrist and forearm rotation that illegal, but it has been accepted as part of the rules
surprises an opponent by changing an apparently by the
soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily International Badminton Federation in 1963.
one the serve and at the net.
Forecourt – the front third of the court,, between L4: SHOTS AND STROKES
the net and the short service line.
Hairpin Net Shot – a shot hit low and to midcourt, There are a few types of badminton shots that are
used effectively in doubles against the up-and-back commonly used in badminton games today.
formation.
Kill – a fast downward shot that cannot be returned; On this page, you’ll get to know more about the
a “putaway”. various shots and how to use them wisely to win
Let – a legitimate cessation of play to allow a rally your rallies.
to be replayed.
Long Service Line – in singles, the back boundary SHOTS AND STROKES
line. In doubles a line 2 ½ ft. inside the back Attacking shots – a shot kill a downward
boundary line. The serve may not go past this line. trajectory; includes smashes; half mashes and
Match – a series of games to determine a winner. drives.
Midcourt – the middle third of the court, halfway Back Hand – all shots played on non-racket side of
between the net and the back boundary line. the body.
Net Shot – a shot hit from the forecourt that just Block – a type of shot executed by holding the
clears the net and then falls rapidly. racket, stationary in the path of a smashed shuttle so
Push Shot – a gentle shot played by pushing the that it rebounds into the opponent’s court.
shuttle with little wrist motion, usually from the net Clear – a shot hit high and near the opponent back
midcourt boundary line. It may be an attacking or defensive
to the opponent’s midcourt. clear, depending on trajectory.
Racquet (Racket) – an instrument used by the Drive – a fast shot that has a flat flight trajectory as
player to hit shuttlecock. Weights about 90 gms. (3 it passes over the net.
oz), is 680mm. (27 in.) long and is made of metal Drive Serve – a hard quick serve with a flat
alloys trajectory; usually hit at the receivers racket
(steel/aluminum) or from ceramic, graphite or boron shoulder.
composites, and is generally strung with synthetic Drop Shot – a shot hit so that it barely clears the
strings or natural gut. net, and falls rapidly in the opponents court between
Rally – the exchange of shots while the shuttle is in the net and the short service line.
play. Freehand – all shots played on the racket side of
Serve (Service) – a stroke used to put the the body.
shuttlecock into play at the start of a rally. Half Smash – an overhead shot hit at a sleep
downward angle, but with little force, so it lands in
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the front court, used deceptively when the Rush the Sense – a quick move towards the net in
opponents is expecting a smash. an attempt by the receiver to smash or drive a low
Jump Smash - an advantages technique for serve before it drops below net top level. It is used
executive the smash with more power and steeper primarily in doubles.
downward trajectory.
Kill – also called a put away. A smash that cannot MOVEMENTS
be returned. Extensions – the act of straightening the elbow
Lift – to hit a shuttle in with an upward trajectory: a and/or wrist, which causes the racket head to move
defensive return faster than the arm and hand; major source.
Net Shot – any shot from the frontcourt, most often Flexion – the act of bending the wrist towards the
a drop shot or under hand clear. inside of the forearms, thus increasing racket-head
Push – a type of shot frequently used to return a speed; a major source of power, especially when
low short served in doubles. A frying pan grip is smashing the shuttle.
used to place the shuttle about halfway into the Follow through – the part of the stroke that occurs
opponent court, usually into a side alley. after the racket strikes the shuttle.
Serve – the shot used to put the shuttle into the Footwork – the pattern of foot movements both in
shuttle into the play at the start of each point. preparing to hit the shuttle and in returning to the
Overhead – also known as overhead, a stroke base position.
played from the height above the head. Lunge – a long stride forward with the racket foot
Side Arms – the stroking motion used to hit shots for the purpose of hitting an underhand stroke (clear
from near the forehead sidelines when the shuttle is or drop shot).
about the net top height. Pivot – to turn on the ball of one foot and the heel
Smash – an overhead shot fit forcefully at a steep of the other by lifting the heel of the former and the
downward angle; the primary offensive shot in ball of the latter.
badminton. Shuffle steps – a series of short steps in which the
Underhand – a stroke executed as the racquet feet never cross each other; technique used to move
contacts the shuttle below waist level with a lifting into position to hit a shuttle that cannot be reached
motion, such as in executing a serve or a clear from with one long step.
near the net.
FAULTS AND ILLEGAL TACTICS
Fault – a violation of the rules that results in loss of
service or loss of a point I receiving.
L5: STYLES, PLAYS, MOVEMENTS, Feint – a movement made with the intent to
FAULTS, SERVICE, and POINTS deceive. This is legal during rallies but illegal
during a serve.
The Fast and Aggressive Players, the Deceptive Obstruction – an illegal tactic in which one hinders
Stroke Players and the Straightforward Defensive on opponent from making a shot by warning the
Style Players. racket to distract him or her by encroaching across
the net with one’s racket.
STYLES AND PLAYS Unsight – in doubles, to stand in such a way that an
Deception – the art of deceiving ones opponents by opponent cannot see the serve being delivered. This
feinting or by disguising a shots direction until the is an obstruction and it is illegal.
least match.
Defuse – the state of being under attack by ones and SERVICE AND LOSS OF SERVE
high clears. First serve – in doubles, the player who are serve
Finesse – to hit a shot with dedicate touch, or first for a side during an inning.
cleverly, or craftily in its placement as opposed to Inside – the side that holds the serve.
using sheer power. Outside – the side that is receiving the serve.
Offense – the state of being on the attack; a style of Second server – in doubles, the partner who serves
play consisting mainly of attacking clears, fast last in each half inning, often his or her partner has
drops, drives, and smashes. lost a serve.
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Side out – an event that occurs when the server has
lost the rally and the serve goes to the opponent or
opponents on the other side of the net. In doubles
(except in the first half of the first inning), a side out
occurs after both partners have served and lost their
service.

POINTS AND SCORING

Fault – see “Faults and Illegal Tactics”
Game – 15 points in men’s singles and all doubles
play, while 11 points and in women’s singles 11.
Game point – a point, which if won by the server,
ends the game.
Love all – used at the beginning of a game,
indicates a score of 0-0; also used when the game
has been set.
Point – smallest unit in scoring, fifteen points
constitutes a game, except in women’s singles
where singles where
11 points wins
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L2: FACILITIES AND f. Handle – is intended for a player’s grip. g. Butt –
EQUIPMENT is located at the tip of the handle.
A. Facilities and Equipment h. Frame – includes head, the throat, shaft, and the
1. Shuttlecock – is the official name given to the handle. It is no more than 680mm. (2ft 2 ¼ in.). or
shuttle or and is firmly fixed in a leather covered wider than 230 (9 in.)
cork head. It weights from 4.74 - 5.50 g (75 – 85
grains) it may be made of feathers, plastic or nylon. 3. Court – although courts can be set outdoors,
competitive badminton is generally played indoor
where the wind and other elements will not affect
the shuttle. The official badminton court is 20 ft.
wide, while the singles court is 17 ft. wide.
- Backcourt also called rear court. The backcourt is
8 ft. of the court, including the back alley.
- Baseline also called the backline; back boundary
line at each end of the end of the court parallel to
the net and the doubles long service line.
- Long service line, in singles, the back boundary
line (baseline); in doubles, the line 2 ½ ft. inside the
back boundary line. Any serve landing behind this
a. Feather line is out.
Shuttle – - The Mid-Court – the middle third of the court
consists of 16 goose feathers. Its length is 62 – from the short service line to the back third, a
70mm. (2 ½ - 2 ¼). It must be fastened firmly with distance of about 7 ½ ft.
thread or other suitable materials. - Service Court – area into where the service must
b. Cork or Base – shall be 25mm – 28mm. in be declined. A service may be made to the right of
diameter, and is rounded on the bottom left service court depending on the score.
- Short service line – the line 6 ½ ft. from and
2. Racket – Badminton racket is a quite light and parallel to the net. A serve must land on or behind it
can be made of wood, aluminum, metal or synthetic to be legal.
materials such as graphite or carbon. A synthetic
racket is quite popular now because of its extreme
lightness and strength. A badminton racket weighs
roughly 98-100 grams (31/2 oz.), and is 68 cm. in
length.

The section of the Badminton Racket:

a. Stringed Area – is
intended to hit the shuttle. It
is of uniform pattern and does
not exceed 280mm. (11 in.) in B. Service Court -Singles
length and 220mm. (85/8 in.) - The service court for singles is bound by the short
in width. service line, the long service line, the center line,
b. Head – bounds the the single sideline, and the back boundary line of
stringed area. the court. The server must stand within this court,
c. Throat – (if present) with his feet not touching any lines. The server
connects the shaft to the head. should serve diagonally over the net of his
d. Shaft – connects the handle opponent’s singles service court in order to have a
to the head. legal serve.
e. Ferrule – firmly connects the shaft and the
handle.
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net is still at its correct central height and has not
sagged.

C. Serving Court-Doubles
- The serving court for doubles is bound by the
short service line, the centerline, the doubles
sideline and the long service line. The server must
stand within this court, with his feet not touching
any lines. The server must serve diagonally over the
net into his opponent’s doubles service court in
order to have a legal serve.

The area from the net to the short service line is

known as the “forecourt”. From the short. Service
line to, roughly, the doubles long service line is the
“mid-court,” and the remainder to the back
boundary line is called the “rear court”.

In doubles, the spaces between the parallel

sidelines, between the parallel doubles sidelines,
between the parallel doubles long service line, and
the back boundary line are known as “tramlines.”
The spaces at the rear court in the corners between
the sidelines are the “back boxes”.

4. Posts Badminton rules for singles

The posts should stand 1.55m (5 ft. 1 in.) in height
from the surface of the court. They must be placed -The first to reach 21 points wins the set or game
in the doubles sidelines. For singles as well as for
doubles, they must also be firm to take the =When the score reaches 20-20, you need to lead by
necessary tension when the net is strained across to 2 points to win the game or set.
its full height. There should be no gap between the =When the score reaches 29-29, the side that scores
post and the net through which a shuttle could pass. the 30th point wins the game or set.
This can be ensures by the use of hooks down the
inside of the ports and a draw-cord along the bottom -You have to win 2 out of 3 games of the set.
of the net.
-Tossing a coin or shuttlecock will determine which
5. Net side serves first.
At all times this should be strained tightly so that its
height from the floor is 1.524m (5 ft.) in the center =whoever the cork will point to, will be the first one
and 1.55 (5 ft. 1 in) at the post. A measuring rod, who will serve.
1.524m (5 ft.) long, should be kept by the umpires -The first server is always at the right side of the
chair to facilitates regular testing to ensure that the court
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=when your score is even you serve at the right side Rules for playing badminton doubles
=when your score is odd you serve at the left side -First side to reach 21 wins the game. You need to
win 2 games out of 3 to win the match.
-In singles, the playing area does NOT include the
side alley -At 20-all, the side which gains a 2-point lead first,
wins that game.
-If the cork of the shuttle hits the line, it is
considered as IN -at 29-all, the side which scores the 30th point wins
that game
-When serving, you must stay within the box and
not step on the line -You switch sides after each game.
=when you step on the lines when serving, you can -You only need a third game or set if each side has
be called fault by the umpire or the service judge won one game each.
-All serves are done diagonally -The umpire tosses a coin or a shuttlecock to
determine which side serves first.
-The serve must land within the receiving box
-The first serve of the game is done from the right
-if the shuttle hits the net during service but lands
side.
within the receiving box, it is NOT a fault.
-The receiver will only be the person standing on
-Follow the server’s score to know where to stand
the right side.
in the court
-A serve that hits the net is not a fault as long as it
-Whoever wins the rally will add a point to their
enters the service area.
score
-If the serving side wins the point, the same server
-if the shuttle’s cork lands outside the line and
serves again from the other service court.
bounces back in, it is considered OUT
-When the score is odd, the server serves from the
-if the shuttle touches the net but goes inside the
left court
opposite court, it is still in play.
-At the start of the game and when the score is even,
-Both server and receiver must stay within the box
the server serves from the right.
and not step on the line
-If the receiving side wins the point, they become
-When serving, you cannot lift your feet from the
the new serving side.
floor until after you’ve hit the shuttle.
-You cannot double-hit the shuttle at any point
-When the leading side reaches 11 points, both sides
during the game
may take a 60-second break.
-When the score reaches 11, the game is for a 60-
-After the set is finished, the players switch sides.
second interval
=There is a 2 minute break between sets.
-The break between games is a 2 minute interval
-If you won the first game, then the second game,
-Which side wins the first set serves first on the
there is no need to play the third game
second set.
-If a third set is needed, you take a 60-seconf break
-Whichever side wins the second set serves first on
at 11 points, then switch sides
the third set
-After the match is done, both players approach the
-When the score reaches 11 on the third set, the
net and shake hands, the approach the umpire and
players switch sides.
service judge to shake theirs.
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-No player should touch the net at any point during
the game.
-The player’s foot should never go beyond his or
her side under the net