File Ref.No.

1295/GA - IV - B1/2013/CU

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

Abstract
General and Academic - Faculty of Humanities - MA History programme Scheme & Syllabus - Incorporating four new
Courses of World History as electives after effecting corrections in the distribution of elective courses - As per CBCSS
PG Regulation 2019 in the Affiliated Colleges & SDE/Private Registration - w.e.f 2020 Admn. onwards - Implemented
subject to ratification by the Academic Council - Orders Issued.

G & A - IV - B
U.O.No. 18404/2021/Admn Dated, Calicut University.P.O, 20.11.2021

Read:-1. U.O.No. 13057/2021/Admn dated 26.10.2021

2. E-mail from the Chairman, Board of Studies in History PG dated 27.10.2021
3. Remarks of the Dean, Faculty of Humanities dated 06.11.2021
4. Orders of Vice Chancellor dated 12.11.2021
ORDER

1. The scheme and syllabus of MA History Programme, after effecting corrections in the code and
nomenclature of some courses and incorporating the following four new elective courses of
World History in the list of electives for the III semester and IV Semester under CBCSS PG
Regulations 2019, in the Affiliated Colleges and SDE/Private Registration has been implemented
with effect from 2020 admission onwards, vide paper read (1) above:

HIS 3E10 - Selected themes in Ancient World History

HIS 3E11- Selected themes in History of the Medieval Eastern World
HIS 4E09- Perspectives on Environmental History of the World
HIS 4E10- History of the Post Colonial World .

2. The Chairman, Board of Studies in History PG, vide paper read (2) above, informed that some
mistakes have occurred in the distribution of elective courses in the aforementioned syllabus
and forwarded the syllabus after effecting corrections in the distribution of elective courses.
3. The Dean, Faculty of Humanities, vide paper read (3) above, recommended to approve the
corrected syllabus of MA History w e f 2020 admission onwards.
4. Considering the urgency, the Vice Chancellor has approved the corrected Syllabus of MA
History implemented from 2020 admission onwards forwarded by the Chairman, Board of
Studies in History PG and approved by the Dean, Faculty of Humanities, subject to ratification
by the Academic Council.
5. Hence the scheme & syllabus of MA History incorporating four new Courses of World History
as electives, as per CBCSS PG Regulation 2019 in the Affiliated Colleges & SDE/Private
Registration - w.e.f 2020 Admn onwards after effecting corrections in the distribution of elective
courses is thus implemented.
6. The UO read (1) above, stands modified to this extent.
7. Orders are issued accordingly. (Syllabus appended).

Arsad M
 Assistant Registrar

To
1. The Principals of all Affiliated Colleges
2. The Director, SDE

Copy to: PS to VC/PA to PVC/ PA to Registrar/PA to CE/JCE I/JCE V /EX and EG

Sections/GA I F/ CHMK Library/Information Centres/IQAC/SF/DF/FC

Forwarded / By Order

Section Officer
 UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME
IN
HISTORY

OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SEMESTER SYSTEM
PG­2019 ( CBCSS PG 2019)

SCHEME & SYLLABUS

(2020Admission onwards)

1
Programme Objectives
The M. A. History programme offered by the University of Calicut is primarily
intended to familiarize the students with the transition process of the present
civilization. It is envisaged to nurture in students critical thinking, logical reasoning
and scientific temper. Generally speaking, the syllabus is designed to mould each
student of History as a future historian by providing him/her a very strong learning
experience. History as a part of Social Science can provide answers to the problems
of contemporary society, so that along with the general courses of history, emerging
areas also have been properly represented. The varied aspects of the transition
process in the social, economic, political and cultural domains are well organized.
The core areas found a place in this syllabus are World History, Indian History,
Kerala History, History and Theory as well as the Methods of Historical research. The
strategy followed in the case of classification is chronological - ancient/ medieval/
Modern - on the one hand, and problem-centred approach on the other. The course in
History and Theory will ensure that the student is equipped with a sound theoretical
background for ‘doing history’. Likewise, the course in Methods of historical
research and the Project would transform any average student into a potential
researcher. The Optional courses are streamlined to specialize the student in ancient,
medieval or modern history. In the case of emerging areas, courses from Gender
history to Environmental History are offered. The programme follows an
interdisciplinary approach in the study of historical problems. The programme also
encourages the students to make use of the recent developments in information
technology and the digital facilities in locating resources and also for the
dissemination of knowledge in their area of specialisation. Apart from the teaching-
learning process, the students are obliged to attend the sessions of seminar
presentation and field trips and visit historically important sites in India. By fruitfully
completing this Programme, the student will have acquired learning outcomes that may
enable him to pursue a bright academic career in his future life.
Programme Outcomes
• Enables the student to analyse the process of historical transformation.

• Enables the student to locate the cardinal forces of change in the historical de-
velopment.

• Enables the student to evaluate the changing perceptions of Indian society and
culture.

• Enables the student to design a research proposal in his area of interest.

• Enables the student to demonstrate the socio-economic and political

dimensions of contemporary society.

• Enables the student to appreciate and formulate the values of Indian National-
ism, democracy and secularism.

GUIDELINES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OUTCOME

BASED EDUCATION SYLLABUS IN M.A. HISTORY (CBCSS) (w.e.f.
2019 Admission)

The syllabus revision for the M.A. History (CBCSS) is being undertaken under the
CBCSS PG Regulations 2019 of the University of Calicut for the P.G. programmes of
Affiliated Colleges and SDE/ Private Registration. The rules and regulations which are not
specifically stated in the syllabus should have complied with the above-mentioned
regulations. The syllabus is revised to upgrade the knowledge levels of the students that they
have attained in their undergraduate classes. They are enabled to develop the faculty of
critical analysis of their knowledge based on methodological tools that they acquire. It is
also intended to help them tackle any form of tests for starting a career as well as for
advanced studies. The under-graduate syllabus is chosen as the information base for further
study, and hence, as far as possible the Scheme and Courses chosen for the under-graduate
syllabus has not been repeated. New courses in emerging areas have been included to
facilitate investigations into frontier areas.

Students in the M.A. programme are required to take 16 courses + Dissertation and
Viva Voce over four semesters. The core courses (12) are defined around four broad areas: (1)
Historical Theory and Method (2) World History (3) Indian history and (4) Kerala History.
Besides the core courses, students have to select 4 Elective courses, two each in the Third
and Fourth Semester. The credit requirement for the award of M.A. Degree as prescribed by
the University Regulations is 80. Students are also expected to do 1 Audit course of 4
Credits each in 1st and 2nd Semesters.

Minimum Credits Required for Pass

Core Course (Other than project/dissertation) 58
Elective Courses 14
Dissertation/Viva-Voce 8
Total 80

Eligibility

The admission to all PG programmes shall be as per the rules and regulations of the
University. The eligibility criteria for admission shall be as announced by the
University from time to time. Separate rank lists shall be drawn up for reserved seats
as per the existing rules.

Assessment
The total score of a course is 100 and is apportioned in the ratio 20:80 between Continuous
Evaluation (CE) and End Semester Examination (ESE). CE consists of four components:
Attendance (3%); Mid Semester Examination (8%); Seminar (5%) and Viva Voce (4%). In
the matter of attendance 75% is compulsory for appearing for the End Semester
Examination.

Evaluation: The evaluation scheme for each course shall contain two parts; (a)
Internal/Continuous Assessment (CA) and (b) External / End Semester Evaluation (ESE).
Of the total, 20% weightage shall be given to Internal evaluation / Continuous assessment
and the remaining 80% to External/ESE and the ratio and weightage between Internal and
External is 1:4.

Grade Point Average: Internal and External components are separately graded and the
combined grade point with weightage 1 for Internal and 4 for external shall be applied to
calculate the Grade Point Average (GPA) of each course. Letter grade shall be assigned to
each course based on the categorization based on the Ten-point Scale provided in clause
20.2 of the University regulation.

Evaluation of Audit Courses: The examination and evaluation shall be conducted by the
college itself either in the normal structure or MCQ model from the Question Bank and
online sources. The Question paper shall be for a minimum of 20 weightage and a minimum
of 2- hour duration for the examination. The result has to be intimated/uploaded to the
University during the Third Semester as per the notification of the University.
INTERNAL EVALUATION / CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT (CA)

This assessment shall be based on a predetermined transparent system involving

periodic written tests, assignments, seminars and viva-voce in respect of theory courses and
based on tests, lab skill and records/viva in respect of practical courses.
The criteria and percentage of weightage assigned to various components for internal
evaluation are as follows :

1 Examination /Test : Percentage 40% - Weightage 2

2 Seminars / Presentation: Percentage 20% - Weightage 1
3 Assignment : Percentage 20% -Weightage 1
4 Attendance: Percentage 20% - Weightage 1

Grades shall be given for the internal evaluation are based on the grades A+, A, B, C,
D & E with grade points 5,4,3,2, 1 &0 respectively. The overall grades shall be as per the
Ten Point scale provided in clause 20.2 of the University regulation. There shall be no
separate minimum Grade Point for internal evaluation. To ensure transparency of the
evaluation process, the internal assessment marks awarded to the students in each course in
a semester shall be published on the notice board before 5 days of commencement of the
external examination. There shall not be any chance for improvement of internal marks.

Sl. Type of Individual Total Number of

No. Questions weightage Weightage questions
to be answered

1 Short Answer 2 2x 4=8 4 out of 7

type questions

2 Short essay/ 3 3 x 4 = 12 4 out of 7

problem-solving
type

3 Long Essay type 5 5 x 2 = 10 2 out of 4

questions
Total 30 18

The valuation scheme for Dissertation:

The valuation shall be jointly done by the supervisor of the dissertation in the
department and an External Expert from the approved panel, based on a well-defined
scheme of valuation framed by them.

DIRECT GRADING SYSTEM

Direct Grading System based on a 10 – point scale is used to evaluate the performance
(External and Internal Examination of students) For all courses (Theory &
Practical)/Semester/Overall Programme, Letter grades and GPA/SGPA/CGPA are given in
the following way :
a) First Stage Evaluation for both Internal and External done by the
Teachers concerned in the following Scale :

Grade Grade Points

A+ 5
A 4
B 3
C 2
D 1
E 0

No separate minimum is required for Internal evaluation for a pass, but a minimum P
Grade is required for a pass in the external evaluation. However, a minimum P grade is
required to pass a course.
Letter Grades with Grade Points and Marks Equivalence

Letter Grade Grade Range Grade Point Merit/ Indicator

O 4.25-5.00 85-100 Outstanding

A+ 3.75- 4.24 75 – 84.99 Excellent
A 3.25-3.74 65 – 74.99 Very Good
B+ 2.75-3.24 55 – 64.99 Good
B 2.50-2.74 50 – 54.99 Above Average
C 2.25-2.49 45 – 49.99 Average
P 2.00-2.24 40 – 44.99 Pass
F <2.00 0 - 39 Failed
I 0 - Incomplete
Ab 0 - Absent
 COURSES OFFERED FOR M.A. HISTORY UNDER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SEMESTER SYSTEM (CBCSS)
w.e.f. 2019 ADMISSION

Semester I

Course Code Title Type Credit

HIS 1C01 Method of Historical Research Core 5

HIS 1C02 Pre-Modern Kerala: Problems and Perspectives Core 5

HIS 1C03 Problems, Perspectives and Debates in Early Indian Core 5

History

HIS 1C04 Early Bronze and Iron Age Civilisations Core 5

HIS 1A 01 Personality Development Audit 4

OR

HIS 1A 02 Travel and Tourism Management Audit 4

Semester II

Course Code Title Type Credit

HIS 2C01 History and Theory Core 5

HIS 2C02 History of Modern Kerala: Core 5

Problems and Perspectives

HIS 2C03 State and Society in Medieval India Core 5

HIS 2C04 Selected Problems of medieval and Modern World Core 5

History
HIS 2A 01 Indian Numismatics Audit 4

OR
HIS 2A 02 Archival Studies Audit 4

OR
HIS 2A 03 Perspectives on Museology Audit 4

Semester III
HIS 3C01 Perspectives on Colonialism in India Core 5

HIS 3C02 Discourses on Indian Nationalism Core 5

Electives* Group I

HIS 3E 01 Emerging Trends in Early Indian History Elective 4

HIS 3E 02 Perspectives and Debates on Early Tamilakam Elective 4

HIS 3E 03 Knowledge and Culture in Early India Elective 4

Electives* Group II

HIS 3E 04 Selected Themes in Economic History Elective 4

of Medieval India

HIS 3E 05 Aesthetic Traditions of Medieval India Elective 4

HIS 3E 06 Recent Perspectives on Social History of Elective 4

Medieval Kerala

Electives* Group III

HIS 3E 07 Social Movements in Modern India Elective 4

HIS 3E 08 Economic History of Modern India Elective 4

HIS 3E 09 Gender and Caste in Modern India Elective 4

*Students shall choose 2 Electives from any one of the three groups provided;
Electives shall be chosen from a single group only.
 Semester IV

HIS 4C01 Problems and Debates in Contemporary India Core 4

HIS 4C02 Selected Themes in Pre-modern South India Core 4

Electives* Group I

HIS 4E 01 Archaeology: Theory and Practice Elective 3

HIS 4E 02 Human Geography Elective 3

HIS 4E 03 Science and Technology in Medieval India Elective 3

HIS 4E 04 Perspectives on Environmental History of India Elective 3

Electives* Group II

HIS 4E 05 Indian Epigraphy Elective 3

HIS 4E 06 Indian Literature in Historical Perspectives Elective 3

HIS 4E 07 Oral History of Kerala Elective 3

HIS 4E 08 Archival Studies and Documentation in India Elective 3

HIS 4P 01 Project 6

HIS 4V 01 Viva voce 2

*Students shall Choose 1 Elective from each group

Electives* World History
III Semester

HIS 3E 10 Selected Themes in Ancient World History Elective 4

HIS 3E 11 Selected Themes in History of the Medieval Eastern Elective 4

World
IV Semester

HIS 4E 09 Perspectives on Environmental History of the World Elective 3

HIS 4E 10 History of the Postcolonial World Elective 3

*Students with World History as Elective shall choose the above 4 courses as elective
courses in III and IV semesters.

IV Semester MA History (SDE/Private Registration only)

Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 4C 03 Digital History In lieu 4
of
Project
HIS 4V 01 Viva voce 4
 SEMESTER I
Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 1C01 Method of Historical Research Core 5

HIS 1C01 - Method of Historical Research

Objectives
The M. A. Programme in History is designed in the larger framework of moulding each
student into a future historian. In that sense, this course will familiarize the student with essential
techniques of researching including writing and publication of research output. The student will
acquire skills in the collection of data from various repositories like archives, museums and libraries
apart from the experiences of field research. Accordingly, the student will get a clear picture of
theprocess of production and dissemination of knowledge, which is considered to be the ultimate
goalsof education.

Learning Outcomes
● Ability to understand major trends in Methods of historical research

● Ability to Evaluate the initial phases of research

● Ability to analyze the various methods of documentation and criticism

Ability to demonstrate the techniques of exposition

MODULE I: Research Methodology: Major

Trends
Social research and historical research-History as Knowledge- Positivism- Scientific Method as
applied in history- Heuristics and Hermeneutics- Qualitative and Quantitative Methods- Textual
Analysis- Oral traditions- Semiotics and study of symbols- Interdisciplinary research

MODULE II: Research in Practice-I

Formulation of Research problem- Selection of a topic- Research Plan- Research Design- working
hypothesis; Collection of data-Primary and Secondary- documents, photographs, relics, oral
sources- Repositories- Archives- Museums- Libraries- E’braries- Online Archives.
Field Research- Techniques- Surveys- questionnaires- interviews.

MODULE III: Research in Practice-II

Methods of Documentation- taking notes, précis, paraphrase;
Arrangement of data- card system- files and folders, word
processor
Analysis of sources- Textual criticism- Internal criticism and External Criticism- Deconstruction.
Objectivity- subjectivity- Impact of Postmodernism- generalization- Formulation of final
argument.

MODULE IV: Exposition

Synthesis- Writing of research Report- Methods of Explanation- verification of hypothesis-
Analytical writing; Chapterisation- logical arrangement of chapters; citations- needs- types-
Footnotes- End Notes etc.- Styles (MLA, APA etc.) Bibliography- Index, Appendix- Plagiarism and
ghost Writing- Plagiarism check.
Writing of Research papers and projects- Editing- copy editing
Reading List
R.J. Shafer, A Guide to Historical Method, Dorsey Press, 1983
Marc Bloch, The Historian’s Craft, Manchester University Press, 2004
E.H. Carr, What is History?, Penguin, 2008 (1961)
G.J. Renier, History: Its Purpose and Method, Allen and Unwin, 1961
E. Sreedharan, A Manual of Historical Research Methodology, Trivandrum, 2007.
L. Cohen and E. Nagel, Introduction to Logic and Scientific Method, Simon Publications, 2002
Willaiam Goode and Paul Hatt, The Methods of Social Research, McGraw-Hill, 1952.
Michel De Certeau, The Writing of History, Columbia University Press, 1988
Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition as History, University of Wisconsin Press,1985
Kate Turabian, A Manual for the Writers of Research Papers, theses Dissertations, University of
Chicago Press, 2013
Ludmilla Jordanova, History in Practice, Bloomsbury, 2006
Keith Jenkins, Refiguring History, New thoughts on a new discipline, Routledge, 20003.
--------------------, Rethinking History, 2003
Aron V Cicourel, ed., Advances in Social Theory and Metodology,Routledge, 2014
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 1C02 Pre-Modern Kerala: Problems and Perspectives Core 5

HIS 1C02: Pre-Modern Kerala: Problems and Perspectives

This course is an attempt to examine the Pre-Modern history of Kerala in the backdrop of different
problems and perspectives. This syllabus would enable students to understand Kerala history
critically and scientifically. The primary sources suggested for study in the syllabus make students
capable of various ways through which scholars read these pieces of evidence from different
perspectives in different periods. Modern Kerala is to be examined in the context of the pre-modern
Kerala society. The following are the objectives and major outcomes set.
Objectives
• Familiarise Primary sources
• Teaching scientific methods to read and write history
• Understand the historiography of Kerala history
• Read the importance of Interdisciplinarity in the study of history
• Acquires the skill to draw problems confronted by the people in their everyday life
Learning Outcomes
• Understands the need to examine primary evidence
• Realises the importance of critical methodology in writing history
• Student s make use of the knowledge in other disciplines to understand the history
• Learns the importance of re-reading primary sources and evidence
• Uses analytical methodology in the study of regional history

I. Historical Consciousness in Pre Modern Kerala

Parasurama and Cheraman Perumal Legend-Keralolpatti tradition – Mushakavamsa Kavya – Tuhfat
al -Mujahidin – Oral Tradition as history – Ballads- War songs- Chengannurati paattu.
Sources and texts for Study
A] Archaeological Sources- typology and nature of evidences- text for study: Pattanam as a trade
settlement in the Reports of Pattanam excavation.
B] Epigraphical Sources- script –chronology- content and language of inscriptions-text for study
– Tarisapalli Copper plates.
C] Grandhavaris- text for study – description of sthanarohanam in Kozhikodan granthavari.
D] Numismatics – Typology – Greco–Roman and indigenous Coins in Kerala- text for study –
Early Coins in Kerala – P L Gupta.
E] Literary Sources- Sanskrit, Tamil –Manipravalam, Arabic and Malayalam texts- text for study-
description of Social Life in Malabar in section three, Tuhfat ul Mujahiddin.
II. Kerala as a region and social formation process
Human ecology and settlements- life activities and multiple economies in early historic Iron Age
Kerala- clan and chiefdoms- transition from early historic to early medieval –formation of agrarian
society –land, labour and production process- Brahman settlements, temples and social stratification
- labour process and formation of kutis and adiyar groups- primary producers- trade and exchange-
pattanam, nagaram and angadis- overseas trade- formation of caste hierarchy and brahmanical codes
– kachhams and maryadais.
III. Forms of political and social power
Polity of the Nattudayavars- overlordship of Chera Perumals- nature of the Chera power – debate –
evidences and theories.
IV. Post Perumal polity and socio-economic power structure.
Naduvazhi Swarupams- janma kana maryada system-state formation in Travancore and Cochin-
political structure under the Zamorins – jati hierarchy and process of social exclusion- caste
oppression and practice of untouchability-gender relations –European powers–Kerala as a linguistic
and cultural region-formation of Malayali identity.

Readings:
Kamil Zvelebil, Tamil Poetry 2000 Years Ago, Tamil CultureVol.X1979.
K Sivathamby, Early South Indian Society and Economy, Social Scientist
Vol.29, 1974. K Sivathamby ,Studies in Ancient Tamil Society: Economy,
Society, and State Formation, New Century Book House ,Chennai,
Kailasapathy, Tamil Heroic Poetry, London, 1968.
N Athiyaman, Subsistence Pattern in Early Historic Tamilnadu , Presidential
Address, 25th Annual Session Tamil Nadu History Congress, Dept of History
University of Madras, October 2018.
M G S Narayanan, Perumals of Kerala, Cosmo Books Thrissur ,
M G S Narayanan, Foundations of South Indian Socienty and culture, New
Delhi 1994. M G S Narayanan and Kesavan Veluthat , ‘Bhakti Movement in
South India’ ,in S C Malik [Ed], Dissent Protest and Reform in Indian
Civilization, Shimla,1980.
M G S Narayanan, Cultural Symbiosis in Kerala.
K N Ganesh, Lived Spaces in History: A Study in Human Geography in the
Context of Sangam Texts, Studies in History, Volume 25 .Issue 2, August 2009
K N Ganesh, Reflections on Pre- Modern Kerala, Cosmo Books,
Thrisure, 2016. K N Ganesh, Keralathinte Innalakal, State Institute of
Languages, Thiruvanadapuram, 2011. K N Ganesh, Malayaliyute
Desakalangal, Raspberry , Calicut 2016

K N Ganesh, State Formation in Kerala: A Critical Overview, ICHR, Bangalore,

2010.

Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai, Ilamkulam Kunjanpillayute therenjeduth krithikal, N

Sam [ed], International Center for Kerala Stuies University of Kerala ,
Thiruvanadapuram, 2005. Puthussery Ramachandran, Kerala Charithrathinte
Adisthana Rekhakal, State Institute of Languages, Thiruvanadapuram, 2007.
K V Krishna Ayer, Zamorins,of Calicut , university of Calicut.
V V Haridas, Zamorins and the Political Culture in Medieval Kerala, Orient
Blackswan, New Delhi, 2016.
V V Haridas, Samuthiripperuma, Sahithya Academy,
Thrissur, 2012. K Raghavan Pillai, [ed] Musaka
Vamsa, University of Kerala.
SMH Nainar, [translated and edited] Tuhfat al Mujahidin, Other Books
,Calicut,2006. C Hamsa, Tuhfat ul Mujahidin [Malayalam],Alhuda
Book Stall , Calicut, 1995.
Rajan Gurukkal and Raghava Varier, Cultural History of Kerala, Vol.I, Dept of
Cultural; Publications Government of Kerala, Thiruvanadapuram, 1999.
Raghava Varier and Rajan Gurukkal, Kerala Charithram Vol.I. and II ,Current
Books, Kottayam, 2004.
Raghava Varier, Keraliyatha Charithra Manangal , Current Books,
Kottayam, 1990. Rajan Gurukkal, Social Formation in Early South
India, OUP, Delhi, 2010.
Rajan Gurukkal, ‘From Clan and Lineage to Hereditary Occupation to Caste’ ,in
Deve Nathan [ed], From Tribe to Caste, Shimla ,1997.
Rajan Gurukkal, Mithu ,Charithram Samuham, SPCS, Cosmo Books
,Thrisure. Rajendran P, Archaeology of Kerala, Classical Publishing
Company New Delhi, 1989. P J Cherian [ed], Perspectives on
Kerala History, KCHR, Thiruvanandapuram, 1999.
P K Balakrishnan, Jati Vyavasthayum Keralacharithravum [1983] DCBooks,
Kottayam, 2008 A Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History, DC
Books, Kottayam.
Sebastian Joseph [ed] ,On Present[in/g History , C Books ,
Kottayam, 2017. Kesavan Veluthat, Brahman Settlements
in Kerala, (1978), Thrissur, 2013.
Kesavan Veluthat, The Early Medieval in South India, New
Delhi, 2008. Kesavan Veluthat and P P Sudhakaran [Eds],
Advances in History, Calicut .
Kesavan Veluthat and Donald Davis Jr. [Eds], Irreverent History, Primus Books,
New Delhi, 2016. M R Raghava Varier and Kesavan Veluthat, Tharisapalli
Pattayam, SPCS/National Book Stall Kottayam, 2013.

M R Raghava Varier ,Kozhikkodan Grandhavari, Sthanarohanam, Vallathol

Vidyapeedom /Current Books, Thrisur,2004.
MGS Narayana, ed., Vanjeri Grandhavari, University of Calicut, 1987.
A P Ibrahim Kunju, Mysure Kerala Relations in the 18th Century, Kerala
Historical Society Thiruvanadapuram, 1975.

A P Ibrahim Kunju, Studies in Medieval Kerala History, Kerala Historical Society

Thiruvanadapuram, 1975.
Appukuttan P, Chengannoorathi: Padavum Padanavum, Kerala
Sahithya Academy, Thrissur. K R Sajitha, Edanadan
Paattu,Thapasam, Changanasseri. K P Padmanabhamenon,
Kochirajyacharithram , Mathrubhumi , Calicut.
N Gopakumaran Nair, Reimagining Histories, Current Books,
Kottayam,2019. T Muhammedali, Histories Unbounded,
Current Books, Kottayam, 2019.
M P Mujeebu Rehman and K S Madhavan [Eds], Explorations in South
Indian History, SPCS, Kottayam 2014.
Ajith Kumar [ed], Archaeology in Kerala: Emerging Trends, Department of
Archaeology, University of Kerala, Thiruvanandapuram, 2012.
K V Krishna Ayyar, The Zamorins of Calicut,[1938] Publication
Division,Calicut University ,1999. N M Nampoothiri, Malabar Padanangal,
State Institute of Language, Thiruvanandapuram,2008. N M
Nampoothiri and P K Sivadas, Kerala charithrathinte Nattuvazhikal, D C
Books Kottayam, 2009.
K K Kochu, Keralacharithravum Samooha Rupikaranavum, State Institute of
Languages, Thiruvanadapuram.
T H P Chentharassry, Kerala Charithrathile Avaganikkapetta Edukal, Mythri
Books , Thiruvanadapuram,2018.
T H P Chentharassry, Kerala Charithrathinu Oru Mukhavura, Mythri Books ,
Thiruvanandapuram,2015.
T H P Chentharassry, Kerala Charithradhara, Mythri Books,
Thiruvanandapuram,2019. P Bhaskaran Unni, Pathonpatham Nootttandile
Keralam, Kerala Sahithya Academy Trissur,2012 Panmana Ramchandran
Nair [ed],Kerala Samskara Padanangal, 2 vols, Current Books , Kottayam
2013.
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 1C03 Problems, Perspectives and Debates in Early Core 5
Indian History

HIS 1CO3 - Problems, Perspectives and Debates in Early Indian History

Objectives
The course helps the students to understand the major problems, perspectives and debates in early
Indian history. It helps themto understand how historical research is advancing in early Indian
history. The course covers significant areas of early Indian history and enables them to understand
the various historical perspectives. The course aims to enthuse the students to explain and critique
and have shaped the scholarly understanding of their fields of study.

Learning Outcome
The course enables the students to explain and critique the major problems and debates in early
Indian history. It helps them to evaluate the perspectives in early Indian history and helps to
formulate research problems in their area of interest. The course enables them to correlate and
develop skill in the comparative analysis of situations in their area of interest. It makes them
identify fresh insights in the area of early Indian history.

Module I: Perspectives on history

Society and state as reflected in colonial writings – Oriental Despotism and Asiatic Society –
Asiatic Mode of Production Debate – Nationalist Historians – K.P. Jayaswal – R.C. Majumdar –
R.G. Bhandarkar – R.K. Mukherji -A.S. Altekar – Marxist interpretation – D.D. Kosambi – R.S.
Sharma
– D.C. Sircar – D.N. Jha – Interdisciplinary approach and recent trends – Romila Thapar – B.D.
Chattopadhyaya – Kumkum Ray – Kunal Chakrabarty - Suvira Jaiswal – Uma Chakravarti –
Nayanjot Lahiri – Shereen Ratnagar – Upinder Singh
Module II: State and Society in Vedic and early period
Nature of Harappan State and westerly trade – Recent Interpretations – Aryan problem – debate –
Invasion hypothesis – Migration hypothesis – writings of R.S. Sharma, Romila Thapar, Michael
Witzel and Thomas Trautman – Vedic society – Process of transition from Lineage to State – Recent
interpretations
Module III: Mahajanapadas to Gupta period
Political structure of Mahajanapadas – Various interpretations of Mauryan state – V.A. Smith – R.K.
Mukherji – Romila Thapar – I.W. Mabbett – Bongard Levin – Gerard Fussman – Kushana state –
Nature of Gupta state – Golden age – Land grants - debates

Module IV: Political violence and ideology in early India

War and violence in Vedic period – Renunciation - Upanishads – Non-violence - Buddhism and
Jainism – Asoka and his propaganda of piety – Arthasastra – Problem of kingship - Shaddarsanas

Reference
Altekar A.S., State and Government in Ancient India, (1949), Delhi, Reprint 1992.
B.D. Chattopadhyaya, Land System and Rural Society in Early India, Delhi, 2003.
Barry Hindess and Paul Q Hirst, Pre-capitalist modes of Production, London, 1975.Basham, A.L.,
History and Doctrines of Ajivikas, London, 1951.
D.N. Jha, Against the Grain, New Delhi, 2018.
Kumkum Roy, Emergence of Monarchy in North India, New Delhi, 1994.
Mabbett, I.W., Truth, Myth and Politics in Ancient India, New Delhi, 1980.
Masaaki Kimura and Akio Tanabe, eds., The State in India, Past and Present,
New Delhi, 2006.
R.S. Sharma, India’s Ancient Past, New Delhi, 2006.
R.S. Sharma, Material culture and Social formations in Ancient India, New Delhi, Reprint 1990.
R.S. Sharma, Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, Delhi, Second edition 1968.
R.S. Sharma, Rethinking India’s Past, New Delhi, 2009.
R.S. Sharma, The Advent of Aryans in India, New Delhi, 1999.
Romila Thapar, Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas, Delhi, Third edition 2012.
Romila Thapar, Cultural Pasts, Delhi, 2000.
Romila Thapar, Early India from the origins to AD 1300, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2003.
Romila Thapar, From Lineage to State, Second edition 2000.
Romila Thapar, Interpreting Early India, Delhi, Second edition
2000. Romila Thapar, The Mauryas Revisited, New Delhi, 1984.
Romila Thapar, Which of us are Aryans, New Delhi, 2019.
S.N. Dasgupta, Outline of Indian Philosophy
Shereen Ratnagar, Enquiries into the Political organisation of Harappan Society, Pune, 1991.
Shereen Ratnagar, Trading Encounters, New Delhi, 2004.
Suvira Jaiswal, Origin and development of Vaishnavism, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, New
Delhi, 1967.
Thomas Trautman, ed., Aryan Debate, New Delhi, 2003.
Uma Chakravarti, Everyday Lives, Everyday Histories: Beyond the kings and Brahmanas of Ancient
India, New Delhi, 2006.
Upinder Singh, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, Delhi, 2008.
Upinder Singh, Political violence in Ancient India, Cambridge, 2017.
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 1C04 Early Bronze and Iron Age Civilisations Core 5

HIS 1C04 :Early Bronze and Iron Age Civilisations

Objectives
The course intended to understand ancient material culture as a part of world history. She/he
will tend to know the origin and development of complex societies. It traces the development and
spread of Bronze and Iron Age culture. It envisages the students to make a habit of inquiry on
civilizational growth. It will develop a clear idea of the evolution of religion, philosophy, science
and technology.

Learning Outcome
The students will develop a strong foundation and critical understanding of the shifting nature of
human civilization. They will always seek to make the debate on the ancient state. Students will
familiarise with all arch-type tools and their growing pattern. It will provide a strong foundation for
thinking mode in human evolution.

I. Egyptian Civilisation
19th century archaeological explorations – Excavations in Egypt, Greece, China and Latin America
– Archaeological and Anthropological insights – Bronze and Iron Age;
The rise of civilisation in Egypt – Pre-dynastic period – achievements – Pharaohs and their history –
Old kingdom – Nature of government – Duties of Pharaoh – Middgle Kingdom and the growth of
imperialism – Religious ideas – Osiris culture, religious ideas of Ikhnaton – Intellectual
developments
– Philosophy – Science – writing and literature – art and sculpture – social and economic life - legacy

Adolf Erman – Life in Ancient Egypt

Alexander Moret – The Nile and Egyptian Civilisation, New York.
Alfred Cyril – The Egyptians, New York
Jarries breasted.H – The History of Egypt, New York
------------------- - Ancient Records of Egypt
Leonard Collrell – Life under the pharaohs, New York
Mason. W.A. - History of the art of writing.
Maspero. G.C – Art in Ancient Egypt
Petric. W.M.F – Social Life in Ancient Egypt, Boston
Shorter. A.W – Introduction to Egyptian Religion
 --------------- - Every day life in Ancient Egypt
Smith G.E - Ancient Egyptias and the origin of civilisation.

II. Ancient Chinese Civilisation

Beginning of human settlement in China – Emergence of dynastic period – The Shangs – The chou
dynasty and their achievements in Literature, Politics, material culture, Philosophy and intellectual
fields – The Chin dynasty and their achievements – The Hans and their contributions.

A.F. Wright – Budhism in chinese history

H.G. Creel – The Birth of Chaina

----------------- Confucius, the man and the myth.
K.A. Wittfogel –History of Chinese
SocietyLatourette –The Chinese, their history
and culture
------------- - A short history of the far east.
O. Siren – A history of early chinese
art W.H.Mallory Chaina, land of
famine
W.M. Mc Govern –The Early Empires of Central
Asia Y.L.Fung – history of chinese philosophy
III. The Greek Civilisation
The Homeric age – The Evaluation of city states – Athens and Sparta – Characteristic features –
Athenian Democracy - Wars – Macedonian Conquests – Hellenic Philosophy – Science – Literature
– Art and architecture – Slave Mode of Production-Legacy of Greek civilisation
A.R. Burn – Perecles and Athence
Abbot Evelym- Pericles and the Golden age of
Athence. Bamb Gascoigne – 2003 -The Dynastics of
China
C P Fitgerald -2006- Ancient China
Dale Anderson – 2005-Ancient China
Earest Barker–Greek Political
Philosophy
Elaine Landan – 2005-Exploring Ancient china
Fowler H.N –A history of ancient Greek Literature
Glorer. T.R – Democracy in the ancient
world H.Mitchell – Sparta
John F Vhinnrty – 2008- Treasures of China
----------------- –The glonis of the kingdom of
DragonLatourette - A short history of the forcast
Livingston R.W (ed) – The Legacy of
Greece Mahaffy.J.P – Social life in Greece from
homer to menandev
 Gresy Wolf, 2005-Ancient African
Civilisations (ed) T.G.Tucker – Life in ancient
Athence.
Triever. A.A – History of Ancient Civilisations
IV. Ancient American Civilisations – Incas and Mayans – City States and early settlements –
Main centres of culture – Economic activities – Religion – Writings and Numerical System –
Calendar System – Nature of Government- Art and Architecture – Science and technology .

Leonard Everttee Fisher – 2009- Gods and Goddess of Ancient

mayas Sunita Apte – 2010- The Aztic Empire
Sheila Wybormy – 2004-The Coreal civilisations
Sandra Newmen -2010- The Inca Empire
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 1A 01 Personality Development Audit 4

Ability Enhancement Course (AEC)

Paper I: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Objectives
This is an Ability Enhancement Course, which is not a part of regular classroom teaching. The
students should complete this course making use of their facilities including the online platforms.
The Department will conduct the examination at the end of the semester. This course focus to
provide the students with the methods and significance of personality development. It discusses the
different methods and steps to improve and mould their personality under the changing
circumstances. It inculcates the sense of responsibility towards the society to the students and
enables them to achieve community feeling, moral qualities and a civilised outlook. Moreover, it
enables them to mould a secular outlook and fraternity feeling by providing self-confidence and
courage to handle emergencies in our society.
Learning Outcome
• It enables the student to develop the quality of leadership.
• It enables the student to shape and mould their destiny.
• It enables the student to develop the spirit of initiative, courage and a sense of social
responsibility.
• It enables the student to develop qualities like cooperation, team spirit and empathy towards
the poor.
• It enables the student to undertake innovative and industrious projects.
• It enables the student to provide a quick and apt response to the challenges posed and
demonstrate their organisational ability.

Module – I: Image Building and Self Awareness

Aptitude and personality assessment and testing - Developing Self Awareness - Projecting a
winning personality - How to match the peer group expectations as a professional - How to be a
consistent Performer - Power of Positive thinking - Developing Competitive coping Mechanism -
Understanding Professional Etiquette - Professional Mannerism and Social Science Professional
Module – II: How to face an Interview
Motivation activities, leadership activities, team building activities, assertiveness activities, time
management techniques - Stress management techniques, creativity and ideation - Basic
communication skills- listening skills and barriers; JAM sessions, debates, elocution, etc. -
persuasive communication, convincing Skills, conversations - Motivation – Developing Soft skills -
Personal grooming - preparation for interview – Resume writing - Types, contents, formats -
Interview handling - do’s and don’ts
Module – III: Professional Etiquettes

19
Formal Look – Understanding the demands of the profession - get together Peer to Peer
communication - Work ethics - Hierarchy communication - Handling complaints and grapevine -
Developing professionalism - Developing and maintaining social contacts

Reference
Barun K. Mitra, Personality Development and Soft skills, OUP, New Delhi, 2016.
Nidhi Tibrewal, Discover Yourself, Partridge India, 2016
Stephen R. Covey, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, Free Press, 1989
Gopika Kumar, Personal Power Equation, Adhyyan Books, 2018.

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 1A 02 Travel and Tourism Management Audit 4

Ability Enhancement Course (AEC)

Paper II: Travel and Tourism Management

Objectives
This is an Ability Enhancement Course, which is not a part of regular classroom teaching. The
students should complete this course making use of their facilities including the online platforms.
The Department will conduct the examination at the end of the semester. The course will help the
students to learn the basics of the travel and tourism management profession and help them to do it
as a part- time job or apprenticeship. History plays an important role in the tourism industry. Many
of the major tourism sites are historical sites. Thus students can act as tourist guides and also will be
successful as travel writers particularly in cultural or heritage tourism.

Learning Outcome
• Enable the student to evaluate the types of tourism.
• Enable the student to analyse tourism concepts.
• Enable the student to locate the potential tourism sites in their area.
• Enable the student to demonstrate their skill as cultural or heritage tourism writers.

Module 1: Tourism Concepts

Definitions and Historical development of tourism – Growth of travel through ages - Types of
tourist-Visitor Excursionist - Types and Forms of Tourism - characteristic Model of tourism system-
Leiper’s Model - Components of tourism - characteristics and classification of tourist
Module 2: Basic components and types of Tourism
Tourism Statistics - type and method of measurement - Classification on elements of tourism -
Types of tourist motivation and classification - Domestic and International tourism – features -
pattern of growth – profile - domestic tourism in the state of Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Gujrat, Goa and Kerala - analysis of International destination of USA, UK, France, China and
Malaysia
Module 3: Impact of Tourism
Positive and Negative Impacts of Tourism - Socio Cultural, Economic, Environmental and Political
- Tourism Organizations - Objectives and Role of ITDC, ASI, TFCI, Ministries of Railways and
Civil Aviation - National and International organizations and associations - IATO, TAAI, FHRAI,
WTO, ICAO, FAITH and IATA
References
Chunky Gee et-al, Travel Industry
Holloway, J. C., The Business of tourism, Pitman Publishing, London, 1994.
Mill and Morisson, Tourism Systems
Medlik, S., Understanding tourism, Oxford, 1997
Prannath Seth, Successful Tourism Management
P.C. Sinha, Tourism Management, Vol - 4
R. Gartner, Tourism Development
J.K. Sharma, Tourism Planning and
Development Sagar Singh, Studies in Tourism
Cooper C., Fletcher J., Gilbert D and Wanhil. S, Tourism: Principles and Practices
McIntosh, R.W., Tourism: Principles and Practices
Burkart & Medlik, Tourism : Past, Present and Future
S.P. Gupta, Krishna Lal, Mahua Bhatacharya, Cultural Tourism in India

SEMESTER II
Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 2C01 History and Theory Core 5

HIS 2C01- History and Theory

Objectives
The present course on ‘History and Theory’ is designed primarily to familiarize the student
with the theoretical background of the discipline of history. Indeed, this course will assist the
student in nurturing his critical thinking and logical conclusions based on theoretical models of
various schools of thought. The relation between the classical theory, modern theories and of post-
modern times etc. are discussed in detail.
Learning Outcomes
• Ability to locate the post-enlightenment stream of historical thought
• Ability to understand classical social theories
 • Ability to evaluate the methodological innovations of Annales school
• Ability to demonstrate Methodological debates and contemporary trends.

I. Enlightenment and the perception of historical past – Vico- Hume and Herder- Romanticism-
Nationalism - Positivism and History as Science- Rankean Positivism -Critics of positivism-
Hegelian philosophy of History.

II. History and Classical Social theory- Weber and ideal type - Durkheim and Social Fact. –Marx
and Historical Materialism – modes of production - Structural Marxism – Critical theory – Social
History –Historical Anthropology - New Historicism- Human Geography -

III. The Annales – the Agenda of Total History- Braudelian Concepts of Structures – Conjuncture
and Event - history of mentalities and emotions- History from Below- Histories of Oppression –
Gender History – History of Slavery – History of South Asian Caste system.

IV. Methodological Debates and Contemporary Trends - Methodological Individualism and

Holism - Structure and Agency- Essentialism and Relativism – Truth and Objectivity -Foucault and
the history of power - Bourdieu and Reflexive Social Science – Indian Debate on Experience and
Theory- Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai.

Readings:
A Munslow, Deconstructing History.
A. V. Cicourel eds. Advances in Social Theory and Methodology, Routledge
& Kegan Paul, London, 1981 Alex Callinicos, Making History, Agency,
Structure, and Change in Social Theory, Brill, London.
Alex Callinicos, Social theory: A Historical
Introduction, Wiley, 2007. Alun Munslow, Narrative
and History, Palgrave 2007.
Andre Burguiere, The Annales School, An Intellectual History,
Cornell University Press, 2009. Anthony Giddens, Central
Problems in Social Theory (Hutchinson, London, 1977)
Aram Veeser, The New
Historicism, Routledge, 2016 C
Wright Mills, Sociological
Imagination.
C. Wright Mills, Sociological
Imagination, Pelican book David
Seddon, Relations of Production
E Bentley, A Companion to
Historiography E H Carr,
What is History
G. Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness, London Merlin Press, 1971
G.A. Cohen, Karl Marx’s Theory of History London 1978
Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukai, Cracked Mirror: An Indian Debate on
Experience and Theory, OUP, New Delhi, 2010.
Gopal Guru and Sundar Sarukkai, Cracked Mirror: An Indian Debate on
Experience and Theory, OUP 2015 Ishita Banerjee- Dube, Caste in History, OUP,
New Delhi, 2008.
J. Habermas, Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, Polity Press, London
J. Habermas, The Theory of Communicative Action 2 vols. Heinemann,
London Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Post-modern Condition: A Report on
Knowledge (The Manchester University Press, 1986
Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt and Margaret Jacob, Telling the
Truth About History Keith Jenkins, Rethinking History.
Keith Lehrer, Theory of Knowledge (Routledge, London,
1990) Leonie J Archer, [ed] Slavery and Other forms of
Unfree Labour, Rutledge, London 1988 M C Lemon, The
Philosophy of History, Mark Day, the Philosophy of
History: An introduction, Viva Continuum,2008 Matt
Perry, Marxism and History, Palgrave,2012
Michael Foucault, The Order of Things, Vintage Books, New York,
1973 Morton Klass, Caste: The Emergence of South Asian Social
System, Manohar, New Delhi ,1993 Nancy Partner and Sarah R I
Foot, The Sage Hand book of Historical theory, Sage,2013.
Paul Feyerabend, Against Method (Verso Edition, London, 1984)
Paul Gilroy, The Black Atlantic, Modernity and Double Consciousness, Verso, London, 2002.
Perry Anderson, In the Tracks of Historical Materialism,
London 1983 Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution,
Polity Press, Cambridge, 1990. Pierre Bourdieu, Outline of a
Theory of Practice, Cambridge University, 1977. R G
Collingwood, The
Idea of History
Raphel Samuel, [ed] People’s History and Socialist Theory
Raymond Aron, Main Currents in Sociological Thought, vol. 2, Pelican Book
Robert Burns Hugh Rayment-Pickad , Philosophies of History; From
Enlightenment to Post Modernity, Blackwell, London.
Royce A. Singleton, Approaches to Social Research Oxford, University Press, New
York, 1993
Sasibhushan Upadhyay, Historiography in the modern WorldWestern and Indian
Perspectives, OUP,2016. Stephen Davies, Theory and History,
Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolulions (University of Chicago
Press, 1970)
Trevor Barnes and Derek Gregory, Reading Human Geography: The Poetics
and Politics of Enquiry, Arnold London.
Willinam J. Goods & Paul K. Hatt, Methods in Social Research, (Mcgraw-HilI Book
Company, 1981)
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 2C02 History of Modern Kerala: Core 5
Problems and Perspectives

HIS 2C02 - History of Modern Kerala: Problems and Perspectives

This paper is intended to teach students the making of united Kerala through conceptualizing the
Kerala region through historical writings and other forces in action. The making of united Kerala
was a result of the experiences shared by colonialism and resistance to it. These included the
working of modernity, nationalism, reform activities and many contradictions involved in it.
Objectives
Major objectives set in the syllabus are the following
1. Teaching the writing of Kerala history in the colonial period leading to the understanding of
the geographical and cultural geography
2. Teach students the transformation of Kerala in the age of colonialism and appropriation and
resistances of the Malayali people in various forms
3. Impart an understanding of the reform of Kerala society during the period. It was taking in a
quick way which is marked as movements and activities of individuals in the society.
4. The realization of United Kerala was a result of the dreams set by different groups of people
in society. These interests clashed with each other and reached some other results. The sylla-
bus intends to teach students problems involved in it in a critical manner
Learning Outcomes
Students are expected to achieve the following
1. Understand the modernization of Kerala society and its process
2. Acquire the ability to examine the transformation of society in a critical manner
3. Lear the underplay of different forces in the making of changes in the society
4. Identify newer problems for further study and investigation in modern history

I. Colonial and modern historiography

Early Surveys and Administrators- Buchanan - Missionary Writings – Samuel Matteer and Gundert-
Gazetteers and Manuels- William Logan, Nagam Aiya and Velu Pillai- search for Primary sources –
Babington, Bruce Foot- colonial ethnography – Edgar Thurston and L K Anantha Krishna Aiyar.
Histories of princely states – Travancore and cochin-Emergence of modern Historiography- K P
Padmanabha Menon – imagination of historical past of Kerala by the social reformers and
nationalists- development of scientific histories- emerging trends in history writings in Kerala-
ecology and environmental histories – women and gender history – Dalit subaltern history- peasant
history-history of caste slavery- history of communities - local history- intersectional histories –
critical histories.
II. Modern Kerala and the phases of change
Kerala in the 18th century -changes in the economy and society -Mysorean rule in administration
and land relations - colonialism in Kerala- from trade to conquest- changes in property and legality -
governance and administrative practices- missionary activism in social life - changes in agriculture-
industry and social classes-formation of public sphere.
III. Social modernization and reform process
Caste and social reform-religious reform- the idea of ‘Renaissance’ – lower caste protests and the
radical agenda in the reform process- social reformers and their positions and strategies-- notions of

historical past by reformers- Poykayil Appachan and Chattampi swamikal - Literature and social
imaginations -novel as historical knowledge- Indulekha and Saraswathi Vijayam

IV. Formation of united Kerala

National movement and radical politics -popular movements –formation of united Kerala- land
reform and its consequences- land reform and landlessness among the Adivasis and Dalits-
development experiences- literacy and health care- socio-economic inequality and Kerala model
development.

Readings:
A P Ibrahim Kunju, Mappila Muslims of Kerala.
A P Ibrahim Kunju, Mysore Kerala Relations in 18 th Century
A Sreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History, DC Books,
Kottayam. A Sreedhara Menon, Makers of Modern Kerala
Adrain C Mayer, Land and Society in Malabar.
Andalat, Rekha illatha Charithram,
Ashin Dasgupta, Malabar in Asian Trade
B Shobhanan, S Ramachandran Nair and K J John, History of freedom Movement in Kerala
C Balan, Reflections on Malabar, NAS College Kanhangad, 2000.
C Kesavan, Jivitha samaram
Charles Dias, [ed], Kerala Spectrum: Aspects of Cultural Inheritance, Indo-Portuguese Cultural
Institute, Cochi,2006.
Dilip M Menon, Caste Nationalism and Communism in South India
Dilip M Menon, The Blindness of Insight: Essays on Caste in Modern India, Navayana, New
Delhi2006.
Donald Herring, Land to the Tiller: The Political Economy of Agrarian Reform in South Asia, Yale
University Press, 1983.
E K G Nambiar, Agrarian India Problems and Perspectives, Association for Peasant Studies
University of Calicut,1999.
E M S Nampoothiripad, Keralam Malayalikalute Mathrubhumi [1948] Chintha Publishers,
Thiruvanandapuram 2016.
Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai, Ilamkulam Kunjanpillayute therenjeduth krithikal, N Sam [ed],
International Center for Kerala Stuies University of Kerala , Thiruvanandapuram, 2005.
G Arunima , There Comes Papa: Colonialism and the Transformation of Matriliny in Kerala,
Malabar,
c. 1850-1940, Orient BlackSwan, 2003.
George K Lieten, The First Communist Ministry in Kerala
George Mathew, Communal Road to Secular Kerala
Govindan Parayil, Kerala The Development Experience: Reflections on Sustainability and
Replicability, Zed Books, 2000.
J Devika, Engendering Individuals: The Language of Re-Forming in Twentieth Century Keralam,
Orient Longman, 2007.
K Gopalankutty, Malabar Padanangal
K K Kochu, Dalithan, D C Books, Kottayam, 2019.
K K N Kurup, History of Agrarian Struggle in
Kerala K K N Kurup, Modern Kerala.
K K N Kurup, Pazhasi Samarangal
K M Panikkar, A History of Kerala1498-1801.
K N Ganesh, Culture and Modernity: Historical Explorations, Calicut University, 2004.
K N Ganesh, Keralathinte Innalakal, State Institute of Languages, Thiruvananthapuram, 2011.
K N Ganesh, Malayaliyute Deshakalangal, Raspberry Books, Calicut,2016.
K N Panikar, Against Lord and State: Religion and Peasants Uprising in Malabar
K N Panikar, Culture, Ideology and Hegemony.
K N Shaji [ed], SreeNarayana Guru Jivithavum Krithikalum.
K P Aravindan [ed], Kerala Padanam, KSSP, Thrissur, 2006
K P Padmanabhamenon, Kochirajyacharithram, Mathrubhumi, Calicut.
K Ramachandran Nair, The History of Trade Union Movement in
Kerala.
K Saradamoni, Matriliny Transformed: Family, Law and Ideology in Twentieth Century, Sage
Publication, New Delhi,1999.
Koji Kawashima, Missionaries in a Hindu State
Luisa Steur, Indigenist Mobilisation: Confronting Electoral Communism and Precarious
Livelihoods in Post Reform Kerala, OUP, New York 2017.
M P Mujeebu Rehman and K S Madhavan [Eds], Explorations in South Indian History,
SPCS,Kottayam 2014.
M P Mujeeebu Rehman, The Other Side of the Story: Tipu Sultan, Colonialismand Resistance in
Malabar, SPCS/National Book Stall, Kottayam, 2016.
M P Parameshvaran and K Rajesh [eds], Kerala Vikasanam: Oru JanaPaksha Sameepanam, KSSP,
Thrissur, 2015.
M R Raghava Varier, Village Communities in Pre-Colonial Kerala
M S S Pandian, Brahmins and Non-Brahmins
Manojkumar P.S., Shaping of Rights: Jati and Gender in Colonial Keralam, Meena Book Publications,
Delhi, 2019.
Margret Frenz, From Contact to Conquest,
Mathias Mundadan, History of Christianity in Kerala
Mathias Mundadan, History of Early Christianity.
MSA Rao, Social Reform in Kerala
N Gopakumaran Nair, Reimagining Histories, Current Books, Kottayam, 2019.
Nicholas Dirks, the Hollow Crown
P Bhaskaran Unni, Pathonpatham Nootttandile Keralam, Kerala Sahithya Academy Thrissur, 2012
P K Balakrishnan [Ed], Sree Narayana Guru.
P K Balakrishnan, Jati Vyavasthayum Keralacharithravum [1983] DCBooks, Kottayam,2008
P Radhakrishnan, Land Reform, Agrarian Struggle and Social Change.
Panmana Ramchandran Nair [ed], Kerala Samskara Padanangal, 2 vols, Current Books, Kottayam
2013.
Peter Robb, [ed], Dalit Movements and the Meaning of Labour in India.
Pradeepan Pampirikunnu, Narayanaguru : Punarvayanakal, Progress Publication, Calicut 2016.
R Frykenburg,[ed], Land Control and Social Structure in Indian History
Rekha Raj, ‘Dalit Women as Political Agents: A Kerala Experience’, in the Problem of Caste
[ed], Satish Deshpande,Orient Black swan, Hydrabad,2014.
Robin Jeffrey , The Decline of Nair Dominance: Society and Politics in Travancore, Vikas Publishing
House ,New Delhi,1990.
Robin Jeffrey, Politics, Women and Wellbeing
S Chandramohanan, Developmental modernity in Kerala : Narayanaguru,SNDP and Social
Reform,Tulika New Delhi,2019.
Sanal Mohan, Modernity of Slavery, OUP, Delhi 2015.
Sebastian Joseph [ed] ,On Present[in/g History , DC Books , Kottayam, 2017.
Sebastian Joseph, Cochin Forest and the British: Techno Ecological imperialism in India, Primus,
New delhi, 2016.
P J Cherian [ed], Perspectives on Kerala History, KCHR, Thiruvanandapuram, 1999.
Susan Bailey, Saints, Goddesses and Kings
T C Varghese, Agrarian Change and Economic Consequences: Land Tenures in Kerala, Allied
Publishers, Bombay, 1970.
T K Ravindran, Asan and Social Revolution
T Muhammedali, Social Scape and Locality : Themes in Kerala History, Other Books, Calicut, 2017
T Muhammedali, Histories Unbounded, Current Books, Kottayam, 2019.
V V Haridas and Haskerali [eds], Multicultures of South India, Karnataka State Open University
Mysore, 2015.
V V Kunjikrishnan, Tenancy Legislation in Malabar
V V Swami and E V Anil [eds], Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha: Orma, Pattu, Charithra Rekhakal,
Adiyar Deepam Publication, Thiruvalla, 2010.
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 2C03 State and Society in Medieval India Core 5

HIS 2C03 - State and Society in Medieval India

Objectives
The course, ‘State and Society in Medieval India’ is primarily intended to nurture a critical
understanding of the history of medieval India, which is often represented as ‘dark age’ in tune with
the colonial stereotyping. The student will be made capable of the method of analyzing various
theories and facts as the output of recent research. The themes of the course will be analysed
escorted with critical thinking so that can be nurtured a skill of analyzing the course of history
devoid of religious or another form of biases, and by which the student will be having acquainted
with the scientific temper of research.
Learning Outcomes
• Ability to locate Historiographical understanding of medieval India
• Ability to understand aspects of state and society of medieval India
• Ability analyze the transformation of religion and social stratification in medieval India
• Ability to demonstrate the growth of science, technology and culture

Module I: Historiographical Understanding of the Medieval India

Medieval in Colonial perspectives- stereotypical constructs- myth of hostile religions- equating
religion and State- ‘Islamic State’- representation of [despotic] State, [closed] economy and
[stagnant] society ; Nationalist Writings- response to colonial writers- approval of colonial
stereotypes- Nationalistic enthusiasm; Marxist Understanding- Perspectival changes- challenging
the colonial and nationalist approach- focus to economic aspects - periodization- factors and
relations of production –Land and property rights .
Module II: State and Economy in Medieval India
Concept of state in medieval India- theories- imperial polities in medieval India (Turkish, Afghan &
Mughal)- Sultan- nobility & Ulema- structure of administration: iqta, mansab, jagir- Revenue
administration- mode of Assessments- batai, Zabt, Dahsala, Kankut etc.
Nature of Mughal State- Debate; Decline of Mughal State- Theories
South Indian Polity- nature-Debate
Regional Powers: Rajputs- Marathas- Bahmini- Aspects of State
Local administration: administrative divisions- local ruling classes (chieftains, zamindars and
village oligarchies)- Village community- Balutadars, ayagars etc.
Process of Production and Exchange: Agriculture- Industry- Shipping -Trade- types- Local,
Overland, Overseas- Exports- imports- Ports- Markets- Urbanization.
Module III: Religion and Social stratification in Medieval India
Islam- spread- growth- theories-popular Islam-Sufism- syncretic culture.
Guru Nanak and Sikhism- Ideals- spread
social stratification-Caste- purity/ pollution-caste oppression- practice of untouchability- influence
of Islam- Bhakthi movement- Saint Poets- Shaivism- Vaishnavism.
Position of women- Domestication- Involvement in Production process.
Module IV: Science Technology and Culture
Scientific Inventions- Mathematics- astronomy- medicine- Technological advancement –
Literary contributions- Persian, Sanskrit and regional languages- Encounters of Cultures-
Architecture and Painting-

Reading List
Mohammed Habib, Studies in Medieval Indian Polity and Culture, The Delhi Sultanat and its
Times,
[edited by Irfan Habib], OUP, 2016.
Irfan Habib, Medieval India. The Study of a Civilization, NBT , 2008.
------------------, Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556-1707, OUP, New Delhi, 2000(1963)
-----------------, Essays in Indian History, Tulika, New Delhi, 1995
, Technology in Medieval India, 650-1750, Tulika, New Delhi, 2016 (2008).
------------------, Interpreting Indian History, NEHU Publishing,
Shillong. Satish Chandra, History of Medieval India, 2007.
----------------, Essays on Medieval Indian History , OUP, 2003
Jackson, The Delhi Sultanate, A Political and Military History, CUP, 1999
Sunil Kumar, Emergence of Delhi Sultanate,AD1198-1286, Permanent Black,
2010. J.F.Richards, The Mughal Empire, CUP, 2016
Stewart Gordon, The Marathas, CUP, 1998
Stephen P Blake, Shajahanabad, the Sovereign City in Mughal india,1639-1739, CUP,New
Delhi, 1993
Nurul Hasan, Religion, State and Society in Medieval India, 2005
Ibn Hasan, Central Structure of the Mughal Empire, Munshiram Manoharlal, 1936
R.M. Eaton ed., India’s Islamic Traditions, 711-1750, OUP,
2006 Harbans Mukhia, Mughals of India, Wiley-
Blackwell, 2004
Muzaffar Alam & Subrahmanyam, eds., The Mughal State, OUP,
2000 Herman Kulke ed., The State in India 1000-1700, OUP, 1995
Farhat Hasan, State and Locality in Mughal India, Power Relations in Western India: 1527-
1730,
Cambridge University Press, New York, 2004.
Athar Ali, Mughal India: Studies in Polity, Ideas Society and Culture, OUP,
2008 Audrey Truschke, Culture of Encounters, Penguine, 2016
-----------------, Aurangazeb the Man and the Myth, Penguine, 2017
Burton Stein, Peasant, State and Society in Medieval South India, OUP, 1980
Catherine B Asher, Mughal Architecture, CUP, 1992
Richard M. Eaton, Essays on Islam and Indian History, OUP, 2002, chapter: 4-
“Temple Desecration and Indo-Muslim States” (pp. 94-132); Chapter 6:
Articulation of Islamic Space in Medieval Deccan(pp. 159-188); Chapter8: “Sufi
Folk Literature and the Expansion of Indian Islam” (pp.189- 2020); Chapter11:
“Who Were Bengali Muslims?” (pp.249-275) etc.
K. M. Ashraf, Life and Conditions of People of Hindustan, New Delhi, 1970.
Peter Hardy, Historians of Medieval India, Studies on Indo- Muslim Historical Writings,
Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1997(London, 1960).
G. F. Hourani, Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Medieval Times,
Princeton University Press, New Jersy, 1951.
Shireen Moosvi, People Taxation and Trade in Mughal India, OUP, 2010 (2008)
, Episodes in the Life of Akbar, NBT, New Delhi, 2009 (1996)
Mohibul Hasan, ed., Historians of Medieval India, Meenakshi Prakasan, New Delhi,
1983. Francis Robinson, “Islam and Muslim Society in South Asia”, in idem,
Islam and Muslim History in South Asia, OUP, 2003.

K.A. Nizami, Some Aspects of Religion and Politics in India During 13th Century, Delhi,
2009 (1961,1974).
----------------, On History and Historians of Medieval India, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi,
1983. Ashindas Gupta & M.N. Pearson, India and Indian Ocean , 1500-1800, OUP, Delhi,
1987.
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 2C04 Selected Problems of Medieval and Modern World Core 5
History

HIS 2C04 - SELECTED PROBLEMS OF MEDIEVAL AND MODERN WORLD HISTORY

Objectives
This course will discuss how the economic, cultural and technological changes contributed to the
emergence of the modern period in world history. The student will understand major turning points
in world history and how they influenced the history of mankind.
Learning Outcome
• Enable the students to analyse the medieval and modern periods of world history in a
comprehensive manner.
• Enable the students to identify major historiographical positions on the transition from the medieval
to the modern period.
• Enable the students to evaluate the ideologies of the renaissance, enlightenment and French Revolu-
tion that shaped the life of people.

MODULE I: Medieval Societies

Feudal Society in Europe- Economy- Religion and Culture- Christianity- Islam
MODULE II: Transition from Medieval to Modern
Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism-Debate- Maurice Dobb, Paul M Sweezy, Polanyi, etc. -
Absolutism in Europe
MODULE III: Emergence of Modern World
Intellectual Trends- Renaissance- Enlightenment- Idea of Progress, Humanism, Secularism
and Rationalism- French revolution- Background and Impact.
MODULE IV: Rise and growth of Colonialism and Nationalism
Colonization of Asia and Africa (China, West Asia and Algeria)- Different tactics of
National Movement- Nationalism in Europe.

Reading List
Maurice Dobb - Studies in the Development of Capitalism, Aakar Books,
delhi, 2006.
T. H. Aston, C.H.E. Philipin, (eds.) - The Brenner Debate: Agrarian
Class Structure and Economic Development
in Pre-Industrial Europe, CUP, 2005.
Paul M. Sweezy - The Theory of Capitalist Development, K.P. Bagchi and
Co., Kolkotta, 2002(1942).
Karl Polanyi - The Great Transformations, Beacon Press, Boston, 1990.
Karl Polanyi, Conrad m. Anensberg & Harry W. Pearson eds. - Trade and
Markets in the Early Empires, Economics in History and Theory, The Free Press, New
York, 1957. Benedict Anderson - Lineages of the Absolutist State,
Verso, London, 1974
-------------------, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, Verso,
London, 1996(1974) Marc Bloch - The Feudal Society, 2 vols.,
1962
J.N. Ganshof - Feudalism,
Marshall Hogdson - Venture of Islam,
Henry Pirrenne - Muhammed and Charlemagne,
-----------------------, Economic and Social History of Europe, Routledge & Kegan Paul,
London, 1972 (1936)
Anthony D Smith - Nationalism: Theory,
Ideology, History Albert Soboul - The
French Revolution 1787- 1799 A.R.Hall - The
Scientific Revolution 1500- 1800
Carlton Hayes and Margereta Faissler - Modern Times: The
French Revolution Donald F. Lach - Europe and Modern
World since 1870
E.J.Hobsbawm - Age of Revolution
1789- 1848 E.J.Hobsbawm - Age of Capital-
1848-1875 E.J.Hobsbawm - Industry
and Empire
E.P.Thompson - The Making of English
Working Class Egon Friedall - Cultural History of
the Modern Age Frantz Fanon - A Dying
Colonialism
Georges Lefebvre - The Coming of the
French Revolution George Basalla - The
Rise of Modern Science
Hamsa Alavi - Capitalism and colonial Production
J.F. Lively - The Enlightenment
J.D. Bernal - Science in History
Lenin - Imperialism: The Highest stage of
Capitalism Maurice Dobb - Studies in the
Development of Capitalism Michael Hadson -
Imperialism
Partha Chatterjee - The Nation and its
Fragments Robin Blackburn - Ideology
in Social Science Tom Kemp - Theories
of Imperialism
S.J.Wolf (ed) - European Fascism
T.S. Ashton - The Industrial
Revolution John Hermann Randall -
Making of the Modern
Mind

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 2A 01 Indian Numismatics Audit 4

Professional Competency Course

(PCC) PAPER I : INDIAN

NUMISMATICS

Objectives
This is a Professional Competency Course, which is not a part of regular classroom teaching. The
students should complete this course making use of their facilities including the online platforms.
The College will conduct the examination at the end of the semester. This course helps the student
to estimate the importance of Numismatics to study the economic ideology of India and develop a
critical attitude to analyse the historical transformation of Indian society and culture from the time
of Indo-Greeks. It enables the student to differentiate the social conditions before and after the mint
culture and realise how the monetary economy facilitated the advancement of the Indian economy.
The study of Numismatics helps the student to develop scientific and critical thinking about the
evolution of economic history.
Learning Outcome
 • It enables the student to evaluate the urbanisation and market system of our country and the
economic basis of various institutions developed in early, medieval and modern India.
• It enables the student to identify various types of coins issued including punch-marked and
minted coins.
• It enables the student to analyse the economic condition under various dynasties in early and
medieval India.
• It enables the student to correlate with other sources of history and provide them with fresh
inferences.
Module 1: Introduction to Numismatics
Numismatography: History of Numismatic Studies in India - Provenance of Coin: Findings from
Archaeological excavations and Stratigraphic relevance, Stray findings, Hoards, Private and Public
Collections
Module 2: Study of Ancient Indian Coinage
Different categories of the coins and weight standard as linked from the historical text:
Shatamana, Vimshatik and Karshapana series - Punch-Marked Coins - Coins of Indo-Greek -
Coinage of the Kushanas - Coins of the Satavahanas and Contemporary Rulers - Coins of the
Western Kshatrapas - Coins of the Sangama Period: Chera, Chola and Pandya - Distribution of
Roman Coins in India - Coins of the Guptas -Scripts - Brahmi, Kharoshthi and Greek
Module 3: Chemical and Statistical Analyses of Coins
Recent advancement in numismatic studies - Metallurgy of Coins - Minting Techniques -
Destructive and Non-destructive methods of Analysis - Statistical Analysis: Frequency Tables and
Histograms - Coin Cleaning: Treatment and Preservation - Identification of coins, preparation of
coin catalogue and report writing

References
Allan, J., Catalogue of Coins of Ancient India, London, 1935.
Altekar, A.S., Catalogue of Coins of the Gupta Empire, Varanasi, 1937.
Chattopadhyaya, Bhaskar, The Age of the Kushanas – A Numismatic Study, Calcutta, 1967.
Chattopadhyaya, Brajdulal, Coins and Currency System in South India, Delhi, 1977.
Datta, Mala, A Study of the Satavahana coinage, Delhi, 1990.
Elliot, W., Coins of South India, Varanasi, Reprint 1970.
Gardener, P., The Coinage of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in British Museum,
London, 1886.
Goyal, S.R., Dynastic Coins of Ancient India, Jodhpur, 1995.
Gupta, P.L., Coins, New Delhi, 1979.
Gupta, P.L. and T.R. Hardaker, Ancient Indian Silver Punch-Marked Coins of the Magadha – Maurya
Karshapana Series, Nasik, 1985.
Krishnamurti, R., Sangam Age Tamil Coins, Madras, 1997.
Sahni, Birbal, The Technique of Casting Coins in Ancient India, Varanasi, 1973.
Sarma, I.K., Coinage of the Satavahana Empire, Delhi, 1980.
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 2A 02 Archival Studies Audit 4

Professional Competency Course (PCC)

PAPER II : ARCHIVAL STUDIES

Objectives
This is a Professional Competency Course, which is not a part of regular classroom teaching.
The students should complete this course making use of their facilities including the online
platforms. The College will conduct the examination at the end of the semester. This paper
introduces the essential concepts, ideas and methods of archival studies. It also familiarizes the
student with various scientific methods of preservation of historical document. It also will equip the
student to preserve the documents and by which may open professional opportunities in this field.

Learning Outcome
• Ability to understand major concepts of the archival studies
• Ability to evaluate the changes in various methods of preservation in various parts of
the world
• Ability to analyse the process of preservation of archival records
• Ability to demonstrate the preservation techniques

MODULE I: Archives and Archival studies

Definitions- Meanings- History of Archives Keeping- Europe- USA- India- Ancient Period-
Medieval Period- Modern period.
Relations with State and Archives- Characteristics of Archives- Classification of Records- Archivist-
Private Archives.
MODULE II: Evolution of Modern Archives
Paper- Ink- Paints-Typewriters- Xerox- Packaging Materials- Collection of Records- Registry
System- Record Room- Digitalization-moving image archives and sound archives- micro film-
micro-fiche- film archives- oral history archives- online archives.
Archives in Modern India-British government-Maps, surveys, photographs- legal records- Folklore
and archives.
MODULE III: Uses and Functions of Archives
Uses- Historical Value- Administrative value- Collection of Statistical Data- Intellectual Value-
Social Value; Functions- Supply of Records to administrators and Researchers- Publication-
Library- Offering training- Weeding up of Records-.
MODULE IV: Methods of Organization and Preservation of Records
Organization- Europe- France- England- USA- India- Administration- Administration of National
Archives in India- Archival legislation in India-Appraisal of records- Record Management-
Transfer
of records to Archives- Arrangement of Records- Finding Aids- Methods of Preservation-
Preliminary and Precautionary measures- Preventive Measures- Methods of Preservation and Repair
of Archival Records- Control of insects- Thymol Fumigation- Thymol Chamber- Protective
measures- Bleaching Method- Re Sizing- Full Pasting- Backing- Chiffon Repair- Lamination-
Docketing- Guarding etc.

MODULE IV: Practical

Visit Kerala Regional Archives or any other archives and Prepare a report on any of the major
sources Preserved in it. (eg. British Survey Reports, Census Report)

Reference:
Muller, Feith and Furin, Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archive, H.W. Wilson Co.,
1968.
State Archives Department, An Introduction to the Kerala State Archives, Government of
Kerala,1975.
Schellemberg T. R., Modern Archives: Principles and Techniques, Melbourne, Australia, 1956.
Schellemberg T. R., The Management of Archive s, Columbia University Press, 1965
Scargil- Bird, Guide to Records in Public Records Office, London, 1896
Tolboys Wheeler J, Early Records of British India , 1878
Gregory Hunter, Developing and Maintaining Practical Archives, New York, 2003
Abdul Majeed C.P., Archival Science: Past Present and Future, Kottayam, 2017
Bhargava, K.D., An Introduction to the National Archives, New Delhi, 1958.
Cook Michael, Archives Administration, Dawson, 1977.
Guide to Archives Series, Regional Archives Department, Eranakulam.
Isaac Jayadhas, Archives Keeping, Villukury, 2012.
James B. Rhoads, The Role of Archives and Records Management in National Information System,
1983.
Daniel J Cohen and Roy Rosenzweig, Digital History:A Guide to Gathering, Preserving and
Presenting the Past on the Web, 2006.
Judith Ellis, Keeping Archives, Alta Mira Press, 2003.
 Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 2A 03 Perspectives on Museology Audit 4

Professional Complementary Course (PCC)

PAPER III - Perspectives on Museology

Objectives
This is a Professional Competency Course, which is not a part of regular classroom
teaching. The students should complete this course making use of their facilities including the
online platforms. The College will conduct the examination at the end of the semester. The museum
as one of the prominent repositories has a significant role in historical research. The paper titled,
Perspectives on Museology is intended to familiarize the theoretical aspects and techniques of
Museology to the students. It will enable the student to theoretically and practically organize the
museums.
Learning Outcome
• Ability to analyse the concepts and ideas related to museology
• Ability to compare and contrast various methods of organization of museums
• Ability to demonstrate the methods of museology
• Ability to evaluate the management strategies of museums

I. Introduction – Relevence and scope of Museology – Definition of Museology – History of

Development of Museums in the World and in India – Types of Museums – Role of
Museums in Society – Museums in the changing world.
II. Documentation in Museums – Collection of Museum articles – Theoritical issues and value
based collections – Methods and ethics of collection – History and conservation of
documentation – Computerisation and Multimedia.
III. Museum education – Meaning and role of Museum education – Tangible and intangible
heritage and its significance – Relation and relevance with history – archaeology –
anthropology – art and folk literature.
IV. Museum Management and Administration – Principles and stratagies of management in
Museums – principles of presentation – planning of gallary and exhibition – Types of
Museum lighting communication techniques – Label writing and audiovisual techniques –
Museum marketing scope and stratagy.
Reference:
A.Aiyappan and Satyamurti. S.T – Hand book of Museum technique.
Anupama Bhatnagar – Museums, Museology and New Museology
Balakrishna – Bibliography on Museology
D.P. Ghosh – Studus in Museology
J.N.Basu – Indian Museums and Movement
M.L. Nigam – Museums in India, Fundamentals of Museaology
Moley Grace – Museums today
S.F. Morkham and hangreaores.H – Museums of India.
S.J.Baxi and V.P. Dwivedi – Modern Museums.
 III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3C 01 Perspectives on Colonialism in India Core 5

HIS3C01 PERSPECTIVES ON COLONIALISM IN INDIA

Objectives

It attempts to identify the colonial development in India under the British colonial rule over two
centuries and under colonialism the Indian economy and society were completely subordinated
to the British economy and political control.

Learning Outcome

It enables the student to formulate the various issues on the colonial period about the colonial
administration and exploitation of Indian society.

Module I: Major Approaches to the History of Colonial India- colonial Historiography - Colonel Colin
Mackenzie and the Surveying of India – Nationalist Historiography-Marxist Historiography - Subaltern
Approach - Communalist Approach - Cambridge school

Module II: Emergence and Consolidation of Colonialism - Global factors leading to colonialism -
European settlements – Mercantilism - English East India Company - stages in the Economic
Consolidation - Revenue administration

Module III: Economic impact of British rule - de-industrialization - Famines in colonial India
commercialization of agriculture-impact of commercialization on rural society
Module IV : Women under colonialism-The colonial economy and women’s work- Professional
positions-factory work-women's organizations and labour issues- work in mines-new jobs in the city
maid servants and prostitutes

References

Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India: Economic Policies of
Indian National Leadership, 1880-1905, New Delhi, 1966.
Bipan Chandra, Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, New Delhi, 1979.
Bipan Chandra, et al., India's Struggle for Independence, 1857-1947, Viking, New Delhi, 1988.
Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India, New Delhi,
2004.
A. R. Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Bombay, 1948.

K.N. Panikkar, Culture Ideology and Hegemony: Intellectuals and Social Consciousness
in Colonial India, Anthem Press, 2002.

Geraldine Forbes, Women in Modern India, Cambridge, 1996.

Nicholas B. Dirks, Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India, Princeton,
2001.

Ania Loomba, Colonialism/ Post-Colonialism, Routledge, 1998.

Sumit Sarkar, Modern India, 1885-1947, New Delhi, 2014.

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3C 02 Discourses on Indian Nationalism Core 5

HIS 3C 02 DISCOURSES ON INDIAN NATIONALISM

Objectives
 The course enables the students to get an idea of the ‘discourse’ at the disciplinary level.
It will help to understand Foucault’s discourse analysis. It is an attempt to conceive the
nationalist realm from newer perspectives. It would tend to know different schools in the
approach of Indian nationalism. The course aims to understand gender, Dalit, minority and
regional versions of the nationalist paradigm.

Learning Outcome

The students will do their further works on the insights of discourse analysis. The course will be
strengthened their analytical capacity in Indian history with the expertise manner of nationalism
divergently. It will tend to democratic and constitutional values in this practical living world.

Module 1: Discourse and discourse analysis – knowledge and power - manifold nature of
nationalisms – classical and liberal nationalism – European conflicts on the basis of national
fervor – Indian middle class – colonial intellectuals – modern nation states – ‘imagined
communities’ – ‘political nationalism’ by Partha Chatterjee

Module 2: Ideology of the Indian National Congress (INC) – colonial discourse – various
movements – socio-economic awareness – drain theory – critique on the INC politics – religious
nationalism and cultural nationalism

Module 3: Discourse of National movement – Marxian, socialist and Cambridge Schools -

repressive measures of the colonialism – bourgeoisie – petition politics – moderate and
extremists – Bengali nationalism – Khilafat –women representation and gender consciousness –
dalit movements and subaltern discourses

Module 4: Gandhian discourse –– strategic agitations – Nehruvian practice – Subhash Chandra

Bose - Poona Pact -Ambedkarite intervention – Ramaswami Naicker and Dravidian movements
– an idea of Aikya Keralam - Quit India – Partition – Communalism – power relations

Readings:
A.R. Desai, The Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Popular Prakashan, 2005 (1948).
Anthony Smith, Theories of Nationalism, Holmes & Meier, New York, 1983.
AshisNandy: The Intimate Enemy: Loss of Self Under Colonialism, OUP, New Delhi, 1988.
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, Verso, London, 1965.
Bipan Chandra (ed.).,The Indian Left: Critical Appraisal, Vikas, New Delhi, 1983
Bipan Chandra, Communalism in Modern India, New Delhi, 1984.
Bipan Chandra, et al., India's Struggle for Independence, 1857-1947. Viking, New Delhi, 1988.
Bipan Chandra, Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, New Delhi, 1979.
Bipan Chandra, The Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India: Economic Policies of
Indian National Leadership, 1880-1905, New Delhi, 1966.
Christophe Jaffrelot, Ambedkar and Untouchability. Analysing and Fighting Caste, Permanent
Black, New Delhi, 2004.

Christophe Jaffrelot, Hindu Nationalism in India, Columbia University Press, 1998.

D. Rothermund: The Phases of Indian Nationalism and other essay.
David Hardiman: Gandhi: in his Time and Ours, Permanent Black, 2003.

Dianna Taylor, Michel Foucault: Key Concepts, Routledge, 2014.

Eugene F. Irschik, Politics and Social Conflict in South India, University of California Press,
1969.

Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism, Oxford: Blackwell, 1983.

G. Aloysius, Nationalism without a Nation in India, OUP, India, 1997.
Gee, James Paul and et al., The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis, Routledge, 2015.

GyanendraPandey, Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India, OUP, 1990.

Hobsbawn, E.J., Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, Cambridge
University Press, 1990.

Homi K Bhabha (ed.), Nation and Narration, Routledge, New York, 1990.

Homi K Bhabha, The Location of Culture, Routledge, London & New York, 1994.

J.R. McLane: Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress, Princeton University Press, 1977.
Job Roberts, Discourse on History, Wentworth Press, 2016.

Judith M. Brown, Gandhi and Civil Disobedience: Mahatma in Indian Politics 1028-34,
Judith M. Brown, Gandhi: A Prisoner of Hope, OUP, 1990.
Judith M. Brown, Gandhi’s Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915 – 1922, CUP, 1972.

Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid (eds.), Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History, Kali
for Women, New Delhi ,1989.

K.N. Panikkar, Culture Ideology and Hegemony: Intellectuals and Social Consciousness
in Colonial India, Anthem Press, 2002.

Partha Chatterjee, Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton
University Press, 1994.

Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse, University Of
Minnesota Press, 1993.
Paul Baker and Sibonile Ellece, Key Terms in Discourse Analysis, Continuum, London & New
York, 2011.
Penderel Moon (ed.), Wavell: A Viceroy’s Journal, London, 1971.
Penderel Moon, British Conquest and Dominion India, London, 1989.
Penderel Moon, Plain tales of the Raj, London, 1973.
Ronaldo Munck, The Difficult Dialogue: Marxism and Nationalism, Zed Books, 1986.
S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography (Vols. I and II), Harvard University Press, 1976
Shashi Joshi and Bhagwan Josh: The Struggle for Hegemony in India, 3 Vols., Sage, New Delhi,
1992.
Shahid Amin, Conquest and Community: The Afterlife of Warrior Saint Ghazi Miyan, Orient
Blackswan, New Delhi, 2015.
Shahid Amin, The Event, Metaphor and Memory: Chauri Chaura 1922 – 1992, University of
California Press, 1995.
Smith, A.D, Nationalism, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001.

Smith, A.D., National Identity, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1991.

Smith, A.D., The cultural foundations of nations: hierarchy, covenant and republic, Oxford:
Blackwell Publishing, 2008.

Subaltern Studies Series, Vols. 1-14, OUP, New Delhi.

Sudipta Kaviraj (ed.), Politics in India, OUP, India, 1999.

Sudipta Kaviraj, Civil Society: History and Possibilities, CUP, 2001.
Sudipta Kaviraj, Imaginary Institutions of India: Politics and Ideas, Columbia University Press,
2010.
Sudipta Kaviraj, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay
and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, OUP, New York, 1993.

Sudipta Kaviraj, Trajectories Of The Indian State: Politics And Ideas, Orient Blackswan, New
Delhi, 2004

Sumit Sarkar, Beyond Nationalist Frames, Permanent Black, 2002.

Sumit Sarkar, Critique on Colonial India, Papyrus, 2000.
Sumit Sarkar, Modern India: 1885-1947, Macmillan, 1989.
Sumit Sarkar, Popular Movements and Middle Class Leadership in late Colonial India, K.P.
Bagchi and Co. 2003.
Sumit Sarkar, Swadeshi Movement in Bengal: 1903-1908, People's Publishing House, 1973.
Sumit Sarkar, Writing Social History, OUP, 1998.
Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar, Women and Social Reform in Modern India, Orient Blackswan,
2007.

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3E 01 Emerging Trends in Early Indian Elective 4
History

HIS 3E 01 EMERGING TRENDS IN EARLY INDIAN HISTORY

Objectives
The course helps the students to understand the emerging trends by bringing to light the latest
developments in early Indian history. It helps them to understand how historical research is
advancing in early Indian history. The course covers a wide variety of areas of interest and
enables them to understand the recent historical perspectives. The course aims to enthuse the
students to be updated in their area of study and have shaped the scholarly understanding of their
fields of study.

Learning Outcome

The course enables the students to explain and critique the recent developments in early Indian
history. It helps them to evaluate and critique the trends in early Indian history and helps to
formulate research problems in their area of interest. The course enables them to correlate and
develop skill in the comparative analysis of situations in their area of interest. It makes them
identify fresh insights in the area of early Indian history.

Module I: Genetics and Early Indian Past

Genome and Prehistory – Ancient DNA – Population Genetics – Collision formed India – The
logic of Genetics – First Indians and Farmers – First Urbanites and Harappans – Last Migrants
and Aryans – Genomics of Inequality – Caste and Genetics – Single source civilisation or multi
source civilisation – Excavations at Rakhigarhi and ancient DNA

Essential Readings

Tony Joseph, Early Indians, New Delhi, 2018.

David Reich, Who we are and How we got here, New Delhi, 2018.

Romila Thapar, et.al., Which of us are Aryans?, New Delhi, 2019.

Module II: Gender in Early History

Gender reading of Indian Epics – Voices from the Buddhist nunnery and the hermitage – Lives
of Buddhist nuns in Terigatha – Sexual-spiritual interface in a heterodox tradition - Inscriptions
and images of Gender in early Stupa – Sex and Sexuality in Orthodox traditions – Birth in the
Grihyasutras – Perceptions of women in Dharmasastra and Kamasastra – Concept of Stridhana
– Women in public sphere

Essential Readings

Alice Collett, Lives of Early Buddhist Nuns: Biographies as History, New Delhi, 2016.

Kumkum Roy, ed., Women in Early Indian Societies, Delhi, 2005.

Snigdha Singh, et.al., Beyond the Woman Question: Reconstructing Gendered Identities in Early
India, New Delhi, 2017.

Uma Chakravarti, Everyday Lives, Everyday Histories, 2006.

Module III: Language as Culture and Power

Sanskrit Cosmopolis – Language of the Gods enters the world – Inscribing Political will in
Sanskrit – Semantics of Inscriptional Discourse – Sanskrit culture as Courtly practice –Theory
and Practice of Culture and Power – Imagining the Urban in Kavyas of early India – Urban
characters and their world in Kavyas – Tamil – Origin of Tamil Speech – Pandyas Pallavas and
carriers of Tamil knowledge – Cultural world of Tamil – Genealogy of Tamil literary culture

Essential Readings

David Shulman, Tamil: A Biography, Cambridge, 2016.

Sheldon Pollock, The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture and Power
in Premodern India, New Delhi 2007.

Shonaleeka Kaul, Imagining the Urban: Sanskrit and the City in Early India, New Delhi, 2010.

Module IV: Nature, Environment and Ecology

Situating human activity in the context of nature – Perceiving the forest in early India – Vana
and Grama – Forest dwellers in the Mauryan period – Eight types of forest in Arthasastra –
Setting the forest and pacifying Atavikas – Ecological Paradigms in Buddhism – Elephants and
the Mauryas

Essential Readings
Anand Singh, Planet, Plants and Animals: Ecological Paradigms in Buddhism, New
Delhi, 2018.

Mahesh Rangarajan and K. Sivaramakrishnan, eds, India’s Environmental History, Vol. I, New
Delhi 2012.

Thomas R. Trautmann, Elephants and Kings: An Environmental History, New Delhi 2015.

References

Devika Rangachari, Invisible Women, Visible Histories: Society, Gender and Polity in North
India, New Delhi, 2009.

Jaya Tyagi, Engendering the Early Household, Delhi, 2008.

Kirit K. Shah, Problem of Identity: Women in Early Indian Inscriptions, New Delhi, 2001.

Kumkum Roy, ‘Of Theras and Theris: Visions of Liberation in the Early Buddhist Tradition’, in
Vijaya Ramaswamy, ed., Researching Indian Women, Delhi, 2003.

Leslie Orr, Donors Devotees and Daughters of the God, New York, 2000.

Nilima Chitgopekar, ed., Invoking Goddesses: Gender Politics in Indian Religion, New Delhi,
2002.

Nilima Chitgopekar, ed., Invoking Goddesses: Gender Politics in Indian Religion, New Delhi,
2002.

Paula Richman, ed., Many Ramayanas, New Delhi, 1992.

Romila Thapar, et.al., Which of Us are Aryans, New Delhi, 2019.

Shalini Shah, The Making of Womanhood: Gender Relations in the Mahabharata, New Delhi,
1995.

Sheldon Pollock, ed., Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia, Berkeley,
2003.
Shonaleeka Kaul, ‘Texts and Transitions: Early Indian Literature and the Problem of Historical
change’, in Bhairabi Prasad Sahu and Kesavan Veluthat, eds, History and Theory: The Study of
State, Institutions and the making of History, New Delhi, 2019.

Shonaleeka Kaul, Eloquent Spaces: Meaning and Community in Early Indian Architecture,
London, 2019.

Thomas R. Trautmann, ed., The Aryan Debate, New Delhi, 2007.

Vidya Dehejia, ed., Representing the Body: Gender Issues in Indian Art, New Delhi, 1999.

Vijay Nath, The Puranic World: Environment, Gender, Ritual and Myth, New Delhi, 2009.

Vijaya Ramaswamy, Walking Naked: Women, Society and Spirituality in South India, Shimla,
1997.

Yigal Bronner, David Shulman and Gary Tubb, eds, Innovations and Turning Points: Toward a
History of Kavya Literature, New Delhi, 2014.

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3E 02 Perspectives and Debates on Early Elective 4
Tamilakam

HIS 3E 02 PERSPECTIVES AND DEBATES ON EARLY TAMILAKAM

OBJECTIVES
• This course introduces the students to the perspectives and debates on early Tamilakam
• It familiarizes them with the problems add debates on language, script and early history
of Tamilakam.
 • This course attempts to familiarize with social formations of early Tamilakam and the
changes that happened in the later days and also the transformation of the early society
into an agrarian society
LEARNING OUTCOME
• Students will be familiarized with various problems and debates on the early history of
Tamilakam especially the debates on archaeology, the language and script, debate on the
Sangam literature, early Tamil society, trade networks, development of chiefdoms and
kingdoms, the entrance of new religious elements and the formation of agrarian states.

MODULE 1: ARCHAEOLOGY OF EARLY TAMILAKAM

Geographical and Environmental features of Tamilakam- Tamilakm-Pre Historic period

–Robert R Bruce Foote -Archaeological remains- major excavations-Aricamedu –
Kodumanal- Pattanam Keezhadi- etc.-Iron Age -Megalithic Burials and Graffiti
Evidences-Typology and Extent-

REFERENCES

Vijaya Ramaswamy, Historical Dictionary of the Tamils, U K: The Scarecrow

Press,2007.
Martha Ann Selby and Indira Viswanathan Peterson, Tamil Geographes-Cultural
Construction of Spaces and Place in South India, State University of Newyork,2008.
V. Kanakasabhai, Tamils 1800 years ago, New Delhi,1904(reprint 1979)
M G S Narayanan, Re-interpretation of South Indian History, Trivandram, 1977.
………………………Foundations of South Indian History, Delhi,1993.
………………………. ‘The Vedic, Puranic, Sastraic Element in Tamil Sangam society
and Culture’ in Proceedings of Indian History Congress, Vol.36,1975, pp.76-91.
K A Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India, Oxford Unversity Press,1975.
……………………….., Sangam Literature:Its Cults ad Cutures
Noborou Karashima(ed.), A Concise history of South India,Oxford Unversity
Press,2014.
B.K Gururaja Rao, Megalithic Culture in south India.
Rajan Gurukkal and Raghava Varier, The Cultural History of Kerala, Vol.I
Burton Stein, ‘Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country’, The
Journal of Asian Studies, vol.37, No.1, Nov.1977, pp.7-26.
Melangath Narayanankutty, Sanghasahithyacharithrm (mal.), Kerala Bhasha Institute,
Thiruvanthapuram, 2003.
S. Muhammed Hussain Nainar, Arab Geographers Knowledge of Southern India,
University of Madras,1942.
P.T. Srinivasa Iyengar, History of the Tamils-From Earliest Times to 600AD, New
Delhi, 2001.
R.B. Foote, Antiquities of South India, Delhi, 1985.
 N Subrahmanyan, Sangam Polity

MODULE II: DEBATE ON LANGUAGE AND SCRIPT

Language of Early Tamilakam- Proto-Tamil- Mauryan Brahmi-Asokan Inscriptions in

Tamilakam- Southern Brahmi-Transition from Tamil Brahmi to Vattezhuthu-
Thirunatharkunnu inscription-Contributions of Iravatham Mahadevan

REFERENCES
Kamil Zvelebil, The Smile of Murugan on Tamil Literature of South India, Leiden: EJ
Brill, 1973.
…………..,”The Tamil Brahmi Hybrid Inscriptions”,1964.
K. Kailasapathy, Tamil Heroic Poetry, Oxford,1968.
V.Kanakasabhai, Tamils 1800 years ago, New Delhi,1904(reprint 1979)
Vijaya Ramaswamy, Historical Dictionary of the Tamils, U K: The Scarecrow
Press,2007.
M G S Narayanan, Re-interpretation of South Indian History,Trivandram,1977.
…………………Foundations of South Indian History, Delhi,1993.
…………………. ‘The Vedic, Puranic, Sastraic Element in Tamil Sangam society and
Culture” in Proceedings of Indian History Congress, Vol.36,1975,pp.76-91.
K A Neelakanta Sastri, A History of South India, Oxford Unversity Press,1975.
………………….., Sangam Literature: Its Cults and Cutures
Noborou Karashima(ed.), A Concise history of South India,Oxford Unversity Press,2014.
Rajan Gurukkal and Raghava Varier, The Cultural History of Kerala . Vol.I
Burtain Stein, ‘Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country’,The Journal
of Asian Studies, vol.37, No.1, Nov.1977, pp.7-26.
Melangath Narayanankutty, Sanghasahithyacharithrm (mal.), Kerala Bhasha Institute,
Thiruvanthapuram,2003.
P.T. Srinivasa Iyengar, History of the Tamils-From Earliest Times to 600AD, New Delhi,
2001.
Iravatham Mahadevan, Early Tamil Epigraphy: From Earliest Times to the Sixth Century
C.E, Harward University Publication, 2003.
……………Corpus of Tamil Brahmi inscriptions,1966.
…………....The Indus Script:Texts, Concordance and Tables,1977.
……………Akam and Puram :’Address’Signs of the INDUS Script,2010.
……………Dravidian Proof of the Indus Script via the Rig Veda: a case Study,2014.
…………….Toponyms,directions and Tribal names n the Indus script,2017.
……………..Murukan in the Indus Script.
K.Unnikidavu,Sanghakalakrithikalile Tamil Samskaram, Kerala Sahithya
Accademy.2007.
 S.Sivaramamoorthy, Indian Epigraphy and South Indian Scripts,bulletin of the Madras
Government Museum,1966.
M R Raghava Varier, Pracheena Lipi Padanam,SPCS,2019.

MODULE III: PROBLEMS AND DEBATES ON SANGAM LITERATURE

Debate on Sangam literature-Problem of dating-chronology- Debate on Silappatikaram-

Vedic elements in Sangam literature- Mauryan Problem in the Sangam Age- Scholars
worked on Early Tamilakam-Mahalingam-Srinivasa Iyengar-Neelakanta Sastri - M G S
Narayanan- Kamil Zvelibel – Kailasapathy

REFERENCES
Kamil Zvelebil, The Smile of Murugan on Tamil Literature of South
India,Leiden:EJBrill, 1973.
K. Kailasapathy, Tamil Heroic Poetry, Oxford,1968.
V. Kanakasabhai, Tamils 1800 years ago, New Delhi,1904(reprint 1979)
Vijaya Ramaswamy, Historical Dictionary of the Tamils, U K: The Scarecrow
Press,2007.
M G S Narayanan, Re-interpretation of South Indian History, Trivandram,1977.
………………………Foundations of South Indian History, Delhi,1993.
………………………. ‘The Vedic, Puranic, Sastraic Element in Tamil Sangam
society and Culture” in Proceedings of Indian History Congress, Vol.36,1975, pp.76-
91.
K A Neelakanta Sastri, A History of South India, Oxford Unversity Press,1975.
……………………….., Sangam Literature:Its Cults ad Cutures
Noborou Karashima, (ed.), A Concise history of South India,Oxford Unversity
Press,2014.
Rajan gurukkal and Raghava Varier, The Cultural History of Kerala . Vol.I
Burtain Stein, ‘Circulation and the Historical Geography of Tamil Country’, The
Journal of Asian Studies, vol.37,No.1, Nov.1977, pp.7-26.
Melangath Narayanankutty, Sanghasahithyacharithrm(mal.), Kerala Bhasha Institute,
Thiruvanthapuram,2003.
P.T.Srinivasa Iyengar, History of the Tamils-From Earliest Times to 600AD, New
Delhi, 2001.
K. Unnikidavu, Sanghakalakrithikalile Tamil Samskaram, Kerala Sahithya
Accademy.2007.

MODULE IV- SOCIAL FORMATIONS OF EARLY TAMILAKAM

Early Tamil Society—- The tinai concept- nanilam - ecosystems, clans and means of
subsistence-Sivatambi and the materialistic interpretation – Athiyaman – wetland
agriculture – Debate on early contacts with Roman World– oceanic trade-Arikamedu-
Kodumanal –Pattanam- The formation of Chiefdoms and kingdoms-Power structure of
the muventar chiefdoms-Chera, Chola,Pandya- Transformation of early Tamil culture-
Jain and Buddhist influence - Development of Hinduism-Vaishnava Saiva cults-
Formation of Agrarian states- Pallavas and Pandyas.

REFERENCES
Vijaya Ramaswamy, Historical Dictionary of the Tamils, U K: The Scarecrow
Press,2007.
Rajan Gurukkal, Social formations in Early South India, Oxford,2010.
…………………, ‘Towards the Voice of the Dissent: Trajectory of Ideological
Transformation in Early south India’, Social Scientist, Vol.21,Feb.1993, pp.2-22.
…………………, ‘Did State Exist in the Pre-Pallavan Tamil Region”, Proceedings of the
Indian History Congress, Vol.63, 2002, pp.138-150.
T.K. Venkatasubramanian, ‘Chieftaincies of the Sangam Age: A Developmental
Approach’, Proccedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol.42,1981,pp.82-94.
N Subrahmanyan, Sangam Polity,
K A Neelakanta Sastri, A History of South India, Oxford Unversity Press,1975.
………………………The Pandyan Kingdom,
C. Meenakshi, Administation and Social Life Under the Pallavas,
Noborou Karashima (ed.), A Concise history of South India, Oxford Unversity
Press,2014.
…………………………, South Indian History and Society 800-1800,
R. Champakalakshmi, Trade, Ideology and Urbanisation
T V Mahalingam, South Indian polity,
Amol saghar, ‘Irrigation under the Pallavas’, Social Sccientist, Vol.5/6, May-June 2015,
pp.3-10.
P.T.Srinivasa Iyengar, History of the Tamils-From Earliest Times to 600AD, New Delhi,
2001.
M G S Narayanan, Re-interpretation of South Indian History, Trivandram,1977.
………………………Foundations of South Indian History, Delhi,1993.
S.P. Gupta (ed.), T.V Mahalingam-Readings In South Indian History, Delhi,1977.
V.Kanakasabhai, Tamils 1800 years ago, New Delhi,1904 (reprint 1979).
Shehoff, (ed.),Periplus of the Erithraean Sea,London,1970.
Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Classical Indo Roman Trade,OUP,2014.
Kesavan Veluthat, Politcial Structure of Early Medieval South India, (1993), Orient
BlackSwan, New Delhi, 2013.
Amaravati, Felicitation volume of Prof. Shanmugham, Chennai,2016.
 III Semester MA History
Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 3E 03 Knowledge and Culture in Early India Elective 4

HIS 3E 03 KNOWLEDGE AND CULTURE IN EARLY INDIA

Objectives

This course intends to create rational thinking, analytical power among the students and

to develop an idea of the dissemination of knowledge from time to time through comparison of

early Sanskrit texts with other contemporary sources and to develop the skill of reasoning

capacity from the study of early period to the medieval and modern age. It also makes the student

understand the colonial attitude towards the study of the history of India. It enables the students

to explore various types of materials to understand the social milieu of these specific and

common issues of Indian culture. Moreover, it empowers the students through critical evaluation

and scientific analysis of historical material to interpret the content of the early texts and the

knowledge system inherent in them and to counter the same with the colonial attributes to early

Indian culture and civilization. It enables the students to develop the students a balanced view on

ancient Indian culture and facilitate to develop of the skill of analysis to understand the birth,

growth and development of early Indian knowledge systems, like Astronomy, Mathematics and

Engineering skills, the formation of Language and culture in Vedic, post-Vedic and later
authentic works.

Learning Outcome

Students are enabled to develop critical reasoning of early Sanskrit texts. Enable the students to

formulate the historical debates and discussions on specific historical issues and problems of

ancient Indian history. Students identify research problems and perspectives and to design

research topics on ancient historical problems. To develop expertise in collecting different types

of historical sources and develop the skill of comparative study of the sources.

Module I: Origin of Ancient Indian Knowledge system

Cosmology of the Vedas - Evolution of Astronomy, Calendar and linguistics - Knowledge in the

Sanskrit literature and Upanishad - Knowledge in stratified society - Buddhist and Jain

epistemology and Cosmology – Dharma and Karma - Arthasastra and Dharmasastra

Module II: Growth of Classical Philosophical systems

Evolution of classical systems -Encounter with Buddhists, Jains and Lokayatikas – Growth of

Purva Mimamsa, Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya and Vaiseshika Schools – Concept of Advaita

Vedanta- Growth of Logic - Language and discourse

Module III: Evolution of Scientific and Technological Knowledge

Growth of science and technology in Bronze and Iron age – Science and Technology of

Harappan Relics – Pottery Technology and Metallurgy - Astronomy, Mathematics, Anatomy –

Ayurveda – Art and Architecture - Dravidian linguistics and grammar – The Agamas
Module IV: India and other Countries of the World

Other civilizations and their give and take - Early contacts with west Asia, Babylonia, Greece

and Rome - Interactions with China, Tibet, Srilanka and South East Asia - Ancient Indian

concepts of Geography

References

A.K. Bag, History of Technology in India, (4 vols.), New Delhi, 1997.

A.K. Bag, India and Central Asia: Science and Technology, (2vols.)
A.K. Bag, Science and Civilization in Ancient India, Vol.I., New Delhi, 1985.
A.K. Chatterjee, A Comprehensive History of Jainism, Calcutta, 1978.
A.K. Warder, Indian Buddhism, New Delhi, 1980.
B.K. Matilal, Perception: An Essay on Classical Indian Theories of Knowledge, OUP,
1985.
B. Matilal, The Word and the World, OUP, 1990.
B. Matilal, The character of Logic in India, OUP, 1999.
Banerjee N.R., Iron age in India, New Delhi, 1965.
C. Sivaramamurti, Indian Architecture
D.P. Agarwal, Copper-Bronze Age in India, New Delhi, 1969.
D.P. Chattopadhyaya, Science and Society in Ancient
India. Dilip Chakravarti, India: An Archaeological
History.
E. Solomon, Indian Dialectics.
George Ghevarghese Joseph, Crest of the Peacock, Princeton, 2010.
H.C. Bharadwaj, Aspects of Ancient Indian Technology.
H. Zimmer, Philosophies of India.
K. Damodaran, Indian Thought a Critical Outline.
Krishna Chaitanya, An Introduction to Sanskrit Poetics.
M. Hiriyanna, Outline History of Indian Philosophy.
P.V. Kane, Sanskrit Poetics.
Patrick Oliville, The Dharma Sutras.
R.P. Kangle, Arthasastra of Kautilya
Rahman, A., History of Indian Science Technology and Culture, Delhi, 1998.
S.N. Dasgupta, Outline of Indian Philosophy.
S.S. Barlingay, Modern Introduction of Indian Logic.
Shereen Ratnagar, Makers and Shapers: Early Indian Technology in the Home, Village
 and the Urban Workshop, Delhi, 2007.
T. Scherbatsky, Introduction to Buddhist Logic.

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 3E 04 Selected Themes in Economic History of Elective 4
Medieval India

HIS 3E 04 SELECTED THEMES IN ECONOMIC HISTORY OF

MEDIEVAL INDIA
Objectives

The course offers an understanding of the transitional phases of the medieval Indian economy.
Since the course is arranged thematically, each module is presented to impart the student
analytical skill of evaluating the nuances of the changes in the period. The course will enable the
student in evaluating the role of the state and its policies in trade, urbanization and taxation etc.
By this course, a comparative study of the economic actions of the country can be made to
understand how far the present is rooted in the past historically.

Learning Outcome

• Ability to understand the economic activities of Medieval India

• Ability to differentiate various forms of taxes and other dues on agricultural and
non- agricultural production
• Ability to analyze the cardinal changes in the economy of medieval India
• Ability to locate the centres of trade, urbanization and trade routes of medieval India

Module I: Agriculture in Medieval India

 Land- property rights/ownership- Landlordism- Iqta- Zamindari- Jagirdari- peasants-
cultivators- tax- types of assessments.

Essential Reading

Irfan Habib, Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556-1707, OUP, New Delhi, 2000(1963)

-----------------, Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception, Tulika, New

Delhi, 1995.

W. H. Moreland, Agrarian System in Moslem India,1929.

Shireen Moosvi, People Taxation and Trade in Mughal India, OUP, 2010 (2008)

----------------------, The Economy of Mughal Empire- A Statistical Study, Delhi, 1987.

Module II: Non- Agricultural Production

Forms of Labour- Artisans- crafts- spinning, weaving, building, tanning, Ship

building and metal works- gender and labour-state.

Essential Reading

Irfan Habib, Technology in Medieval India, 650-1750, Tulika, New Delhi, 2016 (2008).

Satish Chandra, History of Medieval India, 2007.

G. F. Hourani, Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Medieval Times,

Princeton University Press, New Jersy, 1951.

Tapan Ray Choudhuri and Irfan Habib, ed., Cambridge Economic History of India,

Vol.1, Cambridge, 1982.

Dharmakumar and Meghnad Desai, ed., Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol.2,

Cambridge, 1982.

Module III: Trade, Commerce and Money

 Nature of Trade- Local, Overland, Overseas- stake holders- Routes- involvement of
state-Insurance- Bill of Exchange- Sahs, Modis, Shroffs- Money- Banking- interest-
Major ports- - Guild system- Indian Ocean Trade.

Essential Reading

Irfan Habib, “ The System of Bills of Exchange (Hundis) in the Mughal Empire”,

Proceedings of Indian History Congress, Muzaffarpur, 1972.

------------------, “Banking in Mughal India”, in Tapan Rai Chaoudhuri ed., Contributions

to Indian Economic History, Calcutta, 1960.

M. N. Pearson, Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the

Seventeenth Century, California, 1976.

Satish Chandra, History of Medieval India, 2007.

----------------, Essays on Medieval Indian History , OUP, 2003

Ashindas Gupta & M.N. Pearson, India and Indian Ocean , 1500-1800, OUP, Delhi,

1987.

Arasaratnam, Merchants, Companies and Commerce on the Coromandel Coast,1650-

1740, Delhi, 1988.

Om Prakash, European Commercial Enterprises in Pre colonial India, Cambridge, 1998.

John F. Richards ed., The Imperial Monetary System of Mughal India, Delhi, 1987.

Neils Steensgaard, The Asian Trade Revolution of the Seventeenth Century, The East

India Companies and Decline of Caravan Trade, Chicago, 1974.

K. N. Choudhuri, Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean, Cambridge, 1983.

Module IV: Urbanization

Urban Centres- Shehr-, Qasba, Cantonment- Fortification- Nagaram- Pattanam-

administration- Life- Nobility- Bankers- Mosque and temples.
Essential Reading

Iqtidar Hussain Siddiqui, Delhi Sultanate: Urbanization and Social Change, New Delhi,

2012.

Stephen Blake, Shahjahanabad: The sovereign City in Mughal India, 1639- 1739,

Cambridge, 1991.

Yogesh Sharma and Pius Malekandathil (eds.), Cities in Medieval India, New Delhi,

2014.

Indu Banga (ed.), The City in Indian History: Urban Demography, Society, and Politics,

New Delhi, 2005.

H. K. Naqvi, Urbanisation and Urban Centres under the Great Mughals, Indian Institute
of Advanced Studies, Simla, 1971.

Shireen Moosvi, People Taxation and Trade in Mughal India, OUP, 2010 (2008)

References

Irfan Habib, Medieval India. The Study of a Civilization, NBT, 2008.

------------------, Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556-1707, OUP, New Delhi, 2000(1963)

-----------------, Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception, Tulika, New Delhi,

1995

, Technology in Medieval India, 650-1750, Tulika, New Delhi, 2016 (2008).

------------------, Interpreting Indian History, NEHU Publishing, Shillong.

------------------, “The System of Bills of Exchange (Hundis) in the Mughal Empire”, Proceedings

of Indian History Congress, Muzaffarpur, 1972.

------------------, “Banking in Mughal India”, in Tapan Rai Chaoudhuri ed., Contributions to

Indian Economic History, Calcutta, 1960.

Irfan Habib ed., Economic History of Medieval India

Satish Chandra, History of Medieval India, 2007.

----------------, Essays on Medieval Indian History, OUP, 2003

K. M. Ashraf, Life and Conditions of People of Hindustan, New Delhi, 1970.

W. H. Moreland, Agrarian System in Moslem India,1929.

------------------, India at the Death of Akbar, 1920.

------------------, From Akbar to Aurangzeb, London, 1923.

Shireen Moosvi, People Taxation and Trade in Mughal India, OUP, 2010 (2008)

----------------------, The Economy of Mughal Empire- A Statistical Study, Delhi, 1987.

Ashindas Gupta, Indian Merchants and Decline of Surat, 1700-1750, Wiesbaden, 1979.

Ashindas Gupta & M.N. Pearson, India and Indian Ocean, 1500-1800, OUP, Delhi, 1987.

M. N. Pearson, Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the

Seventeenth Century, California, 1976.

M. Athar Ali, Mughal India, New Delhi, 2006.

Arasaratnam, Merchants, Companies and Commerce on the Coromandel Coast,1650-1740,

Delhi, 1988.

Om Prakash, European Commercial Enterprises in Pre colonial India, Cambridge, 1998.

John F. Richards, Mughal Empire, Cambridge, 1993.

John F. Richards ed., The Imperial Monetary System of Mughal India, Delhi, 1987.

K. N. Choudhuri, Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean, Cambridge, 1983.

Tapan Ray Choudhuri and Irfan Habib, ed., Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol.1,

Cambridge, 1982.
Dharmakumar and Meghnad Desai, ed., Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol.2,

Cambridge, 1982.

R. Mukherjee, Economic History of India, 1600-1800, Allahabad, 1967.

Neils Steensgaard, The Asian Trade Revolution of the Seventeenth Century, The East india

Companies and Decline of Caravan Trade, Chicago, 1974.

Iqtidar Hussain Siddiqui, Delhi Sultanate: Urbanization and Social Change, New Delhi, 2012.

Stephen Blake, Shahjahanabad: The sovereign City in Mughal India, 1639- 1739, Cambridge,

1991.

Yogesh Sharma and Pius Malekandathil (eds.), Cities in Medieval India, New Delhi, 2014.

Indu Banga (ed.), The City in Indian History: Urban Demography, Society, and Politics, New

Delhi, 2005.

H. K. Naqvi, Urbanisation and Urban Centres under the Great Mughals, Indian Institute of
Advanced Studies, Simla, 1971.

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3E 05 Aesthetic Traditions of Medieval India Elective 4

HIS 3E 05 AESTHETIC TRADITIONS OF MEDIEVAL INDIA

Objectives
 The course aims to open an approach to earn art history consciousness among the
students. Another objective is that how aesthetics and historical narratives are connected
to Indian medievalism. It is an attempt to conceive the cultural history. The course will
help the students to understand the form and content of art and architecture. It will enable
the students to act in art criticism.

Learning Outcome

The students will reflect their ideas with conceptual clarity with creative mood. It will
lead to the engineering/innovative skill of the students. Practically, it will lead to the
emergence of the architectural practitioner, painters, dancers, musicians, et al., with
sound know-how of the historical traditions, art history and aesthetics. All these
aesthetical understanding will create the question that how subjectivity arouses after
medievalism.

Module 1: Aesthetics and History

Theoretical dimensions on Aesthetics and History – art concepts of medieval era – cultural
settings – historical approaches to Aesthetics – methods and theories of art history - source
materials

Module 2: Oral and literary tradition

Folk tradition – nature of orality - tribal culture – Brahmanic – regional medieval dynasties –
translation culture of Indian arena – writing discourse – Indian medievalism

Module 3: Art and Architecture

Chola – temples - Cire Perdue - Nataraja idol – Sultanate - Indo-Islamic culture - Vijayanagar –
garbhagriha – mantapa - Mughal – Indo-Persian – Turkish – charbagh style - calligraphy –
Buildings – pietra dura.

Module 4: Music, Painting and Dance forms

Indian miniature paintings - Pala, Orissa, Jain, Rajasthani - Mughal paintings – Murals – Bijapuri –
Bhakti and Sufi cultures - Indian classical music – Bhajans - Kirtan - Hindustani classical music
- Dhrupad and Khayal - regional expressions of dances

References
Amrit Rai, A House Divided: The Origin and Development of Hindi/Hindavi, Oxford University
Press, Delhi, 1984.

Ananda Coomaraswami, Essays in Indian National Idealism, Munshiram Manoharlal, New

Delhi, 1991.

Athar Ali, Mughal India: Studies in Polity, Ideas, Society and Culture, Oxford University Press,
Delhi, 2006.

Aziz Ahmad, Intellectual History of Islam in India, Edinburg University Press, Edinburg, 1996.

Aziz Ahmad, Studies in Islamic Culture in the Indian Environment, Clarendon Press, Oxford,
1966.

Bernard Berenson, Aesthetics and History, Pantheon Books, Inc, USA, 1948.

Catherine B. Asher: Mughal Architecture, CUP, 1992.

Charles Allen, Coromondel: A Personal History of India, Little Brown, 2017.

Dabney Townsend, Historical Dictionary of Aesthetics, Scarecrow Press, Inc, USA, 2006.

Daniel Herwitz, Aesthetics: Key Concepts in Philosophy, Continuum, London and New York,
2008

Donald Preziosi, The Art of Art History: Critical Anthology, OUP, 2009.

Ebba Koch, Mughal Architecture: an Outline of its History and Development, 1526-1858, OUP,
New Delhi, 2002.

Harbans Mukhia, The Mughals of India, Blackwell Publishing, New Delhi, 2005.

Indira Viswanathan Peterson and Devesh Soneji, Performing Pasts: Reinventing the Arts in
Modern South India, OUP, New Delhi, 2008.

Irfan Habib: (ed.): Akbar and His India, Oxford, 1997.

Irfan Habib: Essays in Indian History, Tulika, Delhi.

Janaki Bakle, Two Men and Music: Nationalism in the Making of an Indian Classical Tradition,
Permanent Black, New Delhi, 2006.

John Berge, The Ways of Seeing, Penguin, 1972.

John Fitz, George Mitchell and Clare Arni (eds.), New Light on Hampi: Recent Research at
Vijayanagara, Marg Publications, New Delhi.
John Stratton Hawley, Songs of the Saints of India, Oxford University Press, 2005.

K. N. Panikkar, Colonialism, Culture and Renaissance, OUP, New Delhi, 2007.

Lakshmi Subrahmanian, From Tanjore Court to Madras Music Academy: A Social History of
Music in South India, OUP, New Delhi, 2006.

Laurie Adams, The Methodologies of Art: An Introduction, Westview Press, 2010.

Mathew Harp Allen, Expressing Culture, OUP, New York, 2004.

Meenakshi Khanna, (ed.), Cultural History of Medieval India, Orient Blackswan, New Delhi,
2007.
Milo C Beach: The Mughal Painting, CUP, 1992.

Milo Cleveland Beach, Mughal and Rajput Painting, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1992.

P. Sambamoorthy, A Dictionary of South Indian Music and Musicians, Indian Music Publishing
House, Madras, Madras, 1984.

Percy Brown: India Architecture (Islamic Period), Bombay, Taraporevala, 1958.

Peter J. Martin, Music and the Sociological Gaze, Manchester University Press, New York, 2006.

Raghav R. Menon, The Penguin Dictionary of Indian Classical Music,Penguin India Ltd., New
Delhi, 1995.

Richard G Fox (ed.): Realism and Region in Medieval India, Delhi, 1976.

Richard M. Eaton, Phillip B. Wagoner, Power, Memory and Architecture: Contested Sites on
India’s Deccan Plateau, 1300-1600, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2014.

Robert Williams, Art Theory: An Historical Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, UK, 2009.

S. Jaeger (ed.), Magnificence and the Sublime in Medieval Aesthetics: Art, Architecture,
Literature, Music (The New Middle Ages), Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010.

S. P. Verma, Mughal Painters and Their Works, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1994.

Satish Chandra: Essays on Medieval Indian History, OUP, 2003.

Stephen P. Blake: Shajhanbad, CUP, 2010.

Sunil P. Elayidom, Kanvazhikal Kazhchavattangal (Malayalam), DC Books, Kottayam,

2003.
Sunil P. Elayidom, Tyagarajayogavaibhavam: Tyagaraja Sangeethathinte
Samskarika Charithram (Malayalam), Kairali Books, Kannur, 2017.

Theodor W. Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1984 (1970).

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3E 06 Recent Perspectives on Social Elective 4
History of Medieval Kerala

HIS 3E 06 RECENT PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL HISTORY OF

MEDIEVAL KERALA

Objectives

This is an elective course in Medieval History. This course is intended to impart an

intersectional approach to study the social relations and institutions in medieval Kerala. The
social history perspective on medieval Kerala is to be developed by way of critical engagements
with the topics of each module. This course helps the students to understand the recent
developments in the field of the social history of medieval Kerala. The course is designed to help
the students to identify historical problems of their interest in the social history of medieval
Kerala to pursue further studies.

Learning Outcome

The course enables the students to explain and critique the recent developments in the social
history of medieval Kerala. It helps them to evaluate and critique the trends in social history and
helps to formulate research problems in their area of interest. The course enables them to
correlate and develop skill in the comparative analysis of situations in their area of interest. It
makes them identify fresh insights in the area of the social history of medieval Kerala.

Module I: Writing Social History - Perspectives and Method

Historiography and pioneers in social history approaches – K.P. Padmanabha Menon-
Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai – P.K. Balakrishnan - scientific approaches – K.N. Ganesh - Social
history approaches to gender - caste and religion in Kerala - Social History and Indian
historiography - Various schools - Positions – criticism - Need for a social history of Kerala -
Problems in dominant historiography of Kerala - history of social institutions and relations -
social history perspective - Challenges and possibilities - need for a critical social history

Module II: Social world of Early Medieval Kerala

Environment - life activities and social life - people and material culture - multiple economies -
social spaces and social divisions - Non-brahmana villages - ur and kutis - Natus and Utayavars -
gender relations - chiefly powers – migration - trans marine spaces and blue economy in early
medieval Kerala – Buddhist - Jains and Brahmans

Module III: Social life in Later Medieval Kerala

Land- labour - production - exchange - labour activities - multiple economies – people’s life in
early medieval Kerala - dominance of temples and brahmans - political structure of Natus and
Svarupams - social stratification and hierarchy - caste and gender - caste slavery - kutis and
atiyar groups - socio-spatial exclusion – Malabar society under Hyder Ali and Tipu

Module IV: Social History Perspectives of Selected Themes in Medieval Kerala

Social stratification and development of castes in medieval Kerala – Matriliny and Patriliny –
heroines in Manipravala kavyas – Brahmanical patriarchy and gender positions - social divisions
as reflected in medieval texts and oral tradition – Ideology and knowledge in medieval society –
Literacy and communication in medieval Kerala

References

Aju K. Narayanan, Keralathile Buddhamatha Parambaryam Naattarivilute, SPCS, Kottayam,

2012.

Balakrishnan P.K., Jati Vyavasthayum Keralacharithravum, (1983), D.C. Books, Kottayam,

2008.

Bhaskaran Unni P., Pathonpatham Nootttandile Keralam, Kerala Sahitya Academy, Thrissur,
2012.
Burton Stein, (ed.), Essays in South India, Vikas Publications, New Delhi,

Champakalakshmi R., Kesavan Veluthat and T.R. Venugopal, (eds), State and Society in Pre-
modern South India, Cosmo Books, Thrissur, 2002.

Chentharassery T.H.P., Kerala Charithrathile Avaganikkapetta Edukal, Prabhath Book House,

Thiruvananthapuram, 1970.

Cherian P.J., (ed.), Perspectives on Kerala History, KCHR, Thiruvananthapuram, 1999.

Dharmakumar, Land and Caste in South India, Manohar, New Delhi, 1992, pp. 1-33.

Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai, Elamkulam Kunjanpillayute Therenjedutha krithikal, N Sam (ed.),

International Center for Kerala Studies, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 2005.

Ganesh K.N., Culture and Modernity: Historical Explorations, Calicut University, 2004.

Ganesh K.N., Keralathinte Innalakal, State Institute of Languages, Thiruvananthapuram, 2011.

Ganesh K.N., Malayaliyute Desakalangal, Raspberry, Calicut, 2016.

Ganesh K.N., Reflections on Pre- Modern Kerala, Cosmo Books, Thrissur, 2016.

Haridas V.V. and Haskerali, (eds), Multi-cultures of South India, Karnataka State Open
University, Mysore, 2015.

Haridas V.V., Zamorins and the Political Culture of Medieval Kerala, Orient Black Swan, New
Delhi, 2016.

Kesavan Veluthat and P.P. Sudhakaran, (eds), Advances in History, Calicut, 2003.

Kesavan Veluthat, Brahman Settlements in Kerala, (1978), Thrissur, 2013.

Kesavan Veluthat, Notes of Dissent: Essays on Indian History, New Delhi, 2018.

Kesavan Veluthat, The Early Medieval in South India, New Delhi, 2009.

Kochu K.K., Dalithan, D C Books, Kottayam, 2019.

Kochu K.K., Kerala Charithravum Samuha Rupikaranavum, State Institute of Language,

Thiruvananthapuram, 2012.

Meera Nanda, Post Modernism and Religious Fundamentalism: A Scientific Rebuttal to

Hindu Science, Navayana, Pondicherry, 2003.

Muhammedali T., Histories Unbounded, Current Books, Kottayam, 2019.

Muhammedali T., Social Scape and Locality: Themes in Kerala History, Other Books, Calicut,
2017.

Mujeebu Rehiman M.P. and K.S. Madhavan (eds), Explorations in South Indian History, SPCS,
Kottayam 2014.

Mujeebu Rehiman M.P., Malabar in Transition: State, Society and Economy of Malabar, 1750-
1810, Gyan Books, New Delhi, 2020.

Mujeeebu Rehiman M.P., The Other Side of the Story: Tipu Sultan, Colonialism and Resistance
in Malabar, SPCS/National Book Stall, Kottayam, 2016.

Nagaraj D.R., The Flaming Feet and Other Essays: Dalit Movement in India, Permanent Black,
New Delhi, 2010.

Narayanan M.G.S., Foundations of South Indian Society and Culture, New Delhi, 1993.

Narayanan M.G.S., Perumals of Kerala, Cosmo Books, Thrissur, 2013.

Padmanabha Menon K.P., Kochirajyacharithram, Mathrubhumi, Calicut.

Panikar K.N., Culture, Ideology and Hegemony.

Panmana Ramachandran Nair, (ed.), Kerala Samskara Padanangal, 2 Vols, Current Books,
Kottayam, 2013.

Pradeepan Pamparikunnu, (ed.), Dalit Padanam: Svathvam Samskaram Sahithyam, State

Institute of Language, Thiruvananthapuram, 2007.

Puthussery Ramachandran, Kerala Charithrathinte Adisthana Rekhakal, State Institute of

Languages, Thiruvananthapuram, 2007.

Raghava Varier and Rajan Gurukkal, Kerala Charithram, Vol.I. Current Books, Kottayam, 2004.

Raghava Varier, Jainamatham Keralathil, SPCS, Kottayam, 2012.

Raghava Varier, Keraliyatha Charithra Manangal, Current Books, Kottayam, 1990.

Raghava Varier, Madhyakala Keralam: Svarupaneethiyude Charithrapadangal, SPCS,

Kottayam, 2013.

Rajan Gurukkal and Raghava Varier, History of Kerala: Prehistoric to the Present, Orient Black
Swan, Hyderabad, 2018.

Rajan Gurukkal, ‘From Clan and Lineage to Hereditary Occupation to Caste’, in Deve Nathan
(ed.), From Tribe to Caste, Shimla, 1997.
Rajan Gurukkal, Myth Charithram Samuham, SPCS, Kottayam, 2013.

Rajan Gurukkal, Social Formation in Early South India, OUP, Delhi, 2010.

Robin Jeffrey, The Decline of Nair Dominance: Society and Politics in Travancore, Vikas
Publishing House, New Delhi, 1990.

Saradamoni K., The Emergence of a Slave Caste: Pulayar of Kerala, People’s Publication
House, New Delhi, 1980.

Sathyanarayana K. and Susie Tharu, eds, No Alphabet in Sights: New Dalit Writings from South
India, Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2011.

Sebastian Joseph, (ed.), On Present in/g History, D.C. Books, Kottayam, 2017.

Sugathan K., Budhamathavum Jathi Vyavasthayum, Progress Publication, Calicut, 2014.

Sumit Sarkar, Writing Social History, OUP, Delhi.

Sunny M Kapikkadu, Janathayum Janadhipathyavum, Vidhyarthi Publications, Kozhikode,

2017.

Susan Bayly, Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian History,
1700-1900, CUP, Cambridge,1989.

Weidenfeld and Nicholson, A Social History of England, Penguin 1999.

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 3E 07 Social Movements in Modern India Elective 4

HIS 3E 07 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN MODERN INDIA

This course is indented to introduce the students to the collective efforts of people to bring
transformations in human society. It deals with nature, characteristics, structure and processes of
social movements besides the history of social movements in India with a special focus on
Kerala

OBJECTIVES
• To develop a critical understanding of the history of social movements in modern India
• To promote understanding of the common grounds and shared goals between various social
movements
• To consider the strategic value for movements of combining forces
• To promote discussion of the obstacles to integrating and highlighting equality of
human beings
• To provide spaces and opportunities for movements and activists to come together to
generate and share knowledge on effective approaches, strategies and conceptual
frameworks.
LEARNING OUTCOME
• Understand the dynamics of ad theories of social movements in India
• Comprehend the factors contributing to and determining the various social movements
• Development of analytical and critical perspectives about movements in society.
• Acquainting with major social movements and their historical roots in Kerala.

MODULE I DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Social Movements- Definitions, Concepts and Nature –Types of Social Movements-Reform
Movements-Revolutionary movements-Resistance movements- Migratory Movements- Views
of Mahatma Jyotibha Phule- Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar-Theories on the emergence of Social
Movements- Weber-Marx- Contemporary debate- Counter Movements-Social , political and
cultural factors of social movements-Social Movements in contemporary times-

REFERENCES
MSA Rao, Social Movements in India. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers
and Distributors, 2002.
Rocher, Guy, A General Introduction to Sociology: A
Theoretical Perspective. Toronto: Macmillan, 1977.
Ramashray Roy, Sujata Miri, and Sandhya Goswami,Northeast India-
Development, Communalism and Insurgency. Delhi: Anshah Publishing
House, 2007.
Ghanashyam Shah,.,Social Movements in India. New Delhi: Sage
Publications, 1990.
Rajinder Singh, Social Movements Old and New. New Delhi: Sage
Publications, 2001.
Gail , Omved, Dalits and the Democratic Revolution – Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit Movement
in Colonial India. New York, U.S.A: Sage Publications.
M.S.Gore,The Social Context of an Ideology:Ambedkar’s Political and Social Thoughts,New
Delhi:Sage Publications,1993.
T.K Oomen(ed.),Social Movement vol.I&II,New Delhi:OUP,2010.
……………, Nation,Civil Society and Social Movements,New Delhi,2004.
P.N.Mukherjee,’Social Movement and Social Change:Towards a Conceptual Clarification and
Theoretical framework’Sociological Bulletin,Vol.26,No.1,pp.38-59,1977.
J A Banks, The sociology of Social Movements, London: Macmillan, 1972

MODULE II SOCIAL MOVEMENT S IN COLONIAL INDIA

Colonialism and its impact-Transformation of Indian society-Emergence of new classes-

Industrial working class-labor class-intellectuals-money lenders-Public space and print culture -
Reform and Revivalism- Organized Women’s Movements -Colonial Modernity and Counter
Movements-Marxist Ideologies and Revolutionary social Movements-Dravidian and anti
Brahminic Movements-Peasant and Trade Union Movements

REFERENCES
Ramashray Roy Sujata Miri, and Sandhya Goswami,Northeast India-
Development, Communalism and Insurgency. Delhi: Anshah Publishing
House, . 2007.

Ghanashyam Shah, Social Movements in India. New Delhi:

Sage Publications, 1990.

Singh, Rajinder, Social Movements Old and New. New Delhi: Sage
Publications, 2001.

Prathama Banerjee, , Politics of Time, ‘Primitives’ and History-Writing in a Colonial

Society,New York: Oxford University Press,2006.

Gail Omvedt, Dalits and the Democratic Revolution – Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit Movement in
Colonial India. New York, U.S.A: Sage Publications.D N

Dhanagare,. Agrarian movements and Gandhian politics. Institute of Social Sciences, Agra
University,1975.
……………., Peasant Movements in India: 1920-1950. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
1983.
A R Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Delhi, 2005.
Sumit Sarkar, Towards Freedom: Documents on the Movement for Independence in India, 1946,
New Delhi, 2007.
…………, Beyond Nationalist Frames: Post-Modernism, Hindu Fundamentalism, History,
Delhi, 2002.
……………,Writing Social History, Delhi, 1998.
………….,Modern India: 1885-1947, Basingstoke, 1989.
Geraldin forbes, Women in Modern India ,
……..,Women in colonial India: Essays on Politics, Medicine and Historiography , Delhi:
Chronicle Books,2005.
Neera Desai, Woman in Modern India (1957; repr. )Bombay: Vora & Co, 1977.
Bipan Chandra,Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India,
………………,History of Modern India, Orient Blackswan, 1990.
……………….,India’s Struggle for Independence,
………………., The Making of Modern India: From Marx to Gandhi, Orient Blackswan, 2000.
………………………,Essays on Colonialism, New Delhi, 1999.
…………………….., India's Struggle for Independence, 1857-1947, New Delhi, 1989.
.
Sukomal Sen, Working Class of India: History of Emergence and Movement: 1830-1970,
Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi,1979.

T K Oomen,Protest and Change:Studies in Social Movements, NewDelhi: Sage

Publications,1990.
Menon.N (Ed.), Gender and Politics in India,Delhi:OUP,1999.

MODULE III SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN POST INDEPENDENCE INDIA

Socio-Political challenges in Post Independence India-Influence of socialist ideology-Tribal
Movements-Peasant Movements -Trade Union Movements-
Movements for Land Reform - Environmental Movements-Nexalite Movement-Women’s
movements in post colonial India-Dait Movements-Mandal Commission Report-Religious and
Revivalist Movements

REFERENCES

Gail, Omvedt, Dalits and the Democratic Revolution – Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit Movement in
Colonial India. New York, U.S.A: Sage Publications.

Barbara Joshi, R. Untouchable!: Voices of the Dalit Liberation Movement.

London, U.K.: Zed Books.

Samaddara, Ranabira and Ghanshyam Shah, Dalit Identity and Politics. New
York, U.S.A.: Sage Publications.

Jitendra, Prasad, Tribal Movements in India. New Delhi: Kilaso Books.

Virginius Xaxa,. State, Society and Tribes: Issues in Post-Colonial India. London,U.K.: Pearson.

Suresh Kumar Singh, Tribal Movements in India. New Delhi: Manohar

Publishers.

T.K Oommen, Protest and Change: Studies in Social Movements. Sage: New Delhi, 1990.

J.C, Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, New Haven: Yale
University Press.,1985.
Prathama Banerjee, , Politics of Time, ‘Primitives’ and History-Writing in a Colonial
Society.,New York: Oxford University Press,2006.

Radha Kumar, The History of Doing: An Illustrated Account of Movement for Women’s Rights
and Feminism in India, 1800-1990. New Delhi,2006. Zuban, an imprint of Kali for Women.
Originally published in 1993.

Ashish Kothari, and Rajiv Bhartari, ‘Narmada Valley Project: Development or Destruction?’,
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 19, No.
22/23, (June, 2-9, 1984):

Martell, Luke Ecology and Society: An Introduction, Cambridge , Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
Oxford, UK. 1995.

Mukul, ‘Villages of Chipko Movement’, Economic and Political,

Weekly, Vol. 28, No. 15Apr. 10, 1993.

Padam Nepal, Environmental Movements in India: Politics of Dynamism andTransformations,

Authorspress, Delhi, 2009.
Ratna Reddy.V., ‘Environmental Movements in India:Some Reflections’, Journal of Indian
School of Political Economy, Vol. 10,No. 4, October-December, 1998, pp. 685-695.

Christopher Rootes, ‘Environmental Movements: From the Local to the

Global’, Environmental Politics, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1999, pp. 1-12.
Dasarathi Bhuyan , Naxalism: Issues and Concerns,

Alpa Shah and Dhruv Jain,’ Naxalbari at its Golden Jubilee: Fifty recent books on the Maoist
movement in India’ , Modern Asian Studies Journal, 2017.

Praksh Singh, The Nexalite Movement in India,

Bipan Chandra, India Since Independence, (jointly with Mridula Mukherjee and Aditya
Mukherjee), New Delhi, 1999.

……………….,Essays on Contemporary India,

Ramachandra Guha, India After Gandhi,Delhi,2007.

Gurcharan Das,India Unbound: The Social and Economic Revolution from Independence
to the Global Information Age.

Singha Roy,Peasant Movement in Post Colonial India:New Delhi,2004.

 K.S.Singh,Tribal Movements In India,New Delhi,2004.

MODULE IV SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN MODERN KERALA

Transformation of Kerala society under colonialism-Birth of modernity and alternatives-

education, public space and print culture-Leftist Movements-vision for a new Kerala-Peasant
Movements-Nexal Movement-Environmental MovementsMovements and identity politics-
Library and Literacy Movement- Land Reforms and its Impact-Local Self Government-
People’s campaign Programme- public health-Internal and External Migration

REFERENCES
P J.Cheriyan,ed. Perspectives on Kerala History,Trivandrum.

K.N Ganesh, Exercises in Modern Kerala Hhistory,NBS,2012.

Govinda Pilla, P. Library Movement in Kerala. In ISLC Bulletin 44 (1). 1999. p. 39-4 .

K K Kusuman,Extremist Movement in Kerala,Trivandrum..

Sreedhra Menon, A. Ed. Kerala District Gazetteers. Trivandrum: '962. p. 960.

Grandhasala Manual (Malayalam). Grandhasala Sangham. Trivandrum: 1947. p. 47

Ramanujan Nair, P. Library Movement in Kerala. Trivandrum: Writers Club. 1974.

N.Krishnaji ‘Agrarian Relations and the Left Movement in Kerala A Note on Recent Trends,
Economic and Political Weekly , Mar. 3, 1979, Vol. 14, No. 9 (Mar. 3, 1979), pp. 515-521

T M Thomas Isaac, The National Movement and the Communist Party in

Kerala,Social ScientistVol. 14, No. 8/9 (Aug. - Sep., 1986), pp. 59-80

E M S Namboodiripad, A short History of Peasant Movement in Kerala, Bombay:Peoples

Publishing House,1943.

………..,Kerala Yesterday,Today and Tomorrow,Calcutta:national Book Agency,1967..

. ………, Kerala society and Politics:A Historical Survey,New Delhi:National Book

Centre,1984.

Ajitha, Nexal Bari of Kerala :Memoir of a young Revolutionary,New Delhi,2008.

 P.Radhakrishnan,Peasant Struggles, Land Reforms and Social Change: Malabar, 1836-
1982 ,New Delh,1989.

Suma Scaria, ‘Changes in Land Relations: The Political Economy of Land Reforms in a Kerala
Village’ , Economic and Political Weekly , june 26-july 9, 2010, Vol. 45, No. 26/27 pp. 191-
198.

. Ronald J. Herring ,’Abolition of Landlordism in Kerala: A Redistribution of Privilege’

,Economic and Political Weekly , Jun. 28, 1980, Vol. 15, No. 26 (Jun. 28, 1980).

Oommen. M A., Land Reforms and Socio-Economic Change in Kerala – An Introductory Study,
The Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, Bangalore,1971.

. ………… “Land Reforms and Economic Change: Experience and Lessons from Kerala” in
Prakash (ed.), Kerala’s Economy: Performance, Problems and Prospects (New Delhi: Sage
Publications Private Ltd).

Karan, P. P. ‘Environmental Movements in India’, American Geographical Society, Vol. 84, No.
1, 1994,p. 33 .

Omana Russel, ‘New environmentalism of Kerala for Sustainability’, OIDA Interational Journal
of Sustainable development,vol.8,No.06, 2015,pp.73-78.

Madhav Gadgil, and Ramchandra Guha ‘Towards a Perspective on

Environmental Movements in India’, The Indian Journal of Social Work, Vol..No. 59, Issue I,
Part 2, 1998. pp. 450-472.

.E MS, Keralam Malayaliyude Mathrubhumi,

. K.C. Zachariah, E.T. Mathew and S.Irudaya Rajan, Impact of Migration on Kerala's Economy
and Society, October 2008,https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2435.00135.

Udaya S Mishra S Irudaya Rajan, Internal Migration,2018.

Malabar Migration. "Reference to Malabar Migration" Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback

Machine, ,

Abraham Nedungatt, Kanappuratheku Oru Prayanam ,

Sen, Sukomal, Working Class of India: History of Emergence and Movement: 1830-1970,
Kolkata: K.P. Bagchi,1979.

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3E 08 Economic History of Modern India Elective 4

HIS 3E 08 ECONOMIC HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA

Objectives

• Ability to understand major debates in Indian Economic history

• Ability to understand different colonial economic policies and their impact on the
Indian economy.
• Ability to recognize the development of capitalism, industries and markets in
India
• Ability to grasp the role of Indian capital and the impact of colonial economic
policies in the emergence of the Indian national movement.
• Ability to grasp the idea of the political economy of liberalization.

Learning Outcome
• Enable the students to identify the debates in Indian Economic History.
• Enable the students to correlate the colonial economic policies and their impact on the
Indian economy.
• Enable the students to formulate theories on the development of capitalism in India.
• Enable the students to critique the political economy of liberalization that occurred on the
economic front during the 1990s.
• Enable the students to critically evaluate the basic contradictions of the economic policies
vis-à-vis the Indian people.

Module I: Writings on Colonial Economy

Historiography of colonial economy- Economic nationalism- The drain of wealth debate-

The de-industrialization debate- Commercialization of agriculture.
Module II: Colonial Interventions on Land and Agriculture

Agrarian settlements -Zemindari, Riotwari, Mahalwari-debate on agrarian growth and

stagnation- Effects of periodic settlements on economy- Growth of plantation
economy- Colonial forest policies.
Module III: Colonialism and Indian industry

Patterns of industrialization- Capitalism, colonialism and the dependent urbanization-

Indian markets and their nature- Development of labour unions
Module IV: Nationalism and Indian capital

National movement and Indian social groups –the peasantry, the land lords, the
capitalists- The great depression and its impact- Bengal famine- Tata plan and Bombay
plan- Economic planning – five year plans – License raj- Critique of the Nehruvian
model- Towards globalization- The political economy of liberalization.

References

Bagchi, A K, Political economy of under development, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,

1982.

Brass, Paul R., The politics of India since Independence, Cambridge University Press, New
Delhi,1994.

Chakrabarthy, Dipesh, Re-thinking working class History: Bengal 1890-1940, Princeton

University Press, New Jersey, 2000.

Chandra, Bipan, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India: Economic policies of
Indian National Leadership,1880-1905, Har Anand, New Delhi, 2010.

---------------- , Essays on Colonialism, Orient Black Swan, New Delhi,1999.

----------------- , Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India, Sangam Books, New Delhi,1996.

Chandra, Bipan, et al., India since Independence, Penguin, New Delhi, 2000.

Desai, A.R., Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Popular Prakasan, New Delhi,1987.

Dutt, R C, Economic history of India, vol.I & VolI, South Asia Books, New Delhi,1949.

Dutt, R P, India Today, Peoples Publishing House, New Delhi,1949.

Guha,Ramachandra, India after Gandhi,The history of the world’s largest democracy, Harper
Collins, New Delhi, 2007.
Habib, Irfan, Essays in Indian History: towards Marxist perception, Tulika, Delhi,

----------------,Thapan Ray Choudhuri (ed.),The Cambridge economic history of India, Vol.I,

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982.

---------------- ,Indian Economy ,1858-1914, Volume 28 of People’s History India, Tulika Books,
Delhi, 2016.

Kumar,Dharma (ed.) ,The Cambridge Economic History of India, ,1751-1970, Vol.II, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1983.

Metcalf, R. Thomas, Ideologies of the Raj, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.

Naoroji, Dadabai, Poverty and UnBritish rule in India, Publication Division, Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting, Delhi, 1962.

Rothermund, Dietmar, India in its Great depression,1929-1939, Manohar, 1992.

Roy, Thirthankar, Economic history of India:1856-1947, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,
2000.

Sarkar, Sumit, Modern India 1885-194, MacMillan, New Delhi, 2000.

Seal, Anil, The emergence of Indian Nationalism: Complications and collaborations of

later Nineteenth century, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1971.

Stokes, Eric, Peasants and the Raj: Studies in Agrarian Society and Peasant Rebellion in
Colonial India, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, 1996.

Tomlinsion, B R , Economy of Modern India 1860-1970,Cambridge University Press, New

Delhi,1996.

III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3E 09 Gender and Caste in Modern India Elective 4

HIS 3E 09 GENDER AND CASTE IN MODERN INDIA

Objectives

Create awareness among students about the ideologies and social factors leading to the
marginalization of women. Expose the students to cultural and socio-economic dimensions
within gender frameworks.

Learning Outcome

Students become more sensitized towards gender and caste issues prevailing in society and
search for solutions using historical tools.

MODULE I: Gender in colonial India-colonial perception of Indian women- process of

gendering- female education, clothing and public sphere- colonial legislation- abolition of sati-
widow remarriage- age of consent- -women’s suffrage- the Sarda Act

MODULE II: Colonial caste studies-census - Colonial Anthropology- The Caste Question:
Phule, Gandhi, Periyar, Ambedkar. Decolonisation and Independence interpretations, Orientialist
discourses, Nationalist uses of caste and its politicization, Homo Hierachicus-Louis Dumont,
David Washbrook- Sanskritisation-M N Sreenivas - Marxist, and subaltern historiographies and
caste-dalit studies in Kerala

MODULE III: Historical Developments of Social Reform Movements and women - The
Colonial and Nationalist Responses- Writings of Jyotibarao Phule,Narayana Guru- - Ambedkar,
Gandhi- Upper caste reformers- Caste and its relationship to gender and class - Representations
of gender in literature

MODULE IV: Caste, Class and Community, Caste and Woman’s Question -Recasting of
Women: Controversies and Debates on Gender in Modern Indian History - National Movement
and the genesis of feminism, AIWC-Quit India Movement - Women’s revolutionary activities-
Women’s Organisation in pre-Independence period: WIA, AIWC

References

Ajay Skaria. Hybrid Histories: Forests, Frontiers and Wildness in Western India. New York:
Oxford University Press. 1999
Anupama Rao, The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India, Permanent Black,
Delhi, 2009
B.R Ambedkar, Castes in India: Their Mechanism, Genesis and Development, Source: Indian
Antiquary, May 1917, Vol. XLI. Available online: http://www.ambedkar.org/ambcd/01.Caste
%20in%20India.htm

B.R. Ambedkar, 1944. Annihilation of Caste: Available online at:

http://ambedkar.org/ambcd/02.Annihilation%20of%20Caste.htm
Badri Narayan, , and A.R. Misra (ed.), Multiple Marginalities: An Anthology of Identified Dalit
Writing, Manohar, Delhi, 2004.
Bandopadhyaya S., Caste, Culture and Hegemony, Sage, New Delhi, 2003.
Burton, A. Burdens of History: British Feminists, Indian Women and Imperial Culture.
University of North Carolina Press, 1994.
C.J. Baker and D.A. Washbrook, South India: political institutions and political change, 1880–
1940. Delhi: Macmillan, 1975.
Christopher Baker, The Politics of South India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Devika, J , Her Self: Gender and Early Writings of Malayalee Women , Orient Blackswan, 2005
Pradeepan Pambirikkunnu, Dalit soundaryasasthram, DC Books, 2011.

Devika,J, Kulasthreeyum Chanthappennum Undayathengane?, CDS Thiruvananthapuram,

2011

Eugene Irschick, Politics and Social Conflict in South India: the Non-Brahman Movement
and Tamil Separatism 1916–1929. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969

Friedrich Engels, The Origin of Family, Private Property and the State
Gail Omvedt , Dalits and the Democratic Revolution : Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit Movement in
Colonial India, New Delhi, Sage, 2004.
Gail Omvedt, , Violence against Women: New Movements and New Theories in India, New
Delhi: Kali For women, 1990.
Geetha V. and S.V. Rajadurai, Towards Non-Brahmin Millennium, Samya, Calcutta, 1999.
Gopal Guru, Atrophy in Dalit Politics, VAK, Bombay, 2005
Geraldine Forbes, Women in Modern India. New Delhi: OUP, 1998

Godavari Parulekar, Adivasis Revolt: The Story of Warli Peasants in Struggle, Calcutta:
National Book Agency, 1975.

Ishita-Banerjee Dube, (ed.), Caste in History, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Joanna Liddle and Rama Joshi, Daughters of Independence, New Delhi, 1986.
Kamala Bhasin, and Nighat Said Khan. Some Questions on Feminism and Its Relevance in
South Asia., Kali For Women, New Delhi, 1986.
Kum Kum Sangari & Uma Charkravarty, From Myth to Market: Essays on Gender, (eds). New
Delhi: Manohar, 1999

Kumkum Sangari, and Sudesh Vaid (eds.). Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial India, New
Delhi: OUP, 2003.
Louis Dumont, Homo Hierarchicus: the caste system and its implications. London: Weidenfeld
and Nicolson, 1970.
M. N. Srinivas (ed.) Caste: In Its 20th century Avatar. Viking, Delhi:
Maitrayee Chaudhuri (ed.) Feminism in India, Kali for Women, New Delhi, 2004
Marguerite Ross Barnett, The Politics of Cultural Nationalism in South India. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1976
Maria Mies, Indian Women and Patriarchy. Delhi: Concept, 1980.
Mocormark, C. and M. Strathern. Nature, Culture and Gender. CUP,1980.
Nanda, B.R. Indian Women: From Purdah to Modernity. Delhi: Vikas, 1976.
Neera Desai, and Maithreyi Krishnaraj. Women and Society in India. Delhi: Ajantha, 1987.

Nicholas B Dirks, Castes of Mind – Colonialism and the Making of Modern India, Princeton
University Press, 2001.

Nivedita Menon , Gender and Politics in India, OUP, New Delhi. 1999.
Oakely, A. Sex, Gender and Society. New York: Harper and Row, 1972.
Orsini Francesca, The Hindi Public Sphere 1920-1940: Language and Literature in the Age
of Nationalism, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Oxford Anthology of Malayalam Dalit Writing-(eds.)M Dasan, et.al ,OUP,2015.

P. K. Datta , Carving Blocs: Communal Ideology in Early Twentieth Century Bengal. Delhi:
Oxford University Press, 1999.
Prachi Deshpande, Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 1700-
1960, Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2006
Pradeepan Pambirikkunnu, Dalit padanam, Swathwam, Samskaram, Sahithyam,State Institute of
Language, Kerala, 1917.

Prathama Banerjee, Politics of Time: 'Primitives' and History-writing in a Colonial Society. New
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006
Pushpa Joshi (Compiler), Gandhi on Women: (Collection of Mahatma Gandhi's Writings
and Speeches on Women)
Rekha Pande, Women's History, in Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, in Fitzroy
Dearborn Publishers, London, 1999.

Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, Caste, Politics and the Raj: Bengal 1872-1937, Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi,
1990.
Sharmila Rege, Writing Caste/Writing Gender: Narrating Dalit Women’s Testimonios, Zubaan,
Delhi, 2006.
Sharmila Rege. Sociology Of Gender, London: Sage, 2003.
Sita Anantharaman, Women in India: A Social And Cultural History, Vol.II, ABC Clio, 2009.
Srinivas M.N. Village, Caste, Gender and Method: Essays in Indian Social Anthropology. Delhi:
OUP, 1998.
Srinivas M.N., Caste in Modern India: And other Essays, Asia Publishing House, 1962.

Subaltern studies: writings on South Asian history and society, Volume 1 to XII
Sudhir Chandra, The Oppressive Present: Literature and Social Consciousness in Colonial
India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Sumathi Ramaswamy, Passions of the Tongue, Delhi: Manohar, 2001

Sumit Sarkar, Writing Social History. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Sumit Sarkar, Tanika Sarkar, (eds.), Women and social reform in Modern India, 2 volumes,
Sumit Sarkar, Tanika Sarkar(eds.), Caste in modern India: A Reader, Permanent Black, 2015
Susan, Bayly, Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the
Modern Age, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Susie Tharu and Lalita K., Introduction to women writing in India, Delhi, 1991.
Stree Shakti Sanghatana, We were making History, New Delhi, 1989.
Tanika Sarkar, Hindu Wife, Hindu Nation, Permanent Black , 2003.
Uma Chakravarti, Rewriting History: Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai, New Delhi, Kali for
Women, 1994
Urvashi Butalia, Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition, New Delhi, Penguin, 1998.
 III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3E 10 SELECTED THEMES IN ANCIENT Elective 4
WORLD HISTORY

Objectives

Prehistory refers to that phase of human history when the earth was still taking place and man
was evolving biologically through various extinct species from the primates to their present
form. The primary objective of this paper is to introduce the fundamentals of prehistory, early
tool technologies and the nature of the paleo-environment. It explores the areas of human
evolution, development of agriculture, domestication of animals and so on. Besides prehistoric
features, here an attempt is made to provide some information about the emergence of the
writing systems too as it is one of the primary conditions of ‘civilizations’.

Learning Outcome

By studying this paper, the learners get a fair idea about the early man’s struggle for survival in
adverse environments and the evolution of human cultures from simple to complex nature. It
inculcates values related to the universal brotherhood, historical consciousness, scientific temper
and research mind. It familiarizes the student with different kinds of primary sources and the
methods of their collection and analysis. Students will be able to undertake methodologically
sound researches and arriving at logical conclusions or interpretations.

Module I

Pre-History: Definition, aims and scope, inter-disciplinary nature-retrieving data in the fields
and laboratories- Proto History

Palaeo environment-Geological chronology- Pleistocene and Holocene- Hominids-Human

evolution-Charles Darwin- early human dispersals- Archaeological records of Africa, Europe
and South-East Asia

Module II

Lower Palaeolithic cultures: Lithic technology and tool typology- distribution and variation-
important sites

Middle Palaeolithic Cultures: Lithic technology and tool typology- distribution and variation-
important sites
 Upper Palaeolithic cultures: Lithic technology and tool typology -distribution and Variation-
important sites

Module III

Mesolithic cultures: Distribution- Artefacts- lithic technology and tool typology- raw
materials- economy-pottery- animal domestication-ornaments- important sites

Neolithic cultures- Neolithic revolution- lithic technology and tool typology - economy-
important sites- issues on early domestication and cultivation-Social complexity- the emergence
of early states

Module IV

Language and Human Thought- Proto writing—Pictograms-Ideography-Logograph-Phonetic

Writing-Alphabetic Script- Cave Art- Cuneiform script –Hieroglyphics- - Minoan Script-Indus
scripts- Chinese Script- Phoenician Script- Greek Script- Hebrew

Selected Readings

Allchin, B, and R Allchin, Origin of Civilization: The Prehistory and Early Archaeology of
South Asia, New Delhi,

Allchin, B, and R Allchin, The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, Cambridge, 1982

Allen, A.B., The Romance of the Alphabet, 1937

Bellwood, P.S, Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago, Academic Press, Sidney,1985

Bellwood, P.S. Man’s Conquest of the Pacific- the Prehistory of South East Asia and Oceania,
1978

Burrows, R. M., The Discoveries in Crete, London, 1908

Chadwick, J. The Prehistory of the Greek Language, 1963

Chia, Lan-Po The cave home of Peking Man, foreign Language Press, Peking, 1975

Childe, Gordon, Man Makes Himself, Watts and Co., London

Childe, Gordon, What Happened in History, Penguin Books, 1942

Chippindale, C and Tacon Paul S.C, Archaeology of Rock Art, Cambridge, 1998

Chomsky, Reflections on Language, Fontana, 1976

Clark, Gand S. Piggot, Prehistoric Societies, 1965

Clark, J.D, The Prehistory of Africa, Thames and Hudson, London 1970

Clark. G, World Prehistory: A New Outline, Cambridge University Press, 1977

Clerk C, The Art of Early Writing, London, 1938

Coles, John, World Prehistory, Oxford University Press, 1999

Cunliffe, Barry (Ed.) The Oxford Illustrated Prehistory of Europe, Oxford University Press,
1994

David Derringer, The Alphabet-The Key to the History of Mankind, Hutchinson, London, 1968

Dennell, R.W Palaeolithic Settlements of Asia, Cambridge University Press, 2009

Eagan, Brian, People of the Earth: An Introduction to the World Prehistory, Pearson, 2010

Evans, A.J., Scripta Minoa, Oxford, 1952

Geoffrey Sampson, Writing Systems, Hutchinson, 1986

Gurumurty, S., Deciphering Indus Script, Chennai, 1999

Habib, Irfan, Prehistory, Delhi, 2001

Heras, S.J, Rev. Henry, Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterranean, Bombay,1953

Hogarth, D. H., The Hittite Seals, Oxford, 1920

Hopkins, L.C., The Development of Chinese writing, London, 1910

Irwin. K.G, Man Learns to Write, Toronto, 1958

Jain, V.K, Prehistory and Protohistory of India: An Appraisal, D.K. Printworld, New Delhi,
2015

Jaleel, K.A, Lipikalaum Manava Samskaravum, (Mal.) Bhasha Institute, Trivandrum, 1989

Kramer, S.N., The Sumerians, Their History, Culture and Character, 1971

Leaky, R.E, The Making of Mankind, London, 1981

Mahadevan, Iravatham, What do we know about the Indus Script, Neti, Neti, Presidential
Address, Indian History Congress 49th Session, Dharwar,1988

Marshal, John, Mohanjo Daro and Indus Civilization, 3 Vols., London, 1931

Mortimer Wheeler, Indus Civilization, Cambridge, 1963

Nowell, Aril and Lain Davidson (Eds) Stone Tools and the Evolution of Human Cognition,
University Press of Colorado, 2010

Parpola, Asko, Deciphering the Indus Script, Cambridge University Press, 2000

Philips, Patricia, Prehistory of Europe, Penguin, London, 1980

Renfrew, Colin, Prehistory: The Making of the Human Mind, Modern Library, New York, 2008

Sankalia, H. D, Prehistory of India, New Delhi, 1977

Sankalia, H.D, The Prehistory and Proto-history of India and Pakistan, Pune, 1974

Waddel, Indo Sumerian Seals Deciphered, 1925

Wilson, J.V. Kinnier, Indo-Sumerian, A New Approach to the problems of the Indus Script,
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1974

Woodhead, Study of Greek Inscriptions, 1970

Woolley, C.L, The Sumerians, Oxford, 1928

 III Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 3E 11 Selected Themes in History of the Elective 4
Medieval Eastern World

Objectives

The course intended to understand the material culture of the medieval East
as a part of world history. The student will tend to know the parameters of the Pre-
modern Eastern socio-economic structure. It traces the spread of Arab and Chinese
knowledge to the other world. It envisages the students to make a habit of inquiry
on the history of science and technology. It will develop a clear idea of the
evolution of the religious and political terrain of the East. It doesn’t consider the
whole Medieval Eastern land but deals in prominent history part of there.

Learning Outcome

The students will develop a strong foundation and critical understanding of

medievalism that developed in the East. They will always seek to make a debate on
medieval epistemology. Students will familiarise themselves with all arch-type
tools and their growing pattern. It will provide a strong foundation to thinking
mode about human evolution.

Module 1: Socio-Cultural Traditions

Geography of the Medieval East – characteristic features of Umayyads and

Abbasids - ethnicity – religious spaces – Oriental religions – Arab poetry – Persian
world - Chinese experiences: Confucianism - Buddhism –– gender position –
social institutions – Sufi culture

Module 2: Political Aspects:

Medieval political practices – – tribal structure - Khilafah – Abbasids, Fatimid,
and Mamluks - Crusades – Christendom – decentralized regional powers –
invasion – war politics – Chinese voyages – Han, Sui, Tang, Song and Ming
empires - Pax Mongolica

Module 3: Science and Technology:

Development of science and technology – China: Grand Canal - printing –

compass - gun powder - rational science and geometry in the Islamic world:
Astronomy - calligraphy – medicine - art and architecture – Khwarizmi, Avicenna,
Ibn Haytham, Al Razi and Ibn Rushd – Arabesque - Aristotelian influence – Arab
roots and European renaissance – debates on Orientalism

Module 4: Transformation of Economic institutions:

Early medieval East – slavery – Black Death - trade and urbanity – Chinese trade
in middle ages - West Asian Feudalism – Iqta – Muqti – urban China – land and
agrarian factors – popular revolts - the decline of the medieval feudal order

References:

Aisha Khan, Avicenna (Ibn Sina): Muslim Physician and Philosopher of the
Eleventh Century, The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2006.

Allen, Roger M. A., An Introduction to Arabic Literature, Cambridge University

Press, 2000.

Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, JC Lattès France Schocken
Books United States of America, 1984.

Amira K. Bennison, The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire,
Yale University Press, 2010.
Angold, Michael, ed., The Cambridge History of Christianity. Volume 5, Eastern
Christianity, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Anna Sapir Abulafia, Christian-Jewish Relations, 1000–1300: Jews in the Service

of Medieval Christendom, Routledge, 2011.
Attar, Samar, The vital roots of European Enlightenment: Ibn Tufayl's Influence on
modern Western thought, Lanham, Lexington Books, 2007.

Chase F. Robinson, Islamic Civilization in Thirty Lives: The First 1000 Years,
University of California Press, 2016.

Chen, Sanping. Multicultural China in the early Middle Ages. Philadelphia:

University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.

Christophe Picard (Nicholas Elliott, transl.), Sea of the Caliphs: The

Mediterranean in the Medieval Islamic World, Harvard University Press, 2018.

Cordelia Beattie & Kirsten A. Fenton (eds.), Intersections of Gender, Religion, and
Ethnicity in the Middle Ages, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011.

Cynthia Brokaw Peter Kornicki, The History of the Book in East Asia, Routledge,
2013

David Herlihy, The Black Death and the Transformation of the West, Harvard
University Press, 1997.

DeWoskin, Kenneth J. "A source guide to the lives and techniques of Han and six
dynasties Fang-Shih." Society for the Study of Chinese Religions Bulletin 9 (Fall
1981): 79-105.

Dien, Albert E., ed. State and Society in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1990

Dominic Aidan Bellenger, Roberta Anderson (ed.), Medieval Religion A

Sourcebook, Routledge, 2006.

Donald Campbell, Arabian Medicine and Its Influence on the Middle Ages,
Routledge, Vol. 1 & 2, 2012.
 Elias N. Saad, Social History of Timbuktu: The Role of Muslim Scholars and
Notables 1400–1900, Cambridge University Press, 2010.

F C Jones, The Far East: A Concise History, Pergamon, 2014

Falco, Charles M., Ibn al-Haytham and the Origins of Modern Image Analysis,
International Conference on Information Sciences, Signal Processing and its
Applications, February 2007.

Hansen, Valerie. The Silk Road: A New History. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2012.
Hobson, John M., The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Hodgson, Marshall, The Venture of Islam; Conscience and History in a World

Civilisation Vol 1,2&3., University of Chicago, 1974.

Huge Kennedy, The Early Abbasid Caliphate: A Political History, Routledge, 2015.

Hugh Kennedy, Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus,

Routledge, 1996.

Ibn Fadlan & Paul Lunda, Ibn Fadlan and the Land of Darkness: Arab Travellers in
the Far North, Translated by Paul Lunde (Trans.) Caroline Stone. London: Penguin,
2012.

Jack Tannous, The Making of the Medieval Middle East: Religion, Society, and
Simple Believers, Princeton, 2018.

Jacob Ruәer Mancus, The Jew in the Medieval World: A Sourcebook, 315-
1791, (with an introduction and updated bibliography by Marc Saperstein),
Hebrew Union College Press, 1999.

Janet Abu-Lughod, Before European Hegemony: the world system, AD 1250-1350

(1991), Oxford University Press, 1989.

Jerold C. Frakes (ed.), Contextualizing the Muslim Other in Medieval

Christian Discourse, Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011.

Jim Al-Khalili, The House of Wisdom: How Arabic Science Saved Ancient
 Knowledge and Gave Us the Renaissance, The Penguin Press, New York, 2011.

Joseph Needham, Science and Technology in China – Series of Volumes,

Cambridge University Press, published in 1954 onwards.

Joseph Saunders, A History of Medieval Islam, Routledge and K. Paul, 1972.

Judith Herrin, Byzantium: The Surprising Life of a Medieval Empire, Penguin UK,
2007.

Justin Lake, Prologues to Ancient and Medieval History: A Reader, University of

Toronto Press, 2013.

Katz, Victor J., ed., The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and
Islam: A Sourcebook, Princeton University Press, 2007.
Kim M. Philips, Before Orientalism: Asian Peoples and Cultures in European
Travel Writing, 1245–1510, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.
Lambert M Surhone, Mariam T Tennoe, Susan F Henssonow (eds.), Pax
Mongolica, Betascript Publishing, 2011.

Philip Slavin, "Death by the Lake: Mortality Crisis in Early Fourteenth-Century

Central Asia", Journal of Interdisciplinary History 50/1 (Summer 2019): 59–90.

Michael W. Dols, "The Second Plague Pandemic and Its Recurrences in the
Middle East: 1347–1894" Journal of the Economic Social History of the Orient,
vol. 22 no. 2 (May 1979), 170–171.

Leaman, Oliver, History of Islamic Philosophy, Routledge, 2013.

Liz Sonnebom, Averroës (Ibn Rushd): Muslim Scholar, Philosopher, and

Physician of 12th c. Al-Andalus, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2006.
Mack, Rosamond E., Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian Art, 1300–1600,
University of California Press, 2001.
 Maher Abu-Munshar, Islamic Jerusalem and its Christians: A History of Tolerance
and Tensions, Bloomsbury, 2007.

Majid Fakhry, Averroes: His Life, Works and Influence, Oneworld Publications,
2001.

María Rosa Menocal, The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and
Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain, Middle East Studies
Association of North America (MESA), 2019.

Michael H. Morgan, Lost History: The Enduring Legacy of Muslim Scientists,

Thinkers, and Artists, National Geographic Society, Washington, 2008.

Norman Cantor, The Civilization of the Medieval Ages, Harper Collins, 1993.

Ovidiu Cristea and Liviu Pilat (Volume Editors), From Pax Mongolica to
Pax Ottomanica, War, Religion and Trade in the Northwestern Black Sea
Region (14th-16th Centuries), [Series: East Central and Eastern Europe in the
Middle Ages, 450-1450], Volume: 58), Brill, 2020.

Paul W. Kroll, Essays in Medieval Chinese Literature and Cultural History,

Routledge, 2019.

Peter Frankopan, The Silk Roads: A New History of the World, Bloomsbury, 2015.

Sabra, A. I. Hogendijk, J. P., The Enterprise of Science in Islam: New

Perspectives, MIT Press, 2003.

Shaikh M. Ghazanfar, Medieval Islamic Economic Thought Filling the Great Gap
in European Economics, Routledge, 2003.

Soheil Muhsin Afnan, Avicenna: His Life and Works, Greenwood Press,1980.
Sussman, George D. (Fall 2011). "Was the black death in India and China?".
Bulletin of the history of medicine. 85 (3): 319–55.
Suzanne C. Akbari, Idols in the East: European Representations of Islam and the
Orient, 1100–1450, Cornell University Press, 2009.

Tim Mackintosh-Smith, The Travels of Ibn Battutah, Macmillan Publishers, 2016.

Tung-Tsu Chu, Wang Qingyong, Deng Weitian, The History of Chinese Feudal
Society, Routledge, 2020.
 IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code

HIS 4C 01 Problems and Debates in Contemporary Core 4

India

HIS 4C 01: PROBLEMS AND DEBATES IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA

Objectives

The very objective of this paper is to provide the learners with in-depth knowledge of the
social, political and economic developments and events that took place in India during the post
Independent period. The student will be able to master the facts, analyse them in a cause-effect
manner, critically perceiving things, comprehending different ideas and concepts that influenced
each phenomenon. They recognise the effect of the national movement in every domain of
Indian life. Independent India had to face many challenges- internal as well as external. Students
understand the efforts taken by the early political leaders to tackle them one by one.

Learning Outcome

To enable the students to contribute substantially to the development of a country through an

understanding of the historical events. They will be able to communicate past events sequentially
and coherently. Enable the students to develop problem-solving abilities at different levels-
locally, regionally and nationally. Develop international understanding. The learning outcomes
are observable and measurable through their social behaviour and involvement in the process of
national development.
Module: 1

Debates in Contemporary India

Legacy of Colonialism - Political, Social and Economic legacy - Indian secularism – debates -
State in Post-Colonial India – debates - The Political Economy of LPG - debates

Module: 2

Issues in Contemporary India

Formation of Linguistic States - Question of Language - Anti Hindi Agitation - Question of

Autonomy - Regionalism and Regional Separatism - Kashmir - Punjab and North Eastern States
-Centre - State Relations.

Module: 3

Changes in the Social Structure

Industrialisation and Urbanization - Caste and Community - Dalit oppression - Question of

reservation - Communalism in society and politics - Adivasi Question - Genesis of Jharkhand
and Uttarakhand - Gender and the rise of Women’s Movements - The land question and Peasant
Rebellions - Environmental Movement

Module: 4

Political Development and Cultural Trends

Panchayati Raj - Nehruvian Era - Indira Gandhi and Internal Emergency - Rise of Janata Party -
Coalition Government - Role of Left - Politics of Majorities and Minorities - Growth
ofHindutva Politics - Populism in Indian Politics - Educational reforms – Films and Society
– Theatre – Music and other Literary forms – Sports Nationalism
References

Achin Vinaik and Rajeev Bhargava, Understanding Contemporary India: Critical Perspective,
Orient Blackswan, 2010.

Alice Thorner and Sujata Patel, Bombay: Mosaic of Modern Culture, Oxford University Press,
1995.

Amitava Chaterjee, People at Play- Sport Culture and Nationalism, Setu Prakashani, 2013.

A.R. Desai, Rural Sociology in India, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1969.

Balraj Puri, Kashmir: Insurgency and After, Orient Longman, 2008.

Bates, Crispin, and Subho Basu, The Politics of Modern India since Independence,
Routledge/Edinburgh South Asian Studies Series, 2011.

Brass, Paul R., The Politics of India since Independence, Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Bimal Jalan, ed., The Indian Economy: Problems and Prospects, New Delhi,1989.

Bipan Chandra, Mridula Mukherjee and Aditya Mukherjee, India Since Independence, New
Delhi, 2008.

-------------------- Essays on Colonialism, Sangam, 1999

---------------------- Essays on Contemporary India, Har- Anand, New Delhi, 1993.

Challenges of Education- A Policy Perspective, Ministry of Education, Govt. of India, New

Delhi, 1985.

Christopher Jafferlot, The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India, Columbia University Press,
1996.

Chirashree Das Gupta, State and Capital in Post-Colonial India: From Licence Raj to Open
Economy, Cambridge University Press, 2016.

David Ludden, ed., Contesting the Nation, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia,1996.
Dhankar. N., Education in Emerging Indian Society, APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi,
2010.

Engineer, Asghar Ali, Communal Riots in Post-Independence India, Sarigam Books, Hyderabad,
1984.

Kapila, Uma, Indian Economy Since Independence, Academic Foundation, 2009.

K.N. Panikkar, The Concerned Indian’s Guide to Communalism, Penguin Books, New Delhi,
2003.

------------------ Communal threat, Secular Challenge, Earthworm Books, 1997

Krishna Menon, Ranjana Subberwal, Social Movements in Contemporary India, SAGE

Publications, 2019.

Kuldip Nayar, India After Nehru, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2000.

Madhav Gadgil and Ramchandra Guha, The Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1996

Malik, Yogendra K., and V. B. Singh, Hindu Nationalists in India: The Rise of the Bharatiya
Janata Party, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994.

McCartney, Matthew, India – The Political Economy of Growth, Stagnation and the State, 1951-
2007, 2009.

Neera Chanhoke and Praveen Priyadarshi, eds, Contemporary India: Economy, Society, Politics,
Pearson, New Delhi, 2009.

Partha Chatterjee, Wages of freedom Fifty Years of the Indian Nation-state, Oxford University
Press, 1998.

---------------------- State and Politics in India, New Delhi, 2002

------------------------- Nation and its Fragments, Colonial And Postcolonial Histories, Oxford
University Press, 1997

Paul R Brass, Politics of India Since Independence, Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Ramachandra Guha, India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy. Pan
Macmillan, 2011.

Ravi Vasudevan, The Melodramatic Public: Film forms and spectatorship in Indian Cinema,
Permanent Black, 2010.
R. Nagaraj, and Sripad Motiram eds, Political Economy of Contemporary India, Cambridge
University Press, 2017.

Ronojoy Sen, Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India, Penguin UK, 2015

S.Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, Vol.I, Cambridge, 1956

Sudipta Kaviraj, ed., Politics in India, Oxford University Press, 1997.

Mushirul Hasan, Legacy of A Divided Nation: India's Muslims From Independence to Ayodhya,
Routledge, 2019.

Sambaiah Gundimeda, Dalit Politics in Contemporary India, Routledge, 2016.

Taisha Abraham, Introducing Postcolonial Theories: Issues and Debates, McMillan, 2007.

Tanika Sarkar, Hindu Wife, Hindu Nation: Community, Religion and Cultural Nationalism,
Hurst and Co., London, 2001.

T.V. Sathyamurthy, ed., Region, Religion, Caste, Gender and Culture in Contemporary India,
Oxford University Press, 1996.

Vinita Damodaran and Maya Unnithan, Post-Colonial India History Politics and Culture,
Manohar, 2000.

IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4C 02 Selected Themes in Pre-modern South Core 4
India

HIS 4C 02: Selected Themes in Pre-modern South India

Objectives
The course helps the students to understand the current trends and perspectives by bringing to
light a few significant and relevant themes in pre-modern South Indian History. It helps them to
understand the regional history and enable them to compare it with the contemporary situation in
other parts of India. The course covers two millenniums and helps the students to study history
as a process by taking into account the broader perspectives of change and continuity.

Learning Outcome

The course enables the students to evaluate the socio-cultural life of the people in pre-modern
South India. It helps them to identify the trends in South Indian history and helps to derive
research problems in their area of interest. The course enables them to correlate and develop skill
in the comparative analysis of situations in various parts of the country. It enables them to
formulate persuasive arguments in the area of pre-modern South Indian history.

Module I: Sources and Historiography

Archaeological sources – Archaeological excavations – Arikamede – Kodumanal – Pattanam –

Recent excavations at Keezhadi and the problem of chronology – Evidences of Iron Age society
– Inscriptions – Meikeerthis and land grants – Early Tamil literature – Nationalist Historiography
to the present – ‘centralised’, ‘segmentary’ and ‘feudal’ state models

Essential Readings

Department of Archaeology, Keeladi: An Urban Settlement of Sangam Age on the banks of River
Vaigai, Chennai, 2019.

K. Kailasapathy, Tamil Heroic Poetry, London, 1968.

Kesavan Veluthat, The Political Structure of Early Medieval South India, (1993), New Delhi,
2012.

R.K. Mohanty, V. Selvakumar, ‘The Archaeology of the Megaliths in India: 1947-1997’, Indian
Archaeology in Retrospect, Vol.1, 2002, pp.313-52.
Rajan Gurukkal, Social formations of Early South India, New Delhi, 2010.

Module II: Formation of Early South Indian Society

Early Tamil society – Problem of early Social formations – Methodological issues of early Tamil
poetics – Concept of Tinai – forms of production and forces of change in early Tamil society –
Expansion of plough agriculture – Rise of non-cultivating intermediaries – Writing and literacy
in South India – Formation of chiefdoms – Velir and Ventar – Re-interpretations of Indo-Roman
trade – Migrations and settlement – Infiltration of ideas and institutions – Break up of early
Tamil culture

Essential Readings

K. Sivathamby, ‘Early South Indian Society and Economy: The Tinai concept’, Social Scientist,
No.29, 1974.

Rajan Gurukkal and M.R. Raghava Varier, eds, Cultural History of Kerala, Vol. I,
Thiruvananthapuram, 1999.

Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Classical Indo-Roman Trade, New Delhi, 2016.

Rajan Gurukkal, Social formations of Early South India, New Delhi, 2010.

Module III: Formation of Agrarian States

Emergence of Pallava state – Early Pandyas – Irrigation system in Pandya country – Political
structure of Cholas – Debate on the nature of Chola state – Chera state – Emergence of new
Political structure in Vijayanagara kingdom – Nayakattanam

Essential Readings

Burton Stein, The New Cambridge History of India, Vol. 1, Part 2, Vijayanagara, Cambridge,
1987.
Kesavan Veluthat, The Political Structure of Early Medieval South India, (1993), New Delhi,
2012.

Manu V. Devadevan, The Early Medieval Origins of India, Cambridge, 2020.

Noboru Karashima, ed., A Concise History of South India, New Delhi, 2014.

Noboru Karashima, South Indian History and Society: Studies from Inscriptions AD 850-1800,
New Delhi, 1984.

Y. Subbarayalu, South India under the Cholas, New Delhi, 2012.

Module IV: Structure of Society and Cultural Economy

Brahmadeyas and Devadanas – Ur and Nadu – Maritime trade and Trade Corporations –
Anchuvannam and Manigramam – Nagaram – Landlords and tenants – Left hand and Right-
hand castes – Women in pre-modern South India – Bhakti movement and temples – Mathas -
Ramanuja in tradition and history – Saiva Siddhanta – Virasaivism – Chalukya and Hoysala Art
and Architecture – Temple architecture under Cholas and Vijayanagara

Essential Readings

George Michell, The New Cambridge History of India, I:6, Architecture and art of South India,
Cambridge, 1995.

Kesavan Veluthat, The Political Structure of Early Medieval South India, (1993), New Delhi,
2012.

M.G.S. Narayanan and Kesavan Veluthat, ‘The Bhakti Movement in South India’, in D.N. Jha,
ed., Feudal Social formation in Early India, New Delhi, 1987.

R. Champakalakshmi, Religion Tradition and Ideology: Pre-Colonial South India, New Delhi,
2011.

Ranjeeta Dutta, From Hagiographies to Biographies, New Delhi, 2014.

Y. Subbarayalu, South India under the Cholas, New Delhi, 2012.

References

A. Sundara, Early Chamber Tombs of South India, Delhi, 1975.

B.K. Gururaja Rao, Megalithic Culture in South India, Mysore, 1972.

C. Minakshi, Administration and Social life under the Pallavas, Madras, 1938.

Gunasekaran, S., State, Society and Economy: Evolution Study of the Kongu Region (Western
Tamil Nadu) From the 6th century to the 16th century, Ph.D. Thesis, JNU, 2007.

J.C. Harle, The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent, Harmondsworth, 1986.

K. Sivathamby, Studies in Ancient Tamil Society, Madras, 1985.

K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, A History of South India, (1955), New Delhi, 1998.

K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, The Colas, Madras, 1975.

Kamil Zvelebil, The Smile of Muruga, Leiden, 1972.

Kenneth R. Hall, ed., Structure and Society in Early South India, New Delhi, 2001.

L.S. Leshnik, South Indian Megalithic Burials: The Pandukal Complex, Wiesbaden, 1974.

M.N. Venkata Ramanappa, Outlines of South Indian History, Delhi, 1975.

M.P. Mujeebu Rehman and K.S. Madhavan, eds, Explorations in South Indian History,
Kottayam, 2014.

Manu V. Devadevan, A Prehistory of Hinduism, Warsaw, 2016.

Noboru Karashima, South Indian Society under Vijayanagar Rule, New Delhi, 1992.

Om Prakash Singh, The Archaelogy of Iron and Social Change in Early South India, New Delhi,
2019.

R. Champakalakshmi, Kesavan Veluthat and T.R. Venugopalan, eds, State and Society in Pre-
modern South India, Trissur, 2002.
R. Nagaswami, Tamil Brahmi Inscriptions, Madras, 1970.

Rajan Gurukkal, The Agrarian System and the Socio-Political Organisation under the early
Pandyas, Ph.D. thesis, JNU, New Delhi, 1984.

T.V. Mahalingam, Early South Indian Palaeography, Madras, 1967.

T.V. Mahalingam, Readings in South Indian History, Delhi, 1977.

U.S. Moorti, Megalithic Culture of South India: Socio-Economic Perspectives, Varanasi, 1994.

IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 01 Archaeology: Theory and Practice Elective 3

HIS 4E 01-ARCHAEOLOGY: THEORY AND PRACTICE

Objectives
● This course provides a comprehensive idea into the discipline of archaeology and its
relation with other science and social science disciplines
● It introduces the significance of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach in the
ancient historical studies
● It familiarizes various archaeological exploration and excavation and dating methods
● This course gives an idea about the prominent archaeological finds from India in general
and South India in particular
Learning Outcomes

● This course equips the students to get a broad knowledge of the multi-disciplinary field of
Archaeology, and a more detailed understanding of several of these disciplines and sub-
disciplines.
● It enabled the students to understand the archaeological methods and theories used to
evaluate artefacts and other data.
 ● It provides knowledge and skills of archaeology that helps the students to become a field
archaeologist or researcher
● It gives a chance to understand and appreciate the legacy of ancient cultures of India in
general and south India in particular

Module I - EVOLUTION OF ARCHAEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE - definition- scope -

basic concepts; artefacts, features, eco-facts, formation of mount or site or tell, assemblage,
industry, culture – relation with other disciplines – antiquarianism – beginning of scientific
archaeology - Three Age System theory - early field archaeologists and the discoveries of ancient
civilizations

Module II - ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE FIELD - Exploration methods - Desktop survey - Site

survey – Arial Survey - Geophysical survey - Under water Archaeology - Excavation methods -
Vertical or stratigraphical, Horizontal or open area and Quadrant methods of digging- accidental
discoveries and salvage operations – Documentation - Written documents - Site or trench note
book, data sheet, label, daily reports and final report, registers - Drawing and illustrations - Top
plans, Section Plans, drawings of antiquities- Photographic documentation- Archaeological
survey of India – ancient monument acts

Module III - POST FILED RESEARCH - Dating methods - relative and absolute dating
methods- Stratigraphy- historical dating - C14 Method - Thermoluminescence -
Dendrochronology – derivative dating methods Archaeology and theory - culture – evolution -
processual / New Archaeology - Post Processual - Cognitive – settlement archaeology – Ethno-
archaeology

Module IV- HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY- History of archaeology in India - PGW and

NBPW cultures of later Vedic period- Archaeology of Sangam age - Megaliths and Sangam
literatures - Keezhadi excavations – Archaeology of Indian Ocean/ Indo Roman Trade -
Areekamedu and Pattanam

References

Colin Renfrew and Paul Bahn, Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice
Brian. M. Fagan, Nadia Durani, Archaeology A Brief Introduction
Peter. L. Drewett, Filed Archaeology: An Introduction
Ian Hodder, Archaeological Theory Today
Ian Hodder, Scott Hutson, Reading the Past- Current approaches to interpretation in
archaeology
D.P. Agarwal, Archaeology of India
M J Aitken, Science based Dating in Archaeology
Allchin B. and F.R. Allchin, Rise of civilizations in India and Pakistan
Allchin F.R., The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of cities and states
Atkinson R.J.C., Field Archaeology
Barker P., Techniques of Archaeological Excavation
D.K. Chakrabarti, A History of Indian Archaeology: From the Beginning to1947
D.K. Chakrabarti, Theoretical Perspectives in Indian Archaeology
S.B. Deo, The Megalithic: Their culture, ecology, economy and technology in Recent
advances in Indian Archaeology
A. Gosh, Encyclopedia of Indian Archaeology (2 volumes)
Rajan Gurukkal and M.R. Raghava Varier, eds, Cultural History of Kerala, Vol.1
K. Rajan, Archaeology: Principles and Methods
K. Rajan, Memorial Stones
K.V. Raman, Principles and Methods in Archaeology
Noburo Karashima, ed., Concise History of South India
M.P. Mujeebu Rehman and K.S. Madhavan, eds, Explorations in South Indian History
Rajan Gurukkal, Rethinking Indo Roman Classical Trade
M.R. Manmathan, ed., Archaeology in Kerala – Past and Present

IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 02 Human Geography Elective 3

HIS 4E 02: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Objectives

In all social science subjects, human beings are at the centre. Human geography is a branch of
geography dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earth’s surface. It is a
wide-ranging discipline that draws together many subjects like geography, environmental
science, sociology, demography, cultural studies and so on. It tries to give a comprehensive
picture of the features of human geography in India. It familiarizes the current trends in that
subject in a detailed manner. The students can analyze the socio-spatial patterns in India and
their importance in the making of the material and cultural life of the Indians. They also know
the major tendencies in the making and unmaking of socio-spatial relations in Indian History.
Historical knowledge about the geographical settings is very necessary to understand the
cultural, social and economic life in an in-depth manner.

This paper gives an idea about humans and their relationship with communities, cultures,
economies and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across
locations. It explores the inherent relation between social formations and geographical
background. Understanding of the subject, through qualitative and quantitative methods, makes
the student aware of different issues the current societies facing. He will be able to provide
solutions to many of these by the application of facts, concepts, reasoning, analytical power,
inferences, hypothesis, etc., acquired through the subject-Human Geography. Objectives may be
measured through their performance in both classrooms and fields. Assignments, work reports,
seminars and involvement in social issues are the indicators of the attainment of the desired
goals.

Learning outcome

• Enable the students to identify the current trends in the study of human geography.
• The students formulate the socio-spatial patterns in India and their importance in the
making of the material and cultural life of the Indians.
• Enable the students to correlate the major tendencies in the making and unmaking of socio-
spatial relations in Indian History.

Module: I

Human Geography - Definition and perspectives - From Descriptive Geography to Explanatory

Geography - Critical human geography – Cultural Geography – Anthropogeography - Social
relations and Spatial processes - Spatial concentration, Exclusion and Nullification -
Contestations and struggles for existential space - Rethinking social history in terms of
spatialisation
Module: II

Geography of early India - Forests, pasturelands and river valleys - patterns of habitat and
settlement-coastline and marine contacts - resources, technologies and emergence of early
kingdoms - expeditions and empires - formation of cultural regions - emergence of villages and
village community - trade routes, trading towns and fortified towns - sacred centers

Module: III

Migrations and spread of settlements; spatial and social diffusion of cultures - sacred and profane
landscapes - religion, economy and culture-caste and socio-spatial segregation - Location and
enumeration of Spatialities - emergence of regional cultures and cultural networks – Effects of
Globalisation

Module: IV

European perceptions of Indian landscape-Trigonometric survey and transformation of living

space under the British - Fuzzy and enumerated landscapes - formation of human geography of
Indian nation – census and demography - regional geographies and societies - spatial exclusion
and conflict - core and periphery - development and underdevelopment - urbanization.

References

A.K. Bagchi, The Perilous Passage, OUP, 2005

Achin Vanaik, ed., Masks of Empire, Tulika, 2007.
Alice Thorner and Sujata Patel ed., Bombay: The making of a city, (2 vols),
OUP. Asha Sarangi, ed., Language and Politics in India, Oxford, 2008.
B. Subbarao, Personality of India, Bombay, 1954.
Carl O. Sauer, ‘The Morphology of Landscape’, Geography 2, (2), University of California
Publications, 1925.
D.D. Kosambi, An Introduction to the Study of Indian History, Bombay, 1956.

D. Gregory and J. Urry, eds, Social relations and Spatial structures, London, 1985.
D. Massey, Spatial Division of Labour, London, 1984.
David Harvey, Explanation in Geography, London, 1969.
David Harvey, Limits to Capital, London, 1982.

David Harvey, Spaces of Capital, Edinburgh University Press, 2001.

Donald Mitchell, Cultural Geography: A Critical Introduction, Wiley, 2000.
Edward Soja, Post Modern Geographies, London, 1990.

F.R Allchin, Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia, Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Glovanni Arrighi, The Long Twentieth Century, Verso, 2004.
H. Lefebvre, Production of Space, London, 2000
H.P. Ray and De Selles ed., Archaeology of Seafaring
Ian J Barrier, Making History, Drawing Territory, Mapping in British India, Oxford, 2003
K. Sivathamby, Studies in Ancient Tamil Society, Madras, 1997
Mathew Edney, Mapping the Empire, Oxford University Press, 1998
R. Inden, Imagining India, Blackwell, London, 1990
R.J Johnson, et.al., eds, Geographies of Global change: Remapping the world in the late 20th
century, London, 2003
Rajan Gurukkal and Raghava Varier, eds, The Cultural History of Kerala, Vol. I, 1999.
Rajat K. Ray, The Felt Community, New Delhi, 2007.
Romila Thapar, Cultural Past, New Delhi, 2000.
Romila Thapar, Early India from the Origins to c. AD 1300 from the Origins to c. AD 1300 from
the Origins to c. AD 1300, New Delhi, 2002.
Y. Subbarayalu, Political Geography of the Chola country, Madras, 1973.

IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 03 Science and Technology in Medieval Elective 3
India
 HIS 4E 03: Science and Technology in Medieval India
Objectives

The course intended to inquire about the manifold nature of medieval science. It is aimed
to make the view of evolving the knowledge system of medieval India. It is an attempt to
conceive the Aryabhatiya, Tantrasamgraha alike with the changing scenario of mathematics. It
envisages the students to the nature of the labour force and its’ progression to civilizational
growth. It will develop a clear practical idea in the evolution of scientific technology.

Learning Outcome

The students will express medieval techniques in light of their present understanding of the same
field. They will be created/shared with local tools and medicinal knowledge. They will propagate
agrarian knowledge and craft techniques.

Module 1: Medieval science – concepts of knowledge – technological advancement – shift in

civilization – socio-cultural environment

Module 2: Innovative ideas – Technical know how – Early medieval – Mathematical knowledge
– Aryabhatiya – Nilakantha Somayaji’s Tantrasamgraha – medicinal knowledge – Western
Ghats and South Indian agriculture

Module 3: Agrarian and textile technology – crops and tools – crafts – irrigation – spinning
wheel – looms – metallurgy – paper and printing

Module 4: Machine – Persian wheel – industry – land transportation – horse drawn vehicles –
roads and bridges – navigation – military techniques – scientific constructions of Mughals
and Vijayanagara
References

A. Rahaman, ed., Science and Technology in Indian Culture: A Historical Perspective,

NISTADS, New Delhi, 1984.

A. Rahman, ed., History of Indian Science, Technology and Culture, A.D.1000-1800, OUP, New
Delhi, 1999.

Abdul Aziz, Mansabdari Systems and the Mughal Army, Delhi, 1954.

Ashoke K Bagchi, Medicine in Medieval India: 11th to 18th Centuries, Konark Publishers,
Delhi, 1997.

Bruce T Moran ed., Patronage and Institutions; Science Technology and Medicine at The
European Court, 1500-1750, Rochester, New York, 1991.

Burton Stein, Peasant state and society in medieval South India, OUP,

1980. David Gosling, Science and Religion in India, Madras, 1976.

Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya, History of Science and Technology in Ancient India, Vol.III,

Calcutta, 1996.

George Gheverghese Joseph, A Passage to Infinity: Medieval Indian Mathematics from Kerala
and Its Impact, Sage Publications, 2009.

George Gheverghese Joseph, Kerala Mathematics: History and Its Possible Transmission to
Europe, B.R. Publishing Corporation, 2009.

George Gheverghese Joseph, The Crest of the Peacock - Non-European Roots of Mathematics,
Princeton University Press, 2010.

H.K. Naqvi, Urbanism and Urban Centres under the Great Mughals, Indian Institute of
Advanced Studies, Simla, 1971.

I.A. Khan, Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi, 2004.

Irfan Habib, Medieval India: The Study of a Civilization, National Book Trust, New Delhi, 2008.

Irfan Habib, Technology in medieval India: c. 650-1750, Tulika Books, 2008.

Irfan Habib, The Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556-1707, OUP, 1999.

Irfan Habib, ed., Medieval India-Researches in the History of India 1200-1750, OUP, 1993.
Irfan Habib ed., Akbar and His India, Oxford, 1997.

Mattison Mines, The Warrior Merchants, Textiles, Trade, and Territory in South India, CUP,
1984.

Michel Foucault, The Birth of The Clinic, An Archaeology of Medial Perception, Vintage Books,
New York, 1973.

Musaffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, eds, The Mughal State, OUP, 1998.

Noboru Karashima, South Indian History and Society, OUP, 1984.

Richard G Fox ed., Realism and Region in Medieval India, Delhi, 1976.

S. Subramaniam ed., Merchants, Markets and State in Early Modern India, New Delhi, 1990.

Satish Chandra, Essays on Medieval Indian History, OUP, 2003.

Satish Chandra, Medieval India, Vol. 1 and II, Har-Anand Publishers, New Delhi, 2004.

Seema Alavi, Islam And Healing: Loss and Recovery Of An Indo-Muslim Medical Tradition
1600-1900, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

T. Raychaudhuri and Irfan Habib ed., Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. I,
Cambridge, 1982.

IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 04 Perspectives on Environmental History of Elective 3
India

HIS 4E 04: Perspectives on Environmental History of India

Objectives
This course will outline the origin and spread of environmental history in the world in general
and India in particular. After the completion of the course, the student will understand the
various stages of environmental degradation and ruin engendered by humankind. The course will
inculcate a feeling of sensitivity and a sense of responsibility for the environment in students,
Learning Outcome
• It will enable the student to understand the history of the emergence and spread of
environmental history in the world and India.
• This course will instil a sense of environmental consciousness and responsibility in
students.
• This will familiarize students with major environmental struggles that occurred in the
various parts of India.

Module I - Growth of modern environmental thought

Two waves of environmentalism – the first wave – rise of environmental consciousness –Gandhi
- William Wordsworth – second wave – ideology of scientific conservation – George Perkins
Marsh – Dietrich Brandis - the age of ecological innocence – deep ecology and earth first
movements - Silent spring – Rachel Carson – Great acceleration – Anthropocene – Global
warming - Early humans and the natural world - Nature, human interface – subsistence pattern –
foraging – nomadic pastoralism – agriculture – agricultural expansion – migration

Module II - Environment and early Indian society

Out of Africa migration – the first Indians – Indian landscape - origins of agriculture in the
subcontinent – regional crop patterns – resource use – metal, mineral and water sources - Indus
and Vedic relationships with environment – wilderness and civility in Indian society – Indian
philosophy and environment – India’s ecological pasts.

Module III - Colonial rule and Ecological change

Ecological imperialism - Colonial forest policy – forest enactments – introduction of new

genetic varieties and effects –plantations – canal constructions – displacement and development
– deforestation - ship building – railways – population migration – epidemics – famines –
urbanization
Module IV - Environmentalism since independence

Industrial expansion – water pollution – air pollution – earth pollution – slums – dams –
hydroelectric projects – mines – struggle over water and land – sand mining – river protection –
waste disposal - environmental movements – Eco-Feminism – Chipco – Silent valley –
Narmada Bachao Andolan – Appico – Anti-nuclear movement – Environmental debate and
struggles in Kerala – Silent Valley – Plachimada

References

Agarwal et.al, A text book of environment.

Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The biological expansion of Europe 900-1900,

Cambridge University Press,1993.

Amita Baviskar, In the belly of the river: Tribal conflicts over development in Narmada Valley,
Oxford University Press,1995.

---------------- ed., Contested Grounds: Essays on nature, culture and power, New Delhi, 2008.

D.R. Gadgil, The industrial evolution of India in recent times1860-1939, Oxford University
Press, Bombay, 1971.

David Arnold, The Problem of Nature: Environment, Culture and European Expansion,
Blackwell, 1996.

David Arnold and Ramachandra Guha, Nature, Culture and imperialism, Oxford University
Press, New Delhi, 1995.

Diamoned Jared, Guns, Germs and Steel, WWW Norton and Company, 2005.

Dipesh Chakarabarty, The climate of History: Four theses.

Donal Worster, Alfred W. Crosby, Nature’s economy: A history of ecological ideas. Irfan

Habib, Man and Environment: The ecological history of India, Tulika books, 2010. John

Bellamy Foster, Ecology against Capitalism.

John Bellamy Foster, The Vulnerable Planet, Monthly Review Press, New York, 1999.

John Robert McNeill and Alan Roe, Global Environmental History, Routledge, 2013.

John Robert McNeill, Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of Twentieth
century World, Penguin, 2001.
John Robert McNeill, The Great Acceleration: An environmental History of the Anthropocene
since 1945.

Laxman D. Satya, Medicine Disease and Ecology in colonial India: The Deccan Plateau
in the 19th century, Manohar, 2009.

M. N. Moorthy, et. al, Economics of water pollution, Oxford University Press, 2000.

Madhav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi,1992.

Mahesh Rangarajan and K. Sivaramakrishnan, India’s environmental History: A Reader, (two

volumes)

Ramachandra Guha, Ecology and Equity: The Use and Abuse of Nature in Contemporary India,
Penguin, New Delhi, 1996.

----------------------, The Unquite Woods, Oxford University Press, New Delhi,1989.

Vandana Siva, Staying alive: Women, Ecology and Development, London, 1998.

IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 05 Indian Epigraphy Elective 3

HIS 4E 05: Indian Epigraphy

Objectives
Our knowledge of early Indian history depends very much on epigraphs. Epigraphy strengthens
the historian’s knowledge, understanding and helps to draw valid inferences and intelligent
hypothesis. However, due to the lack of properly trained scholars and the obscure nature of
ancient scripts, all over India, the subject faces some serious threats. The immediate objective of
this paper is to bring out a group of students with sound knowledge in the field of epigraphy
capable of surveying inscriptions, deciphering and placing them in the correct historical settings.
It cultivates the habit of using primary data and provides corroborating evidence. Mastery of the
obsolete scripts increases the confidence level of the researchers in many ways.

Learning Outcome

• The principal object of this paper is to equip the students to handle the documents of the
ancient and medieval period written in archaic scripts.
• Epigraphy is a dwindling subject all over India due to the want of experts in this field.
• This paper develops certain professional qualities among the students.
• It enables students to use primary data in historical research.
• Students identify corroborating evidence in their studies.
The learning outcomes are measurable through the performance level of the learners- both in
theory and practice. The students visit the inscriptional sites, taking mechanical copies,
understand the paleographical features and finally interpret the content. Such awareness will
be reflected in their seminars, assignments and project reports. Further research activities are
also an indicator of the effectiveness of the subject. They will be able to contribute
substantially to the field of history, particularly about the ancient and the medieval period.

Module I: Introduction to Epigraphy

Origin of writing systems – Epigraphy - definition- nature – scope - writing materials -

inscriptions as primary source - importance of Paleography - Estampage - Inscriptions-
classification by form - classification by content - Royal writs and their properties - Eulogies -
Development of Indian Epigraphy- Asiatic Society of Bengal - William Jones, James Prinsep,
James Burgess – Hultzch - Buhler – G.H. Ojha - D.C. Sircar

Module II: Scripts and Inscriptions - North India

Indus script – nature - various decipherments - contemporary scripts - Cuneiform –

Hieroglyphics - Northern Brahmi – decipherment - Theories on the origin of Brahmi script -
Asokan Inscriptions - Allahabad Pillar Inscription - Hathigumpha inscription - Nasik Cave
inscription - Kharoshti script - Gupta Brahmi - Eras in Indian Inscriptions - Saka Era - Vikrama
Era - Gupta Era - Harsha Era

Module III: Scripts and Inscriptions - South India

Southern Brahmi - peculiar features - Brahmi inscriptions from Kerala - Iravatham Mahadevan’s
contributions to Tamil Epigraphy – Vattezhuthu – Grantha – Kolezhuthu - Arya Ezhuthu -
Kudimiyamalai inscription - Nature of Chera Inscriptions - Early Malayalam language -
Parthivapuram Copperplate- Tharisappalli Copperplate, new findings - Jewish Copperplate -
Thiruvalla Copperplate – Muccunti Palli inscription - Katapayati – Bhootasankhya - Origin of
Kollam Era - various views – Olakkaranam - Mulakkaranam - Malayalam numerals - Kali Era

Module IV: Epigraphical studies in Kerala

Gundert - Fawcett - Vishakam Thirunal – South Indian Inscriptions Volumes - Travancore

Archaeological series - T.A. Gopinatha Rao - KV Subrahmanya Ayyar - Ramanatha Iyyer -
T.K. Joseph and Kerala Society Papers - Ramavarma Research Institute Bulletin - L. A Ravi
Varma, Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai - VR Parameswaranpillai - M.G.S. Narayanan – M.R.
Raghava Varier

(Students must be trained in scripts like Brahmi, Southern Brahmi, Vattezhuthu and Grantha.
They should also be given certain ideas about the early Malayalam language.)

References

Ahamed Hasan Dani, Indian Paleography, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, Delhi, 1986.

Elamkulam Kunjan Pillai, Selected Works, (ed. N. Sam), Kerala University,

Thiruvananthapuram, 2005.

John Marshall, ed., Mohenjo Daro and the Indus Civilization, 1931.

Georg Buhler, Indian Paleography, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, (1896), Delhi, 2004.

Guru Murthi, S, Deciphering Indus Script, Madras University,1999.

Heras, H, Studies in Proto Indo Mediterranean Culture, Bombay 1953.

Iravatham Mahadevan, Early Tamil Epigraphy, Harward University,

Iravatham Mahadevan, ‘What do we know about the Indus Script, Neti, Neti’, Presidential
Address, 49th Session of IHC, 1988.

Mahaligam TV, Early South Indian Paleography, Madras, 1968.

Mangalm, S.J, Pracheena Bharateeya Lipisastravum Malayalalipiyute Vikasavum (Mal.),

Language Institute, Trivandrum, 1997.

Narayanam M.G.S., Cultural Symbiosis in Kerala, Trivandrum, 1972.

Narayanam M.G.S., Perumals of Kerala, (1996), Trichur, 2013.

Ojha GH, Bharatiya Pracheena Lipimala, Ajmer, 1918.

Parameswaranpillai, V.R., Silalikhithavijnaneeyam (Mal.), Bhasha Institute, Trivandrum, 1978.

Parpola, Asko, Deciphering the Indus Script, Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Raghava Varier, M.R., Pracheena Lipi Padanam (Mal.), SPCS, 2019.

Raghava Varier, M.R. and Kesavan Veluthat, Tharisappalli Pattayam (Mal.), SPCS. Kottayam,
2013.

Raghava Varier, M.R., Asoka Sasanangal (Mal.), SPCS, Kottayam, 2016.

Raghava Varier, M.R., Kerala Archaeological Series, Trivandrum, 2010.

Raj Bali Pandey, Indian Palaeography, Banaras, 1952.

Ramesh, K.V., Indian Epigraphy, Sundeep, 1984.

Rao, S. R., Lothal and the Indus Civilization, London, 1973.

Ravivarma, L.A., Pracheena Kerala Lipikal (Mal.), Kerala Sahithya Academy, Thrissur, 1972.

Satyamurty, K., Text Book of Indian Epigraphy, Low Price publications, Delhi

Sircar, D. C, Inscriptions of Asoka, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and

Broadcasting, Govt. Of India

Sircar, D.C, Indian Epigraphy, Motilal Banarseedas, Delhi, 1984.

Sivaramamurty, C., Indian Epigraphy and South Indian Scripts, Madras, 1952.

Upasik C.S., The History and Paleography of Mauryan Brahmi, Nava Nalanda Mahavira,
Varanasi.
 IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 06 Indian Literature in Historical Elective 3
Perspectives

HIS 4E 06: Indian Literature in Historical Perspectives

Objectives

Introduce the students to the trajectory of Indian literature with landmark writings and the
historical context in which they have been written.

Learning Outcome

Students will be able to view Indian literary tradition from a historical perspective and critically
respond to texts. They will identify that the relationship between history and literature are at
multiple levels and how do they supplement each other.

MODULE 1

Vedic literature - later Vedic literature-Upanishads - Vedangas – Smritis – Puranas - Itihasas -

early Tamil works - Buddhist literature - Canonical and non- canonical- - Sushruta Samhita -
Charaka Samhita- Arthasastra – Kamasutra

References

A.K. Ramanujan, Poems of Love and War from the Eight Anthologies and Ten Songs of
Classical Tamil, Columbia University Press: New York, 1985.

K. Kailasapathy, Tamil Heroic Poetry, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1968.

K. Sivathampy, Studies in Early Tamil Society, Economy, Society and State formation, New
Century Book House, 1998.

K. Sivathampy, Literary History in Tamil, A Historiographical Analysis, Tamil University,

Thanjavur, 1986.

Kamil Zvelebil, The smile of Murugan, Brill, 1973.

Nilakanta Sastri, K.A., A History of South India, (1947), OUP, New Delhi, 1998.

Nilakanta Sastri, K.A., Sangam Literature: Its Cults and Cultures, Swathi Publications, Madras
1972.

Winternitz M., A History of Indian Literature, Vol.I and II

MODULE 2

Medieval Indian literature - Bhakti literature in the South and the North – court chronicles –
historical narratives - works on science and Mathematics

References

H. M. Elliot, Edited by John Dowson, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The
Muhammadan Period, 2, London: Trübner and Co.
Kesavan Veluthat, ‘The Temple-Base of The Bhakti Movement in South India’, Proceedings of
the Indian History Congress, Vol. 40, 1979.
M.M. Sharifed, A History of Muslim Philosophy, Vol. l, Adam Publishers and Distributors, 2007.
S.A.A. Rizvi, History of Sufism in India, 2 Volumes, South Asia Books, New Delhi, 1997.
Sachau, C. Edward, Alberuni's India – An account of India about A.D. 1030, Kegan Paul,
Trench Trubner and Co. Ltd., London, 1910.
Satish Chandra, Essays on Medieval Indian History, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2003.
Satish Chandra, Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals, Har-Anand Publications, New
Delhi, 1997.

MODULE 3
Modern Indian literature - colonial impact - response to colonial institutions, values and colonial
modernity - nationalism – identity - Urdu, Hindi, Bengali - Literary activity in south Indian
languages - Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Rabindranth Tagore, Sadat Hasan Manto, Subrahmanya
Bharati, Chandu Menon

References

B. K. Gupta, India in English Fiction 1800-1970, Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, 1973.

Henry Schwarz, Writing Cultural History in Colonial and Postcolonial India, University of
Pennsylvania Press.

MODULE 4

Indian writing in English – Vikram Seth – R.K. Narayanan – Salman Rushdie – Ruskin Bond –
Khushwant Singh – Amitav Ghosh - Jhumpa Lahiri – Anitha Desai – Arundhati Roy – Shashi
Tharoor

References

Arvind Krishna Mehrotra, ed., A History of Indian Literature in English, Columbia University
Press, New York, 2003.

K.R. Srinivasa Iyenger, Indian Writing in English, Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd, 1995.

M.K. Naik, A History of Indian English Literature, Sahitya Akademi, 1995.

IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 07 ORAL HISTORY OF KERALA Elective 3
 HIS 4E 07: ORAL HISTORY OF KERALA

Oral history is both a process (doing an interview) and a product (the recorded interview); both a
document (a source of information/data) and a text (a construction of memory and language);
and challenging (making sense of another person’s story). It is a form of first-person, personal
narrative, both similar to and different from other forms of the first-person narrative, including
ethnography, storytelling, field survey and memoir. This enables students to become familiar
with the lived experiences of individuals who have come through such experiences in their life.
Oral History also helps people to understand how society makes use of history and memory for
different actions in everyday life.

Objectives

• Understand the nature and characteristics of Oral History.

• Design, undertake and critique cultural documentation field projects applying diverse
research methods such as observation, writing, photography, video, and/or sound
recordings.

• Make students familiarized with possibilities in Oral History projects and

documentation

• Teaching practising Oral History collection and documentation by applying the best
practices available today.

• Develop critical thinking and commitment to society

Learning Outcome
• Understand what oral history is and plan an oral history project to conduct individual
and group interviews.

• Apply legal and ethical concerns.

• Discuss oral history in a community setting and as an interpretative act.

• Understand oral history interface with digital media and apply it to the process of
social change

• Develop critical thinking, reading, and writing skills.

Module 1: What is Oral History

History of Oral History – Peculiarities - Difference with Local History - Emergence of the
discipline with the Second World War

Essential Readings

Lynn Abrams, Oral History Theory, Routledge, Oxon, 2016.

Donald A Ritchie, Doing Oral History: A Practical Guide, OUP, New York, 2003.
Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson, eds, The Oral History Reader, (1998), Routledge, New
York, 2006.

Module 2: Planning an Oral History Project

Asking historical questions - Collecting historical information - drawing conclusion and identify
historical theme - Past through Individual and family histories - linking with larger narratives -
start locally and connect globally - Researchable questions and finding the answers - Oral
History Interview and related techniques - Legal and ethical issues - Conventional practices and
transcripts - information society and the digital turn

Essential Readings

D Antonio Cantu and Wilson J Warren, Teaching History in the Digital Class Room, M E
Sharpe, Inc: New York, 2003.
Donald A Ritchie, Doing Oral History: A Practical Guide, OUP: New York, 2003.
Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson, ed., The Oral History Reader, (1998), Routledge, New
York, 2006.
Lynn Abrams, Oral History Theory, Routledge, Oxon, 2016.
Robert Hassan, The Information Society, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2008.

Module 3: Oral History in the writing of Kerala History

The efforts of Regional Records Survey Committee - The Encyclopaedia of Freedom Fighters in
Kerala - The Project of KCHR - Family histories - People’s Planning Programme - Oral History
Transcripts pertaining to Kerala preserved in the NMML, New Delhi - Effort of the Communist
Party of Kerala (Marxist) since 2018 - Efforts by academic non-academic groups in Kerala

Essential Readings

http://kchr.ac.in/articles/61/Conservation-of-Historical-Heritage-of-Kerala.html
Vikasana Rekha, Govt. of Kerala.
K. Karunakaran Nair, Who is Who of Freedom Fighters in Kerala, 1975

Module 4: Practicing Oral History

Conduct Oral History Interview based upon the history of Kerala on the following themes:

Land Reform and its impact - Educational Change since 1956 - five year planning programmes -
Malayali migration and diaspora - movements of peasants, industrial laborers, teachers, women
and other working classes - socio economic changes since 1956 - Movements of the Dalit classes
and marginalized people - public health, sanitation, urbanization, women, environment, children
and Kerala heritage - cultural performances, painting, music - political incidents - impact of
globalization and information technology

(The student should individually prepare a project based upon a research problem and the final
report is to be submitted in digital and hard form.)

References

Rebecca P. Scales, Radio and the Politics of Sound in Interwar France, 1921-1939, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2016.
Robert Hassan, The Information Society, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2008.
Linda S. Levstik and Keith C Barton, Doing History, Lawrance Erlbaum Associates: London,
2001.
Robert Perks and Alistair Thomson ed., The Oral History Reader, (1998), Routledge, New York,
2006.

Lynn Abrams, Oral History Theory, Routledge, Oxon, 2016.

D. Antonio Cantu and Wilson J. Warren, Teaching History in the Digital Class Room, M E
Sharpe, Inc, New York, 2003.
Jan Vansina, Oral Tradition as History, University of Wisconsin Press, Wisconsin, 1985.
Donald A Ritchie, Doing Oral History: A Practical Guide, OUP, New York, 2003.
Jacques Le Goff, History and Memory, Columbia University Press, New York, 1992.
Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, Grove Press, New York, 2011.
H. Aram Veeser, ed., The New Historicism, Routledge, New York, 1989.
K.N. Ganesh, et. al., History of the Communist Party in Kerala (Mal.), (III Vols), Chintha,
Thiruvananthapuram, 2018.
K. Karunakaran Nair, Who is Who of Freedom Fighters in Kerala, 1975.

E.M.S. Namboodirippad, Keralam Malayalikalude Mathrubhumi (mal.), Chintha,

Thiruvananthapuram, Reprint 2018.

IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 08 ARCHIVAL STUDIES AND Elective 3
DOCUMENTATION IN INDIA

HIS 4E 08: ARCHIVAL STUDIES AND DOCUMENTATION IN INDIA

This course is an introduction to the archives and records management fields. It provides a
survey of principles and practices applied by archivists and records managers. This course will
teach how components of archives and records administration fit together and how the ‘digital
turn’ has transformed the subject and skill. The course will also discuss the nature of
documentation and record-keeping in contemporary society and the different types of institutions
with responsibility for records. The course will be a combination of lecture, discussion, and
problem-solving. It requires participants to conduct field visit and writing. Critical reading of
course materials is also essential to stimulate active participation in-class exercises.

Objectives
The object of the course is the development of knowledge and methodology instruments
necessary for archival activity and management. The students have to understand the history of
archival management, newer versions of archives and scientific conservation of documents. It is
also intended to familiarize the student with new possibilities and threats that emerged with the
digital turn in the archival activity.

Learning Outcome

• Explain the basic terminology and concepts used in records management and archival
administration.
• Describe the evolution of methods and technologies used to create, store, organize, and
preserve records.
• Discuss the various environments and cultural contexts where records and documents are
created, managed, and used and the reasons why societies, cultures, organizations, and
individuals create and keep records.
• Describe the core components of archival programs like an appraisal, acquisition/disposition,
inventory, arrangement, description, preservation, access, use and outreach.
• Describe and discuss legal and ethical issues surrounding archives and records
administration.
• Explain the possibilities and problems of digital archiving.

MODULE I: Archives and Archival studies

Definitions - Meaning- History of Archives Keeping – Europe – USA – India - Ancient

Medieval - Modern periods - Characteristics of Archives - Classification of Records - Archivist -
Private Archives

MODULE II: Evolution of Modern Archives

Paper - Ink- Paints -Typewriters – Xerox - Packaging Materials - Collection of Records -

Registry System - Record Room – Digitalization - moving image archives and sound archives -
micro film, micro-fiche - film archives - oral history archives - online archives - Archives in
Modern India - British government - Maps, surveys, photographs - legal records - Folklore and
archives

MODULE III: Uses and Functions of Archives

Uses - Historical Value - Administrative value - Collection of Statistical Data - Intellectual

Value, Social Value – Functions - Supply of Records to administrators and Researchers-
Publication – Library - Offering training - Weeding up of Records

MODULE IV: Methods of Organization and Preservation of Records

Organization – Europe – France – England – USA – India – Administration - Administration of

National Archives in India - Archival legislation in India - Appraisal of records - Record
Management, Transfer of records to Archives - Arrangement of Records - Finding Aids -
Methods of Preservation, Preliminary and Precautionary measures - Preventive Measures -
Methods of Preservation and Repair of Archival Records - Control of insects - Thymol
Fumigation - Thymol Chamber - Protective measures - Bleaching Method - Re Sizing - Full
Pasting – Backing - Chiffon Repair - Lamination, Docketing - Guarding

MODULE V: Digital Archives

Information Technology and Digital Turn - Audio tapes – Microfilms - Aperture Card - Video
Archives, Sound Archives, film archives - Online Archives - Possibilities and problems of digital
archiving

(Students should visit Kerala Regional Archives or any other Regional Archives and prepare a
report on any of the major sources preserved in it or prepare a report on an important archival
document preserved by a group or an individual. Doing field visit workshop to prepare oral
history archival document is also preferred.)

References

Muller, Feith and Furin, Manual for the Arrangement and Description of Archive, H.W. Wilson
Co., 1968.
State Archives Department, An Introduction to the Kerala State Archives, Government of
Kerala,1975.

Schellemberg T. R., Modern Archives: Principles and Techniques, Melbourne, Australia, 1956.

Schellemberg T. R., The Management of Archives, Columbia University Press, 1965

Scargil- Bird, Guide to Records in Public Records Office, London, 1896.

Tolboys Wheeler J, Early Records of British India, 1878.

Gregory Hunter, Developing and Maintaining Practical Archives, New York,

2003. Abdul Majeed C.P., Archival Science: Past Present and Future, Kottayam,

2017.

Bhargava, K.D., An Introduction to the National Archives, New Delhi, 1958.

Cook Michael, Archives Administration, Dawson, 1977.

Guide to Archives Series, Regional Archives, Ernakulam.

James B. Rhoads, The Role of Archives and Records Management in National Information
System, 1983.

Daniel J Cohen and Roy Rosenzweig, Digital History: A Guide to Gathering, Preserving and
Presenting the Past on the Web, 2006.

Judith Ellis, Keeping Archives, Alta Mira Press, 2003.

Niels Brugger, The Archived Web: Doing History in the Digital Age, MIT Press, London, 2008.
 IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 09 Perspectives on Environmental History of Elective 3
the World

Objectives

The principal objective of this paper is to provide an interpretive ecological history of the
world. It radically alters students’ understanding of environmental history. It invites students’
attentions to the environment-development debates. They will be able to understand the human’s
use and abuse of nature in the past, present and future. Mastery of the subject helps them to
develop innovative practices in environmental and social renewal. Students will be aware of
environmental issues and the need for the judicious use of natural recourses.

Learning Outcome

For effective management of environmental hazards, a sound understanding of the core issues
is necessary. The present generation is in the midst of various issues like pollution of different
kinds, deforestation, waste management, global warming, depletion of Ozone, loss of
biodiversity and so on. This paper prepares the students to manage environmental issues
effectively. They work for sustainable development. Concern for the future is one of the
outcomes. Their understanding of the ecological past can be used to educate people on relevant
issues. Their expatriation can be used in policymaking also.

Module I – Growth of Modern Environmental Thought

Two waves of environmentalism – the first wave- the rise of environmental consciousness –
Gandhi – William Wordsworth – second wave – the ideology of scientific conservation – George
Perkins Marsh- Dietrich Brandis – the age of ecological innocence – deep ecology– Silent Spring
– Rachel Carson - Global Warming – Early humans and the natural world – Nature- human
interface – subsistence pattern – foraging – nomadic pastoralism – agriculture – agricultural
expansion – Roderick Nash – Environmental History.

Module II – Environment and early World Societies

Human races– Negroid – Caucasoid – Mongoloids – Migration - Indo Europeans – landscape –

regional crop patterns – resource use – metals, mineral and water sources – Bronze Age
Civilizations - Egyptian, Mesopotamia, Indus, Maya – Relationship with the environment – Iron
Age Civilizations – South Asia, Mediterranean, China – ecological past

Module III – Industrialism and Ecological change

Industrial Revolution – Agrarian Revolution – Industrial Capitalism – Technological

advancement – Changes in the life pattern - Pollution- Ecological Imperialism – Colonial Forest
Policies – Plantations – Introduction of new genetic varieties and effects - Canal constructions –
displacement and development – deforestation – shipbuilding – railways – Population Migration
– famines – Urbanization

Module IV – Environmentalism since World Wars

Industrial expansion – Effects on Third World - water pollution – air pollution – air pollution –
earth pollution – slums – dams – hydroelectric projects – mines – struggle over water and land –
sand mining – river protection – waste disposal – environmental movements – Green Parties -
Eco-Feminism – Anti-nuclear movements

Selected Reading

Alfred W. Crosby, Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe 900-1900,

Cambridge University Press

Andrew C. Isenberg, The Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History, 1750-1920

Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology and the Scientific Revolution,

Harper and Row, 1980

Clive Ponting, A New Green History, Vintage

Donald Hughes J., What is Environmental History?, Polity Press, 2006

Edmund BurkIII, Kenneth, Pomeranz Eds. The Environment and World History University of
California Press

Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An unnatural History, 2014

Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates and Human Societies, 1997

Joy Parr, Sensing Changes: Technologies, environments and every day 1953-2003, 2009
John Robert Mc Neill, Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of 20th Century
World, 2000

John F. Richard, The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World,
2003

Karl Jacoby, Crime against nature: Squatters, Poachers, Thieves and Hidden History of
American Conservation

Linda Nash, Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and knowledge, 2006

Madhav Gadgil and Ramachandra Guha, The Use and Abuse of Nature (incorporating This
Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India and Ecology and Equity, Oxford University
Press, 2000

J. R. Mc Neill, Environmental History in the Pacific World, Routledge

Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962

Ramachandra Guha, The Unquiet Woods, Oxford, 1989

……………………………, Environmentalism: A Global History, Penguin Random House, 2016

………………………….., Saving of the Civilized: Verrier Elwin, His Tribals and India, Oxford

Shepard Krech III, JR C Neill, and Carolyn Merchant, Eds. Encyclopedia of World
Environmental History, Routledge, 2003

William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England,
1983

William Cronon, Un Common Ground: Rethinking the human place in Nature, 1995

William, Mc Neill, Plagues and People, 1976

 IV Semester MA History

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4E 10 History of the Postcolonial World Elective 3

Objectives

● Ability to comprehend the nuances, intricacies and subtleties of post-world

war history.
● Ability to understand late modern settler colonialism and occupations.
● Ability to critically grasp the forces of globalisation and differing views.

Learning Outcome

● To understand the background of the postcolonial discourse - both cultural and

political, and Marxist and Neo-Marxist theories of development.
● To grasp the beginnings of the age of extremes, the golden years of both
capitalism and the Marxist ideas.
● To analyse the late modern occupations, conflicts and disintegration of socialist
regimes.
● To scrutinize the foray of globalisation, its effects, the rise and assertion of
China, regional and multilateral organizations.

Module I: Emergence and Development of Postcolonial Discourse

The emergence of postcolonial discourse – Frantz Fanon – The Wretched of the Earth –
Dependency Theory – Core – Periphery –– Paul A Barren – Andre Gunder Frank – Samir Amin
– World System Theory – Immanuel Wallerstein – category of semi-periphery.

Module II: Age of Extremes

The emergence of bipolarity – Cuban Missile Crisis - Golden Age of capitalism(1950-1973) -
Technological and Scientific Advances - space - nuclear sector - youth culture of the long sixties
-Post-world war ‘Baby Boom’, Jazz and Rock, Hippies, Sexual Liberation, Avant-Garde Art and
Anti-Art, Popular Music, Bob Dylan-The Beatles, New Left, Anti-War Movements - ‘Real
socialism’ in the Soviet Union and the Eastern European States - The influence of
Marxism(1945-1983) - 1973 Oil crisis.

Module III: Turbulent years

Formation of Israel - Palestine question - Six-Day war, 1967 - Yom Kippur war, 1973 - Camp
David Accord, 1979 - Oslo Accord, 1993 -Algerian War of Independence - Vietnam War -
causes and impact - Anti-Vietnam war movement - Marxism in recession (1983-2000) -
Collapse of the Berlin Wall - Disintegration of the Soviet Union - Causes and effects -
Emergence of Unipolarity -Francis Fukuyama-The end of History and The Last Man - Criticism.

Module IV: The Era of Globalisation

Globalisation - political, economic and cultural dimensions -Thomas Piketty - Capital in the
Twenty-First Century - Joseph E. Stiglitz - Globalization and its Discontents -Thomas Fiedman
- The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century) - Multipolarity - BRICS -
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation - ASEAN - War on Terror - 9/11 and Iraq Invasion -
Emergence of ISIS - Rise of China - Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Reading List

Module I: Emergence and Development of Postcolonial Discourse

Amin, Samir., Unequal Development: An Essay on the Social Formations of Peripheral

Capitalism (Monthly Review Press,1976.).

Barker, Francis., Peter Hulme and Margaret Iversen (eds), Colonial Discourse/Postcolonial
Theory (Manchester University Press,1994.).

Barran, P.R., The Political Economy of Growth(Monthly Review Press,(1957).

Brewer, A., Marxist Theories of Imperialism: A Critical Survey(Routledge,1990).

Choi, Hyunsun, ‘Systemism’ in Twentyfirst Century Political Science: A Reference Hand Book
(Sage,2011.).

Fanon, Frantz ., The Wretched of the Earth, Trans.Constance Farrington(Penguin,1967.)

Frank, A.G, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America(Monthly ReviewPress,1967)

---------------------, Dependent Accumulation and Under Development (MacMillan,1978).

----------, The Development of Underdevelopment in Cockcroft, James, P. (et al), Dependence

and Underdevelopment (Anchor Book,1973).

Loomba, Ania, Colonialism/ Postcolonialism (Routledge,1998).

McLeod, John ., Beginning Postcolonialism (Viva books,2012).

Pieterse,J.N.,Development Theory:Deconstructions/Reconstructions (Sage,2011).

Wallerstein, Immanuel., The Modern World-System (Academic Press,1974).

-----------------------, The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge University Press,1979).

Module II: Age of Extremes

Armason, Johann P., The Future that Failed: Origins and Destinies of the Soviet Model
(Routledge, 1993).

Hobsbawm, Eric.,The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991 (Abacus, 1995).

--------------------., How to Change The World: Tales of Marx and Marxism (Abacus, 2012).

------------------., Globalization, Democracy and Terrorism (Little Brown, 2007).

-----------------., Fractured Times: Culture and Society in the Twentieth Century ( New Press,
2014).

Mc Killop, A. and Newman, S., The Final Energy Crisis (Pluto Press, 2005).

Robertson, Charles .L., International Politics since World War II: A Short History (M.E.
Sharpe,1997).

Westad, Odd Arme., The Cold War: A World History (Basic Books, 2017).

Module III: Turbulent years

Adrian, Nathan., Britain, Israel and Anglo-Jewry 1949-1957 (Routledge, 2004).

Armason, Johann.P., The Future that Failed: Origins and Destinies of the Soviet Model
(Routledge, 1993).

Brah, Avtar., Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities (Routeldge,1996).

Brown, Archie., The Gorbachev Factor(Oxford University Press,1997).

Chomsky, Noam and Pappe Ilan ., On Palestine (Penguin,2015).

Chomsky, Noam.,At War with Asia: Essays on Indochina (Pantheon Books,1970).

Fukuyama, Francis.,The End of History and the Last Man(Free Press, 1992).

Gerges, Fawaz.A ., ISIS: A History ( Princeton University Press, 2012).

Gorbachev,MiKhail., Perestroika (Harper Collins, 1987).

Hassan, Hassan and Michael Weiss., ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror (Regan Arts, 2015).

Hobsbawm, Eric., The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914-1991 (Vintage
Books, 1994).

Karnow, Stanley., Vietnam: A History (Century Publishing House,1983).

Khalidi, Rashid., The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine - A History of Settler Colonial Conquest
and Resistance (Hachette,2020).

Kolko, Gabriel., Vietnam: Anatomy of a War (Routledge, 1997).

Lubin, Alex., Never-Ending War on Terror (University of California Press).

Morris, Benny.,1948 and after Israel and Palestinians (Vintage Books,1994).

----------------.,Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist -Arab Conflict,1881-2001 (Vintage

Books, 2001).

Rothermund, Dietmr, The Routledge Companion to Decolonization (Routledge, 2006).

Traubman,William.,Gorbachev (W.W.Norton&Company Ltd, 2017).

Westad, Odd Arme., The Cold War: A World History (Basic Books, 2017).

Module IV: The Era of Globalisation

Bougon,Francois, Inside The Mind of Xi Jinping (Westland publications,2018).

Chellaney, Brahma, Asian Juggernaut: The Rise of China, India and Japan(Harper Business
Publications,2010).

Friedman, Thomas.,The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century (Farrar,
Straus and Giroux, 2005).

Giddens, Anthony.,The Consequences of Modernity (Polity Press, 1990).

Hirst, P.and G.Thompson., Globalisation in question (Cambridge University Press, 1996).

Hobsbawm, Eric., How to Change The World: Tales of Marx and Marxism (Abacus, 2012).

Krishnan, Ananth.,India’s China Challenge (Harper Collins, 2020).

Patnaik, Prabhat., Re-Envisioning Socialism (Tulika Books, 2011).

Piketty, Thomas., Capital in the Twenty-First Century (Belknap Press, 2014).

--------------------., Capital and Ideology (Haward University Press, 2020).

Robertson, R., Globalisation (Sage, 1992).

Stiglitz, joseph.E., Globalization and Its Discontents (W.W.Norton&Company,2002.)

------------------, Wither Socialism (MIT Press, 1994).

Vanaik, Achin (ed)., Globalisation and South Asia: Multidimensional Perspective (Academy of
third world studies, 2004).

Watson, Dale .C., Geo-Politics and Great Powers in the Twenty-First Century: Multipolarity
and The Revolution in the Strategic Perspectives (Routledge, 2007).

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4P 01 Project 6

HIS 4P 01: Project

The Project of the students should be submitted as an individual dissertation by each

student. The topic of the project may be selected by the student and finalised in consultation with
the Supervising teacher. It is preferable that the student select the topic of the Project in the Third
Semester itself and complete the preliminary works in that Semester. The dissertation should be
submitted before the commencement of the Fourth Semester Examination. A student may choose
any topic in History depending upon her/his interest. The student should select the topic in such a
way that he/she should get training in various methodologies of historical research. Field work,
Interview, Oral history, Archaeological exploration, Museum and Archival visits, etc. should be
utilised in the completion of the project. Supervising teachers should insist the use of primary
sources in the project. Students should be encouraged to use interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary
techniques and innovative methods in their study. The project should be submitted as a
dissertation adhering any standard research methodological framework in History. Though the
total number of pages in the dissertation is a prerogative of the Supervising teachers depending
upon the nature of the study, it is preferable to be typed in 1.5 line space and consist at least 30-
40 pages.

The valuation scheme for Dissertation

The valuation shall be jointly done by the supervisor of the dissertation in the College
and an External Expert from the approved panel, based on a well-defined scheme of valuation
framed by them.

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4V 01 Viva Voce 2

HIS 4V 01: Viva Voce

The Viva Voce on the project should be conducted by the College making use of the internal and
external experts who valued the dissertation.
 Study Tour
The students should conduct a study tour from the College to historical sites, Museums,
Archives, etc. as part of the completion of MA History. The study tour may be organised in the
Third or Fourth Semester based on the convenience of the teachers and students in the College.
The study tour intends to familiarise the students with various historical sites and impart practical
training in archaeological, epigraphic, archival methodologies which they have learned from
various courses. It may provide them first-hand information on various historical artefacts and
sites.

For School of Distance Education in lieu of Project the following course and Viva Voce is
offered.

IV Semester MA History (SDE)

Course Title Type Credit

Code
HIS 4C 03 Digital History 4

HIS 4C 03: Digital History

This paper is an introduction and critical examination of the emerging field of digital history.
The paper will also explore the current and potential impact of digital media on the theory and
practice of history.

Objectives
• Understand the scope of digital history.
• Develop a sense of the ways that digital history work.
• Acquire a working knowledge about the tools and methods of digital history.

Learning Outcome
 • Understand the possibilities of History discipline in the age of technology
and information
• Discover, critically evaluate, and implement digital tools and resources to support
historical scholarship, research, and teaching.
• Develop digital history resources with detailed plans for project management,
design, outreach, and evaluation.
• Engage in dialogue about digital history with historians, archivists,
museum professionals, educators, IT experts etc.

Module I: Understanding Digital History

History in digital medium - forms of digital history - Computational system- networked
information - Geographic information Systems (GIS)

Module II: Preserving the Past

Information Age- digitization - digital methods of storing data - Digital Archives -
democratization of historical knowledge

Module III: Tools of Digital History

Internet archives- websites- podcasts- blogs- social media-digital resources- Role of robotics,
artificial intelligence, 3D printing and block chain in history related activities - Learning
Management Systems and the teaching of History

Module IV: Digital Divide

Problems of the access to information technology - gender divide - social divide - access divide -
causes and impact upon the society

Module V: Open Access and Copy Right

Ownership of data- PATENTS- Creative Common License - free access - Budapest Open Access
Initiative - copy right and copy left

References
Daniel J. Cohen and Roy Rosenzweig, Digital History: A Guide to Gathering, Preserving, and
Presenting the Past on the Web, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.
Roy Rosenzweig, Clio Wired: The Future of the Past in the Digital Age, Columbia University
Press, 2011.
Jack Dougherty and Kristen Nawrotzki, (eds), Writing History in the Digital Age, University of
Michigan Press, 2013.
Matthew K. Gold, (ed.), Debates in the Digital Humanities, University of Minnesota Press, 2012.
Donald A. Ritchie, Doing Oral History: A Practical Guide, OUP, New York, 2003.
Robert Hassan, The Information Society, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2008.
Antonio Cantu D. and Wilson J. Warren, Teaching History in the Digital Class Room, M E
Sharpe, Inc, New York, 2003.
Ieda M. Santos, Nagla Ali, Shaljan Areepattamannil, Interdisciplinary and International
Perspectives on 3D Printing in Education, IGI Global, 2018.
Kose Utku, Artificial Intelligence Applications in Distance Education, Idea Group, 2014.
Steve Foreman, The LMS Guidebook: Learning Management Systems Demystified, American
Society for Training and Development, 2017.
Lepuschitz, W., Merdan, M., Koppensteiner, G., Balogh, R., Obdrzalek D., eds., Robotics in
Education: Method and Application for Teaching and Learning, Springer, 2008.
John F. Lyons, Teaching History Online, Routledge, New York, 2009.

IV Semester MA History (SDE)

Course Title Type Credit
Code
HIS 4V 01 Viva Voce 4