UNR1102 - Creativity and innovation
Dr. Mohamed H. Zaky
Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT)
Fall 2023 Semester
AASTMT - Alexandria
Metacognitive processes
What is metacognition?
It's the ability to think
Metacognition is
deeply about cognitive
knowledge about
phenomena by
one's own complex
controlling the
cognitive processes.
cognitive processes.
© Dr. Mohamed H. Zaky 2023 3
What is metacognition?
Metacognition
Metacognitive knowledge Metacognitive regulation
Declarative Procedural Conditional Self- Self- Self-
knowledge knowledge knowledge monitoring evaluation reinforcement
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Metacognitive knowledge: Thinking about thinking
Metacognitive knowledge is what people know about their cognitive
processors, learning and problem-solving methods, and learning task
demands.
The 3-level model of metacognitive knowledge
• Declarative knowledge comprises pre-monitored cognitive tasks on which knowledge is built
such as memorizing, reading, perceiving, and acquiring language.
• Procedural knowledge employs processes to measure cognitive progress when engaged in a
process, i.e., computing.
• Conditional knowledge reflects on the limitations of knowledge, i.e., the certainty of knowing.
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Metacognitive regulation: A personal control paradigm
Metacognitive regulation is the ability to voluntarily regulate
physiological activity, behaviour, or consciousness.
The 3-level model of metacognitive regulation
• Self-monitoring is actively monitoring one's own behaviour.
• Self-evaluation is a discrimination reaction that compares self-monitoring
data to desired behaviour criteria, standards, or expectations.
• Self-reinforcement is the process's motivating component using
circumstances to alter behaviour to match standards.
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Metacognitive cycle –
Assess the task
In this stage, creative
people build rich,
interconnected,
flexible cognitive
structures to assess
the motives to do the
task.
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Metacognitive cycle – Evaluate
strengths and weaknesses
Elements of the original
representation are
recombined and
reordered to generate
new mental structures
that represent the
strengths and
weaknesses.
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Metacognitive cycle –
Plan the approach
Creative people plan
better when they have
some say over what they
do. This stage of
metacognition focuses on
critical thinking, problem-
solving, and creativity.
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Metacognitive cycle –
Apply strategies
This is where creative
people become "stuck."
Supervisors can accelerate
progress by communicating
with the team. Also,
remind the team that they
can change strategies if
necessary.
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Metacognitive cycle –
Reflect
The reflection process is two-
fold. First, compare the
product to an internal
standard; the creative
enterprise's initial objective,
and the mental image.
Second, presenting the
prototype to potential
customers.
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Performing a creative task
Core cognitive processes Metacognitive processes
Metacognitive control
Control of *task engagement, *task
strategies, *response production
Short-term
Creative thinking
Based on
memory
Idea generation or creative
problem solving Metacognitive monitoring
Evaluation of *task characteristics,
*task performance, *candidate
response
Metacognitive knowledge
Long-term
Problem-relevant knowledge
Based on
memory
Knowledge elements used in Knowledge of *creative tasks, *task
creative solution strategies, *what is creative
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Creative task performance in steps
Task order Pre-task During task Post-task
Creative Thinking Process task instructions Core task (e.g., idea generation) Presentation/Implementation of
Cognition
Core
solution
Metacognitive - Start task, or gather more - Decision on task dis/engagement - Selection of responses
control info - Select or change strategy
Metacognitive - Evaluation of task - Reconsider task characteristics - Update task characteristics
Metacognition
monitoring characteristics - Evaluation of ongoing - Evaluation of own total
- Anticipation of own performance performance
performance - Evaluation of candidate - Evaluation of own idea set
- Evaluate examples responses
Metacognitive - Activation of - Retrieval of metacognitive - Update of metacognitive
knowledge metacognitive knowledge knowledge knowledge
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HOW CREATIVE
ARE YOU?
STRETCH YOUR MIND
WITH A TEAMMATE
Exercise One - Distance Makes
the Brain Grow Stronger
• Have you ever noticed how it’s often easy to give
someone else advice while trying to give yourself advice
feels difficult?
• Using a creative game to shift your perspective and tap
into this element can make all the difference when trying
to solve problems, particularly those that relate to you
personally.
• In this creative activity, share two handouts among the
group equally and tell everyone to work on the handout
individually and solve the problem as quickly as possible.
• Then, let the group exchange the handouts to examine
others’ solutions.
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“Creativity can solve almost any
problem. The creative act, the
defeat of habit by originality,
overcomes everything.” George
Lois, 1931, Art Director and
Author
