DEPARTMENT : FORENSIC SCIENCE

SUBJECT : CRIME AND SOCIETY

Team members:
Name Admission No.
Komal Dhar 23SBAS1200016
Krishanki chaudhary 23SBAS1010029
 COURSE INSTRUCTOR
• Dr. Shweta Sharma

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE:
 Structure of
Criminal Justice System
In
India
 The criminal justice
• The term criminal justice refers to the agencies of government
charged with enforcing law, adjudicating criminals, and correcting
criminal conduct
• A criminal justice system is a set of legal and social institutions for
enforcing the criminal law
 Objectives of Criminal Justice System

• To prevent the occurrence of crime

• To punish the criminals
• To rehabilitate the criminals
• To compensate the victims as far as possible
• To maintain law and order in the society
• To deter the offenders from committing any criminal act in the
future
Criminal Justice System as a
filtering process
 The Stages in the Process

• Observation/Report • Hearing on Pre-Trial Motions

• Investigation
• Trial
• Arrest/Booking
• Sentencing
• Initial Appearance
• Determination of Formal Charge • Appeals/Post Conviction Remedies
• Arraignment, Indictment, or Information • Conditions of Sentence

• Release

• Parole/Revocation

• Discharge
The major components of the Criminal
Justice System
Hierarchy of Police
• Director General of Police
• Inspector General of Police
• Dy. Inspector General of Police
• Superintendent of Police
• Dy. Superintendent of Police
• Inspector of Police
• Sub Inspector of Police
• Assistant Sub Inspector of Police
• Head Constable
• Constable
 Multiple Goals

• Detect, Apprehend, Convict , Incapacitate.

• Deter Potential Offenders.
• Create an Ordered Society.
 Two Different Purposes

• Control by "solving" crimes.

• Control by "preventing" crimes.
 Solving crime
• Control crime by solving offenses arresting suspects, and
processing and incapacitating offenders.
• Deals with the immediate and rests on the discovery of past
criminal behavior.
 Preventing Crime
• Preventing crime through these processes or other means.
• Forward looking, forecasting , forestalling future crimes by
present interventions.
 Measures of Effectiveness
• High arrest rates • Arrest only under extreme conditions

• Charging the highest possible • Direct violators to other agencies

crimes
• Convicting offenders as charged • Charge only according to what is best
for the person
• Sentencing to maximum terms
• Use probation/community corrections
for a short period of time
 Court

• Place where "arguments " get settled.

• Court applies the law to the argument at hand
• Court give the punishment
• Thera are mainly three types of Court
• District Court
• High Court
• Supreme Court
 Main Components of Court

• JUDGE
• PUBLIC PROSECUTOR
• DEFENCE LAWYER
 Creating an Ordered Society
• Effectiveness and efficiency of the Criminal Justice Process.
• Reliance on elements which are more symbolic and ceremonial.
• Note: The agencies in the Criminal Justice System are agents " of
the status quo.
 Conclusions and Consequences
• The Criminal Justice System is comprised of a set of subsystems"
which have different and sometimes contradictory goals.
• Personnel within agency unit can be expected to have a vested
interest in its survival if not expansion.
• System maintenance concerns are important factors in
understanding the way the CJS operates and provide a basis for
change.
 Present Conditions -no CJS agency
is completely effective and efficient
• Most crimes, particularly property crimes reported to the police
are never "solved’’.
• Prosecutorial role is often one of negotiation rather than trial.
• Judges are somewhat unsure of their effectiveness in sentencing.
• Correctional programs often fall far short of rehabilitation or
reintegration.
Functions Differ -but regardless of goals
rests on governmental authority it is a
“legal" system
• Law Enforcement
• Prosecutorial/Defense
• Trial Court
• Corrections
 Sources of Authority Differ

• Legislative
• Executive
• Judicial (Appellate Courts)
• Administrative
 Authorities
• Crimes are defined by legislation.
• Executive branch functions primarily to initiate legislation,
appoint administrators and propose budgets.
• Appellate courts interpret the laws.
• Administrative agencies and officers e.g. police , prosecution, trial
courts enforce law, collectively operate the overall CJ process and
assure various degrees of operational rule-making authority.
 Types of Criminal justice system

• INQUISITORIAL PROCESS :
• This is also known as civil law system.
• The Judge can play active role.
• The accused must help to the prosecutor and the court.
 ADVERSARY PROCESS

• It advocates the supremacy of law.

• The accused need not cooperate with the police and he can
remain silent in the court throughout the trial.
• The prosecutor must prove the accused guilt beyond the
reasonable doubt.
 Improve criminal justice system in
India
• Simplification of Rules and Procedures.
• Repealing of Outdated Laws.
• Criminal Law Amendment.
• Police as Investigative Agency.
• Judicial Accountability.
• Appointment, Promotion and Transfer of Judges.
• Efficient Public Prosecutor.
THANK YOU