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301 views16 pagesInformations and Ideas
About civic education
Uploaded by
Hitz OlamideCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 16
INFORMATION AND IDEAS I
Our observations suggest increesingly that Earth~
size planets orbiting within the habitable zone
‘may be common in the galaxy—current estimates
suggest that more than 40 percent of stars have
atleast one. But are any of them inhabited? With
1no ability to send probes there to sample, we will
haveto derive the answer from the light and other
radiation that come to us from these faraway
systems. [F we manage to separate out a clean
signal from the planet and find some features in
the light spectrum that might be indicative of life,
‘we will nzed to work hard to think of any non
biological process that might account for them
We also might not be able to detect biospheres
evenif they exist
‘Which is most likely true according to
information suggested in the text?
A). Even if life is present on other planets, we may
not be able to recognize it.
B) life probably exists on about 40 percent af al
the planets in the galaxy.
©) tisimpossible to find life on other plane's
using currently available technology.
D) Theories sboutlifeon ether planets have not
considered the practicality of finding it,
Digital SAT Reading and Writing Practice Questions
“The following text is adapted from Charles,
Stearns’ 1849 arti, “Ihe Way to Abolish
Slavery”
‘The Government of the United States creates
no Slaves it only recognises as lawful the
Slavery existing in the several States, or to use
the words of the Constitution, “held to service
or labor. under the laws theceof.” The laws of
sal slave-holding States are made the
standard for the general government's action
upon this subject. No quibble ean possibly
the se
evade this. From this decision there is no
appeal. What then is necessary to be done
to remove this prop from under the colossal
statue of Slavery? Plainly, to repeal all laws
recognising ils existence, Do this, and refuse
to obey any of the claims of the South in
reference to this matter, and Slavery ceases as
soonas the earth would cease te tara upon its
Which choice best states the central i
text?
‘sof the
A) The US. government has no binding authority
regarding slavery.
B) ‘The US government rather than states should
make laws regarding slavery.
©) Slaveholders should be responsible for
proving ownership of slaves,
D) Any legislation that upholds slavery should be
rescinded. I Central Ideas and Details, I
Scientist James Clark and graduate student
Jason McLachlan of Duke University conducted
a study to address a central scientific problem
in explaining the diversity of tree speciesin a
forest "In the mathematical models ecologists
ase to describe how different species compete for
resources such as light, moisture and nutrients, it
can be dlicult to get species to coexist,” he sai.
“In models, slight advantages allow one species
{o ‘out-compete' the other, leading to extinction,
that is, loss of biodiversity. And so, ecologists have
put lot of effort into trying to understand the
differences among species that allow one species
‘o coexist with another species.” Explaining such
coexistence that occurs routinely in real life is
critica, if ecologists are to truly understand forest
biodiversity and the forces that sustain or reduce
it
According to the text, why does Clark feel thet
‘mathematical models are insufficient to study
biodiversity?
A) They do not account for changes that take
place over the course of centuries.
B) Their results do not accurately reflect
cbservations in the natural worl.
©) They do not include enough different species,
‘of plants from a specific area,
D) Their calculations are based on obsolete data
that needs to be updated.
worweyibrantpublishers.com
Studies have shown that a single, subanesthetic~
dose (a lower dose than would cause anesthesia)
ketamine infusion can often rapidly relieve
depressive symptoms within hours in people
‘who have not responded to conventional
antidepressants, which typically take weeks or
months to work. However, widespread off-label
use of intravenous subanesthetic-dose ketamine
for teoatment-resistant depression bas raised
concerns about side effects, especially given its
history as a drug of abuse.
According to the text, why is ketamine a preferred
drug for treating serious depressive symptoms?
A) Because it acts faster than uaditional
medications for depression
B) Recause it has fewer side effects that most
other depression medications do
©) Because theres no apparent risk of addiction
when administered long-term
D) Because it can be administered to the patient
in maltiple diferent ways INFORMATION AND IDEAS
In general, deep ocean habitats will be affected by
tidal current energy systems due to the change
of water flows, materials in the ocean floor,
and movement of sediment. Potential other
effects include mortality ofish passing through
turbines (blade-strike) and the collision risk of
‘marine mammals. A study showed that change
in sediment pattems will most likely follow the
installation of tidal arrays, impacting thelocal
underwater habitat This, in turn, could impact
animal and plant species. Species of marine
‘mammals and fish could experience distress and
discomfort. However, Lewis etal. contend that,
“while current technologies have moving paris
(rotating rotor blades or flapping hydrofols) that
‘may harm marine life, there is no evidence to
date of harm from tidal current devices to larger
marine animals, such es whales, dolphins, seals,
and sharks”
Based on the text, why may marine life be harmed
by tidal energy systems?
A) The systems have dangerous moving parts,
B) The systems are located where animals are
most plentiful
©) The systems attract animals with their sounds
D) The systems provide habitats for marine
species,
Digital SAT Reading and Writing Practice Questions
32
‘A stady led by Sarah Mann aimed to provide
a fuller picture of the vegan diet in which no
animal products are eaten, encompassing both
the nutrition and health of the vegan diet as well
as related ethical beliefs by studying scientific and
popalar literature in tandem. Furthermore, the
study aimed to provide an insider's perspective
of the vegan diet as a means of combating
stereotypes and making the diet more relatable/
understandable to those who are not vegan. By
combining all three sources, the project aims to
educate the public regarding a diet and lifestyle
thatis often perceived, atleast partially in a
negative manner.
According to the text, what is one of the main
objectives of Sarah Manns study?
A) To encourageothers toadopt a vegan lifestyle
B) To examine why people are opposedto a
vegan diet
©) To teach others about the nature of veganism
D) To determine the anthropological origins of a
vegan diet Central Ideas and Details,
‘The following text is adapted from Louise May
Alcotts 1868 novel, Litle Women.
‘When ther father lost his property in trying
tohelp an unfortunate friend, the two oldest
girls begged to be allowed to do something
toward their own support, a least. Believing
that they could not begin tov early to cultivate
‘nergy. industry, and independence, their
parents consented, and both fell to work
With the hearty good will which in spite of all
obstacles is sure to succeed at las.
According to the text, whatis true about the two
oldest gris?
A) They were discouraged by all the obstacles
B) They looked for jobs despite their parents)
reservations.
©) They voluntarily accepted their new positions.
D) ‘Theylost their money trying to help a friend.
worweyibrantpublishers.com
The first bottled carbonated mineral water
was sold in Geneva in 1783 by Johann Jacob
Schweppe, who relocated his business to London
in 1792. Not long after, manufacturers started
offering flavorings mixed with the mineral water
and mostly advertised them as having medicinal
purposes; one such drink, ginger bee, is first
mentioned ina treatise on beverages written,
in 1809, However, the drinks were extremely
popular, and over time, were consumed for
pleasure as well as health purposes.
According to the passage, what s true ahout
ginger beer?
A) Iwas themost popula favored drink.
8) It was the first carbonated drink.
©). It was sold as having curative properties.
D) Iwas firs offered for sale by Johann
Schweppes. INFORMATION AND IDEAS I
Palcontologi
complete skeleton of anew species of dinosaur
which they named Mbiresaurus raathi after the
Mbire region in Zimbabwe where it was found,
With parts ofthe dell, spine, and all fou legs,
recently found the almost
scientists have been able to determine that it was
about 5 feet long, fast, and omnivorous, standing
on two legs. ‘Ihe litte creature may not look very
impressive compared to the giant sauropods that
are its descendants that roamed the carth on four
{ect in later eras, but itis notable as the oldest
dinosaur fossil found in Africa to da
According to the text, why is the discovery of the
Mbiresaurus raathi fossil significant?
A) The dinostur was much smaller than later
sauropods.
B) The dinosaur stood on two legs instead of
four,
©) The fossils the oldest from Africa.
D) The fossils almosta complete skeleton.
Digital SAT Reading and Writing Practice Questions
‘The following text is adapted from Mark Twain's
1869 novel, The Innocents Abroad.
Allie afler noon on that distinguished
Saturday I reached the ship and went on
board, All was bustle and confusion, [I have
seen that remark before somewhere.] The
pler was crowded with carriages and men;
passengers were arriving and hurrying on
board; the vessels decks were encumbered.
‘with trunks and valises, groups of
excursionists, arrayed in unattractive traveling
costumes, were moping about in a drizzling
rain and looking as droopy and woebegone
as so many molting chickens. The gallant flag
vas up, but it was ander the spell, too, and
hung limp and disheartened by the mast.
Altogether, it was the bluest, bluest spectacle!
Itwas a pleasure excursion—there was no
gainsaying thet, because the program said
s0—it was so nominated in the boné—but it
surely hadn't the general aspect of one.
What is the main idea of the text?
A)_ A voyage has a very inauspicious beginning.
B)_ The weather is unpleasant where a ship is
going
©) tis busy and exciting as people prepare for a
journey,
D) Many people are worried about what will
happen. Central Ideas and Details,
In the 1970s, the California condor, the largest
bird in North America with a wingspan of
about 9.5 feet (3 meters), was on the brink
of extinction and went extinct in the wild
{in 1987. Conservationists began a captive
breeding program, and part of the program
‘vas to eliminate all the parasites on the birds.
The California condor populations are slowiy
rebuilding, but the California condor louse, a
parasite that had evolved to survive only on
that species, has apparently gone extinct. The
California condor louse is one of the best-
documented cases of the loss of a parasite due to 2
depletion of the host population.
What is the main idea of the text?
A) California condorshave recovered afier,
almost going extinct.
B) California condors have evolved to live with
the Californta condor louse,
(©) Ihe California condor louse has gone extinct
ue to efforts to save the California condor,
D) The California condor louse was one of the
‘causes of the near-cxtinction of the California
condor.
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35
The following text is adapted from Kenneth,
Grahame’ 1908 novel, The Wind in the Willows.
Itall seemed t00 good to be true. Hither and,
thither through the meadows Mole rambled
busily, along the hedgerows, across the cops
{inding everywhere birds building, lowers
budding, leaves thrusting—everything happy,
and progressive, and occupied. And instead
ofhavingan uneasy conscience pricking him
and whispering “whitewash!” he somehow
could only fee! how jolly it was to be the only
idle dog among all these busy citizens. Alter
all, the best part ofa holiday is perhaps not so
auch to be resting yourself, as to secall the
other fellows busy working
Based on the text, what is true about Mole?
A) He was traveling through the countryside
3B) He was being encouraged by other animals to
work,
(©) He never had any type of employment.
1D). He usually felt uncomfortable when he was
idle, INFORMATION AND IDEAS I
The following text is adapted from Edgar Allen
Poe's 1829 poem, Alone.
From childhood's hour have not been
As others were; [have not seen
As others saw; T could not bring
‘My passions from a common spring.
From the same source I have not taken
My sorrow; I could notawaken
My heart to joy at the same tone;
And ll Ioved I loved alone,
According tothe text, whatis true about the
narrator?
A). He isan extremely sad person.
B) Me has no ambitions and desires.
©) He fat isolated as a child.
1D) He isunable to find joy in lite
Digital SAT Reading and Writing Practice Questions
‘The following text is adapted from Edith
Whartoris 1911 novel, Ethan Frome.
All the dwellers in Starkfiel, asin more
notable communities, had had troubles
enough of their own to make them
comparatively indifferent to those oftheir
neighbours; and though all concecled that
Ethan Frome’s had been beyond the common
measure, no one gave me an explanation
of the look in his face which, as I persisted
in thinking, neither poverty nor physical
suffering couli have put there, Nevertheless,
1 might have contented myself with the
story pieced together from these hinis had it
aot been for the provocation of Mrs, Hale's
silence, and—a litle later—for the accident of
personal contact with the man.
is true about the
According to the text, wha
residents of Starktield?
A) They felt that Ethan Frome overplayed his
problems
B) They tried to hide Ethan Frome’ secret from
the narrator.
©). They were more concerned about themselves
than about Ethan Frome’.
D) ‘They were surprised that the narrator was
Interested in Ethan Frome. Central Ideas and Details, I
The following text is adapted from 42011
statement by Jefferson Keel, President ofthe
National Congress of American Indians, in “The
Indian Reorganization Act—75 Years Later:
Renewing our Commitment to Restore Tribal
Homelands and Promote Self-determination”
“Today, 75 years later the Indian
Reorganization Act (IRA) isas necessary
as il was in 1934. The purposes of the IRA
were frustrated firs by World War Land
then by the termination era, Work did not
begin again until the 1970s with the self-
‘determination policy, and since then Indian
tribes are building economies from the
ground up and they must carn every penny
to buy back their own land. Still today, many
tribes have no land base and many tribes have
insuflicient lands to support housing and
self-government and culture, We will need
the TRA for many more years until the tribal
needs for self-support and self-determination
are met
According to the text, whatis the only way that
present-day Native Americans can acquire their
wibal lands?
A) By applying for a grant to reimburse the
property owner
B) By proving to the state thatthe land was
historically theirs
©) By paying money to buy the land from the
property owner
D) By exercising their right to become a member
ofthe IRA
vwousibrantpublshrs.con 37
The following text is adapted from Fyodor
Dosioevsky's 1866 novel, Crime and Punishment.
(On an exceptionally hot evening early in July
2 young man came out of the garret in which
he lodged in S, Place and walked slowly, as
though in hesitation, towards K. bridge. He
had successfully avoided meeting his landlady
on the staircase. His garret was under the roof
of a high, five-storied house and was more
like a cupboard than a room, The landlady
‘who provided him with garret, dinners, and
attendance, ived on the floor bdow, and
very time he went out he was obliged to pass
her kitchen, the door of which invariably
stood open. And exch time he prssed, the
young man had a sick, frightened feding,
which made him scowl and feel ashamed. He
‘was hopelessly in debt to his lanilady, and
‘vas afraid of meeting her,
According to the passage, what is true ahout the
young man?
A). He fet hehad a great obligation,
B) He disliked the landlady’s meals
©) He seldom ran into his landlady.
D) He was extremely il INFORMATION AND IDEAS
‘The following text is adapted from Sinclair Lewis's
1920 novel, Main Street.
On ahill by the Mississippi where Chippewas
camped two generations ago, a girl stood in
relief against the cornflower blue of Northern
sky. She saw no Indians now; she saw flour
ills and the blinking windows of skyscrapers
in Minneapolis and St, Paul, Nor was she
thinking of squaws and poriages, and the
Yankee fur-traders whase shadows were all
about her. She was meditating upon walnut
fudge. the reasons why heels run over, and the
fact that the chemistry instructor had stared
at the new coifure which concealed her ears.
kis Carol Milford, fleeing for an hour from
Blodgett College. The days of pioneering, of
lassies in sunbonnets, and bearskilled with
axes in piney clearings, are deader now than
Camelot; and a rebellious gil isthe spiritof
that bewildered empire called the American
Middlewest.
According to the text, whatis trae about the place
where Carol Milford is standing?
A) The hills are covered by cornflowers,
8) Chippewa Indians now reside there
©) Ithasbecome quite industrialized.
D) is the site ofthe now-dead Camelot.
Digital SAT Reading and Writing Practice Questions
Snow blindness isa condition in which UV
rays from the sun temporarily damage the eyes,
causing painfulness and sometimes disrupting
vision. Typically, sch conditions heal on their
own in a few days, but repeated cases can lead
to more serious conditions such as vision loss
or cancer. Despite the name, snow blindness
«can occur without the presence of snow. Bright
reflected ight from sources such as light-colored
pavement, white sandy beaches, and water all
create the same effect.
Based on the text, what is true about snow
blindness?
A) Itdovs not actually harm the eyes at all unless
4 person repeatedly gets it
B)_ It is most severe when caused by snove, bat
other situations can cause it.
©) Itcan negatively affect person’ eyesight for
several days before recovery
D) tis impossible to avoid situations that are
conducive to causing it Central Ideas and Details, I
Giant oarfish are the longest bony fish in the
world, reaching up to eight meters long, though
there have been reports of earfish aslong as
ers, Uhey livein the deep sea
around 1,000 meters underwater and seldom
come to the surface. Most likely, these unusual
fish are the origin of stories of sea serpents from
ancient times. In Japan, when a giant oarfish
does wash ashore, people say it is anomen ofan
seventeen m
earthquake,
What is the main idea of the teat?
A). Giant oarish are large fish but not ofen seen.
1B) Onc of the most famous deep-sea fish is the
sant oarfsh.
©) Giant oarfish were mistakenly viewed to be
ifferent creatures.
D) The longest bony fis in the world is
seventeen meters long.
worweyibrantpublishers.com
Nephi and Golden Griggs worked on their family
farm in Ontario, Oregon, raising and selling
potatoes and corn, However, their French fry
cutting machine was inefficient and resuited
in huge amounts of fragments. The brothers
experimented with ways to use them until in 1954
they created the iconic food known as the Tater
Tot
Based on the text, what can be inferred about the
Griggs’ Tater Tot?
A) Ttwasa typical potato product atthe time
B) Iwas made from material that was
considered waste,
©) twas the first product thatthe family
invented.
D) It incuded both corn and potatoes in the
recipe INFORMATION AND IDEAS I
The car isa complex organ that is responsible for
both hearing and balance, The outer, visible part
is called the aurick, and it helps funnel sounds to
the tympanic membrane, which is also called the
cardrum. The tympani: membrane vibrates and
transfers the sound waves to three bonesin the
‘middle ear, which in turn conveys the sound to
the inner ear, where itis converted into electrical
impulsesin a fluid-filled part called the cochlea
Those electrical impulses are transferred to the
brain, where they are interpreted as sound. The
inner ear also contains two structures called the
vestibuileand semicircular
related to maintaining proper balance.
ynals, which are both
According tothe text, whatis the function of the
cochlea?
A) Te funnels sounds into the inner ear.
B)_ Te assists with ensuring good balance.
©) ls fluid slows sound vibrations.
D) It changes sound into electrical impulses.
Digital SAT Reading and Writing Practice Questions
“The first restaurant franchise in the United Siates,
‘was an A&W root beer stand. ‘The restaurant
‘was founded in 1919 by Rey Allen and Frank
Wright, who used their initials for the name.
“That frst root beer stand was in Lodi, California,
and it proved so popular that they leased it
for other people to run so that they would be
able to expand to other locations, starting with
Sacramento, California
According to the text, why did Allen and Wright
create the idea ofa restaurant franchise?
A) Theyhoped to open more restaurants than
they could personally operate
B) ‘They thought that root beer was more
‘marketable ina chain than from only one
sore
©) They realized that people did net want to
travd farto purchase a root beer
D) ‘They understood that using their full names
might be less marketable. Central Ideas and Details, I
In 2011, treasure hunters Peter Lindbergand
Denis Aberg disclosed astounding sonar footage
of an unusual object that they had found about 90
eters deep under the Baltic Sea, Further studies
revealed a stone structure about 13 meters tall and
60 meters wide, with a similar object about 200
‘meters away. There also appearsto be pavement
like platforms leading to the object. Many people
claimed it wat a UFO; some geclogists theorized
it was volcanic material deposited by a melting
glacier, and others suspect itis German military
relic from WWII, Since all electronic equipment,
even that from reputable scientific institutions,
‘malfunctions when clase to the object, the true
nature and origin may never be known,
What is the main idea of the text?
A) ‘Treasure hunters have found a stone structure
tunder the Baltic Sea which may be a UFO,
B) A large stone object was found in the Baltic
Sea in 2011, but its purposeis a mystery
©) 12011, treasure hunters showed sonar
images of an undersea object that is likely a
hoax.
D) Under the Baltic Sea, there isa stone structure
that is 60 meters wide with platforms,
worweyibrantpublishers.com
Narcissa Whitman (1808-1847) was one of the
first female pioneers to travel along the Oregon
Trail, and she gave birth to the first white child
born in the Oregon ‘Territory. She lived at a
mission near Walla Walla, Washington, which
became an important stopping point for pioneers
heading to the Willamette Valley in Oregon.
Unfortunately, she never learned the native
languageand refused to adopt any of the local
culture, which ultimately led to discontent and
distrust among the local people
According to the texts, what was one drawback of
Narcissa Whitman’ atiempts to set up a new life
in the Oregon Territory?
A). She gave birth to achild that was not a Native
American,
B)_ She stopped in Washington rather than in
Oregon,
©) She did not want to assimilate into the local
society.
D) She did not trust any of the Native Americans. INFORMATION AND IDEAS I
The following text is adapted from H.G, Well’
1925 novel, Christina Alberta’ Father.
‘Young Albert Edward Preemby was then a
‘good-looking, slender youth of sisteen, with
his father’s curliness and his mother’ fair
hair and eyes of horizon blue, dreamy and
indisposed for regular employment, Even as
a child hehad been given to reverie: at school
he would sit with sums or book neglected
before him, looking beyond them at unknown
Uingps his early eaperienees in business were