Vyasa IAS Champion of CSAT Programme

3000 BC. Sadly, unlike other historically dreaded

Day - 1 diseases like smallpox, leprosy, plague and
cholera that have been either eradicated or
Directions for the following 10 (ten) items: controlled to a large extent due to advances in
science and technology, TB continues to be a
Read the following four passages and answer
major public health problem in the world.
the items that follow. Your answers to these
According to the WHO’s Global TB Report, 10
questions should be based on the passage only.
million people developed TB in 2019 with 1.4
Passage - 1 million deaths. India accounts for 27% of these
cases. India is committed to eliminate TB as a
COVID-19 has forced South Asia to take a public health problem by 2025.
quantum leap in digitalisation. The shift to
remote work and education has propelled an 2. Which one of the following statements best
unprecedented spike in Internet penetration, reflects the most critical inference that can be
with even smaller nations such as Nepal made from the passage?
recording almost an 11% increase in broadband
(a) TB has more adverse effect as compared to
Internet users. For a region with threadbare
any other disease
public health infrastructure, the digitisation of
health-care services was a watershed moment, (b) Diseases like smallpox, leprosy, plague and
providing novel solutions to the public health cholera have been fully eradicated due to
crises. advances in science and technology

1. What is the most logical assumption that can (c) According to the WHO’s Global TB Report,
be made from the passage given above? there is a consistent increase in TB deaths in
India in last decade
(a) Nepal recorded the highest increase in
broadband internet users during covid-19 crisis (d) Advancement in science and technology can
help India to tackle the TB crisis
(b) Corruption is the reason behind threadbare
public health infrastructure in South Asia Passage - 3

(c) Through digitisation and internet In the aftermath of the Kedarnath floods of
penetration countries are able to tackle public 2013 that killed at least 5,000 people, the
health crisis to some extent Supreme Court had halted the development of
hydroelectric projects in Uttarakhand pending a
(d) Digitisation ensure development of the
review by the Environment Ministry on the role
country
such projects had played in amplifying the
Passage - 2 disaster. A 17-member expert committee, led
by environmentalist Ravi Chopra, was set up by
TB is a very ancient disease and has been the Ministry to examine the role of 24 such
documented to have existed in Egypt as early as
 Vyasa IAS Champion of CSAT Programme

proposed hydroelectric projects in the Council entrusted with enhancing co-ordination

Alaknanda and Bhagirathi basin, which contains among financial sector regulators — RBI, SEBI,
the Ganga and several tributaries. The Chopra IRDA and PFRDA — assumes significance after
committee concluded that 23 projects would the government unveiled the National
have an “irreversible impact” on the ecology of Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) listing assets
the region. Following this, six private project across sectors that are to be monetised for an
developers, whose projects were among those estimated ₹5.96 lakh crore over four years.
recommended to be axed, impleaded
themselves in the case on the ground that since 4. On the basis of the passage given above, the
following assumptions have been made:
their projects had already been cleared for
construction before the Kedarnath tragedy, 1. National Monetisation Pipeline (NMP) is
they should be allowed to continue. important not only for the economy in general
3. On the basis of the passage given above, the but also for management of fiscal deficit in
following assumptions have been made: particular

2. Financial Stability and Development Council

1. Sustainable development in the Himalayan
(FSDC) will have an important role in the
region is impossible without closing all the
hydroelectric projects development of the country

2. Hydroelectric projects are essential for the Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
development of a country (a) 1 only
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (b) 2 only
(a) 1 only (c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Both 1 and 2 Passage - 5
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 The valour of Jatayu (a demi-god in the form of
Passage - 4 a vulture) in confronting Ravana is well-
described in the Ramayana. The epic also
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman will soon mentions Sampati, Jatayu’s brother, who played
chair a meeting of the Financial Stability and an instrumental role in guiding Lord Rama
Development Council (FSDC) to nudge financial towards Lanka. While we read and marvel at
regulators to relax and harmonise investment these helpful creatures in our epics, we haven’t
norms for instruments like Infrastructure granted them the same importance in reality,
Investment trusts (InvITs) to be used to however. Vultures are very important
monetise public assets like highways, gas scavengers in our ecosystem, yet India lost
pipelines and railway tracks. The meeting of the more than 95% of its vulture population
 Vyasa IAS Champion of CSAT Programme

through the 1990s and by the mid-2000s. capitalists, consultants and research agencies
Today, the country requires urgent would help to speed up this task.
conservation efforts to save vultures from
becoming extinct. Which one of the following statements best
reflects the most logical and rational inference
Which one of the following statements best that can be made from the passage given
reflects the central idea of the passage? below?

(a) The main reason for the decline in the (a) MSMEs lack awareness regarding Industry
vulture population is the use of the drug, 4.0 and its benefits
diclofenac.
(b) MSMEs and other stakeholders will need to
(b) Removing vultures from the ecosystem leads undertake major interventions to adopt
to inefficient clearing of carcasses and Industry 4.0
contaminates water systems.
(c) Frameworks and steps that can assist
(c) There is a lack of understanding and MSMEs in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies
knowledge about vultures in general have been missing.

(d) It is important for us to spread awareness (d) MSMEs should develop their own vision of
about the importance of vultures in our Industry 4.0 technologies that they want to
ecosystem simultaneously taking actions adopt without depending upon the government

Passage - 6 Passage - 7

Though adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies For 30 years, climate negotiations have
by MSMEs requires transcending a labyrinth of struggled with a frame that created an
impediments, it will make them more imbalance between countries sharing global
competitive as they will be able to offer world- carbon space, the only limited natural resource.
class quality products to customers. Development depleted carbon space causing
Additionally, delivery timings and the flexibility the climate problem and developing countries
to meet different needs will improve. As India are being pressured to limit their use of the
joined the group of top 50 countries in the remaining space as the solution. At the G20
global innovation index for the first time in Climate and Energy Ministerial meeting in July,
2020, it is imperative for its MSMEs to embrace India proposed that major economies bring
Industry 4.0 technologies without any down their own per capita emissions to the
hesitation. Proper sensitisation of the global average by 2030.
Government of India, higher education
institutions, practitioners, entrepreneurs, On the basis of the passage given above, the
following assumptions have been made:
industrial associations, trade unions, venture
 Vyasa IAS Champion of CSAT Programme

1. Coping with climate change should be the ecologically sensitive flood protection
sole responsibility of developed countries measures.

2. G20 is not a suitable platform for India to (c) Warmer air holds more moisture and results
pressurize other countries in excess rainfall, which leads to flooding.

3. Accepting ‘net zero’ emissions by 2050 (d) Europe has not witnessed such heavy rainfall
effectively prevents India’s urbanisation and for more than a century.
shift of the rural population into the middle
class. Passage - 9

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? In an insightful commentary on his compatriots
of the East India Company, the economist Adam
(a) 1 only Smith had observed that their only concern was
to build a fortune by any means and to get out
(b) 2 only of the country as fast as possible, no matter
(c) 3 only what the consequences for its inhabitants.
However, even this understanding of the
(d) None of them rationale of colonialism is not enough to
appreciate its debilitating consequences for
Passage - 8
India. To hold India, the British invented an
The floods in Europe serve as a wake-up call to intermediary class standing between
us in India to adopt pragmatic policies and themselves and the natives. For the latter, there
practices that are nature friendly. We must was no redress against the depredations of this
recognise that we will have to learn to live with class, whose excesses the colonial regime
water in the long term. Flood-prone areas tolerated as a small price for retaining their
should be identified, and projects initiated on colony.
an urgent basis to create room for rivers. Low-
What is the most logical assumption that can
risk areas such as playgrounds, maidans, or
be made from the passage given above?
agricultural fields should be earmarked to store
excess rainwater. Drains must be built for (a) East India company was influenced by the
diverting water into these storage units. Adam Smith rule India

Which one of the following is the most logical (b) Middle class was the main reason behind
and rational corollary to the above passage? the success of East India Company in India

(a) Drains must be built all over the country. (c) India’s regulatory regime needs a radical
overhaul
(b) The floods in Europe call attention to the
global need for countries to implement (d) Governance model during colonial rule had
very devastating consequences for India
 Vyasa IAS Champion of CSAT Programme

Passage - 10

Finally, 2021 offers a unique opportunity for

advancing food security and nutrition through
transforming food systems with the upcoming
UN Food Systems Summit, the Nutrition for
Growth Summit and the COP26 on climate
change. The outcomes of these events will
certainly shape the actions of the second half of
the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition. India has
a central role to play in this transformation and
offering experiences and solutions to address
the thought processes and models for a
resilient, equitable, and food-secure world.

Which one of the following statements best

reflects the most critical inference that can be
made from the passage?

(a) India will chair the upcoming UN Food

Systems Summit

(b) UN needs to reform the the mandate of

Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)

(c) Climate change will continue to affect

agriculture and food security

(d) India has made enormous progress in food

production over the years
 Vyasa IAS Champion of CSAT Programme

Solutions Statement 4 is correct. The passage mentions

that some diseases have been controlled to a
1. (c) Assumption is an unstated or hidden fact large extent due to advances in Science and
which supports the conclusion or arguments Technology. It can be safely inferred that
made in the passage. science and technology can provide solutions to
Statement 1 is not valid assumption. It is India to tackle the crisis.
nowhere indicated in the passage that Nepal 3. (d) Assumption is an unstated or hidden fact
recorded the highest increase in broadband
which supports the conclusion or arguments
internet users during covid-19 crisis. made in the passage.
Statement 2 is also invalid. No mention/hint of Both are statements are absolute statements.
corruption in the passage.
Statement 1 is not invalid because there is no
Statement 3 is correct. The passage is talking hint of impossibility of sustainable development
about how digitisation is providing novel
in the Himalayan region without closing all the
solutions to the public health crisesnovel hydroelectric projects.
solutions to the public health crises
Statement 2 is not valid because the very tone
Statement 4 is incorrect. Digitisation helps of this statement goes against that of the
governments to some extent but passage never passage.
mentioned that it ensures development of a
country. It is an absolute statement and is not 4. (b) Assumption is an unstated or hidden fact
correct as per the passage which supports the conclusion or arguments
made in the passage.
2. (d) Inference is a conclusion drawn from the
facts, data and arguments made in the passage. Statement 1 is not correct. Fiscal deficit is
In other words, it is the ability of the reader to beyond the scope of the passage
read in between the lines.
Statement 2 is correct. The passage mentions
Statement 1 and 2 is not correct. It is about Financial Stability and Development
mentioned that unlike other historically Council (FSDC) and the efforts taken by it. So so
dreaded diseases like smallpox, leprosy, plague it can be safely assumed that it will have an
and cholera that have been either eradicated or important role in the development of the
controlled to a large extent due to advances in country
science and technology.
5. (d)
Statement 3 is not correct. No mention of
Statement 1 is not correct. There is no mention
consistent increase in TB deaths in India in last
decade of diclofenac
 Vyasa IAS Champion of CSAT Programme

Statement 2 is not correct. This statement Statement 1 is not correct. Nowhere it is

cannot be termed as the central idea of the indicated that drains must be built all over the
passage. country

Statement 3 is not correct. Passage mentions Statement 2 correct. The whole passage talks
that today, the country requires urgent about it
conservation efforts to save vultures from
becoming extinct. So, passage's idea is not Statement 3 and 4 are beyond the scope of the
passage. Hence, incorrect.
about the knowledge and understanding.
(Jatayu's mention in Ramayana indicates that 9. (d)
people know about vultures in general).
Statement 1 is not correct. Nowhere it is
6. (b) Inference is a conclusion drawn from the written that East India company was influenced
facts, data and arguments made in the passage. by the Adam Smith rule India
In other words, it is the ability of the reader to
read in between the lines. Statement 2 is not a correct assumption.

Statement 1 and 3 are not correct because Statement 3 is beyond the scope of the
nowhere mentioned in the passage. passage.

Statement 4 is not correct. Passage advices Statement 4 is correct.

MSMEs to seek interventions from the
10 (c)
government.
Statement 1 and 2 are not mentioned
Statement 2 is correct. It can be safely inferred
anywhere.
from the passage by reading the second part.
Statement 3 is correct. First part of the passage
7. (d)
gave hints for it.
Statement 1 is not correct. Passage mentions
Statement 4 is not correct. The passage is
that India proposed that major economies bring
talking about India's role at global level not
down their own per capita emissions to the
about its production level.
global average by 2030. There cannot be any
assumption of sole responsibility of developed
countries.

Similarly statements 2 and 3 are also not

correct.

8. (b) Corollary is a proposition deduced from a

proposition or fact already stated in the
passage.
Vyasa IAS Champion of CSAT Programme
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) It is difficult for the girls to get

Day - 2 married after having literacy skills in
Directions for the following 10 (ten) some countries.
items: B) Girls in some countries are being
Read the following passages and provided enough educational
answer the items that follow. Your opportunities.
answers to these questions should be C) UN and other organisations are
based on the passage only. working to raise the literacy rate of
Passage - 1 the girls in world.

A study by the UN showed that D) Literacy is bane for some girls

almost 83 per cent of women and while its boon for others, depending
girls are able to read and write. upon the tradition of country
However, two-thirds of all illiterate Passage - 2
people in the world are female. This
problem is due to factors such as It is estimated that around 14 per
insufficient educational opportunities cent of the global population is
for girls or the tradition in some illiterate. Within that statistic, there is
countries for girls to get married at a some good news and some bad news.
young age. Many organisations work On a positive note, the levels of
to try to empower women and girls illiteracy have fallen a lot in recent
by teaching them literacy skills. decades (in just 1980, world illiteracy
was at 43 per cent!). However, there
1. Which one of the following are still enormous differences
statements best reflects the most between regions. In sub-Saharan
logical and rational inference that Africa and southern Asia, illiteracy
can be made from the passage given remains around 30 per cent
below?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

2. Which one of the following 3. On the basis of the passage given

statements best reflects the central above, the following assumptions
idea of the passage? have been made

A) Though, illiteracy remains a global 1. To save time, people are forced to

problem, but situation is alleviating. do multitasking and do multiple jobs
at once.
B) Iliteracy remains a major problem
and still not manageable by the 2. Mindfulness is a way to make
world. people relax and stress free from
their busier life.
C) Lacking educational infrastructure
is the main reason for the illiteracy. Choose the correct option

D) In the recent past, world has A) 1 and 2

become less focused towards the
B) Only 1
illiteracy.
C) Only 2
Passage - 3
D) None of these
For most people life is getting busier
and busier. Technology means that Passage - 4
we always have something to do and
When we are mindful, we are more
there isn’t much opportunity to just
conscious of our thoughts, our
‘be’. People are often doing two or
actions and what is happening
three things at the same time: texting
around us. We might notice a
while watching TV, or even looking at
beautiful sunset or really listen
their phone while walking along the
carefully to what a friend is saying,
pavement. People are working longer
rather than planning what we’re
hours and bringing work home. All
going to say next. We are also more
this can make us stressed, and
aware of our own feelings and our
mindfulness can be a way of reducing
thoughts. Jon Kabat Zinn, who has
this stress.
done a lot to make mindfulness
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

popular, says mindfulness is: ‘Paying Unfortunately, not everyone has a

attention, on purpose, in the present good childhood. Proportionately,
moment, and without judging.’ So we more children live in poverty than
are consciously deciding what to pay adults. 19.5 per cent of the world’s
attention to, we are not worrying children live in extreme poverty, and
about the past or planning for the even though children are only one
future and we are not trying to third of the global population, they
control or stop our thoughts or are half of the poor. Around the
feelings – we’re just noticing them. world, many children live without
access to clean water, enough food,
4. What is the most logical
or decent healthcare. Others live in
assumption that can be made from
extremely dangerous places and
the passage given above?
some are forced to join armies to
fight wars they don’t understand.
Over 120 million children do not
A) Mindfulness means to consciously
attend school and even those who do
pay attention to the past, present
are not always learning: two out of
and future.
five students leave primary school
B) Paying attention itself is enough to not knowing how to read, write or do
say that one is in state of basic maths. Even those who may
mindfulness. have happy memories of childhood
did not necessarily have an easy life
C) Jon Kabat Zinn is the person who
as a kid. Children are dependent on
pioneered the theory and techniques
the adults in their life for support,
of Mindfulness.
and not all adults treat children well.
D) A conscious attention along with
5. Which one of the following is the
free mind, thoughts and feelings, all
most logical and rational corollary to
sums to mindfulness.
the above passage?
Passage - 5
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) Children live in poverty only due to a movement of people who are

unwell treatment given to them by working together all year round to
adults. protect the environment .

B) Many children join army in their 6. On the basis of the passage given
young age as a solution of their above, the following assumptions
poverty. have been made

C) Children leave their school due to 1. In zero hour, people show

their lack of interests in the studies. solidarity against the climate crisis as
it is the need of the hour to do so.
D) Some children managed to have
good memories as their life spent 2. Switching off non essential lights
well in childhood. for one hour allows climate to heal
itself thus improving the
Passage - 6
environmental conditions
Every year, in late March, people and
Choose the correct option
institutions come together to switch
off all non-essential lights for sixty A) 1 and 2
minutes at 8.30 p.m. local time. They
B) Only 2
do this to show their support for the
fight against the climate crisis and C) Only 1
loss of biodiversity. Millions of people
D) none of these.
all around the world join in, as do
governments, businesses and Passage - 7
institutions. By switching off their
Many forms of tea exist around the
lights and measuring the reduction in
world. Green tea is popular in China
the amount of energy that is being
and Japan. In India, tea is often
used, people are showing that it is
prepared with spices and boiled in
possible to make a difference. But
both water and milk, and Tibetans
Earth Hour is more than one hour
commonly drink tea with butter and
without lights, once a year. It's part of
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

salt. In the UK, tea is typically a physical or psychological, and control

variety of black tea and can be – often in the form of threats in order
prepared with loose tea or teabags. It to generate profit. To quote Kevin
is made with boiling water, allowed Bales, 'Slavery is when one person
to brew for about five minutes and controls another, uses violence to
then mixed with a little milk (and maintain that control and exploits
possibly some sugar). And thus, the them economically.' This violence
perfect British cuppa is ready. may be physical and/or psychological,
and the control may be verbal threats
Which one of the following
– but at the heart of slavery is
statements best reflects the most
exploitation and 'ownership' of
critical inference that can be made
another human being for profit.
from the passage?
Forms of modern slavery include
A) Tea typically originates from one forced labour, human trafficking,
place then made famous through commercial sexual exploitation,
travelers. domestic servitude and forced
marriage.
B) Different regions have their exotic
method to prepare their own tea. 8. Which one of the following
statements best reflects the central
C) Tea along with refresh ness
idea of the passage?
provide immense health benefits.
A) The major reasons for modern day
D) Tea workers stays healthy due to
slavery are poverty and violence.
tea being their staple drink.
B) Global slavery index is a renowned
Passage - 8
index and reflects the correct state of
According to the Global Slavery Index slavery.
2018, over 40 million people are
C) Modern Slavery involves
victims of modern slavery, and of
exploitation of various kinds and
these, 15 million are in forced
done by other human beings
marriage. Slavery involves violence,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) Kevin Bales is known for his social 2. In Hanukkah, people lit lamps and
activities related to the slaves in put them at door in the early
modern day. morning.

Passage - 9 Which of the following is the correct

answer?
The most important part of Hanukkah
is the lighting of the menorah (a A) 1 and 2
special candleholder used in Jewish
B) only 1
ceremonies). For Hanukkah, there is a
special menorah with nine candles. C) only 2
Eight of the candles represent the
D) None of the above
eight days of the festival. The ninth
candle is used to light the other eight. Passage - 10
On the first day, only one candle is lit,
Sadly, many human activities such as
on the second day, two candles, and
mining, farming and construction are
so on, until all the candles are lit on
constantly putting wildlife in danger.
the last day. The candles are lit at
We are cutting down too many trees,
sunset and should burn for at least
clearing too much ground and
half an hour. They are usually put at
building so many roads that we are
a door or a window so that people
destroying the natural habitats of
can see them from outside.
millions of species and putting the
9. On the basis of the passage given world's biodiversity at risk. Nearly a
above, the following assumptions quarter of all species are at risk of
have been made becoming extinct in the next 50
years, and their disappearance is
1. The Hanukkah is a lighting festival
putting us, humans, in danger as well.
which last for a week in the holy
month of menorah. 10. What is the most logical
assumption that can be made from
the passage given above?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) Human beings are solely

responsible for extinction of nearly a
quarter species.

B) In the race of physical

development, the human beings have
destroyed the basic structure of the
Nature.

C) Destroyed habitats of wildlife will

definitely lead to the extinction of
human beings

D) Every country should come in

solidarity to check the destruction of
habitats.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Statement 2 is clearly discussed in the

passage in the conclusion.
1. (c) The Option C clearly talks about
the work done and efforts put by the 4. (d)
organisations such as UN in raising
As it is mentioned in the last line of
the literacy rate of the girls around
the passage that Conscious attention
the world, Hence is the most logical
and a mind in which we do not
inference.
control or stop our thoughts is
While others statements are either mindfulness.
vague or non relatable with the
Statement A talks is totally contrary
passage
to what is said in the passage so it's
2 (a) Option A talks about the that wrong. Statement C says that Jon
illiteracy is still a major problem Kabat pioneer in the theory of
around the globe though it is not so mindfulness is nowhere discussed in
adverse as it was once, hence the the passage.
situation is alleviating, is the correct
5. (b)
answer.
Among all the options, Option B
Option B and C talks about the
provides the most logical corollary as
management and reasons for the
it says about the reason why children
illiteracy which is not discussed in the
are forced to join armies at their
passage.
young age.
3. (c)
6. (c)
Statement 1 says about the reason
The Statement 1 is truly based on the
for why people are doing
passage and Statement 2 talks about
multitasking, but reason is not
the reason of zero hour and says that
mentioned in the passage, hence cant
it helps climate heal itself but it is not
be an assumption
indicated anywhere in the passage.
Hence, can't be a assumption.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

7. (b) Building roads itself indicates that for

physical development man has
As statement 1 talks about the
destroyed the forests. Hence option 2
spread of tea and it is no where
is correct.
discussed in the passage and in
Statement 3 talks about health
benefits and in passage there is no
discussion on health benefits of tea.

Similarly we can rule out the 4th

Statement. Hence, statement 2 is the
right answer.

8. (c)

In statement C, it covers the main

central idea and talks about the
exploitation and it causes.

rest all statements cannot be justified

wholly from the passage.

9. (d)

It is not mentioned about how many

days for Hanukkah is celebrated.

People lit candles and put them at

door at sunset.

10 (b)

Statement 1 and 3 are extreme

statements
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which one of the following is the

Day - 3 most logical, rational and crucial
Directions for the following 10 (ten) inference that can be derived from
items: the passage?

Read the following passages and (a) Manufacturing of satellites is

answer the items that follow. Your more profitable activity than
answers to these questions should be launching of satellites
based on the passage only. (b) India is far behind China in the
Passage - 1 global commercial space

The global commercial space market (c) India will have a major chunk of
is growing and is expected to the total revenue in the commercial
generate a revenue of more than $1 market space
trillion by 2040. India has so far (d) Global commerical market is
launched 342 foreign satellites becoming very competitive due the
belonging to 34 countries, but India presence of many large state and
has the potential to do significantly non-state players
more. Stepping up its
competitiveness, in terms of both Passage - 2
manufacturing and launching of Indicators are defined in a variety of
satellites, can change the game ways; some are quite generic in
significantly in its favor. A failure to nature and others are moulded
do so will mean losing this according to the type of indicator in
commercial market space to a certain contexts. In 1993, the OECD
number of globally competitive space came out with its definition of an
industries and other state players indicator as “a parameter or a value
such as China, which is also pushing derived from parameters, which
itself out as an attractive partner. points to/provides information
about/describes the state of a
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

phenomenon/environment/area with Which of the above assumption(s)

a significance extending beyond that is/are valid?
directly associated with a parameter
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
value”. Simply put, indicators give us
precise information about an (b) 1 and 2 only
intricate scenario in a streamlined
(c) 1 and 3 only
manner, which is easy to
communicate to the different (d) 2 and 4 only
stakeholders involved. Although their
utility is limited towards assessment,
they cannot explain why certain Passage - 3
circumstances erupt or a change
Now, it is a sorry state of affairs. We
takes place at a given time.
see legislations with a lot of gaps, lot
On the basis of the above passage, of ambiguities in making laws. There
the following assumption(s) has/have is no clarity in the laws. We don’t
been made: know what is the purpose of the
laws, which is creating a lot of
1. Those indicators which can be
litigation, inconvenient, and loss to
moulded are more suitable in present
the government as well as
context than generic indicators
inconvenience to the public. This is
2. It is not a good strategy to totally what happens if intellectuals and
depend upon indicators to analyse a visionaries like lawyers are not there
scenario as they have certain in the houses. I don’t want to say
limitations more than this. It is time for the legal
community to lead, to participate
3. OECD's definition of Indicators is
actively in social life and public life.
far from being perfect
Don’t confine yourself only to your
4. There is no single definition of profession, earning money and living
indicators comfortably. Please think over and
we must also actively participate in
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

public life, do good service. I hope In the endeavour to confer legal

and expect good days will come to rights, little attention has been paid
the country and you will contribute to the connections that define river
your knowledge, your wisdom, your systems. Despite an iteration of law-
experience, to this country and making from an ecocentric
people will feel happy. perspective, legislations have not
taken into account the interactive
The above passage is most likely an
pathways between rivers with the
excerpt from:
surrounding landscape. The
1. UN Conference on Afganistan's considerations for legal personhood
takeover by Taliban have often been restricted to the
visible channels, thereby,
2. A court's decision on backlog of
undermining the interconnected
cases in the lower courts of the
processes that nourish and sustain
country
the various types of ecosystems along
3. A round table conference on the the river and in the riparian zones.
future of World Trade Organisation
What is the most logical and
4. An anguished judge's speech on appropriate conclusion that we can
legal challenges infer from the passage?

Select the correct answer using the (a) Defining river system is a complex
codes given below process that requires more than
enacting legislations
(a) Both 2 and 4
(b) Existing legislative approach on
(b) 3 only
river systems is not comprehensive
(c) 4 only and thus questionable

(d) 1 only (c) Caution needs to be exercised to

prevent juxtaposing rivers for
Passage - 4
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

humans and arguing for rights akin to What assumption can be made on
human rights. the basis of above passage?

(d) The extent to which the right of 1. Issue of health is a complex subject
the river can be established needs to to deal in the society
be backed by scientific assessments.
2. Providing best healthcare needs
Passage - 5 critical understanding of myriad
aspects of society
Health and health care need to be
distinguished from each other for no 3. Healthcare can be effectively
better reason than that the former is provided with the help of community
often incorrectly seen as a direct participation.
function of the latter. Heath is clearly
Select the correct option
not the mere absence of disease.
Good Health confers on a person or (a) 1 and 3 only
groups freedom from illness - and the
(b) 2 and 3 only
ability to realize one's potential.
Health is therefore best understood (c) 1 and 2 only
as the indispensable basis for
(d) all of the above
defining a person's sense of well
being. The health of populations is a Passage - 6
distinct key issue in public policy
Health and health care need to be
discourse in every mature society
distinguished from each other for no
often determining the deployment of
better reason than that the former is
huge society. They include its cultural
often incorrectly seen as a direct
understanding of ill health and well-
function of the latter. Heath is clearly
being, extent of socio-economic
not the mere absence of disease.
disparities, reach of health services
Good Health confers on a person or
and quality and costs of care. and
groups freedom from illness - and the
current bio-medical understanding
ability to realize one's potential.
about health and illness.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Health is therefore best understood (c) only 2

as the indispensable basis for
(d) 2 and 3
defining a person's sense of well
being. The health of populations is a Passage - 7
distinct key issue in public policy
Humanitarian workers must often
discourse in every mature society
risk their own lives to provide
often determining the deployment of
civilians with food, shelter or
huge society. They include its cultural
healthcare. Sometimes these workers
understanding of ill health and well-
are attacked by people who want to
being, extent of socio-economic
steal food or medicine. Many conflict
disparities, reach of health services
zones also have big problems with
and quality and costs of care. and
political or terrorist groups who see
current bio-medical understanding
humanitarian workers as an ideal
about health and illness.
target to get international attention.
Which of the following is the correct
Which one of the following is the best
inference from the passage?
explanation of the above passage?
1. Healthcare and health are
A) It is easy for humanitarian workers
synonymous to each other
to provide aid to the needy people.
2. Healthcare is essential for well
B) Humanitarian job is no more a
being and living life to the fullest
lucrative job as risk factors are high.
3. Health can be defined as simple as
C) Getting International attention for
absence of disease and good well
the terrorist groups is easy by killing
being.
humanitarian workers.
Select the correct options
D) Political conflict zones always have
(a) 1 and 2 non conducive environment for
humanitarian workers
(b) only 3
Passage - 8
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

The country has made considerable D) All the countries should hail India
progress in efforts towards for its remarkable achievements in
decoupling economic growth from climate change mitigation. .
GHG emissions though. In the third
Passage - 9
Biennial Report to the UNFCCC
(United Nations Framework Meta, Facebook, and the many
Convention on Climate Change) names associated with it still face the
submitted, India disclosed that the same issues they did moments before
emission intensity of gross domestic the announcement. In the past two
product has been cut by 24 per cent months, Instagram has come under
during 2005/16, which is within and fire for severely impacting the self-
before the target of 20-25 per cent by esteem of younger users, especially
2020. those belonging to Generation Z. And
leaked internal Facebook documents
Which among the following is the
have shown the company was
most logical and rational inference
reluctant to do more to combat
that can be made form the above
vaccine misinformation, the spread of
passage?
fake news from white supremacist-
A) India should push for more supporting news outlets, and has
renewable resources, encourage devoted remarkably little resources
research and development and to combatting the spread of harmful
technology upgradation. content in developing countries
where Facebook is the dominant
B) Promoting sustainable
social network.
development is still an idea upon
which India needs to work. On the basis of the above passage,
the following assumption(s) has/have
C) India has already done much and
been made:
showing great results in reducing
GHG emission.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. One of the main reasons for boost short-term as well as the

creating Meta is to clean the potential rate of GDP growth.
shattered image of facebook. Infrastructure creation is also labour
absorbing, which boosts employment
2. Inclusive innovation and R&D is
and income generation in the
needed to check the spread of
economy and further spurs domestic
misinformation on social network.
demand. Improved infrastructure
capacities also create efficiency gains
through improved logistics and
choose the correct option among the
networks, which would improve the
following
competitiveness of the economy. This
A) 1 only can help kick in a virtuous cycle of
higher investments, growth and
B) 2 only
employment generation in the
C) 1 and 2 economy.

D) None of these Which of the following statement

best reflect the crux of the passage
Passage - 10
given above?
For faster growth to meet the target
(a) Infrastructure bottlenecks are
of $ 5 trillion economy by 2025,
hindering the growth of the country's
more supply-side reforms are
economy
needed. Creating new and upgrading
existing infrastructure will be key to (b) Reforms in infrastructure sector is
raising India’s competitiveness and key for economic competitiveness
achieving this target. It will specially and growth of economy to meets its
be critical for the success of the Make target.
in India programme as manufacturing
(c) Infrastructure reforms is the only
competitiveness critically depends on
key for development, employment
infrastructure. The supply additions
through infrastructure development
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

and investment prospects in the

country

(d) Demand side reforms in

infrastructure sector are critical in
economic growth, investment
generation and boosting
competitiveness of the economy.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Statement third is incorrect, passage

just talks about the definition of
1. (d)
OECD.
Statement first is incorrect because
Statement fourth is correct, it can be
there is no comparison of profitability
safely assumed from the first
between manufacturing of satellites
paragraph of the passage.
and launching of satellites
3. (d)
Statement second is incorrect
because passage only mentions that If you try to understand the context
India faces competition from China. and core idea of the passage then it is
easy to find out the right answer. But
Statement third is incorrect because
for your information, let me tell you
nowhere in the passage it is indicated
this is an excerpt from present CJI's
that India will have a "major" chunk
speech.
of the "total revenue" in the
commercial market space. 4. (b)

Statement fourth is correct because Statement first is incorrect.

there is a mention of space industries Complexity in defining river system is
and state players like China which can not the conclusion of the passage.
act as a competitor for India The main idea is about legislations
regarding river rights.
2 (d)
Statement second is correct because
Statement first is incorrect because
the whole passage seems to question
there is no comparison between
the legislative framework regarding
generic indicators and those
river rights and the approach
indicators which can be moulded
followed
Statement second is correct because
Statement third is incorrect and out
in passage, there is a mention of
of context
limitations of indicators
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Statement fourth is incorrect. It is Option D talks about the imagination

mentioned in the passage but it which cant be done by assuming as
cannot be a conclusion. questions demands us to tell the best
explanation of the passage.
5. (c)
Rest two other options are easy to
First and second statement can be
eliminate because they are out of
assumed from the causual reading of
context.
the passage. Hence, these are
correct. Third statement is inorrect 8. (c)
because neither there is a mention
It is certain that after making
about the community participation
considerable progress in decoupling
for effectively providing healthcare
economy with GHG emission India
nor it is indicated in the passage
would be showing the great result
6. (c) and In the report that is submitted it
it mentioned by India that India has
First statement is incorrect because
cut it emission by 24 per cent from
of the word 'synonymous' in the
2005/2016.
statement.
hence option C is the right answer.
Third statement is incorrect because
health is not defined as simple In passage there is no where
absence of disease. It is much more discussion on the suggestive
than that as per the passage.. measures to be taken by India so
Option A cant be the answer.
7. (c)
9. (d)
It is evident from the passage that
workers get killed by the terrorists As the given statements are vague
groups to gain international and cant be concluded from the
attention. passage so it can not be our
assumption.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Statement 1 talks about the reasons

of creating meta , whereas it is
nowhere being discussed in the
passage.

Statement 2 is giving the measures

and steps to be taken to curb harmful
content, but it is also nowhere
mentioned in the passage.

so on our imagination we cant make

any assumptions.

10 (b)

First statement is mentioned in the

passage but it can't be the crux of the
passage because it is not
representing the whole idea of the
passage. Hence incorrect.

Third statement is incorrect because

of the world 'only' mentioned in the
statement. Extreme statements are
always incorrect.

Fourth statement is incorrect

because the passage talks about
supply side reforms not demand side
reforms. So it is completely opposite
to the idea of passage.

.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Lebanon’s October Revolution was

Day - 4 met with force and fizzled. And then
Directions for the following 10 (ten) came the coronavirus pandemic.
items: Q1. Which among the following is the
Read the following passages and most logical and rational assumption
answer the items that follow. Your that can be made from the above
answers to these questions should be passage?
based on the passage only. A) Intervention by the NATO forces is
Passage - 1 the only way to reduce the crisis in
Lebanon.
The Beirut explosion was one of the
ugliest manifestations of everything B) Every country that experienced a
that has gone wrong with Lebanon civil war followed by economic and
since the end of the 15-year civil war financial crisis.
in 1990, an indictment of a postwar C) Political deadlock is the most
system that has enabled a handful of common outcome in a war torn
politicians to dominate and exploit country.
every facet of the state. The country
has collapsed under the burden of D) Civil war is the ugliest
concurrent crises that were decades manifestation that can be witnessed.
in the making: a financial and Passage - 2
economic implosion, grinding political
deadlock, the Aug. 4 blast. In October Hundreds of thousands of foreign
2019, tens of thousands of Lebanese workers have gone missing from the
across the country took to the streets labor market as the global
in protest, fed up with the coronavirus pandemic drags on,
mismanagement and arrogance of leaving holes in white-collar
their leaders. “All of them means all professions and in more service-
of them!” was the battle cry. oriented jobs in beach towns and at
ski resorts. Newcomers and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

applicants for temporary visas were China became the world's largest
initially limited by policy changes emitter of carbon dioxide in 2006 and
under former President Donald J. is now responsible for more than a
Trump, who used a series of quarter of the world's overall
executive actions to slow many types greenhouse gas emissions. It is
of legal immigration. Then pandemic- expected to come under intense
era travel restrictions and scrutiny at the COP26 summit over its
bureaucratic backlogs caused commitments to reduce these. Along
immigration to drop precipitously, with all the other signatories to the
threatening a long-term loss of talent Paris Agreement in 2015, China
and economic potential. agreed to make changes to try to
keep global warming at 1.5C above
Q2. What is the most logical and
pre-industrial levels, and "well
rational inference that can be made
below" 2C. China strengthened its
from the above passage?
commitments in 2020, but Climate
A) We must create conditions for the Action Tracker, an international
faster approval of visa for group of scientists and policy experts
newcomers. say its current actions to meet that
goal are "highly insufficient".
B) We must shift farm workers to
white collar professions and service Q3. On the basis of the above
oriented jobs. passage, the following assumptions
have been made:
C) There is absolute need for a policy
intervention to fill the gap in labor 1. One of the main aims of Paris
market. agreement is to keep the global
warming at 1.5 C above pre industrial
D) Travel restrictions should be
level.
immediately waived off to ease the
situation. 2. Rapid economic growth weakens
the actions taken by the china to
Passage - 3
mitigate the emissions.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which of the assumptions given A) Climate change has caused Arctic

above is/are correct? summer to be short but temperature
high.
A) only 1
B) Global warming contributes to the
B) only 2
decline Artic sea ice extent along with
C) 1 and 2 both temperature rise.

D) None of the above C) More emphasis should be laid on

the reduction of green house gases.
Passage - 4
D) The economic race of the world
Figures from the US space agency
led to poor state of Arctic region.
(Nasa) suggest the loss of the
minimum Arctic sea-ice extent is in Passage - 5
the region of 13.1% per decade,
Switching to a plant-based diet can
based on the 1981 to 2010 average. A
help fight climate change, according
major report on climate change in
to a major report by the UN's
2007 linked the growing
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
concentration of greenhouse gases in
Change (IPCC), which says the West's
the atmosphere, caused by human
high consumption of meat and dairy
activity, with declining sea-ice extent
is fueling global warming .Their
in the region. The disappearance of
findings showed that meat and other
the sea-ice in a warming world also
animal products are responsible for
contributes to rising average surface
more than half of food-related
temperatures. The sea-ice is
greenhouse gas emissions, despite
estimated to reflect 80% of sunlight
providing only a fifth of the calories
back into space, meaning it does not
we eat and drink. Of all the products
warm the surface.
analyzed in the study, beef and lamb
Q4. The main idea of the passage is were found to have by far the most
that damaging effect on the environment.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q5. Whish among the following is the communities in Kashmir, allied with
most crucial message conveyed by reputational interest in not accepting
the above passage? that the many steps taken, were
inadequate to defeat the
A) People in the west neither have
machinations from across the border,
civic sense nor sense of eating.
could also, perhaps, be additional
B) Eating habits have a crucial impact reasons.
on the climate change.
Which one of the following is the
C) People cannot change their eating most logical, rational and crucial
habits. inference that can be derived from
the passage?
D) The western world needs to be
aware about the eating practices. (a) Pakistan is only the reason behind
every terrorist attack in Kashmir
Passage - 6
(b) Bifurcating the J&K was a
While assessing the ground situation
successful idea to establish a degree
in Kashmir, Pakistan has always
of direct control
tended to be a factor. It is, however,
again possible that the lessons of the (c) Promises made by the
past on what needed to be done — government failed to create fresh
to effectively checkmate insurgency opportunity for dialogue with
from across the border or inflame communities in Kashmir
Kashmiri opinion — might have gone
(d) We should consider seriously the
unheeded in the euphoria of having
lessons of the past on how to tackle
succeeded in altering the character of
insurgency from across the border
J&K and Delhi establishing a degree
of direct control. Promises made and Passage - 7
an unwillingness to use the time and
Till now the enumeration of
opportunity to create fresh
freshwater dolphins was being done
opportunities for dialogue with
in different areas of the country with
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

different methodologies. Now, the owing to the stringent conditions set

Wildlife Institute of India has created by the government. In the case of Air
a standardised methodology for the India’s sale, the buyers were
counting. Based on this methodology, supposed to possess a certain
the counting of dolphins across the minimum net worth and stay
country, including Punjab, would be invested in the airline for at least
done. After this we will have a three years. Many analysts also
nationwide count — this is one of the believed that the government was
key steps towards conservation. expecting buyers to pay too much for
a debt-ridden airline. In the past,
What is the main idea of the
doubts have been raised about the
passage?
allocation of airports and other assets
(a) Dolphin census is a essential step to certain private business groups. So
towards conservation of ecology the process that the government
adopts this time to allocate assets
(b) Wildlife Institute of India is the
may come under scrutiny.
nodal agency to create
methodologies for the counting of The passage seems to argue:
flora and fauna
(a) against the idea of disinvestment
(c) Nationwide account of dolphins for an developing economy like India
involves a standard methodology
(b) in favour of the sale of Air India
unlike regional approaches followed
till now (c) against the criteria of minimum
networth set by government in
(d) The enumeration process for
disinvestment proposals
dolphins is not an easy task
(d) against the stringent conditions
Passage - 8
and high expectations of government
The government’s past disinvestment in the disinvestment projects
projects such as the sale of Air India
Passage - 9
did not catch the fancy of investors
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

“Upbeat business confidence and In a world where central banks create

projects in the pipeline should also a lot of money out of thin air, it is
support production in the coming natural for investors who are looking
months,” she said, before to protect their wealth to seek abode
emphasising that input cost inflation in alternative assets whose supply
that accelerated substantially in cannot be cranked up as easily.
October was a matter of concern. Money creation by central banks
causes the price of all goods to rise
“Input cost inflation is at a near eight-
and also tends to accelerate the
year high — as strong global demand
adoption of alternative assets as
for scarce raw materials continued to
currencies. When central banks
push up prices for these items. Some
create a lot of money, it leads to an
manufacturers hiked their fees in
increase in the prices of not just
response, but for now the overall rate
goods such as food and cars but also
of charge inflation was moderate,”
that of commodities such as gold and
Ms. De Lima said.
silver, considered to be alternative
According to the passage, what is the forms of money.
reason behind increasing input cost
Which one of the following is the
inflation?
most logical and rational corollary to
(a) Strong global demand for the raw the above passage?
material
(a) The power of RBI should be
(b) Some large business projects have increased to tackle the problem of
been launched inflation

(c) Rising scarcity of raw materials in (b) Alternative forms of money such
the world as gold and silver should be
promoted as the safe investment
(d) Rising wages of the workers
option
Passage - 10
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) Bitcoin can be used as an

alternative asset to protect the
wealth of investors

(d) The whole idea of creation of of

currency by the central bank is
problematic
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions that it must be the main aim upon

which all the signatories have agreed.
1. (b)
Statement 2 talks about the reasons
Option B talks about the results of a
that why china's actions are not
civil war which usually followed by
sufficient, which is not discussed in
economic and financial crisis and
the passage.
same is discussed in the passage.
Hence is the right option. 4. (b)

Option A suggests the intervention by Option B talks summaries the passage

NATO which is not discussed in and discussed the main cause and
passage. Option C talks about the result of the present arctic state.
reason of political deadlock which is Hence it is the right answer.
no where discussed in the passage.
5. (b)
2 (c)
Option B discussed about what the
Option C talks about the core of the impact of eating habit on climate and
article that why a gap has been emission and the same is being
created in the labor market and discussed in the passage . Hence, it
presses the need for policy the right answer.
intervention.
6. (d)
3. (a)
Statement first is incorrect because
As it is mentioned in the article that of the word 'only' mention in the
All the signatories to the Paris passage. Pakistan is a factor behind
Agreement in 2015,along with China the insurgency but not the only
agreed to make changes to try to factor.
keep global warming at 1.5C above
pre-industrial levels, and "well
below" 2C. So it strongly suggests Statement second is incorrect
because there is no mention about
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

the the success or failure of Third statement is incorrect. However

bifurcation of J&K it seems to be correct. But fourth
statement better represents the idea
Statement third is incorrect. Read last
and hence, correct
few lines carefully
9. (a)
Statement fourth is correct. Read first
few lines carefully.. A casual reading of the passage will
indicate the right answer.
7. (c)
10 (c)
First statement is incorrect because it
is mere repeating the last line of the Corollary describes a result that is the
passage natural consequence of something
else
Second and fourth statements are
incorrect because they do not Statement first is incorrect because it
represent the core idea of the is not indicated anywhere in the
passage. passage to increase the power of RBI.

Third statement is correct. (It does Statement second is incorrect

not mean that third statement because passage mentions that gold
perfectly represents core idea of the and silver are not risk free.
passage. It just means that it
Statement forth is incorrect because
represents the core idea of passage
it is an extreme statement.
perfectly among the options).
Statement third is correct because
8. (d)
the passage talks about alternative
First statement is incorrect because assets which are beyond the control
passage is not against the very idea of of Central banks. Cryptocurrency is
the disinvestment. It is against the such an option.
the approach adopted by the
government.
VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) Increasing the efficiency of farm to

Day - 5 fork value chain is necessary to
Directions for the following 10 (ten) reduce the poverty and malnutrition.
items: B) Increasing the agriculture
Read the following passages and productivity will automatically
answer the items that follow. Your eliminate the poverty and
answers to these questions should be malnutrition in India.
based on the passage only. C) India's agriculture productivity is
Passage - 1 already great and it is not necessary
to increase it further.
Over the last decade, India's
agriculture has become more robust D) Allocation of more funds for social
with record production of food grains welfare and poverty alleviation
and oilseeds. Increased procurement, programmes will ultimately eliminate
consequently, has added huge stocks the poverty and malnutrition in India.
of food grains in the granaries. India Passage - 2
is one of the world's top producers of
rice, wheat, milk, fruits and Opposition to vaccination is as old as
vegetables. India is still home to a vaccination itself. Although vaccines
quarter of all undernourished people save five lives every minute, and even
in the world. On an average, almost though 85 percent of children
half of the total expenditure of nearly worldwide are vaccinated against
half of the households is on food. diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping
cough, some people are resisting the
Which among the following is the life-saving shots. A range of factors
most logical corollary to the above contribute to vaccine opposition –
passage? from fear of needles or side effects to
conspiracy theories involving
governments or the pharmaceutical
industry.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q: Which among the following is the satellite into orbit in 2012 in what
most logical corollary to the above Western countries condemned as a
passage? disguised missile test.

A) Opposition to vaccination is saving Q3. On the basis of the above

people having fear of needles and passage, the following assumptions
side effects. have been made:

B) Pharmaceutical industry is doing 1. Space programmes are more

enough to rule out vaccine attractive for most of the countries
opposition. around the world.

C) Vaccines are important to save life 2. South Korea is an upcoming space

provided free from any conspiracies. giant and this is due to rivalry with
North Korea.
D) Diphtheria, tetanus and whooping
are cough taking lives of many Which of the assumptions given
children around the world. above is/are correct?

Passage - 3 A) 2 Only

South Korea has risen to become the B) 1 and 2 Only

world’s 12th-largest economy and a
C) None of these
technologically advanced nation but
has lagged in the headline-making D) 1 Only
world of spaceflight, where the Soviet
Passage - 4
Union led the way with the first
satellite launch in 1957, closely Despite seeing its gross domestic
followed by the United States. China, product (GDP) rise from $6.2bn in
Japan and India all have advanced 1972 to $305 bn in 2019, Bangladesh
space programmes, and the South’s cannot pay for the cost of global
nuclear-armed neighbour North warming on its own.There are only six
Korea put a 300-kg (660-pound) countries in the world that are hit
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

harder by climate change from 2000 D) Lbourbers are unware of the

to 2019, according to the 2021 reasons of events related to climate
Climate Change Performance Index change.
by nonprofit organisation German
Passage - 5
watch. In those years, Bangladesh
lost 0.41 percent of its GDP due to E-cigarettes are the most popular aid
climate change, and a single cyclone used by smokers trying to quit, with
in 2019 caused losses of $8.1bn. more than one-in-four smokers
Villagers, who have lost their land relying on them - more than those
and homes to floodwater, say they who use nicotine-replacement
are forced to collect small donations therapy products such as patches or
“even from the helpless and poor gum. But apart from being used in a
who work as daily labourers” and number of pilot schemes, they have
repair the embankments themselves not been available on prescription.
to prevent saltwater intrusion. However, in 2017 the government
started promoting them as part of its
Which among the following is the
annual Stoptober campaign. It is
most logical and rational assumption
estimated that about 3.6 million
that can be made from the above
people use e-cigarettes - most of
passage?
them ex-smokers.
A) Rapid progress and growth
Q. On the basis of the above passage,
Bangladesh cost the people's
the following assumptions have been
livelihoods and live.
made:
B) Bangladesh being a coastal country
1. One of the aims of E- cigarettes is
is prone to cyclones and other
to provide a safe replacement for
extreme events.
nicotine users.
C) Increment in GDP shows a inverse
2. E- cigarettes are more effective as
relation with global warming related
compared to gums or patches.
events.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which of the assumptions given The Middle East and North Africa
above is/are correct? (MENA) is a region of abundant
human and natural resources, shared
A) 1 and 2 only
culture and languages and a well-
B) 2 only established heritage of skill in trade.
With a total population close to that
C) 1 only
of the European Union, the MENA
D) None of these region is, however, the least
economically integrated in the world.
Passage - 6
As they strive to create more jobs,
The States are like pearls and the attract more investment, boost
Centre is the thread which turns growth and recover from the
them into a necklace, if the thread pandemic, countries of the MENA
snaps, the pearls are region today have a strong economic
scattered.(PREVIOUS YEAR incentive to accelerate their efforts at
QUESTION) regional integration.

Which one of the following views Q. With the reference to the above
corrobrates the above statements? passage, consider the following
statements
A) A strong Centre and strong States
make the federation strong. 1. Strong economic incentive of
MENA region is due to their least
B) A strong Centre is a binding force
economic integrity.
for national integrity.
2. Abundance in human and natural
C) A strong Centre is a hindrance to
resources, can help to create more
State autonomy.
jobs and attract investment in MENA
D) State autonomy is a prerequisite region.
for a federation.
Choose the correct option
Passage - 7
A) Only1
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) Only2 1. Peatlands tends to contain the

more carbon than all other type of
C) 1 and 2 both
vegetations put together.
D) None of these
2. Wetlands must be conserved in
Passage - 8 order to save the species that live in
those wetlands.
Wetlands – which include river
floodplains and deltas, lakes and salt choose the correct option
marshes, mangroves and peatlands –
A) 1 only
are disappearing three times faster
than natural forests; drained or B) 2 only
dyked, filled in or paved over,
C) 1 and 2 both
converted to rice paddies or fish
ponds. This loss of accumulated D) none of these
waterlogged organic matter is
Passage - 9
releasing huge volumes of
greenhouse gases into the air. A In 2018, six police officers were killed
typical hectare of coastal mangrove after a standoff at the Police Mobile
swamp holds four times more carbon Brigade Corps headquarters (Mako
than tropical forests. Peatlands, often Brimob) in Depok on the outskirts of
thousands of years in the making, Jakarta, after being taken hostage by
store twice more carbon than all inmates held on terrorism-related
vegetation types on the planet’s charges. The same year, more than
surface put together. Just one, the 100 prisoners escaped from a prison
Cuvette Centrale in the Congo basin, in Aceh province after overpowering
contains more carbon than all the guards. In 2019, inmates set fire to a
trees in the basin’s rainforests. prison in Langkat, North Sumatra in
an act of protest after the authorities
Consider the following statements,
packed 1,600 prisoners into cells
with reference to the passage
meant to house 900.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the that can be made from the above
most logical corollary to the above passage?
passage?
A) Political transitional should not be
A) Criminals in Indonesian jails allowed in any state in order to forbid
outnumbered the police guards. coup.

B) Social behavior must be taught in B) Complexities among the leaders

the jails to stop the violent clashes in and faulty political architecture can
jails. lead to crisis.

C) Harsh environment and poor C) Survival of any state depends upon

logistical approach by the police is the cohesive nature of the
responsible for violent attacks by the protagonists of any state.
prisoners.
D) The conflict between the claims of
D) Segregating criminals of terror a state and individual remains
related charges will help in curbing unresolved.
the attacks in jails in Indonesia.

Passage - 10

Sudan’s escalating political crisis

following the coup, now a threat to
the very survival of the state, has its
roots in the anomalous institutional
architecture of the current political
transition and the complicated
relationship between its major
protagonists.

Q. Which among the following is the

most logical and rational assumption
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions 5. (c)

1. (a) As it can be inferred from the passage

that E-cigarettes are used the
It is the most logical corollary that
government for their stoptober
can be inferred from the passage.
campaign, so it can be assumed that
2 (c) they are safe to be use. statement 2
talks about the comparison between
It is mentioned in the passage that
e cigarettes and gums and patches,
vaccines save life every minutes and
but this comparison is not discussed
are live saving shots. So option C is
in the passage. It only says that more
the correct answer.
people rely on e cigarettes but reason
3. (d) for that is not discussed.

It is mentioned in the passage that , 6. (b)

after the first launch by Soviet in
7. (b)
1957, all other major country follows
the same course and advanced their Statement 1 is wrong as strong
space programmes. incentive in MENA region is due to
their abundant human and natural
Statement 2 is totally contrary to
resources. while statement 2 can be
what being discussed in the passage
directly inferred from the passage.
4. (a)
8. (a)
It can be directly inferred from the
Answer is option A
passage that despite rapid growth
Bangladesh is facing that cost of Statement 2 is easy to rule out as it
global warming and facing extreme shows the wrong connection
weather events. Rest all the between the purpose of conservation
statements are either vague and of wetlands. While statement 1 can
irrelevant. be easily inferred from the passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

9. (c)

In the last line in the passage it is

mentioned that 1600 prisoners were
packed by the authorities into the
cells meant to house 900 shows that
it is due the poor logistical approach
that made prisoners violent enough
to attack.

Rest all the options irrelevant to what

is discussed in the passage, Hence
can be easily ruled out.

10 (b)

Option B summarizes the passage in

one line and exactly talks about what
is being discussed in the passage,
Hence it is most logical assumption

option A talks about the political

transition and its relation with coup,
but that is not discussed in the
passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Cut in wholesale prices by major

Day - 6 private players have led to retail
Directions for the following 10 (ten) prices cooling down much more than
items: the international market

Read the following passages and (b) Essential Commodities Act is

answer the items that follow. Your strongly opposed by farm unions
answers to these questions should be (c) There is insufficient labour in the
based on the passage only. oil production industry in many
Passage - 1 countries

Apart from the cuts in duties and (d) Interventions by the Central
cesses, the Centre had used stock Government through legal provisions
limits to help control prices of both are helpful in controlling price hikes.
edible oils and pulses this year, using Passage - 2
the provisions of the Essential
Commodities Act. The amendments The immediate priority for India will
to the Act, which were passed by be in identifying end users and
Parliament last year but suspended population to be covered, analysis of
by the Supreme Court in January due the existing network and operators,
to opposition by farm unions, would identification of cities for the 5G roll
not have allowed the imposition of out, working out an investment
stock limits given the current rate of model, and minimisation of the
price hikes. digital risk and pricing based on the
externalities and usage of various
Which one of the following is the sectors. The deployment of 5G in
most logical, rational and crucial India needs to be carefully planned
inference that can be derived from after a cost benefit analysis by
the passage? independent experts which will
create a level-playing field through
market mechanism such as
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

facilitating, simulating, auctioning, backwardness of sections of society

ensuring competition, functioning and their level of representation in
markets, etc. public services and educational
opportunities.
What is the main idea of the
passage? The passage seems to argue:

(a) Commercial 5G networks began to (a) against the the reservation system
be deployed in 2020 and are
(b) In favour for the compilation of
expected to reach 12% of world
credible data to justify the
mobile connections.
reservation levels
(b) The deployment of 5G technology
(c) against the unjustified reservation
will need right of access to
provided by state governments
government infrastructure such as
traffic lights, lamp posts, etc. (d) against the shortcuts taken by
state governments to increase
(c) Government policies should focus
popularity
on affordable coverage through
synchronisation of bandwidth. Passage - 4

(d) Careful planning is imperative to Governments across the globe –

assess the commercial viability for 5G including the United States, China,
deployment in India India, South Korea, Japan and many
others – are embarking on multi-
Passage - 3
billion-dollar investments in
The Supreme Court has been asking infrastructure improvements, with
governments to justify their semiconductors a leading beneficiary.
reservation levels through In a meeting with industry leaders,
quantifiable data. Instead of looking President Biden referred to silicon as
for shortcuts to popularity, regimes in infrastructure and acknowledged the
all States should focus on compiling chip industry’s critical role in
credible data both on the infrastructure buildout. Modern,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

sustainable infrastructure is about weaponization, space could become

semiconductors and specialized chips an active warfighting domain, to the
for all types of sectors and functions detriment of every single nation,
including AI and self-driving cars. whether they have active satellites in
orbit or not. It remains to be seen
With the reference to the passage,
how the discussions might proceed,
following assumptions have been
but the OEWG work in the next two
made:
years could possibly narrow the
1. All semiconductors are specialized divide between the varying state
chips agendas being pursued in the space
security realm.
2. Manufacturing of semiconductors
is essential for Infrastructural Which among the following is the
development of a country most logical and rational assumption
that can be made from the above
Which of these assumptions is/are
passage?
valid?
(a) Space governance is strongly
(a) 1 only
linked with climate change
(b) 2 only
(b) Active satellites are detrimental to
(c) Both of them the space governance

(d) Neither of them (c) OEWG is successful in halting the

current trend towards space
Passage - 5
weaponization
Overall, there appears to be a
(d) Space security governance has
positive momentum on space
been under stress for some time
security governance and arms control
in space. There are genuine concerns Passage - 6
that if steps are not taken to halt the
A successful democracy depends
current trend toward space
upon widespread interest and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

participation in politics, in which Q. With the reference to the passage,

voting is an essential part. To following assumptions have been
deliberately refrain from taking such made:
an interest, and from voting, and
1. Road kills pose a major threat to
from voting, is a kind of implied
the survival of the animals and
anarchy, it is to refuse one's political
pushing them towards extinction.
responsibility while enjoying the
benefits of a free political society. 2. Among all the animals, Leopard in
(Previous year 2017) North India faces the major threat
due to road kills.
Q. This passage relates to
Which of these assumptions is/are
A) duty to vote
valid?
B) right to vote
A) 1 Only
C) freedom to vote
B) 1 and 2 both
D) right to participate in politics
C) 2 Only
Passage - 7
D) None of these
The leopard population of North India
Passage - 8
is at highest risk among four animal
populations identified as being the The fall in crop incomes and the crisis
most vulnerable to extinction in the of economic viability has continued in
next 50 years if observed roadkill Indian agriculture for myriad factors
levels persist. It is followed by the since the late 1990s. For several
maned wolf and the little spotted cat, decades now, successive
both of Brazil, and the brown hyena governments have pursued policies
of southern Africa. At an 83% that have led to worsening agrarian
increased risk, the study estimates distress. This has pushed millions into
the time to the North Indian leopard low-paying petty jobs and continues
population’s extinction at 33 years. to plague those who are compelled
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

to depend (even partially) on up to half of the food produced

agriculture for survival. The need for globally is never eaten, representing
creation of decent non-farm jobs is a whopping 8-10 percent of global
well-recognized, but this is unlikely to greenhouse gas emissions. None of
happen with the crisis-ridden farm us wants to think that our food
sector. systems might be designed to be
wasteful, especially given that the
Q. With the reference to the passage,
world’s resources are being depleted
following assumptions have been
at an alarming rate, and that up to a
made:
quarter of our fellow humans are
1. Successive government policies going hungry. The abundance of
pushed millions farmers into low calories produced by our food
paying petty jobs and caused distress systems (in the United States, up to
to those who are dependent on 4,000 calories per day for each
agriculture. person) presents a glaring
contradiction to the scarcity and
2. Crisis ridden farm sector is barrier
hunger manufactured alongside it.
in creation of decent non farm jobs.
Q. Which among of the following is
Which of these assumptions is/are
the most logical corollary can be
valid?
made from the above passage?
A) 1 Only
A) Mismanaged food system requires
B) 1 and 2 both urgent attention to make it
sustainable.
C) 2 Only
B) Scarcity and hunger are result of
D None of these
green house gas emission in context
Passage - 9 of this passage.

Industrial food systems create C) Abundance of calories making

industrial-scale food waste. Currently, people unhealthy in United States
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) Industrial scale food waste results B) Coexistence of climate crisis and

in the hunger and scarcity. violence and conflict led to misery for
people.
Passage - 10
C) Competition over dwindling
Ninety percent of refugees under
resources results in the poverty,
UNHCR’s mandate, and 70 percent of
instability and human movement.
people displaced within their home
countries by conflict and violence, D) UNHRC's mandate failed to
come from countries on the front address the problem of conflict and
lines of the climate emergency. violence

They are vulnerable not only to

extreme weather like floods or
cyclones, but also to seeing their
livelihoods dry up due to drought and
desertification. From Burkina Faso to
Bangladesh, and from Afghanistan to
Mozambique, climate change is
increasing poverty, instability and
human movement; it is fueling
tensions and competition over
dwindling resources.

Q. Which among the following is the

most logical and rational assumption
that can be made from the above
passage?

A) Unchecked development is
responsible for the loss of livelihoods
and made people more vulnerable
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions

1. (d) First statement is clearly incorrect.

Fourth statement is also incorrect. So
Answer is D
the confusion is between option B
First statement is incorrect as there is and option C. Read the passage again.
no mention of the role of private You will know that option B is more
players. accurate.

Second statement is incorrect 4. (d)

because the amendments are
Answer is d
opposed by the Farm Unions not the
act itself First statement is clearly incorrect.
Second statement is incorrect
Third statement is incorrect and out
because of the word 'essential'
of context..
mentioned in the statement.
2 (d) Semiconductors are important
according to the passage but not
First statement is incorrect. There is
essential..
no such data mentioned in the
passage. 5. (d)

Second statement and third Answer is D

statement are incorrect. They are out
First statement is incorrect because
of context.
there is no mention of Climate
Fourth statement is correct because Change in the passage.
the whole passage talks about
Second statement is incorrect
planning for deployment of 5G.
because there is no harm from active
3. (b) satellites as such. There is a harm
from space weaponization
Answer is B
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Third statement is incorrect because pushed millions into low-paying petty

there is no mention that it is jobs and continues to plague those
successful. who are compelled to depend (even
partially) on agriculture for survival,
Forth statement is correct. It is a
hence statement one is a valid
simple statement which can be
assumption. similarly statement 2 is
assumed easily
also a valid assumption as it is also
6. (a) discussed. .

Answer is option A 9. (a)

Tip:- Try to find out the intent of the Explanation:- Option A correctly
passage, as why the passage has summaries the above passage, Hence
been written. is the correct answer.

This passage pertains to duty of vote. Option D talks about the reasons for
hunger and scarcity which is not
7. (a)
discussed in the passage. So cant be
Answer is option A the right answer.

Statement 2 is not a valid assumption 10 (b)

as comparison between Leopard and
Answer is option B
other animals is not discussed and
thus making it vague statement. Option A and D can be easily ruled
out and in Option C it is mentioned
while statement 1 can be directly
opposite to what is being discussed in
inferred from the passage.
the passage. Poverty, instability and
8. (b) human movement cause competition
over dwindling resources.
It is discussed in the passage that
successive governments have so, Option B is the right answer.
pursued policies that have led to
worsening agrarian distress. This has
VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) The gap between specialized

Day - 8 treatments options in urban and rural
Directions for the following 10 (ten) India needs to be reduced.
items: (b) Neglect of healthcare may cost
dearly to India.
Read the following passages and (c) It is necessary to have mandatory
answer the items that follow. Your health insurance in India.
answers to these questions should be (d) Scientific developments should
based on the passage only. help in improving healthcare of
Passage - 1 individuals.

It is 2018 and we talk about Passage - 2

development, technology and rocket The distribution of wealth is a
science, but it is not yet mandatory to comparison of the wealth of various
have health insurance in India. What members or groups in a society. It
would people do if they do not shows one aspect of economic
remain healthy? Are we marveling heterogeneity.
the evolution in science and
technology while our health Governments have an easier job of
continues to be ignored by the implementing economic policies if
masses and the system alike? Is the people are happier. If people think
development in medical science that their hard work isn’t rewarding
actually helping us provide then there can be social unrest,
specialized treatments options in the which increases uncertainty. If wealth
rural India? is very unfairly distributed, then the
Which of the following is the most majority of people will suffer at the
important and logical suggestion expense of the very few rich
that the passage seems to make? individuals. The poor will be able to
access healthcare and education,
which will improve the quality and
quantity of factors of production in
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

the long run. However, an equitable problem on the roads and as a result,
distribution of income could lower people get hurt.
incentives for people to work more
Which of the following statements
and for business owners and
can be inferred from the above
businesses to take on risks.
passage?
What can be inferred from the
(a) Bystanders need to witness the
following?
incidents of road rage.
(a) Economic growth could be
(b) The traffic police needs to
shunted, by equal distribution of
intervene and stop these incidents.
income.
(c) There is a need for aggressive
(b) Economic growth could increase,
drivers.
because of equal distribution of
wealth. (d) There is a need to decriminalize
road rage.
(c) Either option 1 or option 2.
Passage - 4
(d) None of the above.
The government started with the dry
Passage - 3
run for Covid-19 vaccination in most
The problem of road rage has of the states. Soon a section of the
increased in recent years. There is a population will receive their first
clear distinction between road rage vaccine shot. Preparation for
and aggressive driving, where the administering doses at vaccine
former is a criminal charge and the centers, logistics requirements, and
latter is a traffic offense. Road rage is other arrangements are also in full
defined as sudden violent anger swing. The country’s top drug
provoked in a motorist by the actions regulator, DCGI has approved
of another driver. There is a need for Oxford’s COVID-19 vaccine Covishield
the concerned authorities to control and Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin for
road rage as it causes a serious restricted emergency use. Union
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Health Minister Harsh Vardhan were initially issued in the form of

recently announced that vaccination ordinances in June. They were then
in its first phase for priority group passed by voice-vote in both the Lok
beneficiaries in all states will be free. Sabha and the Rajya Sabha during the
“I appeal to the people not to be delayed monsoon session this month,
misguided by rumors regarding the despite vociferous Opposition
safety and efficacy of COVID-19 protest. The Farmers’ Produce Trade
vaccine. We will not compromise on and Commerce (Promotion and
any protocol before approving a Facilitation) Bill, 2020, allows farmers
vaccine,” Vardhan said underlining to sell their harvest outside the
that vaccine hesitancy was an issue notified Agricultural Produce Market
even when the country started polio Committee (APMC) mandis without
inoculation drive, but “we must paying any State taxes or fees. The
remember its success”. Farmers (Empowerment and
Protection) Agreement on Price
What will be the cost of coronvirus
Assurance and Farm Services Bill,
vaccine it its first phase?
2020, facilitates contract farming and
(a) It will be free to all the people the direct marketing. The Essential
state. Commodities (Amendment) Bill,
2020, deregulates the production,
(b) It will be given to a priority group
storage, movement, and sale of
of states and it will be free to them
several major foodstuffs, including
(c) It will be available in Rs 1000 cereals, pulses, edible oils, and onion,
except in the case of extraordinary
(d) It will given to those who have
circumstances. The government
AYUSH card
hopes the new laws will provide
Passage - 5 farmers with more choice, with
competition leading to better prices,
The Bills which aim to change the
as well as ushering in a surge of
way agricultural produce is marketed,
private investment in agricultural
sold, and stored across the country
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

marketing, processing, and who were Wiccans, were supposed to

infrastructure. epitomise the qualities of the
goddess- of strength and
What is government's hope from the
independence. She must have the
new farm bill?
ability to be a warrior when times so
(a) It will create more competition required and to be compassionate
and then government can but when needed. Today, our society still
produce at low price from farmers. brands women they cannot handle as
witches - be it a successful Bollywood
(b) It will decrease private investment
star, or a young widow in a village
in agriculture.
who won't respond to the local goon.
(c) It will provide farmers with less Wicca comes from old English word
choice and low MSP. 'wicce' or craft of the wise. Wicca
goes back more than 25,000 years to
(d) It will provide farmers with more
the time when man first started
choice and it will increase private
worshipping the Mother Goddess.
investment and it will create a
healthy competition. Which of the following can be
inferred from the passage?
Passage - 6
(a) The old tradition as maligned as
As patriarchy reared its head and the
the supernatural powers became
goddesses of old were either
exposed.
demolished, or projected as consorts
of the male god more acceptable to a (b) Wiccans were not negative people
new class of priests, the witch- but rise of patriarchy created the
goddesses of old began to be image.
projected as the demons of the new.
(c) Men were dominated by the
And with that, came persecution and
women in the past.
the maligning of an old tradition, and
the abuse of women in the name of
'witchcraft'. In olden times, women
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(d) Warriors existed only among D) Human's understanding of the

women as they contained special nature of work is essential. .
powers.
Passage - 8
Passage - 7
By 2020, when the global economy is
The very first lesson that should be expected to run short of 56 million
taught to us when we are of enough young people, India, with its youth
to understand it, is that complete surplus of 47 million, could fill the
freedom from the obligation to work gap. It is in this context that labour
is unnatural, and ought to be illegal, reforms are often citted as the way to
as we can escape out share of the unlock double-digit growth in India.
burden of work only by throwing it In 2014, India's labout force was
on someone else's shoulders. Nature estimated to be about 40 per cent of
ordains that the human race shall the population, but 93 per cent of
perish of famine if it stops working. this force was in unorganized sector.
We cannot escape from this tyranny. Over the last decade, the compound
The question we have to settle is how annual growth rate ( CAGR) of
much leisure we can afford to allow employment has slowed of 0.5
ourselves. percent, with about 14 million jobs
created during last year when the
Q. The main idea of the passage is
labour force increased by about 15
that
million.
A) It is essential for human beings to
Q. Which of the following is the most
work.
rational inference from the above
B) There should be a balance passage?
between work and leisure.
A) India must control its population
C) Working is a tyranny which we growth so as to reduce in
have to face. unemployment rate.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) Labour reforms are required in inference that can be made from the
India to make optimum use of its vast above passage?
labour force productively.
A) Once a country reaches middle
C) India is poised to achieve the income stage, it runs the risk of
double-digit growth very soon. falling productivity which leads to
stagnant incomes.
D) India is capable of supplying the
skilled young people to other B) Falling into middle-income trap is a
countries. general characteristic of fast growing
economies.
Passage - 9
C) There is no hope at all for
The IMF has pointed out that the fast
emerging Asian economies to sustain
growing economies of Asia face the
the growth momentum.
risk of falling into 'middle-income
trap'. It means that average incomes D) As regards growth of productivity,
in these countries, which till now the performance of Asian economies
have been growing rapidly, will stop is not satisfactory.
growing beyond a point-a point that
Passage - 10
is well short of incomes in the
developed West. The IMF identifies a By 2050, the Earth's population will
number of causes of middle-incomes likeyly have swelled form seven to
trap-none of which is surprising-from nine billion people. To fill all these
infrastructure to weak institutions, to stomachs while accounting for
less than favorable macroeconomic shifting consumption patterns,
conditions. But the broad, overall climate change, and a finite amount
cause, says IMF, is a collapse in the of arable land an potable water-
growth of productivity. some experts say food production
will have to double. How can we
Q. Which among the following is the
make the numbers add up? Experts
most logical, rational and critical
say higher yielding crop varieties and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

more efficient farming methods will

be crucial. So will waste reduction.
Experts urge cities toreclaim
butrients and water from waste
streams and preserve farmland. Poor
countries, they say, can improve crop
storage and packaging and rich
nations could cut back on resoruce-
intensive foods like meat.

Q. Which of the following statements

best sums up the above passage?

A) The population of the world is

growing very fast.

B) Food security is a perennial

problem only in developing countries.

C) The world does not have enough

resources to meet the impending
food scarcity.

D) Food security is increasingly a

collective challenge.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions insurance is very low in India. These

developments are of little use if
1. (d)
population is not healthy. Further,
Option (A) is incorrect. The author despite these developments, the
says that the development in medical specialized treatments options in
science is not leading to specialized rural India are absent. Further, the
treatments options in the rural India. passage makes multiple reference to
Thus, there may be indirect science‘. Thus, the implicit suggestion
comparison between rural and urban is scientific developments should help
India. However, author is not making in improving healthcare of
any direct indication towards individuals. Hence, this is the most
reducing this gap. Also, specialized appropriate answer.
treatment in rural India is just one
2 (c)
dimension of general health‘ covered
in the passage. Option 1 is correct, as equal
Option (B) is incorrect. The passage distribution of wealth, could lead to
does not discuss the after-effects of lesser risks being taken, by owners
the neglect of healthcare in India. and businessmen, as mentioned in
Option (C): The author discusses the the last sentence. Option 2 is also
neglect of overall health sector in correct, as equitable distribution of
India and absence of mandatory wealth will lead to greater happiness
insurance is just one part of the among the citizens of the country,
discussion. Thus, more important and the poor would have access to
suggestion would be with respect to healthcare and educational facilities.
overall health sector. We can put this
option on hold, and consider the next
option. Hence, option C is the answer..
Option (D): The author begins with
3. (b)
saying that in spite of developments
in science and technology, the health
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

From the above passage, we can 5. (d)

conclude that road rage is an
The given passage is about Farm Bill.
increasing problem and that the
concerned authorities need to put a Let's refer to the given line of the
stop to it. Traffic police is responsible passage, "The government hopes the
for traffic offenses but if the traffic new laws will provide farmers with
police is present at the site of the more choice, with competition
accident then the police can leading to better prices, as well as
intervene and stop the matters from ushering in a surge of private
escalating. Hence, option 2 is the investment in agricultural marketing,
right answer. processing, and infrastructure."

4. (b) From this line, we can understand

that the government is hoping that
This passage is about Coronavirus
the new bill will provide more choice
Vaccination.
to farmers with a healthy
Let's refer to this line of passage, " competition which will fetch them a
Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan better price for their agricultural
recently announced that vaccination produce and it will increase private
in its first phase for priority group investment in the sector.
beneficiaries in all states will be free."
So, the correct answer is It will
From these lines we can understand provide farmers with more choice
that the vaccine will not be given to and it will increase private
all the people, it will be given to a investment and it will create healthy
certain priority group in its first phase competition.
and to them, it will be given free of
6. (b)
cost.
There was no existence of any
So, the correct answer is It will be
supernatural power and the Wiccans
given to a priority group of states and
were not negative people. Men got
it will be free to them..
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

insecure and the rise of patriarchy led

to creating and spreading of false
information which made people
perceive negatively about witchcraft.

7. (b)

The key point of the passage is that

there should be a balance between
work and leisure.

8. (b)

The passage vindicates that in India

the labour reforms are required to
make optimum use of its vast labour
force productively.

9. (a)

The most logical, rational and critical

inference of the passage could be
once a country reaches middle
income stage, it runs the risk of
falling productivity which leads to
stagnant incomes.

10 (d)

Answer is D

Passage indeed suggests to combat

the increasing problem of food
security, Hence D is the correct
answer.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) A pandemic caused by a

Day - 7 dangerous bacteria of stomach
Directions for the following 10 (ten) (b) Homicide by a dictator in ancient
items: times
Read the following passages and (c) A incident happened at a big
answer the items that follow. Your gatherings like festivals or concerts
answers to these questions should be
based on the passage only. (d) Release of a highly toxic gas from
a chemistry lab
Passage - 1
Passage - 2
A U.K. inquiry into the Hillsborough
tragedy found that a form of Several factors add to the
asphyxiation was listed as an environmental damage during an
underlying cause in the vast majority event, from artwork transportation
of the deaths. Other listed causes and packaging to marketing banners,
included “inhalation of stomach discarded waste and the travel that
contents.” takes place.

The deaths occurred as more than In October 2020, London-based

50,000 fans streamed into the gallerists and professionals working
stadium for a soccer match on a in the commercial arts sector came
warm, sunny day. Some of them together to form the Gallery Climate
packed into a tunnel and were Coalition (GCC). The group’s aim is to
getting pressed so hard into persuade the art industry to reduce
perimeter fencing that their faces got its carbon footprint.
distorted by the mesh, the inquiry Which among the following is the
found. most logical and rational assumption
The Hillsborough tragedy is likely to that can be made from the above
be associated with: passage?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Artwork industry is a high carbon restrictions or being located in

emitting industry conflict zones.

(b) Rich cities like London are actively With the reference to the passage,
working to decarbonize the the art following assumptions have been
industry of the world made:

(c) Gallery Climate Coalition will work 1. Janamsakhis are the biographies of
under United Nations to persuade all Sikh gurus
the art industry to reduce it carbon
2. Guru Nanak wanted to spread
footprint
sikhism to counter other religions
(d) Coalitions are necessary to tackle
Which of these assumptions is/are
major global problems
valid?
Passage - 3
(a) 1 only
From Mecca to Haridwar, from Sylhet
(b) 2 only
to Mount Kailash, Guru Nanak visited
hundreds of interfaith sites related to (c) Both of them
Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, and
(d) Neither of them
Jainism throughout his journeys (also
called udaasis). At some sites, Passage - 4
gurdwaras were constructed to
In the RBI’s own words, “The
commemorate his visit. Later his
objective of the PCA framework is to
travels were documented in texts
enable supervisory intervention at
called ‘janamsakhis’. These sites are
appropriate time and require the
now spread across nine nations as
supervised entity to initiate and
per current geographical divisions —
implement remedial measures in a
India, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, China
timely manner so as to restore its
(Tibet), Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Sri
financial health. The PCA framework
Lanka, and Afghanistan — and some
is also intended to act as a tool for
are even inaccessible due to travel
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

effective market discipline. The PCA century. Net zero is when a country's
framework does not preclude the emissions are offset by having an
Reserve Bank of India from taking any equivalent amount removed from the
other action as it deems fit at any atmosphere for zero emissions in
time, in addition to the corrective balance. While countries such as the
actions prescribed in the framework”. United States, the United Kingdom
and the European Union have
What is the main objective of PCA
committed to a 2050 time line,
framework as described in the
China—the world's largest polluter—
passage?
has indicated a 2060 timeline and
(a) To maintain high profitability of India—the third largest—a 2070
commercial banks in India timeline.

(b) To increase the standards of Which one of the following is the

Indian banks in the global market most logical, rational and crucial
inference that can be derived from
(c) To increase the leverage potential
the passage?
of banks
(a) Net zero targets will play a major
(d) To check the problem of Non-
role to keep temperature below 1.5°V
Performing Assets (NPAs) in the
Indian banking sector (b) India's target of net zero was
decided at Glasgow meeting
Passage - 5
(c) Net zero is when there are no
The findings while optimistic come
emissions from a country
amidst the deliberations underway at
Glasgow where the greatest global (d) The global effort taking place at
effort is underway to have countries Glasgow meeting can tackle climate
sign on to an agreement to keep change successfully
temperatures below 1.5°C and, to
Passage - 6
this end, have most major economies
pledge to reach net zero by mid-
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

The nature of the legal imperatives in shrinking the rates of the

any goven state corresponds to the unvaccinated and convincing the
effective demands that state reluctant to roll up their sleeves.
encounters, and that these, in their
Q. On the basis of the above passage,
turn, depend, in a general way, upon
which is the most rational and
the manner in which economic power
logical inference ?
is distributed in the society which the
state controls. A) Efficacy of vaccines lacks clinical
research, which made people to
The statement refers to
become reluctant.
A) the antithesis of Politics and
B) Vaccines fail to prevent COVID-19
Economics.
hospitalization and deaths in most of
B) the interrelationship of Politics and the cases of Delta variant.
Economics.
C) Vaccine mandates results in the
C) the predominance of Economics litigation of the orders of the state.
over Politics.
D) Vaccines, despite some vocal
D) the predominance of politics over opposition is the most effective way
Economics. to tackle COVID-19.

Passage - 7 Passage - 8

Vaccines remain by far the most In almost all emissions scenarios, the
effective way to prevent COVID-19 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
hospitalizations and deaths, Change (IPCC) expects global
particularly faced with the extremely warming to hit 1.5C in the early
contagious Delta variant of the virus 2030s, and we can be certain that the
that can cause infections even among impact of this change will not be felt
those fully vaccinated. Despite vocal fairly across the world. One of the
opposition from some, vaccine most concerning outcomes of rising
mandates have been effective at temperatures is the very high risk of
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

undernutrition in communities that we need to expand the idea of

are dependent upon dryland literacy to include skills such as
agriculture. knowing how to use a web browser,
create a document on a computer or
On the basis of the above passage,
even send a text message by phone.
following assumptions have been
made Q. Which of the following is the most
logical assumption that can be made
1. Present emissions scenarios poses
from the above passage?
a very high risk of undernutrition for
the communities living upon dryland A) Literacy is a ever changing and
agriculture. evolving skill.

2. Intergovernmental Panel on B) With the advent of new

Climate Change ( IPCC) has not done technologies, the idea of literacy
enough to tackle climate change. needs to be altered.

Which of the following is/are correct. C) Literacy is a classical concept that

hardly requires any modification with
A) 1 and 2 Both
time.
B) 2 Only
D) Skill of literacy is bounded, hence
C) 1 Only its concepts cannot be expanded. .

D) None of these Passage - 10

Passage - 9 Many organisations try to encourage

people to do kind acts, wherever and
Some experts argue that we need to
whenever they can. The idea behind
change our idea of literacy. These
this is that it doesn’t take any major
days, knowing how to read is a
plan to be kind, just a little bit of
limited skill if the same person
effort. Perhaps the strongest
doesn’t know how to use a computer
supporters of this idea are the
or smartphone. Some suggest that
Random Acts of Kindness (RAK)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Foundation, who work with schools

and companies to teach people
kindness skills. They operate under
the beliefs that kindness can be
taught and that it is contagious. Their
activities range from suggesting kind
acts to allowing their website-users
to become ‘RAKtivists’ (people who
officially register themselves as
activists of kindness).

Q36. On the basis of the above

passage, following assumptions have
been made

1. According to the RAK Foundation,

kindness is an inherited trait, hence
cannot be taught to someone.

2. People should do major efforts to

learn the skill of kindness.

Which of the following is/are is

correct?

A) 1 and 2 Only

B) 1 Only

C) 2 Only

D) None of these
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions passage. Second statement is also

clearly incorrect.
1. (c)
4. (d)
Answer is C
First statement is incorrect because
Words like 'Fans' and 'Stadium' can
high profitability doesn't necessarily
give you hints about the correct
ensure financial discipline which is
statement
the main objective of PCA
2 (a) framework.

Option fourth is incorrect because Statement is incorrect and out of

there is no necessary condition to context.
form coalitions to tackle major global
Third statement seems to be correct
problems.
but it is incorrect. Because leverage
Option third is incorrect because potential would entail taking more
United Nations is not mentioned in risk. The main problem with the
the passage. banking system is lack of adequate
supervisory intervention.
Option second is incorrect because
passage talks only about London and Forth statement is correct because it
not other cities. So it can't be will ensure the financial discipline
assumed that rich cities are actively and health of banking sector.
working regarding it.
5. (a)
Option first is correct. It can be safely
Answer is A
assumed from the casual reading of
the passage.. 2nd and 3rd statements are not
mentioned anywhere in the passage
3. (d)
and hence incorrect.
First statement is incorrect because
of the word 'all' mentioned in the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Forth statement is incorrect because communities that are dependent

of the word 'successfully' mentioned upon dryland agriculture. So
in the statement. statement 1 is correct.

6. (b) Statement 2 talks about the role of

IPCC in tackling the climate change,
The word 'corresponds' indicates a
but it is nowhere discussed in the
strongly bond or the interrelationship
passage, hence cannot be correct.
between politics and economics, for
effective formulation of state policies 9. (b)

7. (d) Option C and D are simply easy to

rule out as they are contrary to the
Efficacy is not discussed in the
theme of the passage,
passage, hence option A is not
correct. Option talks about the progressive
changes that are associated with the
option B is contrary to what is being
idea of literacy, but this is nowhere
discussed in the passage. hence
discussed in the above passage,
incorrect.
hence cannot be the right answer.
Option C talks about the litigation
10 (d)
which is totally irrelevant to the
passage As it is mentioned in the passage that
RAK Foundation operate under the
So Option D is the most logical and
beliefs that kindness can be taught
rational inference.
and that it is contagious. so
8. (c) statement 1 is wrong

As it is mentioned that present and for statement 2 it is discussed

emissions scenarios are going to that " The idea behind this is that it
impact across the world and most doesn’t take any major plan to be
concerning outcome is of rising temp. kind, just a little bit of effort" So it is
which results in the undernutrition of
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

also wrong. Hence none of the

statement is correct.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(b) The tool measures risk from an

Day - 9 individual regarding certain events of
Directions for the following 10 (ten) manipulation or potential corruption
items: (c) The tool can be used to measure
Read the following passages and and change the cognitive functions of
answer the items that follow. Your brain
answers to these questions should be (d) Voice analytical tool helps to
based on the passage only. screen and punish corrupt officials
Passage - 1 Passage - 2
“The investigators and analysts utilise One reason why petroleum and agri-
the voice analytical tool to help commodity prices move in tandem is
screen officials,” McLaren was the bio-fuels link. When crude prices
quoted by The Guardian. “It rise, blending ethanol from sugarcane
measures the cognitive functions of and corn (maize) with petrol or
the brain in the verbal responses and diverting palm and soyabean oil for
– given pertinent questions – finds biodiesel production becomes that
whether that person is low risk, much more attractive. Cotton,
medium risk, high risk in terms of likewise, turns relatively affordable
being an official at the vis-à-vis petrochemicals-based
championships. synthetic fibres. Also, since corn is
”Which of the following is the most primarily an animal feed, its diversion
logical assumption that the passage to ethanol leads to substitution by
seems to make? other grains, including wheat, for
livestock use. That, then, pushes up
(a) Voice analytical tool is a disruptive prices of foodgrains as well
technology and should be used
carefully What can be inferred from the
following?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Inflation rate in the economy (c) There is a need for more modern
mainly depends upon the agri submarines
commodity prices
(d) None of the above
(b) Diverting palm and soyabean oil
Passage - 4
for biodiesel production helps to
control inflation Like the popular fitness apps, which
help users track their exercise
(c) Either option 1 or option 2.
activities, food intake and more, an
(d) None of the above. app called 'Evocco' aims to give
consumers information about their
Passage - 3
shopping habits to help cut their
Between 1986 and 1992, India got carbon footprint by estimating the
eight submarines from the USSR and climate impact of their choices. By
the two from Germany. In 1992 and taking a photograph of food receipts,
1994, two German submarines built shoppers can check their score which
in India were also commissioned, combines the climate impact of the
adding up to 12 new submarines in food they've bought with their
eight years from 1986. “By 1995, we nutritional value, helping customers
probably had amongst the most get the most nutritious food for the
modern submarine arms in the lowest climate impact.
world,” said Singh.
Q. The above passage implies that
Which of the following statements
1. Fitness apps are no longer required
can be inferred from the above
as Evocco provides more information
passage?
to consumers. coherent
(a) India is equipped with the most
2. The focus on subtle environmental
modern submarine arms in the world
impacts of consumer behaviour
(b) India had very cordial relations diverts attention from the actual
with USSR and Germany in 1980s culprits of climate change.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which of the statements given above undiscovered deposit. Skeptic also

is/are correct? argue that the fused clavicles (the
"wishbone") of birds differ from the
(a) 2 only
unfused clavicles of theropod. This
(b) I only objection was reasonable when only
early theropod clavicles had been
(c) Both 1 and 2
discovered, but fossilized theropod
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 clavicles that look just like the
wishbone of Archaeopteryx have now
Passage - 5
been unearthed
Although many lines of evidence
Q. What is the most logical and
indicate that birds evolved from
appropriate purpose of this passage?
ground-dwelling theropod dinosaurs,
some scientists remain unconvinced. (a) To compare the development of
They argue that theropods appeared two hypotheses concerning the
too late to have given rise to birds, evolutionary origin of birds
noting that Archaeopteryx
(b) To suggest revisions to the
lithographica-the oldest known bird-
standard theory of the evolutionary
appears in the fossil record about 150
history of birds
million years ago, whereas the fossil
remains of various non-avian (c) To ovaluate the usefulness, of
maniraptor theropods-the closest fossil evidence in determining the
known relatives of birds-date only to evolutionary history of birds.
about 115 million years ago. But
(d) To have a constructive discussion
investigators have now uncovered
around evolution of birds, driven by
bones that evidently belong to non-
empirical evidence
avian maniraptors dating to the time
of Archacopteryx. In any case, failure Passage - 6
to find fossils of a predicted kind does
For decades, Israel hyped and
not rule out their existence in an
manufactured threats – grave
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

threats, existential threats – using Passage - 7

them as a pretext for preemptive
The froth is a sign of a polluted river.
wars and justification for holding
Experts say the release of untreated
onto occupied territories. It
or poorly treated effluents, including
demonised the Palestinians and the
sewage from those parts of the city
Arabs as hateful “terrorists” bent on
that are not connected to the
the destruction of Israel. It
sewerage network and industrial
exaggerated Iran’s capacity and
waste, could lead to frothing.
intention to develop and deploy
Surfactants and phosphates from
nuclear weapons. And of late, its
detergents in households and
spokespersons and supporters have
industrial laundry find their way into
invariably charged critics with anti-
the river, as all the sewage is not
Semitism.
treated.
Q. With reference to the following
Q. Which among the following is the
passage, the following assumptions
most logical and rational inference
have been made:
that can be made from the above
1. Manufacturing threats is essential passage?
to safeguard territories.
A) Conditions in river are showing
2. Creating hype and threats is a good intensive pollution and unnoticed
option to preemptive wars sewage problems.

Which of the following is the correct B) Industries violates the treatment

option? laws which results in the frothing of
river.
A) 1 Only
C) Household and Industrial laundry
B) 2 Only
must be prevented from using
C) 1 and 2 Only detergents high in surfactants and
phosphates.
D) None of these .
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) Frothing is an annual phenomenon C) States across the world are using

and unavoidable in modern times. face recognition technology as a
weapon against critics.
Passage - 8
D) Use of advance technologies is
The big problem with facial
imperative for the existence of
recognition is that as the technology
mankind in future.
gets faster and more accurate there
are worries that it will be used for Passage - 9
mass surveillance. There are also
We are witnessing a dangerous
worries the technology could get so
dwindling of biodiversity in our food
good, it could deduce intent and
supply. The green revolution is a
expressions, leading to real-time
mixed blessing.d Over time farmers
surveillance. In China, the
have come to rely heavily on broadly
government has used the technology
adapted, high yield crops to the
to track Uighurs, the Muslim minority
exclusion of varieties adapted to the
in the country. It was also used in the
local conditions. Monocropping vast
UK to monitor football fans arriving
fields with the same genetically
for a match in 2020. In India too
uniform seeds helps boost yield and
there have been concerns over the
meet immediate hunger needs. yet
use of facial recognition technology
high yield varieties are also
by police, especially during protests.
genetically weaker crops that require
Q. Which among the following is the expensive chemical fertilizers and
most logical, rational and critical toxic pesticides. In our focus on
inference that can be made from the increasing the amount of food we
above passage? produce today, we have accidentally
put ourselves at tisk for food
A) Technology being ever growing in
shortages in future.
nature is impossible to stop .
Q. Which among the following is the
B) Face recognition technology poses
most logical and critical inference?
a threat to privacy.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) In our agricultural practices, we A) Man seeks control over external

have become heavily dependent on things affecting him.
expensive chemical fertilizers and
B) In society, there are 'super' and
toxic pesticides only due to green
'sub' human beings.
revolution.
C) Exceptions to universal citizen
B) Monocropping vast fields with high
participation are conducive to
varieties is possible due to green
systemic efficacy.
revolution.
D) Governing implies recognition of
C) Monocropping with high yield
disparities in individual capacities
varieties is the only way to ensure
food security to millions.

D) Green revolution can pose a threat

to biodiversity in food supply and
food security in the long run.

Passage - 10

Human history abounds in claims and

theories confining the right of
governing to few select citizens.
Exclusion of the many is justified on
the ground that human beings may
be rightfully segregated for the good
society and viability of the political
process.

Q. Which one of the following

statements is least essential as a part
of the argument in the above
passage?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Second statement is incorrect

because there is no mention about
1. (b)
the relations between India and the
There is no mention of voice mentioned countries in general.
analytical Technology as a disruptive
Third statement is incorrect. The
technology. Disruptive technologies
passage does not talks about the
have a criteria.
need of the present.
The passage talks that the tool can
4. (d)
measure the cognitive function of the
brain. It does not talk about the Statement 1 is incorrect. Refer to the
changing the cognitive function of first few words of the passage: "Like
brain. the popular fitness apps..." Author
outlines the similarity between
The tool can screen corrupt officials.
Evocco and other fitness apps. Hence,
There is no indication of power of the
it would be incorrect to deduce that
tool to punish officials in the passage.
fitness apps are no longer required.
So second statement is correct.
Statement 2 is also incorrect. The
2 (d) passage focusses on one of the
several ways to address climate
First statement is incorrect because
change - balancing nutritional value
of the word 'mainly'.
and climate impact of what we eat. It
Second statement is clearly incorrect. is highly likely that the actual culprits
It is not the solution of inflation. of climate change are also being
Please read the passage again. pursued seriously, something which
does not fall within the scope of this
3. (d)
passage. Hence, both statements 1
First statement is factually incorrect and 2 do not appropriately capture
because we had amongst the most the implication of the passage.
modern submarine arms in the world.
5. (d)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Option A is incorrect because the discovered, but fossilized theropod

author is not talking about how the clavicles that look just like the
two opinions evolved. Also, the wishbone of Archaeopteryx have now
author is not comparing hypotheses; been unearthed..." suggest how there
she is merely discussing different is a healthy 'debate' going on in the
facets of the evolution of birds in an passage. Each side supports its
objective manner. arguments through empirical
evidence (fossil records in many
Option B is also incorrect because the
cases). Option D effectively captures
passage doesn't SUGGEST anything.
the purpose of this passage.
Option C is close. The passage cites
6 (b)
multiple examples to suggest that in
many cases the findings from a fossil Answer is Option B
record are valid only till the discovery
Threats are used by Israel to provide
of another fossil. However,
justification for the occupied
evaluating the relevance of fossil
territories but need not the essential
evidence is not the PURPOSE of this
part to protect those territories. So
passage. Fossil evidence is quoted to
Statement 1 is not true.
lend support to the arguments put
forth in the passage. The main It is mentioned in the passage that
purpose of the passage can be found for decades Israel is using threats as a
by analysing the nature of these pretext for preemptive wars so
arguments. accordingly statement 2 is the correct
option.
Option D is the most appropriate.
Phrases like "uncovering bones that 7 (a).
evidently belong to non-avian
Answer is option A
maniraptors dating to the time of
Archaeopteryx..." and "This objection Option A provides the summarized
was reasonable when only early form of the above passage and hence
theropod clavicles had been
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

is the most logical and rational

inference.

8. (c)

Answer is Option C

Option D talks about the future of

mankind which is nowhere discussed
in the passage, hence can be easily
rule out, Threat to privacy is also not
discussed in the passage, hence
option B is also not correct.

9 (d)

Answer is Option D

Green revolution has its advantages.

Biodiversity is already at stake. Crops
exposed to excessive chemicals or
the genetically modified foods lacks
in nutritional content, in spite of
boosting the yield. However,
considering the long term aspect,
green revolution could risk quality
and health.

10 (a)

Answer is Option A

Option B,C and D are essential part of

the passage. hence, Option A is the
correct option
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(b) NASA can properly detect the

Day - 10 meteor falling on earth
Directions for the following 10 (ten) (c) Leonid shower always turns into a
items: meteor shower
Read the following passages and (d) Meteor storms have a particular
answer the items that follow. Your speed of falling meteors
answers to these questions should be
based on the passage only. Passage - 2

Passage - 1 In 1994, palaeontologists from

Harvard University unearthed two
Every 33 years, a Leonid shower turns well-preserved dinosaur skulls during
into a meteor storm, which is when an excavation in East Greenland. One
hundreds to thousands of meteors of the specimens was originally
can be seen every hour. A meteor thought to be from a Plateosaurus, a
storm should have at least 1,000 well-known long-necked dinosaur
meteors per hour. In 1966, a Leonid that lived in Germany, France and
storm offered views of thousands of Switzerland.
meteors that fell through the Earth’s
atmosphere per minute during a Now, an international team of
period of 15 minutes, NASA notes. researchers from Portugal, Denmark
The last such storm took place in and Germany has performed a micro-
2002. CT scan of the bones, which enabled
them to create digital 3D models.
”Which of the following is the most They have determined that the finds
logical assumption that the passage belong to a new species, which they
seems to make? have named Issi saaneq. They have
(a) Meteor storms are dangerous for reported their findings in the journal
the earth, in general, and for humans, Diversity.
in particular
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

What can be inferred from the through bilateral or multilateral

following? channels”.

(a) All Plateosaurus are dinosaurus, The meeting which is discussed in the
and vice versa passage is likely to be associated
with:
(b) Issi saaneq, founded by
researchers, are not the species of (a) Regional meetings of World Trade
dinosaurs as earlier thought Organisation regarding trade issues

(c) Well-preserved dinosaur skulls (b) Galwan valley incident happened

may provide us a good information last year in Ladakh
about the species
(c) Afghan crisis after the exit of USA
(d) 3D models have improved our
(d) The issue of terrorism being
capacity to find the origin of the
discussed in Shanghai cooperation
species
organisation
Passage - 3
Passage - 4
This time again, Pakistan has
Facebook whistleblower Frances
predictably decided to skip the
Haugen said she fears the impact of
meeting. Last week, Pakistan’s NSA
the metaverse that the social media
Moeed Yusuf said he would not
giant has rebranded to focus on
attend, and added that “a spoiler
delivering, saying the futuristic virtual
can’t be a peacemaker” — an
reality world would force people to
apparent reference to India.
give up more of their personal
China attended both previous information, be addicting and give
meetings in Iran, but this time it has the embattled company another
cited “scheduling issues” to convey monopoly in the online world..
that it will not participate. It has told
Q. The above passage implies that
India that it is “open to maintaining
contacts with India on Afghanistan
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. Privacy of the people is at risk due (b) For the competition in the
to futuristic virtual reality pharmaceutical industry

2. Monopolies are always dangerous (c) Against the Monopoly of brands

for the online world
(d) For the the role of CCI to regulate
Which of the statements given above the industries
is/are correct?
Passage - 6
(a) 2 only
There is no harm in cultivating habits
(b) I only so long as they are not injurious.
indeed, most of us are little more
(c) Both 1 and 2
that bundle of habits. Take away our
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 habits and the residuum would hardly
be worth bothering about. We could
Passage - 5
not get on without them. They
“Currently, it appears that, when it simplify the mechanism of life. They
comes to medicines, competition is enable us to do a multitude of things
primarily on the basis of brands and automatically, which, if we had to
not prices. The study will identify give fresh and original thought to
measures to increase competition for them each time, would make
ensuring affordability of drugs,” the existence an impossible confusion.
CCI chairperson said. Market studies
Q. The author suggests that habits.
had been initiated in pharmaceuticals
and telecom, given their significance A) tend to make our lives difficult.
in the “new COVID-19-induced socio-
B) add precision to our lives
economic milieu”.
C) make it easier for us to live.
Q. The passage seems to argue:
D) tend to mechanize our lives.
(a) Against the high prices of
medicines Passage - 7
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

By standing knee-deep in seawater, Despite the fact that UN was

Kofe wanted to highlight how his low- excluded from the US-Taliban talks
lying Pacific island nation has been and intra-Afghan peace process, the
negatively impacted by climate UN is now seen as the primary
change and face the threat of avenue for humanitarian assistance
disappearing completely if sea levels in Afghanistan. If individual states
continue to rise. In his speech, he overpower and undermine the UN by
said that the islands of Tuvalu were preventing the institution from
considered “sacred”. “They were the engaging with the Taliban, glaring
home of our ancestors, they are the weaknesses in the UN system will
home of our people today and we inevitably come to the surface. As the
want them to remain the home of world waits for the Taliban to prove
our people into the future,” he that it has changed, the UN also
explained. needs to change its approach and
would do well to consider the
Q. This passage is likely to be an
following messages.
excerpt from
Q. On the basis of the above passage
A) a speech given in UN Conference
, the following assumptions have
of parties on climate change
been made
B) A statement or Order passed by
1. UN continuously failed to play its
the court of Tuvalu.
role effectively which led to his
C) Annual report published by the exclusion from US- Taliban talks.
Ministry of Forest and Climate
2. UN and Taliban both needs to
change of Tuvalu.
prove their credibility in order to gain
D) An anguish activist's speech or the confidence of other states.
letter on climate issues.
Which of the following is the correct
Passage - 8 option?

A) 1 Only
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) 2 Only B) Speaking for the ocean is speaking

for the island nations.
C) 1 and 2 Both
C) All problems related to ocean can
D) None of these .
be solved by reducing one-use
Passage - 9 plastic.

The most urgent problem facing the D) Existence of Single use plastic is a
ocean at the moment is plastic threat to marine biome. .
pollution. Reducing one-use plastic,
Passage - 10
including plastic bags and plastic
bottles, has been an important theme Although indigenous people make up
for World Oceans Day for a number less than five per cent of the world's
of years. Climate change and rising total population, they represent 15
sea temperatures are also a huge per cent of the world's poorest
problem. Rising sea temperatures people. They are more likely to have
have a direct influence on weather limited access to healthcare and
patterns and are seen as partly education, and members of
responsible for an increase in indigenous communities live shorter
extreme weather conditions. An lives than non-indigenous groups.
increase in carbon dioxide is Their languages are not normally
increasing the acid levels of seawater taught in schools, and many of these
and putting many marine organisms languages are in danger of
at risk. disappearing. It is estimated that one
indigenous language is lost every two
Q. Which among the following is the
weeks.
most logical and essential message
conveyed by the above passage? Q. Which of the following is the most
logical and rational inference that
A) Certain inventions proved to be a
can be made from the above
disaster for humankind.
passage?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) All the countries of the world

should encourage the indigenous
culture and languages.

B) Indigenous people should unite

and demand their recognition.

C) Indigenous languages should be

taught internationally.

D) Indigenous culture and people

need urgent attention in order to
preserve their culture and languages.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions from the second reading of the

passage.
1. (d)
3. (c)
First statement is incorrect because
there is no indication of harmfulness Phrases like 'on Afganistan'
of meteors in the passage. mentioned in the passage should give
you enough hints about that meeting.
Second statement is incorrect
because there is no mention of how 4. (b)
the detection process of NASA is.
Statement first is correct. It can be
Third statement is clearly incorrect implied through the phrase 'futuristic
because of the word 'always' virtual reality world would force
people to give up more of their
Fourth statement can be assumed
personal information' in the passage
from the speed criteria given in the
passage. Hence, it is correct. Statement second incorrect. Because
of the word 'always' in the statement.
2 (c)
And the passage just mentions that
First statement is clearly incorrect if Facebook will be a monopoly.
you know the basic reasoning.
5. (b)
Second statement is also incorrect as
The whole passage talks in favour of
only the species is different. (It was
increasing competition in the industry
still a dinosaur)
so that prices of medicines will be
Fourth statement is incorrect cheaper. Rest statements can be
because there is no evaluation of 3D eliminated easily.
models in the passage to detect the
6 (c)
origin of species.
In the paragraph, the author
Third statement is a balanced
advocates that habits make it easier
statement and can be inferred easily
for us to live.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

7 (a).

If you try to understand the context

and core idea of the passage then it is
easy to find out the right answer. But
for you information, let me tell you
this is an excerpt from Kofe's speech
given COP . who is also the foreign
minister islands of Tuvalu.

8. (b)

Past role of UN or its failure is not

discussed in the passage.

9 (d)

Option D is the most logical and

essential message that can be
conveyed by the passage. .

10 (d)

Option D provides the insight about

what should be done to address the
problem which is being discussed in
the passage. Option A specifically
talks about the government role
which is no where discussed in the
passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

norms that exist in a complex modern

Day - 11 nation-state composed of many
Directions for the following 10 (ten) disparate groups. The situation is
items: further complicated by the nature of
judgments about character, since
Read the following passages and such judgments are impressions
answer the items that follow. Your impressions. and are overly
answers to these questions should be dependent on since, furthermore,
based on the passage only. usually stated in qualitative terms, it
Passage - 1 is impossible to make a reliable
comparison between. national
National character considered characters of two countries.
discussing by is not formally social
scientists. economic and in social Which of the following best describes
development today. They believe the organization of the passage?
that people differ and that these a) A problem is presented and
differences should be taken into reasons for its existence are supplied.
account somehow, but they have as
yet discovered no way to include b) A controversial view is presented
such variables in their formal models and evidence for its validity is
of economic and social development. supplied.
The difficulty lies in the nature of the c) A hypothesis is presented and
data that supposedly define different possible means of verifying it are
national characters. Anthropologists suggested.
and others are on much firmer
ground when they attempt to d) A recent development is described
describe the cultural norms for a and then analyzed.
small homogeneous tribe or village Passage - 2
than when they undertake the
formidable task of discovering the The delegates to the Constitutional
Convention were realists. They knew
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

that the greatest battles would take a) They knew that most members of
place after the convention, once the congress would want to broaden the
Constitution had already been powers of the national government
drafted and signed. The delegates
b) It was unclear whether Congress
had overstepped their bounds.
had the legal right to offer or
Instead of amending the Articles of
withhold such approval
Confederation by which the American
states had previously been governed, c) They considered it more
they had proposed an entirely new democratic to appeal directly to the
government. Under these citizens of the separate states
circumstances, the convention was
d) They believed that Congress would
understandably reluctant to submit
not accept the sweeping changes
its work to the Congress for approval.
they had proposed
Instead, the delegates decided to
Passage - 3
pursue what amounted to a
revolutionary course. They declared Performance trends reveal that urban
that ratification of the new learners always secure better grades
Constitution by nine states would be than their rural counterparts. It is not
sufficient to establish new caliber that affects their
government. In other words, the performance, but the resources and
Constitution was being submitted opportunities available to them.
directly to the people. Not even the Again, we cannot say that teaching is
Congress, which had called the not a motivating profession. There
convention, would be asked to are truly passionate teachers out
approve its work. there to make a difference. However,
poor remuneration and inadéquate
According to the passage, the
training are discouraging.
delegates to the Constitutional
Technology, on its part, has the
Convention did not submit their work
potential to positively affect the
to Congress for approval because
quality of education, and also to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

break the digital divide plaguing our turning, the law of conservation of
system. angular momentum absolutely
prevents such a movement.
Which of the following best inferred
from the passage? Some movements involving primarily
vertical or horizontal motions of the
a) Rural learner has a lack of caliber
body as a whole, in which rotations
due to inadequate training of
can be ignored, can be studied using
teachers.
simple equations of linear motion in
b) It is the goverment duty to provide three dimensions. However,
teacher better salary and adequate rotational motions require more
training complex approaches that involve
analyses of the way the body's mass
c) Urban learner gets better facilities
is distributed, the axes of rotation
than rural learners
involved in different types of
d) For achieving a quality education movement, and the sources of the
learners must migrate to Urban forces that produce the rotational
Areas. movement.

Passage - 4 The primary purpose of the passage

is to
Analyzing the physics of dance can
add fundamentally to a dancer's skill. a) Initiate a debate over two
Although dancers seldom see approaches to analyzing a field of
themselves totally in physical terms- study
as body mass moving through space
b) Describe how one field of
under the influence of well-known
knowledge can be applied to another
forces and obeying physical laws-
field
neither can they afford to ignore the
physics of movement. For example, c) Point out the contradictions
no matter how much a dancer wishes between two distinct theories
to leap off the floor and then start
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

d) Define and elaborate on an b) Conducting inexpensive medical

accepted scientific principle courses

Passage - 5 c) Improving the economic condition

of the masses.
The present medical and health-care
system is urban-base, closely geared d) Expediting the setting up of a new
to drugs, hospitals and expensively health order.
trained apathetic doctors. The bulk of
Passage - 6
the population in poor countries, who
live in rural areas, are left untouched For a practising Buddhist like me,
by all this and must rely on traditional “dharma” (dhamma in Pali) would
healers. The answer is to turn out generally mean the teachings of the
medical/health personnel sufficiently, Buddha — the Four Noble Truths and
but not expensively, trained to the Eightfold Path. These teachings
handle routine complaints and to get have been the guiding light for all
villagers to pay adequate attention to Buddhists for over 2,500 years. In
cleanliness, hygienic sanitation, some places, Dharma, or Dhamma, is
garbage disposal and other also referred to as the “cosmic law”.
elementary but crucial matters. More There is a story from the life of Lord
complicated ailments can be referred Buddha that I would like to share.
to properly equipped centres in One day the Buddha asked his monks,
district towns, cities and “How long is one’s life?” One of them
metropolises. Traditional healers, replied, “A few years.” Someone
whom villagers trust, can be among answered, “A few days!” Another
these intermediate personnel. responded, “Between meals!” Finally,
the Buddha said, “Life lasts for the
Q. The author thinks that the solution
duration of one breath.” One breath
to the problem of medical/health
is all that life is.
care lies in

a) Opening hospitals in rural areas.

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q. On the basis of the above passage, The unplanned growth of the city has
the following assumptions have been led to the filling up of lakes and tanks
made: and shrunk wetlands. For instance,
the shopping hub of T Nagar was built
1) One of the main aims of the
on a lake bed and the city airport
Dhamma or Dharma is to define the
came up on the floodplains of Adyar.
duration of one's life.
Q. Which of the following is the most
2) Four Nobel Truths and Eightfold
logical, rational and critical inference
path are the guiding light for all
that can be made from the above
Bhuddhists for over 2500 years.
passage?
Choose the correct Option
A) Negligence of authorities led to
A) 1 Only the flooding of the city.

B) 2 Only B) Proper Water Body Management is

missing in the city of Chennai.
C) 1 and 2 Both
C) Unplanned growth of the city is the
D) None of these
root cause of clogged rivers in the
Passage - 7 city.

Since the 2015 rain in Chennai, the D) Strom and Rain is responsible for
impact of which was exacerbated due the flooding in Chennai.
to poor reservoir management, the
Passage - 8
administration has done extensive
work to build storm water drains in There is a charitable explanation for
flood-prone areas and declogged the this paternalism. China, after all, is
city’s two rivers, Adyar and Cooum. still ostensibly communist and Karl
But much more has to be done, Marx did say “social being
especially since the root cause of the determines consciousness”. Perhaps,
city’s distress during rains lies in in a conservative, authoritarian
mismanagement of its water bodies. society, punishing parents for their
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

children’s misdeeds is the only way best food theorist I know, had once
for an all-powerful state to force its warned us against.
way into the familial dialectic. It is
Q. Which among the following is the
more likely, though, that a task as
most logical and essential message
important as raising future acolytes
conveyed by the above passage?
for the party-state is too important to
be left to parents. A) Despite record grain output, India
failed to address the hunger due to
Q. The passage seems to argue
its republic state.
A) Against the ideology of Karl Marx
B) Capitalism is solely responsible for
B) For the greater role of parents in the hunger crisis in India.
raising the children.
C) Food Management system in India
C) For the ideology of fails which led to poor performance
authoritarianism in GHI.

D) None of the above D) None of the above .

Passage - 9 Passage - 10

A few months after this incident, the To avert even more serious hunger
Global Hunger Index (GHI) report crises in the region, we need to build
ranked India at 101 out of a total of stronger food systems for
116 countries. Very unceremoniously, smallholder farmers. They are the
we were again labelled the republic anchor for food systems that feed
of hungry citizens. To add misery to billions. But often they face barriers
this horrible truth is the fact that in to entering or engaging effectively in
the crop year 2019-20 (July-June), the markets for their agricultural
country’s food grain output was at a production, which limits their ability
record 297.5 million tones. Hunger in to realise a profit from agriculture.
India is thus a classic case of the crisis Many are constrained by inadequate
of capitalism, which Karl Marx, the systems and policies that make it
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

difficult for them to be profitable or

to grow enough nutritious food. And
now hundreds of millions who
depend on agriculture to survive are
losing their crops and livestock to a
surge of climate extremes.

Q. What the above passage imply?

A) Resource-based conflicts are

always politically motivated.

B) Environmental issues contribute to

resource stresses and political
conflicts.

C) Climate extremes along with faulty

policies hurt the smallholder farmers.

D) Hunger crisis is self made, hence

need self consciousness to tackle.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions but not expensively" implies that

solution to the problem of medical
1. (a) In the passage a problem is
care lies in conducting inexpensive
presented and reasons for its
medical courses.
existence are supplied
6 (b)
2 (d)
Dhamma or Dharma is to be the
From the passage it can be concluded
guiding light for the all bhuddhists
that the delegates to the
not is to define the duration of life.
constitutional convention did not
submit their work to Congress for 7 (c)
approval because they believe that
Option C provides the most logical,
Congress would not accept the
rational and critical inference that
sweeping changes they had proposed
can be made from the above passage
3. (c) and directly talk about the main
reason of the problem which is being
In the passage author mentioned that
discussed in the passage.
grades in urban are better not
because rural learners lack of calibre 8. (d)
but it is due to lack of basic facilities.
None of the above seems to be
4. (b) correct as the passage doesn't talk
about any favor or against.
From the passage it can be inferred
that the author want to describe how 9 (c)
one field of knowledge can be
Option C is correct because in
applied to another feet.
passage it is given that on one side
5. (b) we have record output of grains and
on other side we are suffering hunger
In the passage of author mentioned
crisis it means that food management
that "The answer is to turn out
is at fault.
medical/health personnel sufficiently,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

10 (c)

Option A and B are irrelevant with

the passage and in Option D the
reason or the origin of Hunger crisis is
discussed which is not relatable with
the article. Hence Option C is the
right answer.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

functional meaning and aesthetic

Day - 12 appeal had the greatest similarity to
Directions for the following 10 (ten) the tales with deep roots in their
items: ancestral homeland. Regardless of
where slave tales came from, the
Read the following passages and essential point is that, with respect to
answer the items that follow. Your language, delivery, details of
answers to these questions should be characterization, and plot, slaves
based on the passage only. quickly made them their own.
Passage - 1 Q. The author's main purpose is to
The extended debate concerning the a) Create a new field of study
exact point of origin of individual
folktales told by Afro-American slaves b) Discredit an existing field of study
has unfortunately taken precedence c) Change the focus of a field of study
over analysis of the tales' meaning
and function, Cultural continuities d) Transplant scholarly techniques
with Africa were not dependent on from one field of study to another
the importation and perpetuation of Passage - 2
specific folktales in their pristine
form. It is in the place that tales Although scientists observe that an
occupied in the lives of the slaves and organism's behavior falls into
the meaning slaves derived from rhythmic patterns, they disagree
them that the clearest resemblances about how these patterns are
to African tradition can be found. affected when the organism is
Afro American slaves did not borrow transported to a new environment.
tales indiscriminately from the One experimenter, Brown, brought
Whites among whom they lived. oysters from Connecticut waters to
Black people were most influenced Illinois waters. She noted that the
by those Euro-American tales whose oysters initially opened their shells
widest when it was high tide in
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Connecticut, but that after fourteen 3. Both experimenters knew

days their rhythms had adapted to organism's rhythmic patterns in its
the tide schedule in Illinois. Although original environment.
she could not posit an unequivocal
a) 1 only
causal relationship between behavior
and environmental change, Brown b) 2 only
concluded that a change in tide
c) 1 and 2 only
schedule is one of several possible
exogenous influences (those outside d) 2 and 3 only
the organism) on the oysters'
Passage - 3
rhythms. Another experimenter,
Hamner, however, discovered that Notable as important nineteenth-
hamsters from California maintain century novels by Frankenstein
their original rhythms even at the women, and Mary Emily Wuthering
South Pole. He concluded that Heights treat differently. Shelley
endogenous influences (those inside Shelley's Bronte's women produced
the organism) seem to affect an very a "masculine text in which the
organism's rhythmic behavior. fates of subordinate female
characters seem entirely dependent
The passage suggests that Brown's
on the actions of male heroes or anti-
study was similar to Hamner's in
heroes. Bronte produced a more
which of the following ways?
realistic narrative, portraying a world
1. Both experimenters discovered where men battle for the favors of
that a new environment had a apparently high-spirited,
significant effect on rhythms. an independent women. Nevertheless,
organism's behavior these two novels are alike in several
crucial ways. Many readers are
2. Both experimenters observed an
convinced that the compelling
organism's behavioral rhythms after
mysteries of each plot conceal
the organism had been transported
elaborate structures of allusion and
to a new environment.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

fierce, though shadowy, moral to promote the health and growth of

ambitions that seem to indicate meat animals. Medications added to
metaphysical intentions, though feeds kill microorganisms but also
efforts by critics to articulate these encourage the appearance of
intentions controversy. have Both bacterial strains that are resistant to
storytelling method generated much anti-infective drugs. Already, for
novelists that ironic disjunctions example, penicillin and tetracycline
between use a emphasizes different are not as effective therapeutically as
perspectives on the same events as they once were. The drug resistance
well as ironic tensions that inhere in is chiefly conferred by tiny circlets of
the relationship between surface genes, called plasmids, that can be
drama and concealed authorial exchanged between different strains
intention, a method I call an and even different species of
evidentiary narrative technique. bacteria. Plasmids are also one of the
two kinds of vehicles (the other being
Q. According to the passage,
viruses) that molecular biologists
Frankenstein Heights differs from
depend. on when performing gene
Wuthering in its
transplant experiments. Even present
a) Use of multiple narrators guidelines forbid the laboratory use
of plasmids bearing genes for
b) Method of disguising the author's
resistance to antibiotics. Yet, while
real purposes
the congressional debate rages over
c) Portrayal of men as determiners of whether or not to toughen these
the novel's action restrictions on scientists in their
laboratories, little congressional
d) Creation of a realistic story
attention has been focused on an ill-
Passage - 4 advised agricultural practice that
produces known deleterious effects.
The Food and Drug Administration
has recently proposed severe Q. According to the passage, the
restrictions on the use of antibiotics exchange of plasmids between
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

different bacteria can result in which had drifted. The cases are not
of the following? precisely analogous. There were
serious problems with the pre-drift
a) Microorganisms resistant to drugs
world view that a drift theory could
b) Therapeutically useful circlets of help to resolve, whereas Earth
genes expansion appears to offer no
comparable advantages. If however,
c) Anti-infective drugs like penicillin
physicists could show that the Earth's
d) Viruses for use by molecular gravitational force has decreased
biologists with time, expansion would have to
be reconsidered and accommodated.
Passage - 5
Q. It can be deduced from the
The hypothesis of an expanding Earth
passage that the gravitational force
has never attracted notable support,
at a point on the Earth's surface is
and if it were not for the historical
example of continental drift, such a) Representative of the geologic age
indifference might be a legitimate of the Earth
response to an apparently
b) Analogous to the movement of
improbable concept. It should be
landmasses
remembered, however, that drift too
was once regarded as illusory, but the c) Similar to optical phenomena such
idea was kept alive until evidence as mirages
from physicists compelled geologists
d) Proportional to the size of the
to reinterpret their data.
Earth
Of course, it would be as dangerous
Passage - 6
to overreact to history by concluding
that the majority must now be wrong Safe and sustianable sanitation in
about expansion as it would be to slums has immeasureable benefits to
reenact the response that greeted women and girls in terms of their
the suggestion that the continents healthy safety, privacy and dignity.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

However, women do not feature in D) None of these

most of the schemes and policies on
Passage - 7
urban sanitation. The fact that even
now the manual scavenging exists, As youth are increasingly demanding
only goes to the show that enough more just, equitable and progressive
has been done to promote pour flush opportunities and solutions in their
toilets and discontinue that use of societies, the need to address the
the dry latrines. A more sustained multifaceted challenges faced by
and rigorous campaign needs to be young people (such as access to
launced towards the right to education, health, employment and
sanitation on a very large scale. This gender equality) have become more
should primarily focus on the pressing than ever. Youth can be a
abolition of manual scavenging. positive force for development when
provided with the knowledge and
Q. With the reference to the above
opportunities they need to thrive. In
passage, consider the following
particular, young people should
statements.
acquire the education and skills
A) Urban sanitation problems can be needed to contribute in a productive
fully solved by the abolition of economy; and they need access to a
manual scavenging only. job market that can absorb them into
the labor force.
B) There is a need to promote
greater awareness on safe sanitation Q. This passage suggests that
practices in urban areas.
A) With the increase awareness
Which of the following is the correct regarding opportunities, there is an
option? increase in job demand as well.

A) 1 Only B) Youth needs to be directed into a

positive direction and should be
B) 2 Only
provided knowledge and
C) 1 and 2 Only opportunities they need.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) Skilled and educated youth is Q. With the reference of the above

needed to drive the economy on a passage, which of the following
large scale. statements is/are true?

D) None of these 1. International days serves as the

vocals for the various global issues.
Passage - 8
2. UN rely only on these International
The existence of international days
days for creating awareness.
predates the establishment of the
United Nations, but the UN has Choose the correct option
embraced them as a powerful
A) 1
advocacy tool. The United Nations
observes designated days, weeks, B) 2
years, and decades, each with a
C) 1 and 2 Both
theme, or topic. By creating special
observances, the United Nations D) None of the above
promotes international awareness
Passage - 9
and action on these issues. Each
international day offers many actors The Global North is, through its
the opportunity to organize activities industrial activities, historically
related to the theme of the day. responsible for 92 percent of excess
Organizations and offices of the global CO2 emissions and has
United Nations system, and most endangered our past and present.
importantly, governments, civil The $100bn a year is just a drop in
society, the public and private the bucket of their debt to humanity
sectors, schools, universities and, as we expect climate impacts to cost
more generally, citizens, make an $7.9 trillion by 2050. Not only is the
international day a springboard for current flow of money into climate
awareness-raising actions. finance not enough; it also creates
debt. According to a 2020 Oxfam
report, 80 percent of climate finance
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

came in the form of loans to be paid violence with impunity. Ethiopia’s

back and not grants. This means modern and progressive constitution
impacted countries are sinking into explicitly stipulates the rights of
debt to the countries that historically women. Yet the constitution is
caused the climate crisis. commonly undermined by prevailing
patriarchal social norms. One out of
Q. With the reference of the above
every 10 women in Ethiopia is a
passage, which of the following is the
victim of abduction, early marriage,
most valid assumption?
and, or, marital rape.
A) The world needs to do a lot more
Q. Which one of the following
to tackle climate change.
statements best sumps up the above
B) There is a rift between the North passage?
and South in actions related to
A) Sexual violence in Ethiopia is a
climate change.
societal problem arises due to
C) Finances came for climate crisis prevailing patriarchal social norms.
should be proportionate.
B) Ethiopia's constitution promotes
D) The Global North is majorly and validates the misogynistic
responsible for the climate crisis. behavior

Passage - 10 C) Law and Order situation in Ethiopia

is beyond control due to widely
Indeed, long before the beginning of
accepted malicious customs
atrocities in Tigray, sexual violence
was already widespread across the D) With the beginning of atrocities,
country. With justice afforded only to rapes and sexual violence also began
those able to pay for it, and widely
accepted customs validating
misogynistic behavior, many in
Ethiopia have long been committing
rape and other acts of gender-based
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions novel's action while that's not the

case in Wuthering Heights.
1. (c)
4. (a)
From the passage it seems the author
tries to change the focus of a field of In the passage, it is mentioned that
study "Medications added to feeds kill
many microorganisms but also
2 (b)
encourage the appearance of
In the passage, it is mentioned: bacterial strains that are resistant to
"Brown concluded that a change in anti-infective drugs." Implies that
tide schedule is one of several exchange of plasmids between
possible exogenous influences (those different bacteria can result in
outside the organism) on the oysters' microorganisms resistant to drugs.
rhythms." Implies that the change in
5. (d)
tide schedule may be an important
exogenous influence on an oyster's It is mentioned, "If however,
rhythms best describes the physicists could show that the Earth's
conclusion drawn by Brown. gravitational force has decreased
with time, expansion would have to
3. (c)
be reconsidered and
In the passage, it is mentioned "Mary accommodated." From this, we can
Shelley's Frankenstein and Emily deduce that the gravitational force at
Bronte's Wuthering Heights treat a point on the Earth's surface is
women very differently. Shelley proportional to the size of the Earth.
produced a "masculine" text in which
6 (b)
the fates of subordinate female
characters seem entirely dependent Statement A is limiting the solutions
on the actions of male heroes or anti- need to tackle the problem of urban
heroes." Implies that Frankenstein sanitation, Hence is not correct.
Portrays men as determiners of the
7 (b)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Option B summaries the above

passage and hence is the right
answer.

8. (a)

It is no where mentioned that UN

only depends on these International
days or weeks for creating
awareness, though they are effective
way to do so.

9 (d)

It is easy to find that this passage

talks about the role the Global North
in creating climate crisis . so, Option
D is the right answer.

10 (a)

Option A talks about the root cause

of why there is a lot of crime against
the women in Ethiopia. Hence, is the
correct answer.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

income comparisons over countries

Day - 13 difficult.
Directions for the following 10 (ten) C) no part of national output should
items: be produced and consumed without
Read the following passages and passing through commercial
answer the items that follow. Your channels.
answers to these questions should be D) a part of the national output
based on the passage only. being produced and consumed
Passage - 1 without passing through commercial
channels is a sign of
"The conceptual difficulties in underdevelopment.
National Income comparisons
between underdeveloped and Passage - 2
industrialised countries are The German women’s gymnastics
particularly serious because a part of team made headlines with their
the national output in various chosen wardrobe. The four-member
underdeveloped countries is team, comprising Sarah Voss, Pauline
produced without through the Schaefer-Betz, Elisabeth Seitz and
commercial channels" Kim Bui, wore red and white full-body
Q. In the above passage, the author unitards to the qualifying rounds of
implies the Olympics. The team had a
discussion before the event and
A) the entire national output decided to wear the unitards as a
produced and consumed in “move that was designed to promote
industrialized countries passes freedom of choice and encourage
through commercial channels. women to wear what makes them
B) the existence of a non feel comfortable.
commercialized sector in different Q. Which among the following is the
most logical and rational inference
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

that can be made from the above Q. Which among the following is the
passage? most logical corollary to the above
passage?
A) Olympics along with other major
events promotes gender A) Singhbhum region shows the
discrimination. earlier emergence of humankind on
earth.
B) Gymnastics is used as a tool by
players to promote gender equality. B) Recent research published in PNAS
is contrary to what is being published
C) Unitards are more comfortable for
earlier.
gymnasts to perform.
C) Report published in PNAS corrects
D) Wearing unitards and giving
the timeline of emergence of
performance was to promote
continents from sea.
women's freedom of choice.
D) None of these
Passage - 3
Passage - 4
A new study has challenged the
widely accepted view that the The declaration of the just-concluded
continents rose from the oceans COP26 at Glasgow begins by making a
about 2.5 billion years ago. It reference to the Covid-19 pandemic.
suggests this happened 700 million That was, perhaps, inevitable. The
years earlier — about 3.2 billion years pandemic delayed the climate
ago — and that the earliest summit by a year and loomed large
continental landmass to emerge may on the proceedings. High travel costs
have been Jharkhand’s Singhbhum and quarantine rules reportedly
region. The study, by researchers resulted in several developing
from India, Australia and the US, has countries sending smaller
been published in the journal PNAS. delegations. On the eve of the meet,
The Guardian relayed the warning of
activists that about two-thirds of civil
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

society organisations who usually Yet, these ideas have a profound

send representatives to UNFCCC impact on global politics. Even more
conclaves would keep away from the importantly, calls for regionalism and
Glasgow COP, “making it one of the internationalism as well as religious
whitest climate conferences”. Health and ethnic solidarity often end up as
risks to those who attended were instruments for the pursuit of
also obvious. national interest.

Q. With the reference of above Q. What is the key idea of this

passage , the following assumptions passage?
have been made
A) Religious interests are always
1. Covid-19 has impeded the oppose to secular interests.
negotiations on climate change.
B) Today's global politics influenced
2, Developing countries have by various ideologies than ever
remained under represented in before.
COP26 meeting due to covid-19.
C) Religious and Ethnic solidarity are
Choose the correct option serves as the tool for national
interests.
A) 1 Only
D) Various ideologies have major
B) 2 Only
impact on global as well as national
C) 1 and 2 Both politics.

D) None of these Passage - 6

Passage - 5 The individual, according to

Rousseau, parts his person and all his
Internationalism based on religion,
power in common under the
region or secular ideologies has
supreme direction of the General will
always run headlong into resistance
and in our corporate capacity we
from sectarianism and nationalism.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

receive each member as an individual Kashmir. There is already a huge

part of the whole." demand for Kashmiri handcrafted
products abroad, even as it is not
Q. In the light of the above passage,
benefiting the artisans directly.
the nature of General will is best
described as Q. On the basis of the above passage,
the following assumptions have been
A) the sum total of the private wills of
made
the individuals.
1. Only Srinagar, Ganderbal and
B) what is articulated by the elected
Budgam are the centres of handicraft
representatives of the individuals.
in Kashmir.
C) the collective good as distinct from
2. Handicraft is a major source of
private wills of the individuals.
livelihood for the artisans in Kashmir.
D) the material interests of the
Choose the correct option
community.
A) 1 Only
Passage - 7
B) 2 Only
While the entire central Kashmir is
known for its varied craft traditions, C) 1 and 2 Both
the UCCN allows only individual cities
D) None of the above
to file nominations. Srinagar,
Ganderbal and Budgam are the main Passage - 8
districts of Kashmir that have for ages
However, the nature of a lot of work
been involved in making handicrafts
today involves meeting deadlines,
products — such as textiles, carpets
achieving certain objectives and
and rugs, crewel embroidery,
hitting targets. As most people
silverware, woodwork and papier-
who've worked in these kinds of
mâché. In fact, after tourism,
environments know, productivity is
handicraft is a major source of
less about how many hours you
livelihood for many artisans in
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

spend in the office and more about a mouse. One in seven sales are now
how well you meet those goals. Even made online and studies suggest that
though they're outside the office, the by 2021, global online retail will reach
remote worker who is not meeting an enormous US$4.8 trillion. As
targets is quickly noticed. companies race to improve their
Micromanaging bosses don't help internet shopping experience, the
productivity either. In fact, research trend towards shopping online is
shows that controlling bosses can predicted to continue.
have a negative effect on their
Q. Which among the following is the
employees' performance.
most logical, rational and critical
Q. This passage relates to inference that can be made from the
above passage?
A) Aggressive work culture.
A) People are getting lazy which
B) Increase in productivity by the
promotes the online shopping.
means of micromanaging.
B) There is a change in the trend the
C) Impact of Micromanaging on
way people do shopping now a days.
productivity.
C) Online retail shopping adds
D) Duty to meet deadlines and hit
trillions to the economy of US.
targets.
D) None of the above. .
Passage - 9
Passage - 10
In the past few decades, the way we
shop has changed dramatically. We When conflict arises, we can often
used to buy our goods in traditional see nature's fight-or-flight response –
shops, on the high street or in either attacking the enemy or
department stores. Now, customers running away. The 'fight' reaction is
are increasingly buying online, where when people start to prepare
they can order whatever they want themselves for an argument. But by
directly to their door with the click of getting aggressive, they might not
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

only damage their relationships but

also miss the chance of growing
through constructive feedback. The
'flight' response involves ignoring the
issue altogether. People suppress
their feelings, hide disagreements
and pretend that everything is fine
when it is not. However, the conflict
remains unresolved and the problem
gets worse.

Q. With the reference to the above

passage, the following assumptions
have been made:

1. Choosing an option to remain calm

during conflict is better.

2. Ignoring the issue is better than to

be get aggressive.

Which of the following is the correct

option?

A) 1 Only

B) 2 Only

C) 1 and 2 Both

D) None of these
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions cost which made them under

represented.
1. (d)
5. (d)
According to the author, the national
output has to pass through the Though option C statement is correct
commercial channels, before but it is not the central or key idea of
consumption, lacking which would the passage.
lead to loss of income, leading to
First two options are extreme
underdevelopment and economic
statements and hence cannot be a
disparity.
central idea.
2 (d)
6 (c)
It is evident from the above passage
The nature of General Will, in the
that Option D is the best inference
passage, is best described as the
that can be made.
collective good as distinct from
3. (c) Private Wills of the individuals.

Option B is not correct as it states 7 (b)

that PNAS report is contrary which
Answer is Option B
means it is opposite to what is being
published but it is not true according As entire Kashmir is known for the
to passage. varied craft traditions, so statement 1
is wrong..
Hence Option C is the right answer
8. (c)
4. (c)
Answer is Option C
It is evident from the passage that
smaller delegation has been sent by In the above passage, the impact of
the developing countries due to micromanaging and its impact on
quarantine rules and high travelling productivity and performance is
being discussed.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

9 (b)

People now a days have changed

their way of shopping and this is what
being discussed in the passage.
Hence Option B is the correct answer.

10 (d)

Answer is Option D

Here in the above passage,

comparison between the two options
that is fight or flight is not being
discussed any where that's why both
the statements are wrong to be
assume.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) Our country has a lot of diversity

Day - 14 with its many castes, communities
Directions for the following 10 (ten) and religions.
items: B) True democracy could be
Read the following passages and established by providing equal
answer the items that follow. Your opportunities to all.
answers to these questions should be C) So far none of us have actually
based on the passage only. understood the meaning of
Passage - 1 democracy.

We generally talk about the D) It will never be possible us to

democracy but when it comes to any establish truly democratic
particular thing, we prefer a governance in our country.
belonging to our caste or community Passage - 2
or religion. So long as we have this
kind of temptation, our democracy The Resilient Kerala Program will
will remain a phoney kind of focus on two key areas. First, it will
democracy. We must be in a position incorporate disaster risk planning in
to respect a man as a man and to the master plans of urban and local
extend opportunities for self-governments to ease financial
development to those who deserve constraints on the state government
them and not to those who happen when faced with unexpected shocks.
to belong to our community or race. Second, it will help make the health,
This fact of favoritisms has been water resources management,
responsible for much discontent and agriculture, and road sectors more
ill will in our country. resilient to calamities.

Q. Which one of the following Q. With the reference on the above

statements best sumps up the above passage, consider the following
passage? statements
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. Disaster risk planning is missing in border and global harms versus

the master plans of urban territorial sovereignty.
governments in Kerala.
Q. Which among the following is
2. Basic amenities need to be made most logical and rational inference
resilient to calamities in Kerala. that can be made from the above
passage?
Which of the following is the correct
assumption? 1) Stockholm conference was
unsuccessful in achieving its
A) 1 Only
objectives.
B) 2 Only
2) Some Environmental debates are
C) 1 and 2 Both impossible to get solved.

D) None of these 3) Geopolitical rivalry is the main

cause behind the major global
Passage - 3
problems.
Although the Stockholm Conference
4) Visions of globality were at the
was informed by visions of globality
highest potential during world war II.
and world unity that gained ground in
the decades following World War II, it choose the correct option
was also marked by geopolitical
A) 1 , 2 and 3
rivalry and North–South divisions.
Many of the tensions that came to B) 2 and 3
the fore during the conference are
C) 1,2 and 4
still at the center of global
environmental debates: D) None of the above
environmental protection versus the
Passage - 4
right to development, the pollution of
the affluent versus the degradation Additive manufacturing (AM) has
of poverty, the need to tackle cross- become an attractive production
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

technology for the aerospace sector, twice as high in low- and middle-
particularly in the area of missiles, income countries compared with
space launch vehicles and uncrewed high-income nations. Nearly 90
aerial vehicles (UAVs). Modern AM percent of cervical cancer deaths
techniques—often referred to as 3D worldwide occur in low- and middle-
printing—create objects from income countries. This tragedy is
feedstock materials such as metallic playing out especially in Africa,
powders by building them up from cutting the prospects and lives of
the first to the last layer in an many girls and women short. The
iterative process of depositing and impact of the disease on afflicted
fusing layers of material. AM is being families and communities is
used to produce a growing range of significant, as it is on national
components for missiles and UAVs. progress in achieving the health and
development targets set by the
Q. Which among the following is the
Sustainable Development Goals.
most logical and rational inference
for the above passage? Q. With the reference of the above
passage, consider the following
A) AM is used on a large scale in
assumptions?
varied range of sectors.
1. National progress in low and
B) Modern AM techniques probably
middle income countries is marginally
be the most lethal one.
affected by the cervical cancer crisis.
C) Aerospace sector is highly
2. Women and girls around the world
influenced by the Modern AM.
are prone to cervical crisis due to
D) None of these poverty.

Passage - 5 Choose the correct option

As with COVID-19, inequity is at the A) 1 Only

core of the cervical cancer crisis:
B) 2 Only
Incidence of cervical cancer is nearly
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) 1 and 2 Both (b) Indian economy greatly depends

on its agriculture.
D) None of these
(c) India should take strict measures
Passage - 6
to control its rapid population
Global population was around 1.6 growth.
billion in 1990—today it is around 7.2
(d) India’s farming communities
billion and growing. Recent estimates
should switch over to other
on population growth predict a global
occupations to improve their
population of 9.6 billion in 2050 and
economic conditions
10.9 billion in 2100. Unlike Europe
and North America, where only three Passage - 7
to four per cent of population is
Many pathogens that cause
engaged in agriculture, around 47 per
foodborne illnesses are unknown.
cent of India’s population is
Food contamination can occur at any
dependent upon agriculture. Even if
stage from farm to plate. Since most
India continues to do well in the
cases of food poisoning go
service sector and the manufacturing
unreported, the true extent of global
sector picks up, it is expected that
foodborne illnesses is unknown.
around 2030 when India overtakes
Improvements in international
China as the world’s most populous
monitoring have led to greater public
country, nearly 42 per cent of India’s
awareness, yet the rapid globalization
population will still be predominantly
of food production increases
dependent on agriculture.
consumers’ vulnerability by making
Which of the following is the most food harder to regulate and trace.
logical and rational inference that “We have the world on our plates”,
can be made from the above says an official of WHO.
passage?
Which of the following is the most
(a) Prosperity of agriculture sector is logical corollary to the above
of critical importance to India. passage?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) With more options for food come can be made from the above
more risks. passage?

(b) Food processing is the source of (a) It is the faith and not science that
all food borne illnesses. can finally solve all the problems of
mankind.
(c) We should depend on locally
produced food only. b) Science and faith can be mutually
complementary if their proper
(d) Globalization of food production
domains are understood.
should be curtailed.
(c) There are some very fundamental
Passage - 8
questions which cannot be answered
I am a scientist, privileged to be by either science or faith.
somebody who tries to understand
(d) In today’s culture, scientific views
nature using the tools of science. But
are given more importance than
it is also clear that there are some
spiritual views.
really important questions that
science cannot really answer, such as Passage - 9
: Why is there something instead of
Though I have discarded much of past
nothing? Why are we here? In those
tradition and custom, and am anxious
domains, I have found that faith
that India should rid herself of all
provides a better path to answers. I
shackles that bind and contain her
find it oddly anachronistic that in
and divide her people, and suppress
today’s culture there seems to be a
vast numbers of them, and prevent
widespread presumption that
the free development of the body
scientific and spiritual views are
and the spirit; though I seek all this,
incompatible.
yet I do not wish to cut myself off
Which of the following is the most from that past completely. I am
logical and rational inference that proud of that great inheritance that
has been and is, ours and I am
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

conscious that I too, like all of us, am globally and a major source of energy
a link in that unbroken chain which for industry, including steel
goes back to the dawn of history in manufacturing and heating.
the immemorial past of India.
Q.Which among the following is the
The author wants India to rid herself most logical, rational and critical
of certain past bonds because inference that can be made from the
above passage?
(a) he is not able to see the relevance
of the past A) Clean energy is needed to initiated
by the steel manufacturing and
(b) there is not much to be proud of
heating industry.
(c) he is not interested in the history
B) Green house gas emission needs to
of India
be curbed while scaling up the
(d) they obstruct her physical and renewable alternatives.
spiritual growth
C) Certain Industries are required to
Passage - 10 be shutdown in order to curb
emissions.
The clean energy transition means
shifting energy production away from D) Clean energy transition is an
sources that release a lot of expensive change needs a lot of
greenhouse gases to those that collaboration.
release little to no greenhouse gases.
The challenge of the clean energy
transition is twofold – to eliminate
the entrenched use of unabated fossil
fuels, while scaling up low-carbon
sources such as renewables, like
hydro, solar and wind, as well as
nuclear. Coal remains the largest
source of electricity generation
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions 5. (d)

1. (b) Answer is Option D

Answer is Option B Statement 1 is saying the the impact

is marginal but it is not so. Statement
Option B talks about the providing
2 is nowhere discussed in the passage
equal opportunities to all irrespective
as who is more prone to cancer
of the caste or community or religion.
around the world. .
That's what is a True democracy.
6 (b)
2 (c)
Even though some statements may
It is truly evident from the passage
appear to be true with regard to
that both the statements are true to
universal truth or based upon your
be assumed,
opinions these ideas are not directly
3. (d) conveyed in the flow of ideas within
th given paragraph.
Answer is Option D
7 (a)
All the above statements cannot be
inferred from the above passage, Option A can be the answer because
Hence Option D is the correct Option. wildly this is the implied meaning
though explicitly unstated.
4. (c)
Option B seems to be the implied
Answer is Option C
meaning this cannot be true because
Option A is irrelevant with the it is just a crude assumption we
passage and Option B is nowhere hardly constructed from the passage
discussed in the passage. and with
8. (b)
context of the passage it is evident
that Option C is the most logical and Reading through the passage clearly
rational inference. . throws the fact that the narrator
believes both science and faith, are
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

important in arriving at certain

answers; hence the only option that
proves this to be true is

b) Science and faith can be mutually

complementary if their proper
domains are understood.

9 (d)

The passage directly answers the

question provided, with a little
synonymous terms like physical for
body and Spiritual for spirit. Hence
you can easily answer the question
form the above passage

(d) they obstruct her physical and

spiritual growth.

10 (b)

Option B summarizes the above

passage and hence the most logical,
rational and critical inference.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) Senior politician

Day - 15
(d) Former secretary general of
Directions for the following 10 (ten) United Nations
items:

Read the following passages and

answer the items that follow. Your Passage - 2
answers to these questions should be A common civil code will help the
based on the passage only. cause of national integration by
Passage - 1 removing disparate loyalties to laws
which have conflicting ideologies. No
Mr. Bolsonaro took office with community is likely to bell the cat by
promises to develop the Amazon, and making gratuitous concessions on this
dismissed global outcry about its issue. It is the State which is charged
destruction. His administration has with the duty of securing a uniform
defanged environmental authorities civil code for the citizens of the
and backed legislative measures to country and, unquestionably, it has
loosen land protections, emboldening the legislative competence to do so.
land grabbers. This week at a
conference in the United Arab Which among the following is the
Emirates to attract investment, he most logical and rational inference
told the crowd that attacks on Brazil from the above passage?
for deforestation are unfair and that (a) National integration cannot be
most of the Amazon remains pristine. achieved until there is a common civil
With reference to the above passage, code
Mr. Bolsonaro most likely to be a/an: (b) Only the State has the legislative
(a) Environmental activist competence to secure a uniform civil
code for the citizens of the country.
(b) Judge of a higher level court
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) The uniform civil code is the With the reference of the above
modern version of common civil code passage, following assumptions have
been made
(d) A Common civil code will unite the
people of India 1. Chennai Model of low-income
housing should be implemented in all
over the country
Passage - 3
2. Land acquisition is a very complex
Chennai has a history of process specially in informal
implementing innovative and settlements
inclusionary models of slum
Which of the above statement is
clearance. Tamil Nadu historically led
correct?
the country in providing large-scale
low-income housing through land A) 1 Only
acquisition or by regularising and
B) 2 Only
upgrading informal settlements. The
sites and services projects of the C) 1 and 2 Both
1980s, which produced around
D) None of these
57,000 plots in Chennai, proved
scaleable, cost-effective, and
successful in facilitating socio-
Passage - 4
economic mobility for their residents
over the long term. The projects built The question of equity crystallised
mixed-class and mixed-use around a specific high profile clause
neighbourhoods by providing plots of calling for the ‘phase down of
varying sizes for different income unabated coal power and phase out
groups on State-acquired land, and of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies’.
incorporating industrial and India ended up at the centre of this
commercial spaces within the sites. particular storm, because it was the
Indian Minister who read out an
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

amendment modifying ‘phase-out’ to Evidence shows that in developing

‘phase-down’ for coal, among other countries such as India, with a
changes, although the language gargantuan informal sector,
originated from the U.S.-China contributory health insurance is not
statement. India’s real concerns the best way forward and can be
included not precluding subsidies for replete with problems. But even
social purposes, such as for cooking when we look at international
gas; querying whether from an equity precedents of contributory social
point of view, all countries should be health insurance models, some very
asked to limit coal use at the same important traits stand out, for
time; and noting the lack of mention example, significant levels of
of oil and gas. government subsidy to schemes; not-
for-profit mode of operation; and
Which among the following is the
some important guarantees for
most logical assumption to the above
health.
passage?
Which of the following is central idea
(a) Phasing down of coal power is
of the passage?
effective to deal with climate change
than phasing out of it (a) India should not have health
insurance for its people
(b) India is equating the removal of
oil and gas with the removal of coal in (b) Informal sector is a major
the ecosystem hindrance for developing
contributory health insurance in India
(c) Both of them
(c) Universal health coverage is a
(d) Neither of them
impossible task to achieve

(d) None of the above

Passage - 5

Passage - 6
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Besides the United States, the other 2. Vulnerability in supply chain of oil
29 member countries in the pushes the idea of SPR.
International Energy Agency (IEA),
Which among the following is
including the United Kingdom,
correct?
Germany, Japan and Australia, are
required to hold oil in emergency A) 1 Only
reserves equivalent to 90 days of net
B) 2 Only
oil imports. Japan has one of the
largest reserves after China and the C) 1 and 2 Both
United States. China, an associate
D) None of these
member of the IEA and the world’s
second-leading oil consumer, created
its SPR 15 years ago and held its first
Passage - 7
oil reserve auction in September.
Another IEA associate member, India, In August this year, the
the third-biggest oil importer and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
consumer, also maintains a reserve . Change(IPCC) released the first
Overall, OECD governments held contribution to the Sixth Assessment
more than 1.5 billion barrels of crude Report on Climate Change. The
as of September, according to the assessment which focused on the
IEA. That is about 15 days of global physical impacts of climate change,
demand prior to the pandemic. was sobering. To quote: It is
unequivocal that human influence
Q. With the reference of the above
has warmed the atmosphere, ocean
passage, following assumptions have
and land. Widespread and rapid
been made
changes in the atmosphere, ocean,
1. IEA members needs to maintain cryosphere and biosphere have
SPR( strategic petroleum reserve) occurred. Add to this these key
mandatorily. observations and projections: Since
the late 1800s, the Earth’s
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

temperature has risen roughly one from COVID-19 (hospitalisation in

degree, and since 1970, global intensive care units, mechanical
warming has rapidly increased, as ventilation, and in worst-case
surface temperatures has risen faster scenarios, death). Obese children are
than any other 50-year period over three times more at risk of requiring
the past 2000 years. hospitalisation after contracting
COVID-19 than their peers who are
Q. Which among the following is the
not obese. Obesity also
most logical and rational inference?
disproportionately affects ethnic and
A) IPCC reports are to divert the racial minority groups, as well as the
attention of general public towards poor – the same groups that are
Climate degradation. already facing increased risks from
COVID-19.
B) Earth's temperature started to rise
after 1800s only. Q. With the reference of the above
passage, following assumptions have
C) Human influence cause
been made
widespread changes in the
assessment of climate change. 1. Covid-19 along with Obesity made
minorities and poor more vulnerable.
D) Human influence is on increase
since 1970 which made the surface 2. Obese people in America faces the
temperature to rise faster. . worst of COVID-19 due to high
proportion of unhealthy lifestyle.
Passage - 8
Which among the following is correct
A major factor that left Americans
disproportionately vulnerable to A) 1 Only
COVID-19 is the high prevalence of
B) 2 Only
obesity in the country. Having obesity
puts people at risk for many other C) 1 and Both
serious chronic diseases and
D) None of these
increases the risk of severe illness
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 10

Passage - 9 Disruption of traditional institutions,

identifications and loyalties is likely to
Almost 19 percent of the power [in
lead to ambivalent situations. It is
the United States] right now is
possible that some groups whereas
produced by nuclear power. That’s
others alogn themselves with new
carbon free. That’s really helpful. We
groups and symbols emergent from
don’t want to shut that off right now.
processes of political development. In
But I live in a pragmatic, realistic
addition, political development tends
world. And I don’t think, at least in
to foster group awareness of a
the next 10 or 20 years, that nuclear
variety of class, tribe, region, clan,
power will be able to have a big
language, religion, occupation and
impact on reducing carbon emissions
others.
because we can’t build new plants
fast enough. Q. Which one of the following is the
best explanation of the above
Q. What is the key idea of the
passage?.
passage?
A) Political development is not
A) Nuclear power will play a major
unilinear process involves both
role in reducing carbon emission in
growth and decay.
near future.
B) Traditional societies succeed in
B) Nuclear power is completely
resisting positive aspects of political
carbon free.
development.
C) We should build New Power plants
C) It is impossible for traditional
fast enough to reduce carbon
societies to break away from
emission.
lingering loyalties.
D) United State needs to do more
D) Sustenance of traditional loyalties
apart from building more nuclear
is conducive to political development.
plants.
VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions First statement is incorrect because

there is no such comparison in the
1. (c)
passage.
Answer is C
Second statement is correct. It can be
The terms like 'administration' and assumed from the last lines of the
'promises' signify that he is likely to passage "India’s real concerns
be a senior politician. included not precluding subsidies for
social purposes, such as for cooking
2 (d)
gas; querying whether from an equity
Answer is D point of view, all countries should be
asked to limit coal use at the same
First and second statements are
time; and noting the lack of mention
extreme statements, and therefore
of oil and gas." .
incorrect.
5. (d)
Third statement is clearly incorrect as
there is no comparison between Answer is D
them.
First and third statements are
3. (d) extreme statement and hence
incorrect.
Answer is D
Second statement seems to be
First statement is clearly incorrect as
correct but it's just a repetition of
there is no mention to implement
first few lines of the passage. It is not
Chennai model all over the country.
the central idea of the passage.
There is no indication regarding
6 (a)
complexity of land acquisition
process in the passage and hence it is Answer is Option A
incorrect
Statement 2 is no where discussed in
4. (b) the passage and it not mentioned as
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

why to countries need to hold

emergency reserves. So it is wrong to
assume it.

7 (d)

Answer is Option D

It is most logical and rational

inference that can be made from the
above passage as it in line with the
context of the passage.

8. (c)

Answer is Option C

Option C is the correct Option

9 (d)

Option D provides the right key idea

of the passage.

10 (a)

Answer is Option A

The statement that political

development is not unilinear process
it involves both growth and decay
best explains the passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. Roads constructed for pilgrim

Day - 17 tourists should be used for troupe
Directions for the following 10 (ten) and arms movement
items: 2. Petitioners were against the wide
Read the following passages and roads and they supported walking
answer the items that follow. Your footpaths
answers to these questions should be Which of the above assumptions
based on the passage only. is/are valid?
Passage - 1 (a) 1 only
The project began as a road (b) 2 only
connectivity project for pilgrim
tourists. Now the government argues (c) Both of them
that it is essential to back up troop (d) Neither of them
and arms movement towards the
India-China border. The case is in the
Supreme Court. The Attorney General Passage - 2
argues that wide roads are necessary
for the sake of national security in the Tunisia’s political order has lurched
Garhwal region. The petitioners, from crisis to crisis over the last few
residents of the valleys in the years due to the parlous state of the
Garhwal region, stress on the need economy and the mishandling of the
for a regulated and narrower novel coronavirus pandemic. The
intermediate road width with a pandemic has wreaked disaster in the
walking footpath. country — Tunisia, with a population
of 12 million, has experienced
On the basis of the above passage, 600,000 infections and 18,600
following assumptions have been deaths, giving it the dubious
made: distinction of having the highest
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

pandemic-related infections and first business models adopted by

deaths per capita in Africa. many start-ups has driven
expectations of investors, resulting in
Which of the following is the most
large-scale fund flows into new
crucial and logical inference that can
business ventures. Expectations are
be made from the above passage?
high as the country has around 640
(a) Mishandling of novel coronavirus million Internet users, of which 550
pandemic always results into parlous million are smartphone users. Digital
state of the economy payment has seen a growth of
30.19% as of March 31, 2021 and by
(b) Africa is at vulnerable to
the end of September 30, the unified
pandemic related infections than any
payments interface (UPI) registered
other continent
3.5 billion transactions amounting to
(c) Pandemics can disrupt the political ₹6.54 trillion.
order of a country
Which of the following is the most
(d) Tunisia's politicians are crucial and logical inference that can
indisciplined and uneducated be made from the above passage?

(a) India has the highest number of

smartphone users in the world
Passage - 3
(b) Investors are positive about the
There has been a unicorn gale in India
state of the economy of India
in recent years, covering diverse
sectors from fintech to cloud kitchen. (c) Large scale fund flows would
By the end of 2021, India is expected increase GDP of India
to have produced 40 more unicorns,
(d) Investors are optimistic of the
more than three a month on average.
thriving digital payment ecosystem in
An ecosystem which combines
India.
thriving digital payments, a growing
smartphone user base and digital-
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 4 Passage - 5

Stating that global security reasons, When evidence-based policymaking

border disputes and maritime becomes the cornerstone of good
dominance have forced countries to governance, it is difficult to overstate
move towards strengthening their the importance of reliable and timely
military power, Defence Minister public data. Such data have a direct
Rajnath Singh said on Sunday that bearing on the state’s capability to
some “irresponsible nations”, for design and implement programmes
narrow partisan interests, keep on effectively. Among the emerging
giving “new and inappropriate” economies, India is credited to have a
interpretations to international laws. relatively robust public data system
These are creating obstacles in the generated through its decennial
path of a “rule-based maritime Census and yearly sample surveys on
order” the Minister said. specific themes. The coverage and
reporting of Census data have vastly
Which of the following is the most
improved since independence.
logical corollary to the above
Though errors continue to be higher
passage?
than in high-income countries,
(a) India should terminate its Census data are recognised for their
diplomatic relations with its enemy reliability. Nevertheless, certain
countries disquieting trends are visible on this
front.
(b) Rule based maritime order is in
India's interests What is the central idea of the
passage?
(c) India can become a major arms
seller country in the future (a) India's reliable and timely public
data is an important aspect of good
(d) Global security is in the state of
governance
turmoil than ever before
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(b) Errors in in the census data are Q. What is the most logical, rational
taking a toll on the quality of and crucial message that is implied in
administration in India the above passage?

(c) Emerging markets like India have A) Under the present circumstances,
gained from data science and regular India should completely avoid all
serveys trade liberlisation policies and all
subsidies.
(d) Effective data protection law can
help India reap the benefits of B) Due to its peculiar socio-economic
emerging digital space situation, India is not yet ready for
trade liberalisation process.

C) There is no solution in sight for the

Passage - 6
problems of continuing poverty and
India has suffered from persistent inflation in India in near future.
high inflation. Increase in
D) Economic reforms can often create
administered prices, demand and
a high inflation..
supply imbalances, imported inflation
aggravated by rupee depreciation,
and speculation have combined to
Passage - 7
keep high inflation going. In there is
an element common to all of them, it Vast numbers of Indian citizens
is that many of them are the without bank accounts live in rural
outcomes of economic reforms. areas, are financially and functionally
India's vulnerability to the effects of illiterate, and have experience with
changes in international prices has technology. A research study was
increased with trade liberalisation. conducted in a particular area in
The effort to reduce subsidies has which electronic wage payments in
resulted in a continuous increase in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
the prices of commodities that are Employment Guarantee Scheme
administered. (MGNREGS) are meant to go directly
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

to the poor. It was observed that Oxygenated haemoglobin and

recipients often assume that village deoxygenated haemoglobin absorb
leader needs to mediate the process, red and infrared light differently.
as was the case under the previous Oxygenated haemoglobin absorbs
paper based system. Among more infrared light and allows more
households under this research study red light to pass through than
area who claimed to have least one deoxygenated haemoglobin. The
bank account, over a third reported amount of light that is transmitted is
still receiving MGNREGS wages in measured by the processor and the
cash directly from a village leader. device displays the oxygen saturation
or the percentage of oxygenated
Q. What is the most logical, rational
haemoglobin in your blood. A normal
and crucial message that is implied in
blood oxygen saturation rate is often
the above passage?
considered between 95 per cent and
A) MNREGS should be extended only 100 per cent.
tot hose who have a bank account.
Q With the reference of the above
B) The paper based system of passage, the following assumptions
payments is more efficient that have been made:
electronic payment in the present
1) The device that measures the
scenario.
oxygen saturation is accompanied
C) The goal of electronic wage with fault.
payments was not to eliminate
2) Absorption of red and infrared
mediation by village leaders.
light is the principle on which the
D) It is essential to provide financial devices work.
literacy to the rural poor. .
choose the correct option

A) 1 Only
Passage - 8
B) 2 Only
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) 1 and 2 Both C) Thanksgiving Day allowed families

and friends to share time with each
D) None of these
other.

D) None of the above.

Passage - 9

In Canada, Thanksgiving is celebrated

Passage - 10
on the second Monday in October. In
the United States, it is on the fourth The Geospatial Energy Map of India
Thursday in November. Although its launched by NITI Aayog recently in
origins are religious, today, collaboration with ISRO and
Thanksgiving is a largely secular Ministries of Power, Coal, Petroleum
holiday. For most Americans and and Renewable energy to present all
Canadians, it is a day for coming energy-related information in one
together with family and friends to web portal is a landmark in India’s
share a large meal. It is an occasion to energy sector. This web portal can
spend time with loved ones and facilitate more integrated planning
express gratitude for the year that and management that are key to
has passed. In many households prudent investment decisions in
there is a tradition of everyone India’s energy future. The geospatial
seated at the table sharing what they features of the map enable
are most grateful for. visualization, assessment, planning,
and policy decisions not only across
Q The author conveys the message :-
the diverse energy sector but also in
A) Thanksgiving has its roots from related sectors like transport,
religion but followed on secular lines. manufacturing, environment, health.

B) People of Canada and Americans Q. With the reference to the above

are grateful in nature. passage, which of the following is the
most valid assumption?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) Geospatial Energy sector need

reforms to utilize it properly.

B) Geospatial Energy Map ensure

better utilization through different
features.

C) Energy sector is running through a

crisis needs technological solution.

D) None of these
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Second statement is incorrect

because there is no mention of the
1. (d)
state of the economy of India. The
Answer is D passage focuses upon unicorns and
digital payment ecosystem
First statement is clearly incorrect as
there is no indication of it in the Third statement is incorrect because
passage. there is no mention of relation
between fund flows and GDP of the
Second statement is incorrect. Refer
country.
to these lines from the passage " The
petitioners, residents of the valleys in Fourth statement is correct and can
the Garhwal region, stress on the be inferred from these lines of the
need for a regulated and narrower passage "An ecosystem which
intermediate road width with a combines thriving digital payments, a
walking footpath." Petitioner argued growing smartphone user base and
for a walking footpath but they were digital-first business models adopted
not against the wide roads. by many start-ups has driven
expectations of investors, resulting in
2 (c)
large-scale fund flows into new
Answer is C business ventures."

Statement third is the most balanced 4. (b)

statement and can be inferred from
Answer is B
only one reading of the passage.
Statement second is the correct
3. (d)
answer. Refer to these lines of the
Answer is D passage "These are creating obstacles
in the path of a “rule-based maritime
First statement is an extreme
order” the Minister said."
statement and hence incorrect.
5. (a)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Answer is A 9 (a)

First statement is central idea of the Answer is Option A

passage
Option A reflects the central idea of
6 (d) the passage and rest all other
statements are about the things
Answer is D
which are done in context with the
The passage clearly talks about the Thanksgiving Day..
high inflation in India and its inability
10 (b)
to contain it due to the innumerable
external factors which are a result of Answer is Option B
the economic reforms.
Option B reflects are the main idea
7 (d) behind purpose of launching the
Geospatial Energy Map
Answer is Option D

It is correct as the opening sentence

clearly says that citizens living in rural
areas, are financially illiterate. So, it is
essential to provide financial literacy
to rural poor.

8. (d)

Answer is Option D

Statement 1 talks about the faulty

nature of devices which is no where
discussed and in statement 2 it is
being discussed about the principle of
working of the devices which has no
mention in the above passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

With reference to the above passage,

Day - 16 which of the following statements
Directions for the following 10 (ten) can be considered false?
items: 1) Only electric cars that do not
Read the following passages and depend on fossil fuels for their source
answer the items that follow. Your of energy can be considered as green
answers to these questions should be 2) To achieve the global climate
based on the passage only. target, overall driving of electric
Passage - 1 vehicles should be reduced

Media reports have questioned if Select the correct answer using the
electric cars are really "greener" once code given below.
emissions from manufacture and (a) 1 only
electricity generation are counted.
The research concludes that in most (b) 2 only
places electric cars produce fewer (c) Both 1 and 2
emissions overall - even if generation
still involves fossil fuels. (d) Neither 1 nor 2.

Other studies warn that driving

overall must be reduced to hit Passage - 2
climate targets. The new research
from the universities of Exeter, The man who is perpetually
Nijmegen - in The Netherlands - and hesitating which of the two things he
Cambridge shows that in 95% of the will do first, will do neither. The man
world, driving an electric car is better who resolves, but suffers his
for the climate than a petrol car. The resolution to be changed by the first
only exceptions are places like counter- suggestion of a friend-who
Poland, where electricity generation fluctuates from opinion to opinion
is still mostly based on coal. and veers from plan to plan-can
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

never accomplish anything. He will at last three decades, the extent of

best be stationary and probably summer ice has declined by about 30
retrograde in all. It is only the man per cent. The lengthening period of
who first consults wisely, then summer melt threatens to undermine
resolves firmly and then executes his the whole Arctic food web, atop
purpose with inflexible perseverance, which stand polar bears.
undismayed by those petty
Which among the following is the
difficulties which daunt a weaker
most crucial message conveyed by
spirit that can advance to eminence
the above passage?
in any line.
(a) Climate change has caused Arctic
Q. The keynote that seems to be
summer to be doul short but
emerging from the passage is that
temperature to be high.
(a) we should first consult wisely and
(b) Polar bears can be shifted to
then resolve firmly
South Pole to ensure their survival.
(b) we should reject suggestions of
(c) Without the presence of polar
friends and remain unchanged
bears, the food chains in Arctic region
(c) we should always remain broad- will disappear.
minded
(d) Climate change poses a threat to
(d) we should be resolute and the survival of polar bears.
achievement-oriented

Passage - 4
Passage - 3
In a democratic State, where a high
During the summer in the Arctic degree of political maturity of the
Ocean, sea ice has been melting people obtains, the conflict between
earlier and faster. and the Winter the will of the sovereign law- making
freeze has been coming later. In the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

body and the organized will of the shrink if per capita incomes in
people seldom occurs. agieulture are to go up substantially.
While industry is creating jobs, too
Q. What does the above passage
many such jobs are low-productivity
imply?
non-contractual jobs in the
(a) In a democracy, force is the main unorganized sector, offering low
phenomenon in the actual exercise of incomes, little protection, and no
sovereignty. benefits. Service jobs are relatively of
high productivity, but employment
(b) In a mature democracy, force to
growth in services has been slow in
great extent is the main phenomenon
recent years.
in the actual exercise of sovereignty.
Q. Which among the following is the
(c) In a mature democracy, use of
most logical and rational inference
force is irrelevant in the actual
that can be made from the above
exercise of sovereignty.
passage?
(d) In a mature democracy, force is
(a) We must create conditions for the
narrowed down to a marginal
faster growth of highly productive
phenomenon in the actual exercise of
service jobs to ensure employment
sovereignty.
growth and inclusion.

(b) We must shift the farm workers to

Passage - 5 the highly productive manufacturing
and service sectors to ensure the
Productive jobs are vital for growth
economic growth and inclusion.
and a good job is the best form of
inclusion. More than half of our (c) We must create conditions for the
population depends on agriculture, faster growth of productive jobs
but the experience of other countries outside of agriculture even while
suggests that the number of people improving the productivity of
dependent on agriculture will have to agriculture.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(d) We must emphasize the A) Conventional electricity grids

cultivation of high yielding hybrid consists of complex technology.
varieties and genetically modified
B) India's remote areas are not
crops to increase the per capita
accessible through existing grids.
income in agriculture.
C) Green energy technology lacks
Government support and effective
Passage - 6 policy.

Conventional electricity grids are D) Green energy capacity is on par in

difficult to extend to remote areas, India at all levels.
and hence alternative solutions can
be found in green energy technology.
To make the most of India’s green Passage - 7
energy potential for its Aspirational
National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
Districts, two complementary
recognizes Foundational Literacy &
interventions are imagined. The first
Numeracy or FLN (i.e., the ability to
is to boost the manufacture of green
read & write, and perform basic
energy technology through
numeric operations), as an
Production-Linked Incentives. This
indispensable prerequisite for all
will generate supply, increase exports
future schooling and lifelong learning.
of world-class green energy products,
Moreover, various governmental, as
and create employment. The second
well as non-governmental surveys,
is to install and commission small-
indicate that the country is currently
scale green energy capacity across
in a learning crisis with over 5 crore
the Aspirational Districts.
elementary grade students lacking
Q. Which among the following is the foundational literacy and numeracy.
best assumption that can be made As students progress grades with
from the above passage? weak foundational skills, learning
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

gaps only widen with each passing 6.0%. However, the pace of recovery
year. is diverging across countries,
reflecting variations in pandemic-
Q. On the basis of the above passage,
induced disruptions and the extent of
following assumptions have been
policy support.
made
Q. On the basis of the above passage,
1. Previous Education policy failed to
following assumptions have been
address the learning crisis.
made
2. Foundational Literacy and
1. In 2021, Global economy is on the
Numeracy plays a vital role in
path of historic recovery due to
subsequent years of students.
strong foundations.
choose the correct option
2. Global economies are performing
A) 1 Only in a similar way due to spread of
covid-19 across the globe.
B) 2 Only
choose the correct option
C) 1 and 2 Both
A) 1 Only
D) None of these .
B) 2 Only
Passage - 8
C) 1 and 2 Both
According to the World Bank, the
global economy is on a path of robust D) None of these
recovery, with a projected growth of
5.6% in 2021—the strongest post-
recession pace in 80 years. The real Passage - 9
GDP of advanced economies is
India has made impressive progress
projected to expand by 5.4% whereas
in reducing stunting and anemia
emerging markets and developing
among children over the last decade.
economies are expected to grow by
However, anemia still impacts more
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

than one in two children and women. Passage - 10

The WHO has declared anemia
general, religious traditions stress our
among women and children as a
duty to god, or to some universal
“severe” public health problem,
ethical principle. Our duties to one
demanding immediate attention.
another derive from these. The
Further, recent statistics indicate rise
religious concept of rights is primarily
in anaemia levels amongst among
derived from our relationship to this
women and children in 16 and 18 of
divinity or principle and the
22 States/UTs respectively (NFHS-5).
implication it has on our other
Iron deficiency-anemia is the biggest
relationships. This correspondence
cause of disability for the past 10
between rights and duties is critical
years and contributed 20 per cent
to any further understanding of
direct and 50 per cent associated
justice. But, for justice to be
maternal deaths in India. Its
practiced; viture, rights and duties
economic burden is equivalent to
cannot remain formal abstractions.
about 4 per cent of GDP.
They must be grounded in a
Q. Which among the following is the community (common unity) bound
most rational inference according together by a sense of common union
with the above passage? (communion). Even as a personal
virtue, this solidarity is essential to
A) Government hasn't done enough
the practice and understanding of
to tackle the deficiency of Iron.
justice.
B) Policies are ineffective to address
Which one of the following is the crux
the anemia in India.
of this passage?
C) More corrective measures are
(a) Our duties to one another are
required immediately to check the
derived from our religious traditions
rise in Anemia in India.
(b) Having relationship to the divine
D) None of these .
principle is a great virtue
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) Balance between rights and duties

is crucial to the delivery of justice in a
society

(d) Religious concept of rights is

primarily from our relationship to god
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions The essence of the passage is that

one should first consult wisely and
1. (c)
then resolve firmly
Statement 1 is false.
3. (d)
Refer to these lines, " The research
Answer is D
concludes that in most places electric
cars produce fewer emissions overall 'Climate change causes a threat to
- even if generation still involves fossil the survival of polar bears' is the
fuels." most crucial message conveyed by
the passage
The statement contradicts the
research as electric cars still have 4. (d)
lower emissions than other cars even
The passage denotes that in a mature
if they depend on fossil fuels for
democracy, force is narrowed down
power generation.
to a marginal phenomenon in the
Hence it is a correct choice. actual exercise of sovereignty

Statement 2 is false. 5. (c)

Refer to this line, "Other studies warn It is the most logical and rational
that driving overall must be reduced inference made from the passage
to hit climate targets."
6 (c)
The studies show that overall driving
Answer is Option C
of cars should be reduced, not just
electric cars alone. The two complementary
interventions talks about the push in
Hence it is a correct choice.
green technology through
2 (a) manufacturing boost and installing
small scale green energy capacity
which is a part of policy making.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

hence Option C is the correct answer.

.

7 (c)

Answer is Option C

It is evident from the reading that

both the assumptions are valid to be
made, hence Option C is the correct
answer.

8. (d)

Answer is Option D

Statement 2 is not correct as the

world is not performing equally and
there is nowhere discussion on covid-
19

similarly statement 1 is also not

inclined with the context of the
above passage.

9 (c)

Option C is the most rational

inference that can be made according
with the above passage. 10 (c)

Fundamental rights combined with

duties are mandatory for dispensing
justice in a society
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) a interview given by a cabinet

Day - 18 minister
Directions for the following 10 (ten) (d) a judgement given by a judge of
items: the supreme court
Read the following passages and
answer the items that follow. Your
answers to these questions should be Passage - 2
based on the passage only. The problem, as Gandhiji had also
Passage - 1 observed, is really western
civilisation; it also accounts for the
“It is unfortunate to note that there spate of criticism of India’s open
have been repeated attempts to challenge in the plenary, and getting
deliberately bring bilateral issues into global agreement on a “just”
SCO. This violates the well- transition to phase down, and not
established principles and norms of phase out, coal. The subject of oil was
SCO Charter. Such acts are not touched, even as automobile
counterproductive to the spirit of emissions are the fastest growing
consensus and cooperation that emissions, because it is a defining
define this organisation and should feature of western civilisation. Coal is
be condemned,” he said. the most abundant energy source,
This passage seems to be an excerpt essential for base load in
from: electrification, and the production of
steel and cement. Its use declines
(a) A speech given by the district after the saturation level of
magistrate infrastructure is reached. The irony of
(b) A advisory issued by the Central the host country pushing other
Bureau of Investigation (CBI) nations to stop using coal — an
energy resource which powered its
own Industrial Revolution — was not
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

lost on the poor countries who called provide an essential service. A

out “carbon colonialism”. That India dominant telco can hinder
and China working together forced competition in a downstream market
the G7 to make a retraction has by a vertical merger with content and
signalled the coming of a world order application providers. Net neutrality
in which the G7 no longer sets the regulation that prohibits
rules. discriminatory treatment of Internet
companies — either with respect to
With the reference of the above
pricing or traffic management — in a
passage, following assumptions have
sense eliminates any incentive for
been made?
vertical integration. Net neutrality
1. G7 is the main culprit behind the regulation can also be explained as a
rising greenhouse gas emissions way of preventing telcos from
extracting all their revenues from
2. India and China are proactively
Internet companies. This possibility
setting the rules for the world
arises because such firms have no
Choose the correct option choice but to make themselves
available via all telecom service
A) 1 Only
providers. On the other hand,
B) 2 Only subscribers restrict themselves to
one service provider.
C) 1 and 2 Both
With the reference of the above
D) None of these
passage, which among the following
is the most rational , logical and valid
assumption?
Passage - 3
(a) There is an element of
When net neutrality was
competition between telcos and
conceptualised in the early 2000s, it
Internet companies in the context of
was meant to stem the significant
overlapping services
market power of telcos, which
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(b) Net neutrality principles need to (b) People no longer have believe in
be applied to Internet companies as volatile cryptocurrencies
well.
(c) More crypto exchanges should be
(c) Without search neutrality, search established to handle the high
results may be manipulated to favour volume of transactions
certain firms.
(d) Cryptocurrency traders are
(d) Both (a) and (c) concerned about the capacity of
exchanges to handle the transactions

Passage - 4
Passage - 5
Several exchanges were facing
deposit and withdrawal challenges Moreover, the usurious taxation
due to the high volume of selling, said policy of the Government, which
cryptocurrency traders. WazirX, one insists on maintaining indirect taxes
of India’s largest cryptocurrency on fuel and consumer products while
exchanges, said earlier on its Twitter lowering corporate taxes, paints a
account that it was investigating picture explaining these figures. The
reports that users were facing delays Government had recently raised
on its app and website. It later said taxes on textile products from 5% to
the issue had been resolved. 12%. While inflation soars, the
incomes of the middle and lower-
Which of the following is the most
middle-class have at best remained
logical inference to the above
constant. There is tremendous
passage?
pressure on the financial stability of
(a) Crypto exchanges have failed to these households, which seemingly
serve the purpose of blockchain face a sustained loss in disposable
Technology income. Besides, the figures
representing those who are
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

employed only partially explain this the Covid pandemic. However, data
phenomenon. from the fourth round of the National
Family Health Survey (NFHS4) in
What is the most logical, rational and
2015-16 shows that even before
crucial message that is implied in the
Covid, one in four girls in India was
above passage?
being married before 18. Around 8
(a) Two-wheelers represent the per cent of women aged 15-19 years
economic situation of the lower and were mothers or pregnant at the
middle-class groups and India’s small time of the survey. The first phase
businesses. findings of NFHS5 (2019-20) show
that the needle has not moved
(b) Many of those who lost their jobs
substantially on ending child
during this period are likely
marriage.
economically insecure and abstain
from non-essential purchases. Q. With the reference of the above
passage, which among the following
(c) Government should increase
is the most rational , logical and valid
progressive (direct) taxes and reduce
assumption?
regressive (indirect) taxes to ease the
financial pressure on lower-income A) Government efforts in ending child
households. marriage failed to address the core of
the issue.
(d) The disproportional benefit of the
asset price inflation favouring the B) Situation of Child marriage is
upper-middle-class displays the worsening or not improving
inherent K-shape of the recovery. significantly despite government
efforts.

C) Lack of awareness and poor

Passage - 6
financial conditions are responsible
Reports suggest that more child for child marriages.
marriages have been noticed during
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) Present efforts by the government 2. Coordination is needed from the

are much less in comparison with the entire world to mitigate the risk
scale of the issue.. related to these digital assets.

Choose the correct option

Passage - 7 A) 1 Only

The stance of countries and B) 2 Only

regulators has ranged from a total
C) 1 and 2 Both
ban on cryptocurrencies or financial
assets, to allowing them to operate D) None of these.
with some regulations, to the other
extreme of allowing virtual currency
trading in the absence of any Passage - 8
guidelines. Governments and
"According to the data in the National
regulators remain divided on how to
Cancer Registry, the caseload in India
categorise it as a currency or asset —
has increased from 11.5 lakhs in 2019
and how to control it from an
to 13.9 lakhs in 2020. This means that
operational point of view. The
there has been a 21 per cent rise in
evolution of the policy and regulatory
just one year. These numbers are
response has been
expected to rise. This should give you
uncharacteristically discordant, with
reason enough to consider a cancer
no apparent coordination in the
insurance policy before you are
responses of countries.
diagnosed with it."
Q. With the reference of the above
Q. This passage seems to be an
passage, following assumptions have
excerpt from
been made
A) A policy agent selling his policy
1. It is not easy for the regulators to
come to a consensus due to volatile B) Health advisory issued by the
nature of cryptos. Health ministry.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) A brand promoting its new cancer B) Sustained family planning

policy programmes in India have started to
bear the positive results.
D) a report by the journalist
C) Contribution of Females in
Passage - 9
reducing TFR is more than the men.
COMING ON the back of a sustained
D) None of the above
family planning programme spanning
decades, the Total Fertility Rate
(TFR), or the average number of
Passage - 10
children per woman, has declined
further from 2.2 reported in 2015-16 Hydrological experts from India’s
to 2.0 at the all-India level, according Central Water Commission and
to the latest National Family Health scientists from Nepal, Bangladesh,
Survey (NFHS) released by the Union Bhutan and China (a part of the GBM
Health Ministry Wednesday. river basin system) are attending the
According to the United Nations’ meeting. One of the key aims is
population division, countries developing a hydrological SOS system
experiencing below-replacement — one that will share data on
fertility — lower than 2.1 children per reservoirs, rivers, and dam waters
woman — indicates that a generation round the year — to help mitigate
is not producing enough children to floods, droughts, mudslides, and
replace itself, eventually leading to an accelerated erosion. This is important
outright reduction in population because the areas that fall under the
GBM system are flood-prone. Its
Q. Which among the following is the
fragile ecology, varied terrain, and
most critical inference that can be
socio-economic-political situation
made from the above passage?
add to the natural challenges.
A) India is going to face population
threat in the coming year due to TFR
rate below replacement level.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

With the reference to the above

passage, following assumptions have
been made

1. Natural challenges and their

solutions are some where subjected
to the cordial relations between the
states.

2. Hydrological SOS system is

important for the nations having
shared water resources.

Choose the correct Option

A) 1 Only

B) 2 Only

C) 1 and 2 Both

D) None of these
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions  An inference can never be a

direct line from the given
1. (c)
passage. It should rather follow
Answer is C from the given
facts/statements.
Phrases like "Bilateral" and "SCO"
 An inference is not a
points out that the statement is given
restatement of any of the
by a minister.
information/statements. E.g. if
2 (d) the statement is: ‘Meera is
happy’, the inference cannot
Answer is d
be: ‘Meera is not sad’.
Both the statements are incorrect.  Extreme answer choices should
not be chosen.
3. (d)
 The selected answer should lie
Answer is D within the scope of the
passage. You should not
This passage seems very hard to
assume anything unrelated to
understand but if you read it two
the given statements.
times, you will definitely find out the
 An inference is drawn with
correct answer. In exam, if you are
respect to
still not able to find the correct
reader/observer/listener.
answer after spending the required
time, then leave the question and 5. (c)
move ahead.
This is a tricky question. But you can
4. (d) eliminate first two options easily as
they are not directly associated with
Answer is D
the passage.
If you follow these rules you can
Fourth statement is not correct
easily mark the correct answers in
because it sums up the passage.
questions of inference:
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Third statement is correct because it 9 (d)

is a crucial "message" conveyed by
Answer is Option D
the passage.
All the statements above cannot be a
6 (d)
inference as the passage is discussing
Answer is Option D a report and the data of the report
but it is not mentioned as what are
Both the statements are on the
the implications or reasons behind
subjects which are either irrelevant
the data of the report. Hence Option
or not discussed . So neither of the
D is the right answer..
statement is correct
10 (c)
7 (d)
Option C
Answer is Option D
Both the statements are correct and
Both the statements are on the
valid to be assumed in the context
subjects which are either irrelevant
with the above passage
or not discussed . So neither of the
statement is correct.

8. (d)

Answer is Option D

In this type of question it is important

to read between the lines. In starting
it is discussed the present situation of
cancer than advises to be prepare
with the cancer policy. So it seems
like a journalist is presenting a report
on the increment in the cases cancer
and how we can make ourselves safe.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the

Day - 19 most logical assumption that can be
Directions for the following 10 (ten) made from the above passage
items: (a) There is much room for
Read the following passages and improvement in India
answer the items that follow. Your (b) India is facing lack of adequate
answers to these questions should be available renewable energy options.
based on the passage only.
(c) India needs to bring down the cost
Passage - 1 of renewable energy to make it more
India has been a promoter of green affordable
energy to reduce carbon emission. (d) The Indian government has been
Although the country is yet to promoting green energy to abide by
significantly transit to renewable its COP21 climate commitments
energy, accounting only 22.5% of
nationwide electricity production,
India has been leading the global Passage - 2
movement towards solar power. The
country cofounded the International India’s decision to join the OECD/G20
Solar Alliance (ISA) along with France Inclusive Framework on adopting a
– an alliance with more than 120 common multilateral approach to
countries to promote solar energy. To taxation has helped engender a
strengthen India’s stand for solution to one of the roadblocks: the
renewable energy like solar energy, government’s decision to transition
India has signed to the Glasgow the equalisation levy it imposed on e-
Breakthrough Agenda in this year’s commerce transactions over time
COP26 along with over 35 other gives the U.S. side room to withdraw
nations to promote clean energy and or substantially lower some of the
make it more affordable. tariffs it had raised as a response. The
ministerial-level talks also led to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

some decisions to ease access for Passage - 3

some select agricultural products
The All India Kisan Sabha, for
from both sides. Separately, India has
instance, says most of the cost should
adopted the Trade Margin
be borne by private traders, noting
Rationalization approach to price
that both middlemen and corporate
regulation on certain medical device
giants are buying commodities at low
products as a means to protect both
rates from farmers and slapping on a
consumer and supplier interests, and
huge mark-up before selling to end
this has been acknowledged by
consumers. The Left-affiliated farm
Washington.
union has suggested a law which
Which among the following is the simply stipulates that no one —
most logical and critical inference neither the Government nor private
that can be made from the passage? players — will be allowed to buy
produce from the farmer at a rate
(a) Two sides now have a mechanism
lower than MSP.
to come to grips with their
differences With the reference of the above
passage, the following assumptions
(b) The significant roadblock has been
have been made :
the size of the trade deficit that the
U.S. faces in its trade relationship 1. If private buyers fail to purchase
with India their crops, the Government must be
prepared to buy out the entire
(c) U.S. will terminate measures
surplus at MSP rates
adopted in response to the Indian
equalisation levy 2. All farmers groups seeking a legal
backing for MSP also want it
(d) An area where the differences
extended to fruit and vegetable
have appeared most intractable and
farmers who have been excluded
abiding over time is agriculture
from benefits so far

Choose the correct option

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) 1 only France has emerged as one of India’s

top strategic partners.
(b) 2 only
Which among the following is the
(c) Both of them
most critical inference that can be
(d) Neither of them made from the above passage?

(a) The exercise provided opportunity

to both the contingents to train in
Passage - 4
Counter Terrorism operations in joint
The exercise was conducted in two environment under United Nations
phases involving combat conditioning charter
and tactical training of
(b) Exercise saw the two sides
counterterrorism operations,
exhibiting their combat power
culminating with validation of
training in semi-urban environment. (c) This exercise will help to achieve
Stating that both the contingents the objective of terrorism-free world
shared their best operational
(d) This edition of the exercise was
practices and experiences, the
hosted by France
statement said troops of both the
Armies developed bonhomie by not
only involving in tactical exercises but
Passage - 5
also rubbing shoulders in sports and
cultural activities. “The exercise has Kurien had a deep distrust of India’s
certainly added another dimension to bureaucracy. He saw it as a leftover
ever-enhancing military diplomacy of the colonial mindset and the
between both the participating product of a western lifestyle.
countries,” the Army added. India Equally, he had reservations about
and France have steadily deepened the social objectives of the private
their defence cooperation, and sector. Much of the corporate sector,
he felt, was led more by a profit
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

motive than by public good. Kurien’s victims of modern slavery, and of

fascination for the co-operative these, 15 million are in forced
model was also influenced by marriage. Slavery involves violence,
Gandhian thinking on poverty physical or psychological, and control
alleviation and social transformation. – often in the form of threats in order
He viewed co-operatives as the to generate profit. To quote Kevin
closest embodiment of Mahatma Bales, 'Slavery is when one person
Gandhi’s powerful insight that “what controls another, uses violence to
the world needs is not mass maintain that control and exploits
production, but production by the them economically.' This violence
masses”. may be physical and/or psychological,
and the control may be verbal threats
What is central idea of the passage?
– but at the heart of slavery is
(a) India’s digital revolution has exploitation and 'ownership' of
bypassed the agriculture sector. another human being for profit.
Forms of modern slavery include
(b) Central to Kurien’s vision was the
forced labour, human trafficking,
co-operative model of business
commercial sexual exploitation,
development
domestic servitude and forced
(c) Kurien model has become a marriage.
catalyst for similar movements across
Q. With the reference of the above
other agricultural commodities
passage, the following assumptions
(d) The cooperative movement in have been made
India is in a state of flux
1.Slavery is constantly being a threat
to the humankind.

Passage - 6 2. Slavery has it different forms that

still persists as the use of human for
According to the Global Slavery Index
profit has not end.
2018, over 40 million people are
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Choose the correct option C) Cautious spending

A) 1 Only D) None of these

B) 2 Only

C) 1 and 2 Both Passage - 8

D) None of these The United Kingdom and wealthy

European nations are in a panic.
Unsurprisingly, hoarding huge swaths
Passage - 7 of the global vaccine supply has
enabled the emergence of dangerous
As well as spending less and not
new variants of COVID-19. And once
buying unnecessary items, Buy
again, rich countries are punishing
Nothing Day aims to raise awareness
the victims of global vaccine
of how to be a more ethical
inequality by slamming shut the
consumer. For example, you can
borders to anyone from southern
avoid buying ‘fast fashion’, that is,
African nations.
very cheap clothes that are worn a
few times before being thrown away. Q. Which among the following is the
Or you could decide not to most logical and critical inference
automatically upgrade your mobile at that can be made from the passage
the end of a contract. These kinds of
A) Hoarding of vaccines by rich
decisions can help to protect the
countries led the virus to mutate in
environment as well as saving you
other regions.
money.
B) Vaccine inequality has been
Q. The authors conveys the message
created intentionally by the rich
of
countries.
A) Economical spending

B) Ethical spending
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) Supply of vaccines around the Q. On the basis of the above passage,

world is plagued by the unregulated following assumptions have been
supply chains. made

D) None of these 1. Trade is the one aspect that can

foster the relations between India-
Pakistan,
Passage - 9
2. Terror attacks between any two
The two sides should capitalise on states always leads to freezing of
the moment and try normalising their relations
imperilled trade relations. After the
Choose the correct option
Pulwama terror attack, bilateral trade
between the two countries A) 1 Only
plummeted from around $2 billion in
B) 2 Only
2017-18 to a paltry $280 million in
2020-21 (April to February). From the C) 1 and 2 Both
Indian standpoint, as a Centre for
D) None of these
Policy Research report argues, a
continuing freeze in relations with Passage - 10
Pakistan will “enhance India’s
To protect birds from collisions with
external vulnerability to other actors,
aircraft—and vice versa—
in particular, China”. “Since India-
Amsterdam's airport has signed up a
Pakistan relations will remain
herd of pigs. Positioned between two
adversarial for the foreseeable
runways in a sugar beet field, the
future, its effective management
animals were released to eat up the
should be the main objective”, which
remnants of crops and keep birds at
in turn requires, among other things,
bay. And the experiment seems to be
fostering economic and trade
paying off. When flying in or out of
relations.
Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, take a
look out of the airplane window and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

you might see pigs strolling quietly

between the runways. The Dutch
capital's airport is surrounded by
sugar beet fields, which, for years,
have proved a magnet for birds,
especially geese.

Q. Which among the following is the

most logical assumption that can be
made from the above passage

A) Airport at Amsterdam witnessed

many incidents of bird strikes.

B) Pigs are used worldwide to protect

aircrafts from bird strike.

C) Sugar beet fields proved to be

problematic for the airport authority
due to its magnetic nature for birds.

D) Pigs and birds specially geese keep

vengeance for each other.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Answer is B

1. (a) Refer to these lines of the passage "

The exercise was conducted in two
Answer is A
phases involving combat conditioning
Refer to these lines of the passage and tactical training of
"Although the country is yet to counterterrorism operations,
significantly transit to renewable culminating with validation of
energy, accounting only 22.5% of training in semi-urban environment."
nationwide electricity production,
5. (b)
India has been leading the global
movement towards solar power.". Answer is B

2 (c) First statement is incorrect because

there is no mention of digital
Answer is C
revolution in the passage.
Refer to these lines of the passage
Third statement is incorrect as the
"the government’s decision to
passage does not talk about the
transition the equalisation levy it
overall success of Kurien model. It
imposed on e-commerce transactions
only describes the model.
over time gives the U.S. side room to
withdraw or substantially lower some Forth statement is incorrect because
of the tariffs it had raised as a there is no indication of present
response" condition of cooperative Movement
in India..
3. (d)
6 (b)
Answer is D
Answer is Option B
Both the statements are nowhere
indicated in the passage. Statement 1 is irrelevant to the
passage as there is no mention of the
4. (b)
threats to the humankid.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

7 (b)

Answer is Option B

If you read the passage carefully you

will be easily able to find the key idea
of the passage. Hence Option B is the
correct answer.

8. (a)

Answer is Option A

Option A is the most logical and

critical inference that can be made
from the passage as all other options
are not in the context with the
passage

9(a)

Answer is Option A

As the second statement is extremist

in nature and not also discussed in
the passage so it can't be assumed.

10 (c)

Answer is Option C

it is evident from the reading of the

passage that Option C suits the
context of the passage. Hence is the
correct answer.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) Peace and Development are in

Day - 20 vulnerable state due to rise in
Directions for the following 10 (ten) conflicts.
items: C) World demands extensive
Read the following passages and cohesion in order to secure stakes of
answer the items that follow. Your poor people.
answers to these questions should be D) None of these
based on the passage only.

Passage - 1
Passage - 2
Signs of failure to pull together, as
societies and as a global community, India is the fifth largest car market in
are hard to miss—from the growing the world and has the potential to
number of armed conflicts and become one of the top three in the
shrinking number of peace near future — with about 40 crore
operations, to the crisis in arms customers in need of mobility
control, to the toxic trade war solutions by the year 2030. That is
between the United States and China one side of the coin. The other side is
and the seemingly relentless that the country needs a
accumulation of wealth by the transportation revolution. The
world’s richest, even as economic current trajectory of adding ever
shocks have blighted the lives of more cars running on expensive
ordinary people since 2007. imported fuel and cluttering up
already overcrowded cities suffering
Q. Which among the following is the from infrastructure bottlenecks and
key idea of the passage? intense air pollution is unfeasible.
A) Breakdown of cooperation pose a India’s cities will choke.
threat to the world peace.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q. Which among the following is the eastern states, particularly Bihar,

most rational and logical inference of Uttar Pradesh and Odisha.
the above passage?
Q. With the reference to the above
A) India needs a transportation passage, following assumptions have
revolution to support its 40 crore been made
consumer base.
1. Southern states lack skilled
B) Currently India's transportation workforce which hampers their
system pose a threat to the economy production capacity.
as well as development of the
2. Northern and Eastern states
country.
consist of surplus younger workforce
C) Indian cities need an overhaul to
Choose the correct option
support the transport fleet.
A) 1 Only
D) None of the above
B) 2 Only

C) 1 and 2 Both.
Passage - 3
D) None of these
With a paucity of data on migration,
it is not easy to estimate the
dependence on migrant workers, but
Passage - 4
the Covid crisis and mass return
migration of interstate workers The main problem of regular or fiat
suggest that many industries such as currency is that one can print as
auto parts manufacturing and much of it as is required. Some
construction in southern states rely people have already sounded the
on semi-skilled migrants, often alarm about an upcoming debt crisis
transported under contractual because of easy money that was
arrangements, from northern and printed to support economies during
the Covid-19 lockdowns.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Cryptocurrencies, however, can more focus. Despite economic

escape this problem of supply. Most, upliftment initiatives such as Skill
in fact, have a fixed amount of coins India Mission, Beti Bachao Beti
that will ever exist. Bitcoin, for Padhao, and others, there’s still a lot
example, can have a maximum 21 to be desired in the improvement of
million coins in existence and no formal education for rural Indian
more. women. They also need more
opportunities to work outside the
Q. In the above passage the author
home and have wages and treatment
argues that
on par with men.
A) Cryptocurrencies are more reliable
Q. With the reference of the above
than fiat currencies.
passage, following assumptions have
B) Fiat currencies are vulnerable to been made
various crisis.
1. Holistic development is subjected
C) Cryptocurrencies are limited in to the inclusion and participation of
supply and they provide more the society.
stability to currency system.
2. Education plays an important role
D) A comparison between in the upliftment of economic
cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies conditions of women.

choose the correct option

Passage - 5 A) 1 Only

For developing and developed B) 2 Only

countries, empowering rural women
C) 1 and 2 Both
is a precursor for achieving holistic
development. While the nation has D) None of these
made positive strides in the
corporate world, rural women need
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 6 Passage - 7

Often encyclopedia definitions of The term think tank was first used in
"political legitimacy" will specify that military jargon during World War II to
a set of laws, regime, or constitution describe a safe place where plans and
must be popularly recognized or strategies could be discussed, but its
accepted to be politically legitimate. meaning began to change during the
But such a notion is problematic in 1960s when it came to be used in the
several ways. As you may know, there United States to describe private
was a well-known debate in the nonprofit policy research
1960s between revolutionary political organizations. It has been proposed
thinker C. Wright Mills and liberal that the first think tank was the
political thinker Robert A. Dahl over socialist Fabian Society, founded in
issue of political legitimacy in the Great Britain in the late 19th century,
United States. Mills argued that the which sought to influence the
United States government was under country’s public policy. For many
the control of a tiny elite and that its years, the majority of scholars
popular mandate with the people studying think tanks considered them
was engineered through propaganda a uniquely American phenomenon
and manipulation. that boomed in the United States
because of the perceived
Q. The core idea of the passage is
exceptionality of its political system
A) To Define Political legitimacy and its rich tradition of private rather
than public funding, which benefited
B) To discuss the malfunctioning of
think tanks.
the US politics.
Q. With the reference of the above
C) Political legitimacy of US
passage, which among the following
government.
is the most logical and rational
D) None of the above inference?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) Policy think tanks are non profit Muslim, Sikh, Isai apas mein bhai
organizations which make policies bhai”
and strategies for war.
Q. The author wants to convey that
B) Think tanks can be private or message that
public depending upon the funding
A) The schools are not immune to
and political system.
social prejudice
C) Think tanks are historically
B) Textbooks are not presenting the
important from the policy point of
reality.
view.
C) Present Education system
D) None of these
promotes disharmony.

D) None of these
Passage - 8

Another serious limitation with our

Passage - 9
textbooks is the tendency to keep
them sanitised, with no mention of Recent discoveries of hydrocarbon
any social evil or conflicts. This is reserves have increased the
done to keep young minds away from importance of legal delimitation of
the ill effects of all that is bad in continental shelves and exclusive
society. Ironically, a child economic zones, expanding the
experiencing discrimination day in number of states involved in
and day out in his real life is contemporary maritime disputes in
transported to a make-believe world the area. In January 2019 Cyprus,
where all is well. A child wearing a Egypt, Greece, Israel and Jordan
skull cap being teased outside the created an Eastern Mediterranean
class and accused of being a terrorist Gas Forum (EMGF) to discuss the
on entering the classroom reads a extraction and use of natural gas. In
textbook, which says, “Hindu, September 2020 the partners,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

together with Italy, institutionalized when human activities are changing

their partnership by establishing a the dynamics and functioning of the
secretariat in Cairo and expanded the earth itself. Science warns us of
scope of their cooperation to develop approaching environmental tipping
a regional energy market. points beyond which conditions in
the biosphere could fundamentally
Q. With respect of the above
and irreversibly change. While these
passage, following assumptions have
environmental transformations are
been made
beyond human control, the course of
1. Resources in Maritime zones often the Anthropocene nevertheless
led to conflicts among the depends on us; specifically, on how
stakeholders. fast we can halt the activities that
drive environmental degradation. In
2. Hydrocarbon reserves in maritime
the Anthropocene, the violence
region are regulated by EMGF.
humans inflict on nature is violence
Choose the correct option we inflict on ourselves.

A) 1 Only Q. On the basis of the above passage,

following assumptions have been
B) 2 Only
made
C) 1 and 2 Both
1. Functioning and dynamics of the
D) None of these earth are subject to the external
activities.
Passage - 10
2. In Holocene, changes are not
The Anthropocene is proposed as a
under the control of Human beings.
new geological epoch. In contrast to
the Holocene—the past 12 000 years choose the correct option
of relative climatic stability—the
A) 1 Only
Anthropocene has been described as
a dangerous and unpredictable era, B) 2 Only
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) 1 and 2 Both

D) None of these
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions is there surplus of workforce in

northern states or not
1. (a)
4. (b)
Answer is Option A
Answer is Option B
Here in this type of questions we
need to find out the options which Here in this type of questions we
are in the context of the given need to try find out the options
passage. And try to rule out those which in the context of the given
statements which are ambiguous in passage. And try to rule out those
nature and purely based on statements which are ambiguous in
imagination.. nature and purely based on
imagination
2 (b)
5. (d)
Answer is Option B
Answer is Option D
In context with the above passage
Option B provides the most logical Here in this passage, the impact of
and rational inference of the above empowering women on holistic
passage. development is discussed. Here in
statement 1 it is being discussed
3. (d)
about the conditions required for the
Answer is Option D holistic development which is not
being discussed in the passage. So it
Both the statements are non in the
is wrong to assume. Similarly
context with the passage and hence
statement 2 is also not relevant with
wrong to be assumed. Here in this
the passage..
passage it is not mentioned why
there is lack of production capacity in 6 (c)
the southern states. Same for
Answer is Option C
statement 2 it is not mentioned that
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Option C provides the core idea of .

the passage, in the passage the
10 (a)
political legitimacy and its status in
the US government is being Answer is Option A
discussed. Hence Option C is the
Statement 2 is of no relevance with
correct answer.
the passage hence is wrong to
7 (b) assume. So option A is the correct
answer.
Answer is Option B

Option A is not correct as it is not in

context with the passage and Option
C is irrelevant to the passage. While
Option B presents one of the idea
that is being discussed in the passage.
Hence is the correct answer.

8. (a)

Answer is Option A

According to the above passage it is

evident that Option A suits as the
best message that can be conveyed
through this passage.

9 (d)

Answer is Option D

Both the statements are wrong to be

assumed as they are not with the
context of the passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the

Day - 21 most logical and critical inference
Directions for the following 10 (ten) that can be made from the passage?
items: (a) The authorities should ensure that
Read the following passages and there are no illegal electric fences or
answer the items that follow. Your barbed wire fences, which, instead,
answers to these questions should be can be replaced with the solar
based on the passage only. powered ones.

Passage - 1 (b) The critical role elephants play in

biodiversity conservation must be
The death of five elephants, four of highlighted, especially to those living
them cows, caused by trains colliding in areas close to elephant corridors.
with them, and all within a week, has
again highlighted the gaps in efforts (c) The participation of local
to reduce man-animal conflicts in the communities is crucial in reducing
country. The pattern of train man animal conflicts
accidents involving elephants has (d) Elephants are victims of train
been studied by different collisions and electric fences in rising
stakeholders, including the Railways, man-animal conflicts
Forest and Wildlife Departments and
activists, especially with regard to the
Madukkarai stretch. That a greater Passage - 2
number of casualties getting reported
are in elephant passages has been Analysis by the United Nations World
confirmed by the C&AG in its latest Food Programme (WFP) shows that a
compliance audit report on the 2°C rise in average global
Ministry of Railways. temperature from pre-industrial
levels will see a staggering 189
million additional people in the grip
of hunger. Vulnerable communities, a
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

vast majority of whom rely on Passage - 3

subsistence agriculture, fishing, and
Most policymakers and journalists
livestock and, who contribute the
think that when you achieve a fertility
least to the climate crisis, will
rate of 2.1, the population policy is
continue to bear the brunt of the
over. Unfortunately, the population
impacts with limited means to
policy is not just a fertility control
cushion the blow. The absence of
policy. We have to educate our
social protection measures such as
administrators and policymakers that
food safety nets forces the food
population policy includes not just
insecure to depend on humanitarian
fertility but also mortality and
aid for survival.
migration. These are the three
With the reference of the above components of population growth.
passage, the following assumptions This is the beginning of the work that
have been made : the government has to do in terms of
child nutrition, child mortality and
1. The poor and the vulnerable
providing employment for the youth
continue to be hardest hit.
— what we call the demographic
2. In any reimagination of food dividend.
systems, now unequal and strained,
Which among the following is the
the world has to factor in climate
most logical assumption that can be
change adaptation.
made from the above passage?
Choose the correct option
(a) Population momentum will set in
(a) 1 only right now and continue for perhaps a
few years or a decade.
(b) 2 only
(b) It will take several decades for
(c) Both of them
India to reach population
(d) Neither of them stabilisation.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) It is very important for us to wait Which among the following is the
and do more work than what we most logical assumption that can be
have done so that we have healthy made from the above passage
women, healthy children and a
(a) The green revolution’s aim was to
healthy society.
increase outputs by applying
(d) India has a large young population scientific breakthroughs with
which needs access to contraception, methods of management to obtain
not family planning economies through scale.

(b) None of the above

Passage - 4 (c) The Government must now go

back to the drawing board to find
The purpose of the green revolution
better ways to increase farmers’
was to increase the output of
incomes.
agriculture to prevent shortages of
food. The purpose of the white (d) The scientific managerial solutions
revolution was to increase the of the green revolution have harmed
incomes of small farmers in Gujarat, the soil and water resources of
not the output of milk. The green northern India.
revolution was largely a technocratic
enterprise driven by science and the
principles of efficiency. Whereas, the Passage - 5
white revolution was a socio-
Parliament is the platform where the
economic enterprise driven by
executive is held accountable to the
political leaders and principles of
representatives of the people. That is
equity. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and
where people’s representatives raise
Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel had a
matters of public concern and seek
vision of a cooperative movement of
the Government’s attention. The
Gujarati farmers for increasing their
trend of weakening that process in
incomes.
the name of efficiency is not merely
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

undermining the spirit of democracy; majority, i.e. the Government, will

it is also landing the Government have its way, and the minority, the
itself in a difficult spot as the Opposition, will have its say.
mayhem that followed the hurried
(c) Disruption of proceedings,
passage of three controversial farm
suspension of MPs undermine
laws last year shows. Parliamentary
parliamentary democracy equally.
debates should not be viewed as a
distraction or waste of time; they are (d) The Government must make
a barometer of public mood and amends to restore the function of
must be respected as such, by both Parliament by deferring to
the ruling side and the Opposition. parliamentary mechanisms, and also
Also, the decision to suspend through informal channels of
Members for their conduct in the communication with the Opposition.
previous monsoon session at the
beginning of a new session seems
excessively punitive. This is no Passage - 6
defence of disruption in general or
While Russia’s neighbours in the
the behaviour of the particular MPs,
region worry about the ongoing
but the punishment is only worsening
Russian military build-up, Basic
the conflict, and not facilitating
Principles 2035 portrays Russia’s own
debate.
concerns over the increasing military
Which of the following summarises presence of foreign countries and the
the whole idea of the passage? related growing conflict potential in
the Arctic as challenges for its
(a) Bills are passed in a hurry and
national security. Russia has
even amidst din; the scrutiny of Bills
repeatedly claimed that North
by committees and debates are few
Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO)
and far between.
increasing activities in the region
(b) A guiding principle of pose a significant threat. Activities of
parliamentary proceedings is that the the United States in the Arctic and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

North Atlantic have also been trafficking have taken place in the
pointed out as a challenge to both wider Black Sea region, it is important
Russia’s military and maritime to understand whether recent
doctrines. events, including the conflict in and
around Ukraine, have increased
Q. With the context of the above
existing nuclear security risks or
passage, following assumptions have
created new ones.
been
Q. According to the above passage,
1. Russia military buildup is due to
which among the following is the
the growing conflict in Arctic and
most logical and rational inference?
Increasing activities of NATO.
A) Black sea region contains nuclear
2. Russia Military build up pose a
reserves in large quantity.
threat to other neighbours.
B) Nuclear trafficking is a major
choose the correcrt option
problem of the Black Sea region.
A) 1 Only
C) Region of Black Sea shows great
B) 2 Only cooperation to mitigate the nuclear
security risk.
C) 1 and 2 Both
D) None of the above.
D) None of these

Passage - 8
Passage - 7
Qila Raipur Sports Festival, India's
The wider Black Sea region contains
Rural Olympics, is an annual sporting
both a high degree of nuclear security
event that promotes local rural sports
risk and rich experience in efforts to
of Punjab through competitions in
cooperate on risk reduction. Given
the district of Ludhiana, Punjab. The
that some of the most significant
brainchild of Inderjeet Singh Grewal,
known cases of illicit nuclear
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Qila Raipur Sports Festival was first Passage - 9

held in 1933 to bring together people
All urban local bodies can mandate at
and promote harmony through
least a minimum number of charging
sports. The sports festival brings a
points in the parking lots. The
right unique mix of professional
numbers would depend upon the
sports as well as rural sports played
actual demand. Parking lots could
for mere pleasure. The athletic
adopt a feasible revenue model for
events include shot put, hockey,
providing EV charging stations. This
kabaddi, track races. The other games
could be replicated in parking lots in
include tug of war, horse races, horse
offices, railway stations and airports
acrobatics, etc.
with a minimum number of charging
Q. With the reference of the above stations being stipulated for each
passage, following assumptions have site. It is safe to assume that people
been made in general spend at least 6 hours in
office. So, even a slow charger on
1. Rural sports have potential to
office premises would suffice.
promote harmony through meets.
Q. This passage likely to be an excerpt
2. Government till now failed to
from
promote the Rural sports due to non
intervention. A) Think tank research policy paper

Choose the correct option B) Speech given in Parliament by

subject concerned minister,
A) 1 Only
C) Directives given by the court
B) 2 Only
D) None of these
C) 1 and 2 Both

C) None of these
Passage - 10
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

As a by-product of the Covid-19

pandemic and infodemic, we are
confronted with a battle against
untamed emotions. The National
Commission of Women has reported
a rise in domestic and gender-based
violence since the imposition of the
countrywide lockdown. Financial
hardship, risk of unemployment,
worry of pay-cuts and the fear of
contracting the disease are all
affecting our collective mental well-
being. The gigantic surge in
misinformation has triggered fear-
driven reactions such as panic buying,
disowning pets, communal divide,
discourtesy towards frontline
workers, indignities against migrants,
etc.

Q115.This passage argues that

A) Pandemic puts stress on physical

health as well as on mental health.

B) Pandemic causes wane in the

humanity.

C) Infodemic is a new term that was

coined in the current pandemic.

D) None of the above

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Answer is B

1. (d) First statement is incorrect because it

is merely repeating this statement
Answer is D
mentioned in the passage "The green
Refer to these lines of the passage revolution was largely a technocratic
"The death of five elephants, four of enterprise driven by science and the
them cows, caused by trains colliding principles of efficiency". And we have
with them, and all within a week, has already told you assumption is
again highlighted the gaps in efforts something which is in the mind of the
to reduce man-animal conflicts in the author while writing the article. It is
country.". not clearly stated in the passage.

2 (c) Third statement is incorrect because

passage does not suggest anything to
Answer is C
increase farmers income today.
Both are correct assumptions.
Fourth statement is out of context.
3. (c)
5. (c)
Answer is C
Answer is C
First statement and second
First statement can be inferred from
statements are out of context. You
the passage but it cannot summarise
can easily eliminate them.
the whole idea of the passage.
Fourth statement is nowhere
Second statement is nowhere
indicated in the passage.
indicated in the passage.
Third statement is correct. You can
Fourth statement is a suggestion and
guess it from first few lines of the
seems to be correct. But this
passage.
suggestion cannot be the summary of
4. (b) the passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Now see the third statement. How validates that the option C is the
beautifully it has captured the idea of correct answer.
the passage.
8. (a)
In the exam hall if you are confused
Answer is Option A
between two options it is better to
mark one of them and move ahead Refer to the statement "The
without wasting much time. brainchild of Inderjeet Singh Grewal,
Qila Raipur Sports Festival was first
6 (c)
held in 1933 to bring together people
Answer is Option C and promote harmony through
sports'' it shows that rural sports
Both the statements are true.
have potential to promote the
Refer the statement " Russia’s own harmony and hence it is right to be
concerns over the increasing military assumed. while statement 2 is non
presence of foreign countries and the relevant so it is wrong to be assumed.
related growing conflict potential in
9 (a)
the Arctic as challenges for its
national security'' it shows that 10 (a)
Russia is concerned about the
growing power of other which led
Russia to increase build up its military

7 (c)

Answer is Option C

Refer to the statement "The wider

Black Sea region contains both a high
degree of nuclear security risk and
rich experience in efforts to
cooperate on risk reduction'' it
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the

Day - 23 most logical and rational inference
Directions for the following 10 (ten) from the above passage?
items: (a) High LPG prices are scorching the
Read the following passages and air pollution fight
answer the items that follow. Your (b) The practice of biomass usage is
answers to these questions should be predominantly concentrated in rural
based on the passage only. areas
Passage - 1 (c) There is a need to strengthen the
Only half the rural LPG users receive LPG supply chain and enforce timely
home delivery of LPG refills, while the service delivery
rest have to travel about five (d) Subsidy must be resumed for the
kilometres one way to procure a households granted LPG connections
cylinder. Gaps in the doorstep under the Ujjwala scheme.
delivery of LPG cylinders are also
present in urban pockets, particularly
in slum areas. This is a major factor Passage - 2
behind the use of biomass among
urban slum households. There must The Russian President Vladimir
be higher incentives for rural Putin’s short visit to New Delhi and
distributors, who have to otherwise the inaugural 2+2 meeting between
service a low but distributed demand India and Russia — which is India’s
at similar commissions. Looping in fourth such engagement with
self-help groups could also help another country — will help improve
aggregate demand and create jobs in Moscow-New Delhi ties, currently
distant areas. fraying under the pressure of larger
global power shifts. Of all the
diplomatic balancing acts India has to
play in this milieu of geopolitical
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

uncertainty, the one with Russia is (c) Unless the bilateral ties can move
the most significant. And yet, let the beyond arms sale/purchase, the
ongoing flurry of activity between phase of stasis will kick in sooner
Moscow and New Delhi not blind us rather than later in India-Russia
to the global forces that will pose relations.
formidable challenges for the
(d) The India-Russia relationship
partnership. Russia, no doubt, is a
stands deeply strained by larger
friend in need to India; but Moscow’s
geopolitical realities
friendship comes with limitations.
Not only would the realities of the
global balance of power shrink the
Passage - 3
robustness of the relationship over
time, but, more crucially perhaps, a In many public places in Hyderabad,
legacy relationship based on limited there are signboards that read: ‘Big
interaction might eventually lose the boss is watching you’. It is unclear
warmth given that there is little what this implies: whether it is a
organic, people-to-people content to warning from the state that people
the relationship. must abide by the law or an
assurance that the citizenry is safe
What is the central idea of the
under the watch of the state or an
passage?
ominous message that the
(a) The Soviet-era cultural and movements of citizens are constantly
people-to-people contacts have being monitored. Such incidents
almost entirely evaporated. underscore crucial issues: the need
for a data protection law and the
(b) India has to carefully balance its
concept of informed consent. While
growing partnership with the U.S.
upkeep of law and order is
with its somewhat delicate
paramount, the right to privacy and
relationship with Russia.
informed consent cannot be
compromised; they need to be
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

protected by a law that defines the solid waste management. This goes
limits of use of citizen’s data by the beyond the efficient collection and
state. transportation of waste and brings
focus on processing all types of waste
With the reference of the above
like plastic, construction and
passage, the following assumptions
demolition waste, as well as
have been made :
providing budgetary support for
1. The unequal power dynamic remediating old waste disposed in all
between State and the common man dumpsites across 4,372 cities in India
who has no choice but to comply before March 2023. Its components
cannot be ignored. include source segregation; door-to-
door collection of waste; separate
2. Facial recognition technologies can
transportation of different types of
bring under a cloud the right to
wastes; processing of wet waste, dry
peaceful assembly
waste, and construction and
Choose the correct option demolition waste.

(a) 1 only Which of the following is implied by

the passage?
(b) 2 only
(a) SBM 2.0 allocates funding only to
(c) Both of them
set up waste processing facilities
(d) Neither of them
(b) Lack of funds was one of the main
reasons for the partial success of SBM
in solid waste management
Passage - 4
(c) The financial assistance
The recently released Swachh Bharat
committed by the mission varies by
Mission (SBM) 2.0 guidelines
State.
continue to take forward the aims of
the SBM launched in 2014, but add (d) The Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0
an important dimension focused on guidelines have an important
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

dimension focused on solid waste (a) As purchasing power declined,

management health care would have become more
unaffordable, forcing people to forgo
care.
Passage - 5
(b) India’s total public spending on
Low public spending on health in health as a percentage of GDP or in
India has meant that people depend per capita terms has been one of the
heavily on their own means to access lowest in the world.
health care. It causes rich-poor, rural-
(c) More people have moved towards
urban, gender and caste-based
subsidised public services
divides in access to health care,
pushes people to poverty, and forces (d) Increased public spending is not
them to incur debt or sell assets. going to benefit the common people
Since it is very unlikely that peoples’
need for health care has declined,
and current government health Passage - 6
expenditure has not increased much,
The need for peacebuilding is real.
a decline in out-of-pocket
Peacebuilding aims to address the
expenditure could be due to lower
drivers underlying conflict, as well as
utilisation of care — a sign of distress
the drivers of resilience, to promote
rather than a cause of
prevention and sustain peace.
celebration.The disastrous
Peacebuilding extends beyond elites
consequences of the dual blow of
at negotiation tables, and includes
demonetisation and GST on the
dispute resolution, reconciliation
purchasing power of people are quite
work, intergroup dialogue and
well documented.
cooperation, (re)integration
Which among the following is the measures, prevention of violent
most logical assumption that can be extremism, post-traumatic healing,
made from the above passage?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

social cohesion, tolerance and trust- landscape, undermine confidence in

building. missions, and mobilize violence, UN
personnel, and other targets. At the
Q. This passage supports the idea of
same time, the communications
A) Financing peacebuilding revolution offers UN peace
ecosystems operations new capabilities to share
information with the public and
B) State of peacebuilding around the
gather public input.
world
Q. With the reference of the above
C) Drivers of peacebuilding
passage, following assumptions have
D) Developing a peacebuilding been made
society.
1. Changing pattern of violence led
the United peacekeepers to change
the use of strategic communications.
Passage - 7
2. Strategic communications refers to
United Nations peace operations are
the sharing of information with the
increasingly recognizing strategic
public and gather input from them.
communications as essential to
implementing their mandates and choose the correct option
managing expectations about what
A) 1 Only
they can and cannot achieve. While
the use of strategic communications B) 2 Only
in UN peace operations is not new, it
C) 1 and 2 Both
has taken on added importance due
to changes in patterns of violence D) None of these
and in the technological landscape.
These changes are being exploited by
armed groups and other stakeholders Passage - 8
to shape perceptions of the political
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

100 years ago this year, the League of D) First world war created a new
Nations was created in Geneva. The atmosphere to reshape the
end of the First World War marked a International order.
watershed in many ways, and one of
them was the bankruptcy of the old
idea that balance-of-power politics Passage - 9
could ever be a guarantor of peace.
In India around 25% of the population
Clearly, an alternative international
lives without electricity at all. Gaining
order was needed and in this vacuum
access to energy would mean more
emerged the idea of modern
children could go to school and study
multilateralism. The League itself may
after dark, more women could invest
not have survived, but the idea it
in starting up a business or taking
represented has proven remarkably
care of their health (instead of
successful.
spending hours every day collecting
Q. Which among the following is the firewood and painstakingly preparing
most logical and rational inference of meals), and more companies could
the above passage? extend their working hours and offer
job opportunities. The UN
A) The idea of balance-of-power
Development Programme (UNDP) has
managed to maintained peace in the
supported more than 100 developing
older times.
countries in the past 20 years by
B) Failure of the Balance-of-power providing sustainable energy
created a vacuum which was solutions and advocating for energy
occupied by the idea of to become a development priority.
multilaterlism. We also partner with the UN
Secretary General’s Sustainable
C) League of Nations was created on
Energy for All (SE4ALL) initiative,
the idea of balance-of-power.
which aims to achieve three goals by
2030: ensure universal access to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

energy; double energy efficiency; and institutions across states have

double the use renewables. experienced institutional outbreaks
of Covid-19 and the new sub-variant,
Q. With the reference of the above
Omicron, has triggered concerns
passage, following assumptions have
worldwide.
been made
Q. The core idea of the passage is
1. Access to energy in a sustainable
way is important for the holistic A) Mitigation measures are not taken
upliftment of the society. by the world and thus schools are still
super spreader.
2. UNDP has played an important role
in achieving the three goals that were B) Educational institutions can be
to be achieved by 2030. made safe by adopting mitigation
measures.
choose the correct option
C) Omicron sub variant will make it
A) 1 Only
hard for the schools to reopen.
B) 2 Only
D) None of these
C) 1 and 2 Both

D) None of these

Passage - 10

Here is continuing evidence from

across the world that schools can be
opened safely, and these institutions
are not super-spreader spaces once
they have mitigation measures in
place. Two points of worry are
emerging though. Several education
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions First few lines of the passage suggest

that the correct answer is D.
1. (c)
5. (a)
Answer is C
Answer is A
Clearly the answer is C. Rest of the
statements are out of the context. Refer to these lines of the passage
"Since it is very unlikely that peoples’
2 (d)
need for health care has declined,
Answer is D and current government health
expenditure has not increased much,
Refer to these lines of the passage
a decline in out-of-pocket
"Not only would the realities of the expenditure could be due to lower
global balance of power shrink the utilisation of care — a sign of distress
robustness of the relationship over rather than a cause of celebration."
time"
Second statement is incorrect
"will help improve Moscow-New because there is no comparison of
Delhi ties, currently fraying under the India's spending on health and of
pressure of larger global power other countries.
shifts."
Third and fourth statements are
3. (a) clearly incorrect.

Answer is A 6 (d)

Right to peaceful assembly is out of Answer is Option D

context.
If you go through the passage
4. (d) carefully it is easy to identify the idea
that is being supported by the
Answer is D
passage. .

7 (b)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Answer is Option B Generals not by the UNDP and its

role in the initiative is also not
Statement 1 is not true as it says that
discussed in the passage so it is not
there is a change in the use of
valid to be assume.
strategic communications due to
change in pattern of the violence but 10 (b)
there is no change. There is only
Answer is Option B
addition in the importance of the
strategic communications due to Option B presents the core idea of
change in pattern of the violence. . the passage as it is in the context of
the passage and summarize the
8. (d)
passage in the best way.
Answer is Option D
.
Option D is correct and as well as the
most logical and rational inference
though other statements are also
correct but not valid to be the
inference.

9 (a)

Answer is Option A

Refer to the statement " We also

partner with the UN Secretary
General’s Sustainable Energy for All
(SE4ALL) initiative, which aims to
achieve three goals by 2030: ensure
universal access to energy; double
energy efficiency; and double the use
renewables." This SE4ALL initiative
was launched by the UN Secretary
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the

Day - 22 most logical assumption that can be
Directions for the following 10 (ten) made from the above passage?
items: (a) Indian federalism, to be
Read the following passages and democratically federal, needs
answer the items that follow. Your institutional amendment despite
answers to these questions should be being a basic structure.
based on the passage only. (b) India’s federal structure is
Passage - 1 constitutionally hamstrung by deficits
on all these counts, and operationally
Events coinciding with the jubilee of impaired by the institutional dents in
India’s Independence draw attention the overall democratic process.
to the federal structure of India’s
Constitution, which is a democratic (c) The constitutional division of
imperative of multi-cultural India, power and resources remains heavily
where the constituent units of the skewed in favour of the Centre
sovereign state are based on (d) India’s federal conflicts are
language, against competing structural, reinforced by operational
identities such as caste, tribe or abuses.
religion. This built-in structural
potential for conflict within and
among the units, and that between Passage - 2
them and the sovereign state, need
imaginative federal craftmanship and In fact, innovation combined with
sensitive political management. The advanced technologies like
ability of the Indian Constitution to blockchain and artificial intelligence
keep its wide-ranging diversity within (AI) offer revolutionary solutions to
one sovereign state, with a formal agriculture. However, assimilation of
democratic framework is noteworthy. modern technologies takes time but
this gap needs to be addressed on an
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

immediate basis so that even small stakeholders involved in online

and medium-sized farmers can avail trading deals will be protected from
themselves of low-cost technology fraudulent activities like hacking and
and benefit from it. With India being cheating.
an agrarian economy, blockchain
technology will clearly be a gamer
changer as it can provide tamper- Passage - 3
proof, accurate data about the farms,
Cryptocurrencies are not
inventory, credit scores and food
‘untraceable’ as most believe; in fact,
tracking.
it happens to be more traceable than
Which of the following sums up the currency notes due to the public
whole idea of the passage ledger leaving a clear trail. In
addition, when discussing the merits
(a) Blockchain technology can help in
of cryptocurrencies, one must
providing updated demand and
understand that it possesses no
supplier information to all parties
intrinsic value. Stocks provide partial
involved.
ownership of a firm that produces
(b) Blockchain intervention can help goods and services, bonds provide a
expedite financial settlements and steady source of income, and gold
farmers no longer have to wait for has inherent metal value.
payments endlessly, which often Cryptocurrencies are non-productive
leave them distressed. assets that are merely traded
because there is demand for it.
(c) Blockchain is a revolutionary
technology that can provide lasting With the reference of the above
solutions to the gripping problems passage, the following assumptions
faced by the Indian agriculture have been made :
industry.
1. Private cryptocurrencies being
(d) If agro-based companies install adopted as a legitimate currency in
this technology, this means all the the nation will spell the end of
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

regulation and economic intervention correction, the question is, what type
by the central bank of data do we need to help starving
children? Is it data on how much food
2. It is crucial for governments
is supplied, served and consumed or
worldwide to decide on a course of
data on what went wrong and the
action regarding this growing
prevalence of weight loss and growth
technology and equip themselves
stagnation? Do we need output or
accordingly.
impact data or input and process
3. Bitcoin as an extremely volatile data with their quality parameters?
cryptocurrency cannot act as a We need to monitor the input and
currency in a stable economy. process indicators. That is how we
can rectify past mistakes. Data
4. Those who invest in
generated quickly can lead to mid-
cryptocurrencies need to understand
course corrections. Data-driven
that they are speculating rather than
planning and strategies lead to good
investing.
governance with accountability.
Choose the correct option

Which among the following is the

(a) 1 only most logical and critical inference
that can be made from the passage?
(b) 2 and 4 only
(a) Many established surveys seem to
(c) 2 only
have methodological errors.
(d) 4 only
(b) Real-time monitoring of the Public
Distribution System (PDS) will go a
long way in ensuring food at the
Passage - 4
family level.
While we need to monitor data for
(c) If we are serious about a healthy
programmatic evaluation and
new generation, we must a proper
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

process of monitoring nutrition and (a) Theatre commands optimize the

growth structure for jointness, a requirement
that emerged in the late-Industrial
(d) There has been tardy progress in
Age.
reducing undernutrition, wasting and
stunting. (b) The idea that all forms of power
must come together to achieve any
specific military objective is over 30
Passage - 5 years old.

That is why the ideal solution for (c) Both of them

India is to have four geography-based
(d) Neither of them
theatres—Northern, Southern,
Eastern and Western—each
equipped to use land, sea, air, space
Passage - 6
and cyber power to handle all threats
in their areas. In addition, I am an A common civil code will help the
advocate of the unpopular minority cause of national integration by
view that India must raise a small but removing disparate loyalties to laws
effective expeditionary command for which have conflicting ideologies. No
overseas military operations. No community is likely to bell the cat by
theatre should ‘belong’ to any making gratuitous concessions on this
service, and command appointments issue. It is the State which is charged
should be decided based on talent with the duty of securing a uniform
and experience in joint operations, civil code for the citizens of the
not the colour of a uniform. country and, unquestionably, it has
the legislative competence to do so.
Which among the following is the
most logical assumption that can be Which among the following is the
made from the above passage? most logical and rational inference
from the above passage?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) National integration cannot be gender imbalance in the field of

achieved until there is a common civil technical arms control. Instead,
code multiple areas of action are needed
to redress this situation.
(b) Only the State has the legislative
competence to secure a uniform civil Q. The key idea of the passage is.
code for the citizens of the country.
A) Diversified working fields are
(c) The uniform civil code is the required to make the women
modern version of common civil code community safe.

(d) Common civil code can help in B) Participation of Women in

uniting the people of India handling of weapons and ammunition
is good for arms control as well as for
Passage - 7
women community
The continued exclusion of women
C) Post conflict zones need more
from international security decision-
women participation in security
making and implementation is a
sector to have an effective policy
problem. Not only is it a right for
intervention.
women to participate in this field, but
UNIDIR’s research suggests that a D) Technical arms control in today's
diverse workforce may lead to safer context are creating gender
and more effective management of imbalance.
weapons and ammunition, making
communities safer. Additionally, in
post conflict contexts, improving Passage - 8
women’s access to jobs in the
The key objective of CEL( Centre for
security sector has the potential to
Equality and Liberty of the LGBT
increase their power as decision-
community in Kosovo) is to become
makers, transforming gender
a driving force underpinning the
relations at a family and community
creation of a progressive, diverse and
level. There’s no magic fix for the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

tolerant society in Kosovo, a support Passage - 9

system for ensuring equal rights and
Developing the skills of youth is
opportunities for all and a motivator
critical to ensure they can find
for change. The Centre also aims to
employment, and meaningfully
strengthen the legal framework for
participate in society. Ghanaian
the LGBTQI+ community in Kosovo,
peacekeepers serving with UNMISS
and help enhance its participation in
trained around 70 young people
international and regional
around from With the context of the
mechanisms and projects which are
above passage, following
beneficial not only to the community
assumptions have been made.” At
itself but also to society.
the end of this 6-month intensive
Q. With the context of the above training on Information and
passage, following assumptions have Communication Technology,
been made peacekeepers handed over
computers and printers to a youth
A) Kosovo being a non diverse state is
centre located in Bentiu.
a vulnerable state for LGBT.
Q. With the context of the above
B) Ensuring equal rights and
passage, following assumptions have
opportunites for the LGBQTI+
been made
community is beneficial for the whole
society. 1. Developing skills in youths is
necessary to make them
choose the correct option
economically secure.
A) 1 Only
2. Bentiu is experiencing the low skill
B) 2 Only among its youth.

C) 1 and 2 Both Choose the correct Option

D) None of the above A) 1 Only

B) 2 Only
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) 1 and 2 Both C) A speech by a Member of OAU in

general meeting.
D) None of the above
D) None of the above.

Solutions
Passage - 10
1. (d)
The Organisation of African Unity
(OAU) went from being a notorious Answer is D
“dictator’s club” to enforcing
First statement is incorrect because
democracy and constitutionalism as
there is no indication of the necessity
requirements for sustained
of "an institutional amendment" and
membership in the continent’s main
the "basic structure".
political body. Meanwhile, with the
fall of the Soviet Union, the United Second statement is an extreme
States and other Western powers statement and hence incorrect. See
recommitted themselves to the extreme phrases "all' and
upholding democracy. African "overall" mentioned in the
strongmen and juntas were left statement.
without international backers,
Third statement is also incorrect.
leading to widespread, though far
from complete, democratisation Fourth statement is correct. Refer to
across the continent. these lines of the passage "This built-
in structural potential for conflict
Q124. This passage could be an
within and among the units, and that
excerpt from
between them and the sovereign
A) An open letter to OAU by pro state, need imaginative federal
democracy activists. craftmanship and sensitive political
management"
B) An Editorial by a reputed lecturer
of World politics. 2 (c)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Answer is C Answer is C

Last lines of the passage suggest that

the answer is C.
Only the third statement is able to
sum up the whole Idea of the 5. (c)
passage.
Answer is D
3. (d)
Both are incorrect assumptions.
Answer is D
6 (d)
First statement is incorrect because
Answer is D
there is no indication regarding the
central bank and the regulations. First and second statements are
extreme statements, and therefore
Second statement is incorrect
incorrect.
because the passage doesn't seem to
suggest anything for the government. Third statement is clearly incorrect as
This statement can be marked as a there is no comparison between
correct statement if the question was them.
asking about the possible future
7 (b)
course of action.
Answer is Option B
Third statement is an extreme
statement and hence incorrect. Though all the options are correct but
Option B is the core idea of the
Fourth statement is correct and can
passage and hence is the correct
be assumed from these lines of the
Answer.
passage "Cryptocurrencies are non-
productive assets that are merely 8. (c)
traded because there is demand for
Since both the statements are in the
it.".
context of the passage and valid to be
4. (c)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

assume. So Option C is the correct

answer.

9 (a)

Answer is Option A

Statement 2 is not in the context of

the article as it is not mentioned that
what is the problem of the youth of
the Bentiu. So it is not a valid option
to assume . statement 1 is clearly a
valid assumption .

10 (b)

Answer is Option B

Since in this passage it is easy to

identify that Option C can not be
correct as no member of OAU will
speak against themselves.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

from the following perspectives:

Day - 24 scientific research, climate change,
Directions for the following 10 (ten) the ‘Look East’ policy and a larger
items: construct with Russia.

Read the following passages and Which among the following is the
answer the items that follow. Your most logical assumption that can be
answers to these questions should be made from the above passage?
based on the passage only. (a) Climate change can be one
Passage - 1 primary focus of the Indo-Arctic
construct.
The Arctic may be the northernmost
part of the world, geographically far (b) From rising seas to cyclones, the
from India. However, the impact of North Pole unites the South and the
climate change across the coasts of East.
India and the economic fallout should (c) The Indo-Arctic will also
bring up the Arctic more in strategically balance the US and
discussion. Politically and China.
strategically, the Arctic can no longer
be perceived as too far. In this (d) New Delhi’s ‘Look East’ during the
context, India will have to look at the previous decades was limited to
Arctic — both from the prism of South-East Asia. .
climate change and also as a strategic
construct. The former cannot happen
without the latter. Given the region’s Passage - 2
size, economy and partners (or the high poverty environments and with
lack thereof), India will also have to marginalised groups, face an
work with other countries to inordinate amount of job stress, it is
establish a strong presence in the very important to recognise and
Arctic. India should look at the Arctic validate their stress, bring it out and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

discuss it openly. School step in addressing the mental health

environments often embody the and well-being of school environment
larger cultural milieu and discussing
mental health and well-being might
be stigmatised; recognising and Passage - 3
addressing this stigma through a
Hailed as a landmark reform in India’s
cogent set of policies at a systemic
tax history, it was expected to
level will help schools create an
improve tax-GDP ratio, end tax
environment where mental health
cascading, enhance efficiency,
can be discussed openly.
competitiveness, growth, and ensure
What is the central idea of the lower prices. It was also projected as
passage? a watershed in India’s fiscal
federalism. While the States have
(a) Teachers, as primary caregivers to
forgone a substantial part of their
children, influence the emotional
own tax revenue, they were in turn
environment of a classroom as well
guaranteed a GST compensation
as the emotional and behavioural
assuring 14% growth in their GST
well-being of those in their care.
revenue during the initial five years.
(b) India has an estimated nine Many exemptions, along with
million teachers, but they are not a different tax rates, as against the
homogeneous group in India. single rate in many countries, have
been accommodated to protect the
(c) For many teachers, teaching is not
interests of different stakeholders.
just a profession but also the most
rewarding work as interacting with With the reference of the above
young children and adolescents passage, the following assumptions
brings with it great pleasure and joy. have been made :

(d) Making the mental well-being of 1. GST in India was possible only
teachers a priority is a very needed because the States surrendered much
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

of their constitutionally inherited (c) 5 only

indirect taxes.
(d) 1 and 5 only
2. Given the revenue neutrality
failure and the host of other issues,
many of the States are left with no Passage - 4
option except to depend on GST
The current demand for a legal
compensation.
guarantee of MSP has to be seen in
3. While compensation legitimately the larger context of the situation of
has to coexist with GST, even the farmers. In addition to the twin
constitutionally guaranteed droughts of 2014 and 2015, farmers
compensation for five years has not have also suffered from declining
been implemented in letter and commodity prices since 2014. The
spirit, forcing the States to beg for twin shocks of demonetisation and
their entitlement. hurried rollout of GST, crippled the
rural economy, primarily the non-
4. Neither the States nor the
farm sector, but also agriculture. The
consumers seem to have benefited
slowdown in the economy after
since the rate reductions are not
2016-17 followed by the pandemic
translated into prices due to
has ensured that the situation
profiteering and cascading.
remains precarious for majority of
5. GST was launched as a major the farmers. With rural wages
reform having the potential to boost declining in real terms since 2014 and
the economy by removing certain lack of employment opportunities,
weaknesses. the crisis in the rural economy has
actually worsened. Higher input
Choose the correct option
prices for diesel, electricity and
(a) 1 and 3 only fertilisers have only contributed to
the misery.
(b) 2 only
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the cryptocurrencies threaten to

most logical assumption that can be reimagine the nation state as the
made from the above passage? arbiter of local and international
currencies and payment systems.
(a) A price intervention scheme is not
They take us back to a time when
unique and is a standard intervention
gold, spices, and other goods —
used by many countries.
privately tradable commodities —
(b) Even an efficient and functional were used to for trade and services.
MSP is unlikely to be the permanent
Which among the following is the
solution to the deep-rooted crisis in
most logical and rational inference
agriculture
from the above passage?
(c) Both of them
(a) Meanwhile, in India, we are
(d) Neither of them behind China in terms of trying to
crack down on cryptocurrencies.

(b) Bitcoin, a kind of cryptocurrency,

Passage - 5
was expected to be more valuable
The undisputed bright spot is that the than gold.
underlying technology that enables
(c) Cryptocurrency continues to
cryptocurrencies, i.e. the blockchain
remain a very risky technology
technology could be used to replace
the current global payment systems, (d) What should be utilised and
which are slow, expensive and tightly encouraged is the blockchain
controlled. Cryptocurrencies threaten technology that can make our
to create a decentralised market payment systems more efficient.
space, that is more efficient, more
egalitarian, and thereby disrupt the
insular structures that control Passage - 6
banking systems, globally and
nationally. At its core,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

We [MONUSCO] also do advocacy D) State forces irresponsible working

and communication with state forces. culture leading towards a crisis.
We have the joint technical working
group both at a national and
provincial level. In case we see a rise Passage - 7
in violations from state forces, we do
All destructive ASAT tests create
advocacy at that forum and make
debris. Space debris can multiply
sure that the higher command of the
when the fragments collide with each
authority sees and takes action on
other, a phenomenon known as the
that to stop and prevent violations.
Kessler syndrome. Even ASAT tests
We also raise awareness and do
that seek to minimize the amount of
trainings on the 6 grave violations.
debris—such as India’s, which was
This is a tactic of personal prevention
conducted at a lower altitude of
and also reporting. Once
approximately 285 km—create debris
communities are aware of what the 6
that remains in orbit for months.
grave violations are, then we might
Debris at higher altitudes can take
receive more information from them.
years, even decades, to deorbit, after
Q. Which one of the following is which it burns up in the atmosphere
essentially discussed in the passage? while falling back to earth.

A) Technical knowledges should be Q. Which among the following

imparted in the state forces to avoid statements best sumps up the above
violations. passage?

B) External actors are required to A) Using ASAT is necessary to clear

stop or manage violation that is done debris in the space.
by the state forces.
B) ASAT are not the most effective
C) Continuous violation by state way to clear the space debris.
forces needs an Intervention through
community awareness.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) ASAT themselves create space C) A strong parental attachment is

debris which takes decades to the single most important protective
deorbit. factor in the lives of children.

D) India's ASAT is creating debris in D) We have a moral and human rights

the lower orbit. imperative to act.

Passage - 8 Passage - 9

Abuse and neglect are the main Most Covid vaccines are administered
preventable cause of mental illness, in two doses, with a few given as a
addiction and propensity to violence. single dose. A booster is an additional
They significantly contribute to ill- shot given after the protection
health and poor learning outcomes. provided by the original shot(s) has
They are one of our most costly and begun to decrease over time, so that
least talked about social problems. people can maintain their level of
Yet they are preventable. A strong immunity for longer.
parental attachment is the single
Q. This passage argues against the
most important protective factor in
the lives of children. A) Giving covid vaccines in multiple
doses.
Q. What is the most critical message
that is being discussed in the above B) Booster dose is needed to
passage maintain its efficacy.

A) The need for urgent universal C) Single dose is needed for

access to parenting programmes. everyone.

B) For children danger is not just the D) None of the above

presence of violence, it’s also the
absence of love and care.
VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Second, third and fourth statement

are incorrect because the passage
1. (a)
does not talk about the failure or
Answer is A success of GST. It only states about
the initial hopes and plans regarding
Refer to these lines of the passage
GST when it was launched.
"However, the impact of climate
change across the coasts of India and 4. (d)
the economic fallout should bring up
Answer is D
the Arctic more in discussion."
First statement is out of context
2 (d)
hence incorrect.
Answer is D
Second statement is an extreme
Statement second and third can be statement and hence not correct.
eliminated easily.
5. (c)
Statement first is incorrect. The
Answer is C
passage does not talk directly about
how teachers influence the Clearly the answer is C. If you are not
environment. It can be assumed from able to solve this question then kindly
the passage but it cannot be a central contact the mentor.
idea of the passage.
6 (b)
3. (c)
Answer is Option B
Answer is C
Option A is clearly not in context with
First statement is incorrect due to the the passage
use of the word "only".
Option C uses a word continuously
which makes this statement
imaginary and out of the context of
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

the passage so cant be the correct

answer.

Similarly Option D is not in the

context of the passage.

7 (c)

Answer is Option C

Option C is the most suitable option

which sums up the above passage in
the best way. .

8. (a)

Answer is Option A

Option A is the most critical message

and rest all other options may be true
or within the context of the passage
but they are not critical as asked in
the passage.

9. (d)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

supervisory staff with the necessary

Day - 25 means and the desire to act.
Directions for the following 10 (ten) Q. Which among the following is the
items: most crucial message conveyed by
Read the following passages and the above passage?
answer the items that follow. Your A) Women are in need to acquire
answers to these questions should be more responsible position on
based on the passage only. Managerial post.
Passage - 1 B) UN program aims for gender parity
The United Nations-wide Strategy on by providing different responsible
Gender Parity sets targets and positions for women in the society.
monitors the following areas: C) Women need to learn to tackle
leadership and accountability; senior different challenges in society.
management; recruitment and
retention; creating an enabling D) None of the above
environment; and Mission settings. It
seeks a fair balance between
individual accountability and Passage - 2
incentives, recognizes different Twenty-six years later, there are over
starting points and challenges, and 80 million people who have been
provides positive tools to empower forced to flee or are stateless. Most
and encourage staff and managers are displaced within their own
alike, taking into account that the country, too many others have fled
initial situation and the difficulties across borders to seek safety outside
encountered vary considerably their homelands, millions of others
depending on the context, and still are not recognized as citizens
seeking to provide both officials and with equal rights within the countries
they — and generations before
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

them — have called home. Nearly half According to the United Nations
are children under 18 years old. Too Office for the Coordination of
many have witnessed or survived Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) and
horrific trauma, assault, exploitation, the Financial Tracking Service (FTS),
loss or injury. And yet, I have rarely the number of people in need of
met a woman, man, or child who has humanitarian aid in 2017 rose to
not offered to share something 141.1 million and they were located
precious with me: their shelter, their in 37 countries. The Global
coffee, their story. Humanitarian Appeal stood at nearly
$13 billion as of November 2017,
Q. With the reference of the above
which represented 58 per cent of the
passage, following assumptions have
total fund target set for humanitarian
been made
assistance. The gap between the
1. People are subjected to various appeal target and funds raised,
inhumane conditions after their however, has been widening in
displacement from their home. recent years, as has the number of
people affected by disasters—both
2. Stateless condition still needs a
natural and human-induced.
robust solution.
Q. The author suggests that
Choose the correct option
A) People around the world needs
A) 1 Only
more assistance
B) 2 Only
B) Disasters are affecting the lives of
C) 1 and 2 Both the people.

D) None of these C) Increasing appeal targets for

human assistance needs to be meet
by fund raising
Passage - 3
D) None of the above
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 4 Passage - 5

With devolution comes greater We have hard work ahead. There is

involvement of local governments no resting for any of us till we
with primary and secondary health redeem our pledge in full, till we
facilities. It’s in the best interest of make all the people of India what
both local politicians and health destiny intends them to be. We are
leaders to come together to bring citizens of a great country, on the
more people in their communities verge of bold advance, and we have
into the health system. Improving to live up to that high standard. All of
health is not only beneficial in and of us, to whatever religion we may
itself, but it also has positive effects belong are equally the children of
on things such as education and India with equal rights, privileges and
economic development. Coordinated obligations. We cannot encourage
efforts at national and county levels communalism or narrowmindedness,
will help citizens to realize the for no nation can be great whose
benefits of devolution sooner. And it people are in narrow in thought or
will take strong leadership and action.
governance to make that happen.
Q.The challenge the author of the
Q. The central idea of the passage is above passage throws to the public is
to achieve
A) Role of local leaders in achieving
the universal health coverage A) A high standard of living, progress
and privileges.
B) Working together for universal
health coverage B) equal privileges, fulfillment of
destiny and political tolerance.
C) The doctor is only one, and we are
many. C) Spirit of adventure and economic
parity.
D) None of the above
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) Hard work, brotherhood and Q. With the reference of the above

national unity . passage, following assumptions have
been made

1. The above context argues against

Passage - 6
the promotion of EV in India.
Setting up public charging
2. The transformation to EV requires
infrastructure can be a daunting and
various challenges to be tackled.
expensive proposition. It involves
disrupting already congested travel choose the correct option
corridors, finding suitable charging
A) 1 Only
spaces and substantial outlays to
achieve a decent network of public B) 2 Only
EV charging infrastructure.
C) 1 and 2 Both
Mandating every fossil fuel vending
outlet to have EV charging stations is D) None of these .
already notified. The pace of such
installations needs to be speeded up.
But this has to be supplemented with Passage - 7
alternate solutions such as installing
SEBI has played a prominent role as a
charging points within residential
liberalizer and a catalyst to help
complexes, housing societies
boost India’s startup ecosystem. Over
(including for visiting parking slots)
time, SEBI has worked towards
shopping malls, parking lots, railway
deepening capital markets and has
stations, offices, and small shops. A
eased regulations for investments in
mandate of reserving at least 10% of
startups in the country. It recently
parking lots for access-controlled
announced a number of measures
charging points would make EVs even
which would make it easier for
more attractive.
startups to list and open offer norms
too have been relaxed. Indian listing
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

of tech companies is important for relies on four complementary

the development of the country’s verification technologies, utilizing the
capital markets and providing most modern science available.
domestic, institutional and retail Seismic, hydroacoustic and
investors opportunities to invest in infrasound stations monitor the
the Indian ecosystem, comprising depths of the Earth, the world’s
homegrown tech companies. oceans and the atmosphere,
respectively, while radionuclide
Q. The key message of this passage is
stations detect radioactive debris
A) Indian technology startups are from atmospheric explosions or
better off being domestically listed vented by underground or
underwater nuclear explosions.
B) Startup companies are well-
recognized by investors in India Q. This passage could be an excerpt
from
C) Capital market has experienced
substantial growth following major A) A commentary on the wider
structural reforms applications of the Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty
D) SEBI has played a major role in
creating a suitable environment for B) A commentary on The CTBT
the startups. verification system

C) A commentary on Detecting
volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and
Passage - 8
tsunamis.
The verification system is designed to
D) None of the above
detect any nuclear explosion
conducted on the surface of the
Earth—underground, underwater or
Passage - 9
in the atmosphere. The International
Monitoring System (IMS) of the CTBT
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

India has become a dangerous place B) India’s commitment to pluralism,

for people who dissent with or resist social harmony and the rule of law is
the policies and actions of the ruling crumbling
establishment. It is routine for
C) Democracy in India is failing
extraordinary anti-terror laws or
colonial-era sedition laws to be D) None of these
slammed on people who struggle
against the targeting of minorities,
protest in places like Kashmir, fight Passage - 10
the displacement from forests and
In a free country, the man who
lands of indigenous people, or uphold
reaches the position of leader is
civic rights. Student activists,
usually one of the outstanding
academics and rights lawyers, even
character and ability. Moreover, it is
poets and priests, have been jailed
usually possible to foresee that he
indefinitely and denied bail but given
will reach such a position, since in
no opportunity to establish their
early life one can see his qualities of
innocence, because trials have not
character. But this is not always true
begun. Among these, an ageing Jesuit
in the case of a dictator, often he
priest with Parkinson’s, who had
reaches his position of power
devot*-ed his inspiring life to
through chance, very often through
fearlessly and peacefully fight the
the unhappy state of his country
displacement of indigenous people,
was jailed and he died in prison. Q. This passage seems to suggests
that
Q.What is the critical message
conveyed by the above passage? A) a leader foresees his future
position
A) Need for restructuring of our
entire penal and legal system. B) a leader is chosen only by a free
country
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) a leader must see that his country

is free from despair

D) despair in a country sometimes

leads to dictatorship
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions being suggested by the author in the

passage.
1. (b)
4. (a)
Answer is Option B
Answer is Option A
Option B is the most crucial message
that is being conveyed by the It is evident from the reading of the
passage. passage that option A is the correct
answer.
2 (c)
5. (b)
Answer is Option C
Answer is Option B
statement 1 is true, refer to the
statement "Too many have witnessed The challenge the author throws to
or survived horrific trauma, assault, the public is to achieve equal
exploitation, loss or injury. And yet, I privileges, fulfillment of destiny and
have rarely met a woman, man, or political tolerance.
child who has not offered to share
6. (b)
something precious with me: their
shelter, their coffee, their story." Answer is Option B

similarly statement 2 is also true , Refer to the statement " A mandate

refer to the statement " Twenty-six of reserving at least 10% of parking
years later, there are over 80 million lots for access-controlled charging
people who have been forced to flee points would make EVs even more
or are stateless." . attractive." it is a constructive
statement which shows the support
3. (c)
in favour of EV so statement 1 is
Answer is Option C wrong to assume.

Though Option A and B are correct 7 (d)

but not the central thing which is
Answer is Option D
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

It is evident from the passage that indefinitely and denied bail....." it

the role of SEBI is being discussed and shows that the traits which are
rest all other options are out of the mentioned are not being upheld by
context of the passage. the Indian state.

8 (b) 10. (d)

Answer is Option B Answer is Option D

Refer to the statement "The The passage denotes the despair

International Monitoring System sometimes leads to dictatorship in a
(IMS) of the CTBT relies on four country.
complementary verification
technologies, utilizing the most
modern science available."

it is evident that the option B is the

most suitable option.

9. (b)

Answer is B

Refer to the statement " It is routine

for extraordinary anti-terror laws or
colonial-era sedition laws to be
slammed on people who struggle
against the targeting of minorities,
protest in places like Kashmir, fight
the displacement from forests and
lands of indigenous people, or uphold
civic rights. Student activists,
academics and rights lawyers, even
poets and priests, have been jailed
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Judges cannot be shielded from

Day - 26 citizens’ questions and personal
Directions for the following 10 (ten) attacks
items: (b) Judiciary’s inaction almost always
Read the following passages and favours those in power
answer the items that follow. Your (c) Legal community is obliged to
answers to these questions should be protect vulnerable sections of society
based on the passage only.
(d) As a consumer of justice, the
Passage - 1 citizen has a right to critically
As the judiciary is one of the pillars of examine the judgements
democracy, and the Constitution
entrusts judges with the task of
protecting the constitutional rights of Passage - 2
the people, especially the right to life The farmers’ movement has proved
and liberty, the consumer of justice that the revolutionary spirit of the
has every right, and would be fully “peasant” had not diminished with
justified in critically examining, and the arrival of new networks of
commenting upon each and every capital. It has established that
word of the judges spoken or written, “peasant consciousness” in the
howsoever unpalatable it may be. Of country remains intellectually sharp,
course, none has the right to make socially sensitive and politically
personal attacks on judges. militant. As opposed to the image of
Which among the following is the the peasant as a marginal figure in
most logical and rational inference history, the recent farmer protests
from the above passage? have proved that they remain very
much central to the discourse of
democracy in India.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

With the reference of the above deeply religious and spiritual without
passage, the following assumptions wearing any uniform, or without
have been made : being a Hindu or Muslim or Christian?
We should not forget that barring
1. Farmers have demonstrated the
remarkable exceptions, even a
force of popular determination
“good” Hindu is likely to remain
against an arrogant and defiant
somewhat separated from a “good”
government.
Muslim; or, even when a “good”
2. Governments tend to see popular Muslim is enthusiastic about
protests as politically unsavoury and Jalaluddin Rumi, she/he might not
unjustified. quote the Upanishads with equal
enthusiasm. Hence, it is important to
3. The authority of the people never
realise that while the Bhagavad Gita,
gets exhausted by the government.
or the Quran or The New Testament
Choose the correct option still carry an “identity” with an
immense emotive connotation, the
(a) 1 and 2 only
flower that blooms, or the tree that
(b) 3 only whispers, or the river that flows has
no limiting identity.
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
Which of the following is most likely
(d) None of the above
to be a central idea of the passage?

(a) Organised religions with their

Passage - 3 priestcraft and heavy burden of
ritualism seek to condition our minds,
Is it possible to see beyond Hinduism
limit our horizons, and discourage our
vs Hindutva, and reimagine our
own quest.
religiosity beyond all labels and
categories? Is it possible for one to be
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(b) The debate on Hinduism vs Which among the following is the

Hindutva continues to occupy the most logical assumption that can be
imagination of political activists and made from the above passage?
public intellectuals
(a) Chip fabs are very thirsty units
(c) Militant assertion of one’s requiring millions of litres of clean
religious identity in the politico- water and extremely stable power
cultural domain has caused diverse supply.
forms of orthodoxy
(b) It is in the national interest to
(d) Religiosity as a quest is about treat chip manufacturing as a
going beyond the boundaries and strategic imperative.
identities
(c) Billions of dollars are required for
setting up semiconductor industry

Passage - 4 (d) Centrality of the chip-powered

computers and smartphones in
The challenge ahead, however, is
people’s lives is significant
fairly daunting. For one, the level of
fiscal support currently envisioned is
minuscule when one considers the
Passage - 5
scale of investments typically
required to set up manufacturing India’s negative vote at the UN
capacities in the various sub sectors Security Council (UNSC) on a draft
of the semiconductor industry. A resolution on climate change is a
semiconductor fabrication facility, or reflection of its long-held opposition
fab, can cost multiples of a billion to expanding the UNSC’s mandate
dollars to set up even on a relatively into areas that are already being
small scale and lagging by a dealt with by other multinational
generation or two behind the latest fora. The resolution, piloted by
in technology. Ireland and Niger and which had the
support of a majority of the UNSC
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

members, was voted down by India

and Russia — it has veto powers —
Passage - 6
while China abstained. Their position
is that the UNSC’s primary The marketing of unhealthy food and
responsibility is “maintenance of drink brings rich rewards – to those
international peace and security” and selling them. Children as young as
climate change-related issues are two years old can recognise brands
outside its ambit. But the supporters and, with regular reminders through
of the resolution argue that the brief marketing moments, can remain
climate is creating security risks in the brand loyal for the rest of their lives.
world, which will exacerbate in the Children interviewed as part of the
future with water shortage, migration Philippines study said that, although
and a destruction of livelihoods. they did not generally like adverts on
the internet, they did like ads for
Which among the following is the
burgers, pizza, fries, fried chicken,
most logical and rational inference
milk tea, doughnuts, and instant
from the above passage?
noodles, and they asked their parents
(a) Some countries are pushing to to buy these foods when they saw
include what they call “climate the ads.
security” in the agenda of the UNSC.
Q. With the reference of the above
(b) Bringing the issue under the UNSC passage, following assumptions have
will give more powers to the world’s been made
industrialised countries
1. Advertisements play an important
(c) It is wrong to look at climate role in the sales and promotions.
change through the prism of security.
2. Children are likely to be more
(d) The attempt to securitise the inclined towards the advertisements
climate change agenda could have related to food.
unintended consequences.
Choose the correct option
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) 1 Only 2. Good parenting is required in order

to save children from obesity.
B) 2 Only
choose the correct option
C) 1 and 2 Both
A) 1 only
D) None of these
B) 2 Only

C) 1 and 2 Both
Passage - 7
D) None of these
We are witnessing a transition from
active lifestyles and traditional
healthy fresh food diets to ever
Passage - 8
increasing consumption of highly
processed food and drink heavy in As we continue to deliver on our
unhealthy fat, sugar and salt. Rapidly ambitious climate agenda and help
increasing overweight in children is countries recover from the COVID
the alarming result. In 2000, less than crisis, we are identifying and
1 in 10 children in the region were prioritizing opportunities for high-
overweight; today it is 1 in 4 and impact climate action that enables
rising. It is easy to blame children or economic growth. This process
their families for this, but in truth the requires, among other things, strong
blame should be on the obesity- analytics and policy advice. A ground-
promoting environments that breaking core diagnostic tool that we
influence children’s diet and lifestyle. are introducing this year—the
Country Climate and Development
Q. With the reference of the above
Reports (CCDRs)—will help inform
passage, following assumptions have
country programs financed by the
been made
Bank Group, by governments
1. Overweight is an increasing trend themselves, and by other financiers
in the recent decades. to advance climate action while also
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

making progress on a country’s temperatures relative to those

broader development agenda. prevailing before the Industrial
Revolution. This limit can only be
Q. With the reference of the above
reached by drastically cutting carbon
passage, following assumptions have
emissions. The transition to a carbon-
been made
neutral economy requires raising the
1. Good climate action is required in environmental consciousness of firms
order to enable good economic and banks.
growth.
Q. This passage argues in favor of
2. CCDR is a new tool that will
A) Environmental risk-pricing by
mitigate the climate change.
banks
choose the correct option
B) Paris agreement target is not
A) 1 Only feasible to achieve

B) 2 Only C) Firms are becoming more

environmental consciousness
C) 1 and 2 Both
D) None of these
D) None of these

Passage - 10
Passage - 9
It was a struggle (by no means a class
Climate change is threatening the
struggle, as no class was ranged
future of the globe. Extreme weather
against another class but against
conditions have attracted the interest
specific policies) under an organic
of policy makers, who urge the need
leadership, relying on conviction, grit
to take action. The UN Climate
and tenacity. The movement thus
Change Paris conference in
managed to project a form of non-
December 2015 put forward a limit of
party politics, reminiscent of the
a 1.5°C increase in average global
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

fisherfolks’ struggle in Kerala in the

1980s. Additionally, the movement
was non-violent, despite the state
resorting to underhand and unethical
means (including efforts to divide it
along communal lines).

Q. This passage could be an excerpt

from

A) An opinion/editorial of the farmers

protest

B) Speech given by any pro

movement leader

C) A political speech

D) None of the above

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Forth statement is correct.

1. (d) 4. (c)

Answer is D Answer is Option C

First and second are extreme It is evident from the reading of the
statements. passage that option C is the correct
answer.
Third statement is not associated
with the passage. 5. (b)

2 (d) Answer is A

Answer is D Second statement and fourth

statement is incorrect because the
First and second statements are
passage does not talk about the
incorrect because the passage does
consequences of bringing the climate
not talk about the governments.
issue under the UNSC.
Third is an extreme statement.
Third statement is clearly incorrect.
3. (d)
Even if you are still confused you can
Answer is D read the first and last lines of the
passage. Clearly the answer is A.
First statement is not correct because
there is no mention of disadvantages 6. (c)
of priestcraft and regionalism.
Answer is Option C
Second statement is a correct
It is evident from the reading of the
assumption but not the central idea
passage that both the two statement
of the passage.
are in the context of the passage and
Third statement is incorrect because hence true to be assumed.
in the passage there is no indication
7 (a)
of militancy of any religion.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Answer is Option A Refer to the statement "This limit can

only be reached by drastically cutting
Statement 2 is not a valid option to
carbon emissions. The transition to a
assume as it is not the bad parenting
carbon-neutral economy requires
which is causing the problem, rather
raising the environmental
it is the environment which is being
consciousness of firms and banks."
made by the food industry and it is
promoting obesity. 10. (a)

8 (a) Answer is Option A

Answer is Option A It is easy to identify and option A is

the most suitable answer
Refer to the statement"A ground-
breaking core diagnostic tool that we
are introducing this year—the
Country Climate and Development
Reports (CCDRs)—will help inform
country programs financed by the
Bank Group, by governments
themselves, and by other financiers
to advance climate action while also
making progress on a country’s
broader development agenda."

this shows that CCDR is just a

analytical tool not a operational tool
to mitigate the climate change.

9. (a)

Answer is Option A.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the

Day - 27 most logical and rational inference
Directions for the following 10 (ten) from the above passage?
items: (a) There is no justification to raise
Read the following passages and the age of marriage
answer the items that follow. Your (b) Criminalisation of youth sexuality
answers to these questions should be has wreaked havoc in the lives of the
based on the passage only. young.
Passage - 1 (c) Making all sex under the age of 18
While children born to adolescent years a crime denies recognition of
mothers have higher prevalence of youth sexuality
stunting and low weight, experts (d) Increasing the age of marriage
argue that the underlying cause is appears be a non-promising solution
poverty. There is also a need to for women's health issues
improve access to education, skill
training and employment
opportunities which are some of the Passage - 2
barriers for girls in pursuing higher
education. It is also important to Globalisation has been central to
ensure a safe environment free from India’s growth. A more active
the constant threat of rape and regional and international role for
sexual assault which is why girls are India is incompatible with a position
married off early. A legislation to on the margins of the global
increase age of marriage is not economy. Self-reliance in today’s
needed for this purpose. This world and technologies can only be
measure is superficial and does not realised as part of the global
go to the root of the problems faced economy. We should not imitate
by young women. China’s claims to being a civilisational
state and its adoption of victimhood.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Instead we should affirm our own is a ‘necessity’, ‘complementary

strength and historic national strategy’ to dietary diversity,
identity. ‘effective’ and more loudly now, that
it is ‘safe’. The simple fact is that iron
What is the central message of the
is not safe in excess; it is an oxidant
passage?
with a variety of ill-effects. Just
(a) India could be the primary source because a ‘tolerable upper limit was
of both prosperity and security in the proposed for its intake, any intake
neighbourhood less than this was thought to be safe.
But no longer. We must think of the
(b) The uncertainty and changing
long-term risk for other diseases, not
geopolitical environment clearly pose
the toxicological approach of looking
considerable challenges to Indian
at acute clinical symptoms, like
policy
stomach pain. This is because we now
(c) There is an increasing possibility of know that iron increases the risk for
working with partners in the many non-communicable diseases
developing world building broader like diabetes, hypertension and even
coalitions on issues of common high blood cholesterol.
interest.
With the reference of the above
(d) While lessening dependence on passage, the following assumptions
China, and seeking external have been made :
engagement, we have to also
1. Iron deficiency in the Indian diet is
concentrate on self-strengthening.
not a universal problem

2. Given what we now know about

Passage - 3 the risks associated with too much
iron, the proclamation of safety must
Many things have been said about
be made carefully.
the necessity for mandatory iron
fortification of foods in India. That it Choose the correct option
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) 1 only (a) Evidence suggests that not all

companies live up to their lofty
(b) 2 only
promises.
(c) Both of them
(b) Investors are seeking to align
(d) Neither of them social and financial returns

(c) Estimates of India’s carbon budget

must factor in early emissions spent
Passage - 4
to the detriment of its economic
While India remains in charge of its progress.
destiny, the process of
(d) A low carbon pathway must take
transformation has been set in
into consideration the costs to
motion. This is seen for companies in
workers and consumers.
high carbon value chains —
automobiles, cement and steel —
that have committed to sustainable
Passage - 5
practices. This shift in thinking is in
part the result of pressure from The main attraction of blockchain as
investors to acknowledge the long a record-keeping database is that it is
ignored social costs of profits. immutable: once a block is created
Companies under varied regulatory and put in the chain, there is no
regimes are now required to disclose possibility of tampering with it.
their non-financial performance on However, a database has many other
environment, social and governance requirements apart from being
indicators. Although, their objective tamper-proof. For one, it should be
and consistent application may be possible to query a database. There is
questioned. no easy way to query a blockchain
database. Each block in the chain only
Which among the following is the
saves the Hash value of the earlier
most logical assumption that can be
block. For example, when a patient’s
made from the above passage?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

medical records are stored in a babysitting to an educational one.

blockchain database, it would be a Early Childhood Care and
time-consuming and difficult job to Development (ECCD) centers are
retrieve information when it is critical components of early
required urgently. stimulation in that they foster the
creative, intellectual and social
Which among the following is the
development of young minds. Today,
most logical assumption that can be
the Ministry of Education plays an
made from the above passage?
important regulatory role formulating
(a) The exchange of fiat currencies policies and standards while
between two parties does not need establishing community-based ECCD
third-party verification. centers. These centers are attached
to mainstream schools in the area so
(b) In order to achieve higher
children graduating from the centers
scalability, a cryptocurrency will have
can enroll into the schools, thereby
to assemble more validators
ensuring continuity. Most of these
(c) Cryptocurrencies would be the centers are supported by UNICEF and
riskiest asset to hold for any to some extent by Save the Children.
reasonable period of time.
Q. With the reference of the above
(d) None of the above passage, following assumptions have
been done.
Passage - 6
1. Early stimulation of some critical
From just a few centers in 2008,
components is crucial for holistic
Bhutan now has 165 Early Childhood
development of mind.
Care and Development centers,
including those run by private, non- 2. In Bhutan, ECCD playing a major
governmental organizations and role in improving the educational
corporations. What initially came status.
about as a daycare system has today
choose the correct option
moved away from the concept of
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) 1 Only leaving just a smelly wasteland,

useless for growing crops.
B) 2 Only
Q. With the reference of the above
C) 1 and 2 Both
passage, following assumptions have
D) None of the above been made

1. Due to its topography, Kiribati is

facing a dual problem
Passage - 7
2. Climate change led to the lost of
Although there are no rivers in
vegetation and inundated land.
Kiribati, there is a thin layer of fresh
water you can dig down to access. choose the correct option
But it’s reliant on rain, and the
A) 1 Only
rainfall can be quite erratic. It’s one
of the potential impacts of climate B) 2 Only
change on Kiribati. Kiribati doesn’t
C) None of these
just have to deal with sea levels
rising, drought is predicted to D) 1 and 2 Both
increase, and so is the intensity and
frequency of extreme rainfall. So
they’ll have more droughts, but when Passage - 8
it does rain it’ll be more intense,
While much has been achieved to
flooding out these small low-lying
improve the conditions for children in
islands. Because they’re so flat the
the camps, there are still many gaps
water just sits on top and can
to fill, especially as monsoon season
become a health hazard. The islands
is fast approaching. Bangladesh is
are already being affected by climate
prone to cyclones and torrential
change. I visited one atoll where the
rains, and the area where the refugee
sea had come in and inundated the
camps are situated is particularly
land. The vegetation was all gone,
vulnerable. Due to the lack of space,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

many huts have been built on much environmental activism by

dangerous slopes and are at risk of youth used the potential of these
being washed away during the rains. digital spaces. However, it has also
The future for the refugees in the left them vulnerable to digital
camps, it appears, looks dim. And surveillance, harassment and other
indeed, during my time in the camps, forms of slow violence.
I witnessed a lot of hardship and
Q. The essential message of the
suffering. But amidst it all there is
above passage is
also hope.
A) Surveillance is used as a slow
Q. This passage argues in favor of
violence against young activists.
A) Desperate need to address the
B) Youth facing high risk of being
situation in refugees camps
surveil lanced
B) Many gaps to fill in the
C) Many states lack adequate
arrangements of refugee camps
legislation and enforcement
C) Togetherness in work needed to mechanisms to prevent arbitrary or
make refugee camps more unlawful interference.
functionable
D) None of these
D) None of the above

Passage - 10
Passage - 9
Like many other companies in the
Surveillance tactics can be SIPRI Top 100, both BAE Systems and
particularly detrimental for young EADS currently pursue corporate
activists. Young people crowd digital strategies to maintain and expand
spaces to develop their identities and sales in markets outside the United
express political stances. Even before States and Western Europe. These
the pandemic, it was natural that strategies have been developed in
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

response to proposed and actual

military spending cuts in the Global
North. The significance of the
proposed merger is that it would
provide each company with access to
the other’s already established
footholds in Australia, Brazil, India
and the Middle East.

Q. This passage seems to be an

excerpt from

A) Commentary on a merger of two

big arms producing companies

B) Global competitiveness report

related to arms production

C) Speech given in an International

forum

D) None of these
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions First statement is out of context and

hence incorrect.
1. (d)
4. (b)
Answer is D
Answer is B
Refer to the last lines of the passage
Refer to these lines of the passage
2 (d)
"This shift in thinking is in part the
Answer is D result of pressure from investors to
acknowledge the long ignored social
First statement is incorrect because
costs of profits. Companies under
the passage does not indicate about
varied regulatory regimes are now
the India as the primary source of
required to disclose their non-
prosperity and security in the
financial performance on
neighborhood.
environment, social and governance
Second statement is also incorrect as indicators."
the passage does not talk about the
5. (d)
challenges to Indian policy. It talks
about the necessity is and Answer is D
opportunities for India.
All the above passage are not related
Third statement is incorrect the to the passage.
passage talks about the possibility of
6. (a)
working with partners but not
particularly with developing world. Answer is Option A

Fourth statement seems to be Statement 2 is out of the context of

present a 'central message' of the the passage, hence not valid to be
passage. assumed.

3. (b) .

Answer is B 7 (d)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Answer is Option D

As both the statement are in the

context of the passage and refer to
the statement " Because they’re so
flat the water just sits on top and can
become a health hazard"

8 (a)

Answer is Option A

Option A and the language of the

above passage are showing a
cohesion and hence it is the correct
option.

9 (a)

Answer is Option A

Option A provides the essential

message of the above passage.

10. (b)

Answer is Option B

Option B is the correct answer and in

this type of question the careful
reading of the given text is required
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which of the following statement/s

Day - 28 the author is most likely to agree
Directions for the following 10 (ten) with?
items: (a) Phase out non-banks who don’t
Read the following passages and conduct much business or don’t have
answer the items that follow. Your proven track record within a certain
answers to these questions should be timeframe.
based on the passage only. (b) One-size-fits-all supervision does
Passage - 1 not work in an interconnected world.

Over the past decades, we have (c) As pragmatic policy-making, it

accumulated various categories of would be useful to accept the futility
banking licences. With the original of licences when they have not
intent of serving specific consumer helped the intended cause.
segments or consumer needs having (d) We would need to double credit
either gotten diluted—even absent growth or the banking sector’s size to
now—and, in cases, remaining unmet help achieve the $5-trillion-economy
despite years of licensing, such goal.
licensing continues to accumulate
rust in the system and burden the
regulatory supervision task, with Passage - 2
neither ease of banking nor improved
credit-access to the consumers. As a All the statistics point toward women
nation, we are moving from physical being excellent borrowers, and
to Phygital and from physical candidates for entrepreneurship
distribution of banking to a hybrid funding. Putting more capital in the
mode; let’s get our licensing norms hands of women micro-
simple. entrepreneurs, a highly underserved
segment, will help them dream big,
and grow faster. Yet, millions of
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

unbanked women micro-

entrepreneurs are unable to access
Passage - 3
institutional finance. Neo banks have
a real opportunity, here, to create Giving farmers their right to choose
access for women micro- best technologies and best markets is
entrepreneurs, earmark and facilitate fundamental to robust functioning of
hassle-free dissemination of funds. agri-systems and augmenting
The financial needs of women micro- farmers’ incomes. But in a democratic
entrepreneurs, must be understood, system, policies are not always
and catered to, specifically. framed on scientific basis. They are
often influenced by various lobbies,
Which among the following is the
including politicians who, at election
most logical and rational inference
times, offer freebies like free
from the above passage?
electricity, farm loan waivers as
(a) In a country like India, women are ‘doles for votes’. This short-
discouraged from taking a proactive sightedness results in sub-optimal or
interest in financial awareness and even irrational policy choices, which,
agency, from childhood. in due course, harm the economy,
environment, and even farmers.
(b) India ranks third-highest in the
entrepreneurship gender gap across Which among the following is the
the world. most logical assumption that can be
made from the above passage?
(c) Despite being calculated risk-
takers, women across the (a) The best way to support
entrepreneurship pyramid receive agriculture in a sustainable and
extremely limited funding. competitive manner is to invest in
agri-R&D.
(d) In past decades, owning a bank
account was considered a major (b) With granaries overflowing with
benchmark for women. rice and wheat, there is the need to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

rethink and redesign the With the reference of the above

procurement policy. passage, the following assumptions
have been made :
(c) A per hectare income-support
policy, with better identification of 1. One focus area should be
tenants and owners through deepening the debt market for green
transparent land records could investments through appropriate
transform the agriculture credit enhancement

(d) None of the above 2. The energy transition will need

volumes of capital that are many
multiples of how much the financial
Passage - 4 system has been able to deliver thus
far
There are two fuels for any economy:
energy and finance. The energy 3. India could start routing deals for
transition that India has committed other emerging economies through
to won’t be possible without its financial institutions.
commensurate flows of capital at
4. Transition finance is needed in
unprecedented scale and pace.
developed countries to accelerate a
Changes will be needed in the
phase down of fossil fuel
financial ecosystem, in how projects
infrastructure.
are rated, how green finance is
certified, and in the policy framework Choose the correct option
to make investments in new energy
(a) 1 and 2 only
sectors attractive. In the process,
India could aim to become a hub of (b) 1, 2 and 3 only
sustainable finance for emerging
(c) 2 and 3 only
economies.
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 5 (b) Influential fashion brands have

woken up to ethical alternatives to
However, we take pride as the
leather and fur.
world’s tannery, producing 3 billion
square feet of leather annually, (c) With our large leather industry,
enough to make three pairs of the implications on environment
footwear for every Indian. Animal could be significant.
rights activists, public health experts,
(d) Consumer preferences and
and ecologists have frequently
industry trends are changing rapidly.
pointed out the adverse
environmental and public health
impact of tanneries. In a typical
Passage - 6
process, a series of chemicals
successively alters the original In contrast, in India, even the reasons
composition of the hide. For for providing the exemption are not
example, alkalis help break down and required to be tabled in Parliament.
remove non-fibrous proteins in the In fact, the order invoking the
skin. Thereafter, the hide is “pickled” exemption is not a gazetted
in sulphuric acid and other chemicals. notification and will likely be exempt
Later still, chromium sulphate is used from RTI proceedings. Hence, the
to tan the hide, followed by a second government can, without any
tanning with vegetable or synthetic oversight, exempt its own
tannins to soften the leather. Each departments or ministries from the
stage results in effluents being application of the Data Protection law
released into the environment. in perpetuity.

Which among the following is the Q. Which among the following is the
most logical assumption that can be most logical corollary to the above
made from the above passage? passage?

(a) Synthetic biology is revolutionising A) Data protection law is necessary to

leather. protect the privacy of citizens
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) Government's exemption is a in the public domain, clearly indicates

safeguard to government itself. its representativeness.

C) Increasing exemptions in Data Q. With the reference of the above

protection law will make it annul. passage, following assumptions have
been made
D) India is practicing differently from
other nations. 1. Surveys need to be more specific
and clear in terms of analytical
approach.
Passage - 7
2. The design of NFHS needs a change
Considering the overwhelming to make it more representable.
anxiety over the reported sex ratio of
choose the correct option
a surveyed population, it is pertinent
to clarify the limitation of A) 1 Only
generalisations, and caution against
B) 2 Only
drawing firm conclusions while also
showing how these surveys help C) 1 and 2 Both
understand certain trends. First, a
D) None of these
population sex ratio based on a
surveyed population may not always
be a replacement for the sex ratio
Passage - 8
obtained in a complete enumeration.
Second, the progress in sex ratio as As cities grow, and we become an
evidenced by the comparison increasingly urban species, there is an
between the last and the latest round integral need to balance between the
of NFHS clearly conveys the human and natural systems at play.
improving sex ratio situation in the It’s tough to evaluate the impact of
country. The design of the NFHS, urbanization on communities,
explicated in all final reports that are climate, and the environment, and
identify future needs and focus areas
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

without a standard assessment population stabilisation strategy must

framework. The Urban Sustainability be adjusted keeping in mind the
Assessment Framework (USAF) rights of women and girls. Women
developed under the Sustainable must have a greater say in choosing
Cities Integrated Approach Pilot their family size. Prescriptive or
(SCIAP) project, implemented by coercive methods, such as one- or
UNIDO and UN-Habitat, is an two-child norms, have rarely worked
important first step in this direction. well anywhere for long. It goes
without saying that for women and
Q. The passage seems to suggests
girls, the empowerment to make
that
choices leads to better health
A) Sustainable Cities for Climate outcomes, such as knowing how to
Resilience prevent unintended pregnancy or
giving birth with the help of a skilled
B) There needs to be an immediate
birth attendant.
decoupling of economic growth from
environmental degradation Q.The main idea of the passage is:

C) Amidst the recovery from A) Challenging negative social norms

pandemic-issued shutdowns, there is
B) India's Developmental goals
a generational opportunity to put
climate action and clean energy. C) India population growth is
stabilsing
D) None of the above
D) None of the above

Passage - 9
Passage - 10
Changing social norms is one of the
biggest challenges for India to Why do people prefer open
address the needs of the next defecation and not want toilets or, if
generation. For example, India’s they have them, only use them
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

sometimes? Recent research shown

two critical elements: ideas of purity
and pollution, and not wanting pits or
septic tanks to fill because they have
to be emptied. These are the issues
that nobody wants to talk about, but
if we want to eradicate the practice
of open defecation, they have to be
confronted and dealt properly.

Q. Which among the following is the

most crucial message conveyed by
the above passage?

A) The ideas of purity and pollution

are deep rooted and it is tough to
remove them from the minds of the
people.

B) People have to perceive toilet use

and pit-emptying as clean and not
polluting.

C) People cannot change their old

habits.

D) People have neither civic sense

nor sense of privacy.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions 4. (b)

1. (c) Answer is B

Answer is C First statement is correct as in the

whole passage mentions about the
It is the central message of the
creation of credit enhancement and
passage
other instruments.
2 (c)
Second statement is correct. Refer to
Answer is C these lines of the passage. "The
energy transition that India has
First statement is clearly incorrect as
committed to won’t be possible
there is no indication in the passage.
without commensurate flows of
Second statement is also incorrect as capital at unprecedented scale and
there is no such data mentioned in pace."
the passage.
Third statement is correct. Refer to
Third statement is correct. Refer to these lines of the passage "India
these lines of the passage "All the could aim to become a hub of
statistics point toward women being sustainable finance for emerging
excellent borrowers...." and "Yet, economies."
millions of unbanked women micro-
Forth statement is incorrect because
entrepreneurs are unable to access
there is no indication regarding
institutional finance"
developed countries in the passage.
Fourth statement is clearly incorrect.
5. (c)
3. (d)
Answer is C
Answer is D
Rest are out of context.
First is an extreme statement and
6. (c)
rest are out of context.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Answer is Option C Rest all other options are out of the

context of the passage hence option
Option C provides the best and most
A is the correct answer
logical corollary of the above passage
as the passage is talking about the 10. (a)
effect of exemptions on Data
Answer is Option A
protection law.
This is the most positive approach to
7 (a)
the situation. The very fact that you
Answer is Option 1 are open to an enquiry being
conducted on the matter proves that
Refer to the statement " it is
you are honest. It reveals your
pertinent to clarify the limitation of
willingness to cooperate with the
generalisations, and caution against
authorities. Only a courageous
drawing firm conclusions while also
person will be willing to undergo such
showing how these surveys help
painful process.
understand certain trends" it
validates the assumption of
statement 1 while statement 2 is out
of the context of the passage as there
is no where mentioned that there is
fault in the design of NFHS.

8 (a)

Answer is Option A

Option A is the idea what is being

discussed in the passage and hence is
the correct answer

9 (a)

Answer is Option A
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) Effect of Pandemic is unequal and

Day - 29 subject to various factors
Directions for the following 10 (ten) B) Girls are more effected by the
items: Pandemic than boys
Read the following passages and C) Temporary lack of access to
answer the items that follow. Your education needs to be addressed
answers to these questions should be urgently
based on the passage only.
D) Digital learning is a biased tool to
Passage - 1 impart education
Life does not freeze during a
pandemic. Some children have
benefited from digital learning Passage - 2
modalities, while others have had all In low- and middle-income countries,
learning opportunities removed. Girls more than 50 per cent of women are
in particular face more pressure than offline, and women are 20 per cent
boys to prioritize household chores less likely than men to own a smart
and family care. And the fact is, even phone. Even in middle- and higher-
temporary lack of access makes it income countries, the digital divide
difficult to re-enter education. School persists: Only 14 per cent of girls who
closures due to the COVID-19 were top performers in science or
pandemic could drive 20 million more mathematics expected to work in
secondary school-aged girls out of science and engineering, compared
school after the crisis has passed to 26 per cent of top-performing
around the world. Already, there are boys. And in a recent survey of
indications of a gender gap in re- 14,000 girls in 31 countries, more
enrolment. than half (58 per cent) had been
Q. What does this passage imply? harassed and abused online.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q. With the reference of the above palatable. Conflicts over resources

passage, following assumptions have like water are often cloaked in the
been made guise of identity or ideology

1. Digital environment is unsafe for Q. What does the above passage

women and girls making it difficult imply?
for them to continue their learning
A) Resource based conflicts are
2. Digital divide widens with the always politically motivated
widening of economic divide.
B) There are no political solutions to
Choose the correct option resolve environmental and resource
based conflicts
A) 1 Only
C) Environmental issues contribute to
B) 2 Only
resource stresses and political
C) 1 and 2 Both conflicts.

D) None of these D) Political conflicts based on identity

or ideology cannot be solved.

Passage - 3
Passage - 4
What climate change will undeniably
do is cause or amplify events that In India, home to one-third of the
hasten the reduction of resources. world’s stunted, strategies such as
Competition over these diminishing prolonged lockdowns are likely to
resources would ensue in the form of aggravate economic-distress-linked
political or even violent conflict. malnutrition rates. These are critical
Resource based conflicts have rarely times for everyone, especially infants,
been overt and are thus difficult to young children, and women. Young
isolate. Instead they take on veneers children are rendered vulnerable by
that appear more politically the virtue of lack of autonomy and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

decision-making power. It has been Given the increasing wave of cyber-

established that in environments attacks, data security should also be
where food constraint is on priority. Some countries, including
predominant, inequitable the United States, have announced
intrafamilial food distribution is the new telemedicine regulations. Other
leading causes of child malnutrition. countries will make their decision in
Additionally, infectious diseases such the coming weeks to include
as diarrhoea and pneumonia pose a telemedicine as a Standard Operating
far greater threat than Covid-19 procedure (SOP) for the prevention
itself. and treatment of COVID-19. We'll
continue to see more examples of the
Q. This passage seems to suggest that
use and integration of telemedicine
A) Addressing malnutrition among solutions with other technologies.
vulnerable groups to prevent long Hence, there is no doubt that it's
term consequences on national already high time to recognize
economy telemedicine as a mandatory
technology for responding to the
B) In the longer term, policy reforms
current pandemic.
may be needed to ensure optimal
nutrition for one and all Q. The main idea of the passage is

C) A rapid assessment of acute A) Telemedicine is a blessing in

malnutrition using non-touch disguise
methods needs to scale up
B) adopting telemedicine can help
D) Migrant workers in India, putting minimise this risk by reducing the
their families at risk of poverty, food number of personal interactions.
insecurity, malnutrition, and
C) Telemedicine can have a direct
mortality.
impact on flattening the demand
curve for health systems across the
country.
Passage - 5
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) None of the above experimented with and tested in

practice

Which among the following is the

Passage - 6
most logical assumption that can be
Recent estimates suggest that if the made from the above passage?
current pattern of demand continues,
(a) It is possible to improve the
about half of the national demand for
current forecasting methods by using
water will remain unmet by 2030.
satellite-based information for better
With water tables falling and water
estimates of rainfall and snowmelt.
quality deteriorating, a radical change
is needed in the approach to water (b) Construction and mining activities
management, especially because must be banned in designated eco-
today, more than ever before, the sensitive hotspots and strictly
past is no longer a reliable indicator regulated in catchment areas.
of what is to come. Changing patterns
(c) The invaluable eco-system
and intensity of precipitation, as also
services provided by catchment areas
rates of discharge of rivers, show that
in mountain and forest regions need
it can no longer be assumed that the
to be urgently recognised, valued and
water cycle operates within an
protected.
invariant range of predictability. This
requires greater emphasis on agility, (d) None of the above.
resilience and flexibility in water
management, so that there could be
an adequate response to the Passage - 7
heightened uncertainty and
Hence, majoritarianism should be
unpredictability of the future. We
replaced by pluralism which
need new design-driven approaches,
promotes peaceful coexistence of
which are able to foresee incalculable
diversities through the spirit of
outcomes and provide novel,
accommodation as well as solidarity.
alternative solutions to be
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

India has served as an exemplar of violated. Section 18 of the Protection

multicultural democracy. Let us not of Human Rights Act empowers the
deny ourselves that uniqueness with Human Rights Commission to
a narrow and limited mechanism of “recommend” to the concerned
majoritarianism. government to grant compensation
to the victim, to initiate prosecution
Which among the following is the
against the erring state authorities, to
most logical assumption that can be
grant interim relief, and to take
made from the above passage?
various other steps. The key question
(a) The majority principle militates revolves around the meaning of the
against federalism word “recommend.” According to
one set of judgments, this word
(b) Religious and linguistic diversity
needs to be taken in its ordinary
are integral to Indian society
sense. To “recommend” means to
(c) From time to time, depending on “put forward” or to “suggest”
the issue, the political majority is something or someone as being
constructed as well as deconstructed. suitable for some purpose. Ordinarily,
a mere “suggestion” is not binding.
(d) Indiscriminate use of the
majoritarian principle leads to Which among the following is the
domination and prejudice. most logical and rational inference
from the above passage?

(a) The Act needs to be amended in

Passage - 8
order to make it a self-contained and
The controversy before the Madras self-sufficient code
High Court stems from the issue of
(b) The use of the word
what is to be done after the Human
‘recommendation’ has time and again
Rights Commission completes its
been abused by government
enquiry, and reaches a conclusion
that human rights have been
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) There is often a gap between the majority of the 95 per cent who take
ordinary meanings of words, and the up sport and are categorised as
meanings that they have within legal failures — often, unfairly so. The
frameworks. belief that unless you are winning,
you are not a champion is a fallacy.
(d) The status of the Human Rights
The very fact of participating in sport
Commission should be elevated to
makes you a champion and it’s time
that of a judicial body
to recognise that.

Passage - 9
Which among the following is/are the
The improvement in parental logical and rational inference(s) from
support, the expansion of the above passage?
government and corporate
1. A majority of 95 per cent who are
programmes such as Khelo India, Fit
equally invested in the sport as
India, and TOPS, and the overall
passionate sportsman, deserve their
social acceptance of sports as a
gleaming place under the sun.
career has ushered in a welcome
paradigm. However, we sorely lack 2. It is important to expand the
cognisance of those on the flip side of definition of sporting success to end
this winning equation. The complete the cycle of silent tears and self-
lack of definition about what makes a doubt
successful sports career further
3. At some point, we know that we
exacerbates this situation. Currently,
are not going to be in that top 5 per
all our energies in India remain
cent and that is the time it is
focused on the elite 5 per cent, who
important to gracefully move out.
fit into the existing definition of
success without having any clear off- 4. Over the last decade, India has
ramps or slip roads to get off the taken to sport with unprecedented
elevated sports freeway for the fervour.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Choose from the following options that New Delhi too reaches out and
shapes its own trajectory in
(a) 1 and 2 only
Myanmar.
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
Which of the following statement(s),
(c) 2 only the author is likely to agree with:

(d) 1 only 1. Myanmar’s army seems to have

ceased bothering about the rhetoric
from the West.
Passage - 10
2. Given the regional complexities, as
New Delhi, of course, has vital well as India's own concerns, a more
interests in Myanmar that it would nuanced approach is needed
like to protect and enhance. While
3. India has to support army in
the West has made democracy the
Myanmar to address Indian concerns
sole prism of its Myanmar policy,
as well as to make it a stakeholder
India doesn’t have that luxury. Much
that can deliver on the democratic
like most other immediate
front
neighbours of Myanmar, India has
been keen to push back against the 4. The role of Myanmar’s army would
Myanmar military’s authoritarian be key to the unfolding of any
tendencies even as its multiple democratic transition there, so an
interests have ensured that it keeps active engagement by India would be
its channels of communication open needed.
with all stakeholders. While the West
Choose from the following options
continues to condemn and sanction,
China is investing and pulling (a) 1 and 3 only
Myanmar into its orbit. The US has
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
continued to use the overused threat
of ever more sanctions, though to (c) 2 and 4 only
little avail. It is, therefore, imperative
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(d) All of the above.

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions This passage illustrates the

environmental issues contributing to
1. (a)
resource stresses and political
Answer is Option A conflict.

This passage is discussing the effect 4. (b)

of pandemic on various points and its
Answer is option B
causes and same is being stated in
Option A. Other options might be in Option B is the correct option of the
context of the passage but they fail to above question
cover the every aspect of the
5. (a)
passage. Hence option A is true
Answer is Option A
2 (c)
Rest all other options are specific and
Both the statements are true Refer to
relates only to certain points in
the statement " In low- and middle-
particular while option A is providing
income countries, more than 50 per
us the actual message what this
cent of women are offline, and
passage is conveying. so it is the
women are 20 per cent less likely
correct answer.
than men to own a smart phone.
Even in middle- and higher-income 6. (d)
countries, the digital divide persists:
7 (b)
Only 14 per cent of girls who were
top performers in science or Answer is B
mathematics expected to work in
First statement is incorrect as there is
science and engineering, compared
no mention of relation between
to 26 per cent of top-performing
majority principle and federalism.
boys"
Second statement is correct. Refer to
3. (c)
these lines of the passage "India has
Answer is Option C
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

served as an exemplar of author suggests only an active

multicultural democracy." engagement with army. Also refer to
these lines of the passage "India has
Third statement is out of context and
been keen to push back against the
hence incorrect.
Myanmar military’s authoritarian
Forth statement is an extreme tendencies"
statement and hence incorrect.

8 (c)

Rest all statements are nowhere

indicated in the passage.

9 (a)

Answer is A

Third statement is not indicated

anywhere in the passage and hence
incorrect.

Fourth statement is out of context.

10. (c)

Answer is C

First statement is incorrect as there is

no mention that Myanmar has not
been affected to pressures from the
west apart from US.

Third statement is incorrect as there

is no mention that India have to
"support" army in Myanmar. The
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

of autonomous weapon
Day - 30 technologies?
Directions for the following 10 (ten) (a) The problem here is that
items: machines will make errors and
Read the following passages and humans won’t.
answer the items that follow. Your (b) Asymmetric wars are likely to
answers to these questions should be become more common.
based on the passage only.
(c) There will be war crimes with no
Passage - 1 war criminals to hold accountable.
Meanwhile, human rights and (d) We can't reach consensus on
humanitarian organizations are racing autonomous weapon technologies
to establish regulations and ban.
prohibitions on such weapons
development. Without such checks,
foreign policy experts warn that Passage - 2
disruptive autonomous weapons
technologies will dangerously We all know that Father Christmas
destabilize current nuclear strategies, would struggle to deliver presents to
both because they could radically everyone around the world without
change perceptions of strategic the help of his magical reindeer. But
dominance, increasing the risk of why were they chosen to pull the
preemptive attacks, and because sleigh rather than any other animal?
they could be combined with It turns out that the biology of
chemical, biological, radiological and reindeer makes them ideal for the
nuclear weapons themselves. job. Reindeer live in the Arctic, where
temperatures on long winter nights
According to the passage, what is often plummet below -30 degrees
likely to be a result of of proliferation Celsius. Unlike most mammals, which
only have one layer of fur, reindeer
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

have two: a dense underfur beneath at the centres of galaxies and are still
a blanket of hollow guard hairs. growing in size. If materials such as
Reindeer can have up to 2,000 hairs gas, dust or stars get too close to a
packed into a single square black hole, it gets sucked in by the
centimetre, making it ten times as enormous gravitational force. As it
dense as human hair. falls towards the black hole, it heats
up and becomes incredibly bright.
Which among the following is the
The “supermassive” black holes can
most logical and rational inference
have a mass of up to a billion Suns.
from the above passage?
The black hole at the centre of our
(a) Millions of years of natural own Milky Way galaxy – called
selection have prepared reindeer for Sagittarius A*, whose discovery
Christmas Eve. received the 2020 Nobel Prize in
Physics – is fairly calm.
(b) Their domestication and long
relationship with humans means they The light produced by the “bright
are well accustomed to pulling black holes” can span the entire
sleighs. electromagnetic spectrum, from X-
rays to radio waves. Another name
(c) Reindeer are the only
for the bright black holes at the
domesticated species of deer.
centre of galaxies is “active galactic
(d) As reindeer can essentially see in nuclei”, or AGN. They can shine
the dark, it makes them perfect for trillions of times brighter than the
guiding Santa on his journey through Sun, and can sometimes even
the night. outshine all the stars in its galaxy.

Which among the following is the

most logical assumption that can be
Passage - 3
made from the above passage?
While black holes come in many
different sizes, the biggest ones are
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) We have identified all the active on the environment and the people
galactic nuclei across cosmic time in involved in the production.” Fast
our galaxy samples fashion brands, big or small, are
innovating to respond to aspirational
(b) We can now measure not just the
Indian consumers, which is leading to
properties and histories of the stars
more textile waste. “As a response to
in the galaxy, but also the brightness
fast fashion and its wastefulness, the
of its central black hole.
concept of upcycling textile waste has
(c) Despite the name, not all black begun to trickle down through many
holes are black, there are some bright layers of the fashion world,”
ones
With the reference of the above
(d) Bith (b) and (c) passage, the following assumptions
have been made :

1. The idea of sustainability cannot be

Passage - 4
just enforced by manufacturers, it
Fast fashion is based on the idea of also depends on customers to be
creating a false demand for fresh conscious about their choices
looks so that more clothes are
2. The maximum textile waste is
produced for sale,” she added. “But
generated at factory floors.
when the clothes are not sold, there
is massive wastage. The unsold 3. Traditional wear, have a cultural
clothes end up in garbage dumps and and sentimental value and will never
create a cycle of contamination.” go out of fashion.

The problem is that much of the cost 4. Excitement for new items or trends
of fast fashion is not reflected in the have overtaken the quality aspects.
price tag,” she said. “All of the
Choose the correct options
elements of fast fashion – over
production, low quality, competitive (a) 1 only
pricing – have a detrimental impact
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(b) 1, 3 and 4 only startups has had a record-breaking

year, thanks to foreign venture
(c) 4 only
capitals and a small but growing local
(d) 1 and 4 only industry.

. Which of the following can be implied

by the above passage?

(a) Foreign investors are tapering

Passage - 5
down China commitments and
Chinese investments in Indian diverting funds to India
startups grew 12-fold between 2016
(b) India’s startup ecosystem is not so
and 2019. By then, Jack Ma’s Alibaba
completely dependent on the China’s
and its fintech affiliate Ant Financial
headline-grabbing investments.
had invested in at least six Indian
startups, five of which became (c) India’s young demographic,
unicorns – billion-dollar private untapped internet audience,
companies – and Tencent had backed burgeoning startup sector, and more,
a further 12, of which seven achieved has long made it a desirable
unicorn status. At the time, at least investment destination for all.
18 of India’s 30 unicorns were backed
(d) India’s bright new companies
by Chinese investors. However, in
have not benefited from Chinese
2020, cracks started appearing in the
involvement.
investment relationship between the
frenemies, and since then Indian
startups have largely moved away
Passage - 6
from Chinese venture capital.
While we need to monitor data for
Despite some serious political issues,
programmatic evaluation and
Indian startups did not suffer from a
correction, the question is, what type
funding crunch. Even without Chinese
of data do we need to help starving
money, total funding for Indian
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

children? Is it data on how much food (d) There has been tardy progress in
is supplied, served and consumed or reducing undernutrition, wasting and
data on what went wrong and the stunting.
prevalence of weight loss and growth
stagnation? Do we need output or
impact data or input and process Passage - 7
data with their quality parameters?
India has been a promoter of green
We need to monitor the input and
energy to reduce carbon emission.
process indicators. That is how we
Although the country is yet to
can rectify past mistakes. Data
significantly transit to renewable
generated quickly can lead to mid-
energy, accounting only 22.5% of
course corrections. Data-driven
nationwide electricity production,
planning and strategies lead to good
India has been leading the global
governance with accountability.
movement towards solar power. The
Which among the following is the country cofounded the International
most logical and critical inference Solar Alliance (ISA) along with France
that can be made from the passage? – an alliance with more than 120
countries to promote solar energy. To
(a) Many established surveys seem to
strengthen India’s stand for
have methodological errors.
renewable energy like solar energy,
(b) Real-time monitoring of the Public India has signed to the Glasgow
Distribution System (PDS) will go a Breakthrough Agenda in this year’s
long way in ensuring food at the COP26 along with over 35 other
family level. nations to promote clean energy and
make it more affordable.
(c) If we are serious about a healthy
new generation, we must a proper Which among the following is the
process of monitoring nutrition and most logical assumption that can be
growth made from the above passage
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) There is much room for Q. In the above passage the author
improvement in India argues that.

(b) India is facing lack of adequate A) Cryptocurrencies are more reliable

available renewable energy options. that fiat currencies.

(c) India needs to bring down the cost B) Fiat currencies are vulnerable to
of renewable energy to make it more various crisis.
affordable
C) Cryptocurrencies are limited and
(d) The Indian government has been provides more stability to currency
promoting green energy to abide by system.
its COP21 climate commitments
D) A comparison between
cryptocurrencies and fiat currencies.

Passage - 8

The main problem of regular or fiat Passage - 9

currency is that one can print as
The need for peacebuilding is real.
much of it as is required. Some
Peacebuilding aims to address the
people have already sounded the
drivers underlying conflict, as well as
alarm about an upcoming debt crisis
the drivers of resilience, to promote
because of easy money that was
prevention and sustain peace.
printed to support economies during
Peacebuilding extends beyond elites
the Covid-19 lockdowns.
at negotiation tables, and includes
Cryptocurrencies, however, can
dispute resolution, reconciliation
escape this problem of supply. Most,
work, intergroup dialogue and
in fact, have a fixed amount of coins
cooperation, (re)integration
that will ever exist. Bitcoin, for
measures, prevention of violent
example, can have a maximum 21
extremism, post-traumatic healing,
million coins in existence and no
social cohesion, tolerance and trust-
more.
building.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q. This passage supports the idea of gender imbalance in the field of

technical arms control. Instead,
A) Financing peacebuilding
multiple areas of action are needed
ecosystems
to redress this situation.
B) State of peacebuilding around the
Q. The key idea of the passage is.
world
A) Diversified working fields are
C) Drivers of peacebuilding
required to make the women
D) Developing a peacebuilding community safe.
society.
B) Participation of Women in
handling of weapons and ammunition
is good for arms control as well as for
Passage - 10
women community
The continued exclusion of women
C) Post conflict zones need more
from international security decision-
women participation in security
making and implementation is a
sector to have an effective policy
problem. Not only is it a right for
intervention.
women to participate in this field, but
UNIDIR’s research suggests that a D) Technical arms control in today's
diverse workforce may lead to safer context are creating gender
and more effective management of imbalance.
weapons and ammunition, making
communities safer. Additionally, in
post conflict contexts, improving
women’s access to jobs in the
security sector has the potential to
increase their power as decision-
makers, transforming gender
relations at a family and community
level. There’s no magic fix for the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions First is an extreme statement. There

is no mention that we have we have
1. (b)
identified 'all' the active galactic
Answer is B nuclei

First statement is out of context and Second statement is correct. There is

hence incorrect. a mention of black hole at the centre
of our own Milky Way galaxy – called
Third and fourth are extreme
Sagittarius A*. And in the passage we
statements.
are also comparing stars with black
Second statement is correct. Refer to holes that means we understand the
these lines of the passage "because properties of stars.
they could radically change
Third statement is clearly correct
perceptions of strategic dominance,
increasing the risk of preemptive 4. (d)
attacks,"
Answer is D
2 (a)
Second and third statements are
Answer is A extreme statements.

Refer to these lines of the passage "It 5. (b)

turns out that the biology of reindeer
Answer is B
makes them ideal for the job." There
is no direct indication of millions of Read the statements again. If you are
years of evolution but it is the most not able answer this question, kindly
suitable assumption among the contact the mentor for the elaborate
options. explanation

3. (d) 6. (c)

Answer is D Answer is C
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Last lines of the passage suggest that 10. (b)

the answer is C.
Answer is Option B
7 (a)
Though all the options are correct but
Answer is A Option B is the core idea of the
passage and hence is the correct
Refer to these lines of the passage
Answer.
"Although the country is yet to
significantly transit to renewable
energy, accounting only 22.5% of
nationwide electricity production,
India has been leading the global
movement towards solar power."

8 (b)

Answer is Option B

Here in this type of questions we

need to try find out the options
which in the context of the given
passage. And try to rule out those
statements which are ambiguous in
nature and purely based on
imagination

9 (d)

Answer is Option D

If you go through the passage

carefully it is easy to identify the idea
that is being supported by the
passage..
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Rules and procedures of justice

Day - 31 delivery should be made simple.
Directions for the following 10 (ten) (b) Even in the ancient and religious
items: texts of India, a well-developed sense
Read the following passages and of privacy is evident
answer the items that follow. Your (c) It is time for courts to wake up
answers to these questions should be from their colonial stupor and face
based on the passage only. the practical realities of Indian
Passage - 1 society.

Great lawyers and judges are not (d) The working and the style of
born but are made by proper courts do not sit well with the
education and great legal traditions complexities of India.
as were Manu, Kautilya, Katyayana,
Brihaspati, Narada, Parashara,
Yajnavalkya and other legal giants of Passage - 2
ancient India...continued neglect of A reflexive resort to the anti-dumping
their great knowledge and adherence duty, especially if the domestic
to alien colonial legal system is applicant is a significantly large and
detrimental to the goals of our relatively resilient manufacturer of
Constitution and against our national the product, risks skewing the market
interests. At least two Supreme Court dynamics in the Indian company’s
judges have in the past few months favour, with both downstream
openly expressed the need to industries, in the case of intermediate
“Indianise” the legal system. goods, and consumers likely to face
Which among the following is the the consequences of reduced
most logical and critical inference competition on final prices. Also,
that can be made from the passage? efforts to narrow the sizeable trade
deficit with China by targeted
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

recourse to the levy have made little an audit trail, makes the individual-
headway in addressing the widening government-market interface
gap as imports have continued to transparent and provides efficiencies
largely outpace India’s exports. that help recoup the investments
quickly. Processes get streamlined
Which among the following is the
and wait times for any service come
most logical assumption that can be
down dramatically. Issuances of
made from the above passage?
passports, PAN cards and driving
(a) Anti-dumping duty has become licences are such examples.
India’s most widely used trade Productivity goes up and services can
weapons, especially against a flood of be scaled quickly. Benefits can be
cheaper Chinese imports. rapidly extended to cover a much
larger portion of the population.
(b) India has initiated maximum anti-
dumping cases against dumped What is the central idea of the
imports from China. passage?

(c) Both of them (a) India is pioneering the concept of

digital public goods that enhance the
(d) Neither of them
ease, transparency and speed with
which individuals, markets and
governments interact with each other
Passage - 3
(b) The investments required for
Unlike physical infrastructure such as
transporting digital public goods are
ports and roads, digital public goods
minuscule in comparison and there is
have short gestation periods and
no chance of a debt trap.
immediate, and visible impact and
benefits. Digital infrastructure plugs (c) There is an opportunity for India
leaks. It eliminates ghost to embark on digital diplomacy — to
beneficiaries of government services, take its made-in-India digital public
removes touts collecting rent, creates
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

goods to hundreds of emerging based on the traditional ludo,

economies across the world. arguably the most popular online
game in India, have run into
(d) Digital public goods spread speed,
controversy, and allegations of
transparency, ease and productivity
betting and gambling.
across the individual-government-
market ecosystem and enhance Which among the following is the
inclusivity, equity and development most logical assumption that can be
at scale. made from the above passage?

(a) Online gaming addiction is

destroying lives and devastating
Passage - 4
families.
From this definitional issue flows the
(b) Online gaming falls in a regulatory
legality of online gaming. Games
grey area and there is no
based on skills are allowed in most
comprehensive legislation with
parts of the country while games of
respect to its legality
chance are in the ambit of gambling,
treated as immoral and prohibited in (c) There is an urgent need to
most parts of the country. As betting regulate the online gaming industry
and gambling is a state subject, by establishing a central authority on
different states have their own betting and gambling
legislation. Every state in India,
(d) A well-regulated online gaming
except Goa, Sikkim, and the Union
industry presents compelling
Territory of Daman explicitly
advantages in terms of economic and
prohibits any sort of gambling,
social benefits
betting or wagering on games of
chance. Assam, Andhra Pradesh,
Nagaland, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and
Passage - 5
Telangana have placed restrictions on
games of skill as well. Online games
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

One drawback of our energy planning Choose the correct options

has been overestimation of demand
(a) 1 only
leading to creation of surplus supply
capacity. Ambitious targets have (b) 2 only
been announced without adequate
(c) Both of them
policy enablers or wherewithal to
achieve them, often within ‘silos’, (d) Neither of them
making some targets mutually
contradictory with others. The initial
goals must be pragmatic, and even Passage - 6
incremental, as their achievement
Women lag behind men in the
will lead to a well-calibrated, multi-
literacy rate (71.5 per cent against
sectoral decarbonisation strategy
84.4 per cent for men). This is partly
with ability to respond to changing
due to the number of years of
situations. India, in its own interest,
schooling: Only 41 per cent of women
must pursue a deep decarbonisation
have 10 or more years of schooling,
strategy encompassing all pathways.
against 50.2 per cent for men.
With the reference of the above Correlatively, only 33 per cent of 15-
passage, the following assumptions to 49-year-old women use internet,
have been made : against 57 per cent among men of
the same age. In spite of an increase
1. Comprehensive integrated
in the number of women owning a
approach to demand-side
house or land, the country still
management needs to be adopted on
struggles with a digital divide in terms
a multi-sectoral basis
of accessibility between men and
2. The prerequisite of scaling up women.
indigenous manufacturing capacity
Q. With the reference of the above
has got ignored while incentivising
passage, following assumptions have
high-cost early deployment
been done
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. Owning land ownership has not streets of the city, and in this way the
guaranteed the upliftment of female Babylonians believed that their world
literacy. had been cleaned to prepare for the
new year and a new spring.
2. Access to digital means is vital for
women literacy. Q. The essential message of this
passage is
choose the correct option
A) Spring remarks the cleaning of the
A) 1 Only
world for the Babylonians.
B) 2 Only
B) Akitu celebrations were of great
C) 1 and 2 Both importance for Babylonians.

D) None of these C) Historical aspect of the new year in

the city of Babylon.

D) None of these
Passage - 7

The city of Babylon in ancient

Mesopotamia was where the first Passage - 8
New Year's celebrations were
Construction of infrastructure and
recorded about 4,000 years ago. The
real estate create about five times
Babylonians held their celebrations
the jobs for the money spent relative
on the first new moon after the
to the number of jobs generated per
spring equinox and called this festival
unit of investment in other sectors of
Akitu (which comes from the word
the economy. The largest enterprises
the Sumerians used for barley).
in these sectors have the capacity to
Barley was cut in Mesopotamia in the
minimise the spread of infections
spring, and during Akitu there was a
among their workforce. To support
different ritual on each of the 11 days
economic growth by improving
that the celebration lasted. Statues of
India’s global competitiveness in
the gods were carried through the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

manufacturing and services and upper middle class society. Today

generating livelihoods, it would be there is need for a new agenda for
advisable to accelerate investment in the banking and non banking
infrastructure, logistics and improve financial services that does not
the building stock in the country exclude the common man.
including the rejuvenation and
Q. Which one of the following is the
regeneration of urban space.
message that is essentially implied in
Q. This passage argues in the favor of the above passage?

A) Safely continuing the A) Need for more automation and

infrastructure projects will help products of bank
return our economy to health
B) Need for a radical restructuring of
B) Need for energy efficiency and our entire public finance system.
need for ergonomically designed
C) Need to integrate banking and non
work spaces.
banking institutions.
C) Expenditures on sectors with
D) Need to promote financial
relatively higher economic multiplier
inclusion .
impact and employment generation
potential that will also make India’s
economy more globally competitive.
Passage - 10
D) None of these
Many people in India feel that if we
cut our defence expenditure on
weapon building, we can create a
Passage - 9
climate of peace with our neighbors,
In the last decade, the banking sector subsequently reducing the conflict or
has been restructured with a high creating a no war situation. People
degree of automation and products who proclaim such ideas are either
that mainly serve middle class and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

the victims of war or the propogators

of false argument.

Q. With the reference of the above

passage, which of the following is the
most valid assumption?

A) Building of weapons systems by us

has instigated our neighbours to
wage wars against us.

B) The greater spending on weapon

building by us would lessen the
possibility of armed conflict with our
neighbours.

C) It is necessary to have state of the

art weapons systems for national
security.

D) Many people in India believe that

we are wasting our resources on
weapon building.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions different states have their own

legislation"..
1. (c)
5. (a)
Answer is C
Answer is A
It is the most logical and critical
inference that can be made from the Second statement is incorrect as the
passage. passage does not talk about scaling of
indigenous manufacturing capacity
2 (d)
First statement is correct.
Answer is D
Refer to these lines of the passage
Both are extreme statements
"One drawback of our energy
3. (d) planning has been overestimation of
demand leading to creation of
Answer is D
surplus supply capacity." "The initial
Rest are out of context goals must be pragmatic, and even
incremental, as their achievement
4. (b)
will lead to a well-calibrated, multi-
Answer is B sectoral decarbonisation strategy
with ability to respond to changing
Refer to these lines of the passage
situations".
"From this definitional issue flows the
legality of online gaming. Games 6. (c)
based on skills are allowed in most
Answer is Option C
parts of the country while games of
chance are in the ambit of gambling, Refer to the statement "Correlatively,
treated as immoral and prohibited in only 33 per cent of 15- to 49-year-old
most parts of the country. As betting women use internet, against 57 per
and gambling is a state subject, cent among men of the same age. In
spite of an increase in the number of
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

women owning a house or land, the would lessen the possibility of armed
country still struggles with a digital conflict with our neighbours is the
divide in terms of accessibility most valid assumption.
between men and women." .

7 (c)

Answer is Option C

As it is evident from the reading of

the passage that this passage is
talking about the historical
background of the passage and how
the celebrations of the new year
started so Option C is the correct
answer

8 (c)

Answer is option C

Option C is the most suitable option

and it is in the context of the passage

9 (d)

10. (b)

Answer is Option B

Option B is correct as the passage

supports weapon building by India. It
can also be inferred from the passage
that India wants to establish peace
with neighbours. So weapon building
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

C) Many communities around the

Day - 32 world are hurting and feeling
Directions for the following 10 (ten) vulnerable — in need of the strongest
items: possible messages of support,
solidarity and security.
Read the following passages and
answer the items that follow. Your D) We need to act against extremism
answers to these questions should be in all its forms .
based on the passage only.

Passage - 1 Passage - 2
Hate speech is spreading like wildfire. Above all, the digital public goods
Social media is being exploited as a infrastructure compounds while
platform for bigotry. Public discourse physical infrastructure depreciates.
is being coarsened. Many political Compounding happens for three
movements are either openly reasons. One, of course, is the growth
admitting their neo-Nazi affiliation, or of technology itself. Chips keep
lip syncing the words, and cutting and becoming faster, engines more
pasting the symbols and images. The powerful, and gene-editing
cancer is spreading. It is our duty to technology keeps improving. The
find the cure. second reason is the network effect.
Q. This main idea of the passage is As more and more people use the
same technology, the number of
A) Fighting the Wildfire of Hate “transactions” using that technology
Speech increase exponentially — be it
B) World seen ever-rising anti-Muslim Facebook posts or UPI transactions.
hatred, anti-Semitism, hate speech And the third reason is the rapid
and bigotry. creation of new layers of technology.
For example, the hypertext protocol
created the worldwide web. Then the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

browser was built on top of it, which guzzlers and their cultivation lowers
made the worldwide web easier to the water table. There is no cogent
navigate and more popular. policy for the disposal of surpluses
and hence, large stocks are lying with
Q..Which among the following is the
the FCI.
most logical and essential message
conveyed by the above passage? Q. With the reference of the above
passage, following assumptions have
A) Our creativity and imagination
been done:
cannot be expressed without digital
media 1. Our governments are not
responsible enough to keep our
B) Use of Digital media is imperative
agriculture system sustainable
over the physical infrastructure.
2. There is absolutely no need to
C) Digital infrastructure has a
increase the income of farmers.
compounding nature.
choose the correct option
D) None of the above
A) 1 Only

B) 2 Only
Passage - 3
C) 1 and 2 Both
The problem for the government is
that the entire system is convoluted. D) None of these
MSP is tied to procurement, which in
turn is tied to the PDS and buffer
stocking. MSP is open-ended and FCI Passage - 4
ends up procuring large quantities of
Games based on skills are allowed in
rice and wheat as the price offered is
most parts of the country while
very attractive. Farmers prefer
games of chance are in the ambit of
growing them as it gets them better
gambling, treated as immoral and
income, but these two are water-
prohibited in most parts of the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

country. a large number of people mere 6 per cent. In recent decades,

are developing a strong dependence GDP driven economic performance
on online gaming. This addiction is has only harmed inclusive wealth like
destroying lives and devastating human capital and natural capital like
families. Compulsive usage of forests, land and water. While the
technology was heading towards world's human capotal which stands
becoming an issue and the pandemic at 57 per cent of total inclusive
managed to catalyse the steady wealth grew by only 8 per cent, the
journey. It has caused a dramatic natural capital which is 23 per cent of
increase in our screen time. total inclusive wealth declined by 30
percent worldwide in the last two
Q. This passage seems to suggests
decades.
that
Q. Which of the following is the most
A) Online gaming in India needs
crucial inference of the above
regulation
passage?
B) Pandemic has changed our lives in
A) More emphasis should be laid on
terms of how we entertain oueselves.
the development of natural capital
C) There is a need to build checks and
B) The growth driven by GDP only is
balances to prevent the youth from
neither desirable nor sustainable
becoming pathological gamers.
C) The economic performance of the
D) None of the above
countries of the world is not
satisfactory

Passage - 5 D) The world needs more human

capital under the present
In the last two decades, the world's
circumstances
gross domestic product (GDP) has
increased by 50 percent, whereas
inclusive wealth has increased by a
Passage - 6
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A simple definition of seva, service, is, governments, stakeholders, and all

‘Through your effort of manasa, other relevant organizations to create
vacha, karmana – being, speaking, opportunities for our voices to be
doing, if someone gets to know the heard. Inclusive policies are crucial
higher truths of life, someone’s not only to meet the most basic
energy levels get enhanced and needs of our community, but also to
someone experiences heightened create an environment of belonging.
levels of joy – seva is happening.’ And It is tough to overstate the feelings of
if your words and actions exhibit the isolation that come with an
infinite strength of satvik sukh, seva is inaccessible environment that
happening. discourages social interaction with
peers, and the damage that can
Q. This passage relates to
wreak on one's mental health.
A) Duty of seva
Q. What is the main idea of the
B) Doiing seva in a right way passage?

C) Understand the meaning of seva A) Why the world needs more people
with disabilities at the decision-
D) None of the above
making table.

B) Many in community are invisible to

Passage - 7 those who make decisions about us.

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues C) Only by promoting the active

to amplify the inequities between engagement of people with
young people who live with disabilities in all democratic
disabilities and those who don’t, it is processes, can we move towards a
increasingly important for the more inclusive world.
disabled community to have a seat at
D) None of the above
the decision-making table. Counting
us is not enough: It is up to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 8

If we zoom out, some 1 billion Passage - 9

children worldwide are deprived of
The new year is a perfect time to
their basic rights, including health
make a change for the better. The
care, housing and education. A
tradition of making New Year's
staggering one in six live in extreme
resolutions is more common in the
poverty – meaning they survive on
western hemisphere but also exists in
less than $1.90 per day. Too often,
the eastern hemisphere. This
this vicious cycle is escapable only for
tradition involves a person making a
those whose governments prioritize
commitment to change an unwanted
it or have the financing and support
habit or behaviour or setting a
to expand their efforts – by offering
personal objective. Typical New
child benefits, school meals and
Year's resolutions might be to give up
education programmes for children.
smoking, eat healthier food, do more
And cash assistance, childcare
exercise, become more organised or
services and affordable housing for
laugh more – but really, a New Year's
parents.
resolution can be almost anything.
Q. What is the critical message However, research suggests that
conveyed by the passage? many New Year's resolutions fail.
Being realistic about the objectives
A) Ending child poverty is a policy
you set and not making too many
choice
New Year's resolutions might help
B) the excruciating plight of families you to achieve success.
living in poverty, even in rich
Q168. With the reference of the
countries.
above passage, following
C) Child poverty is not inevitable, nor assumptions have been made
immune to efforts to address it.

D) None of the above

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. New year resolutions are meant to Which among the following is the
be break or fail due to ill most logical and rational inference
determination of people. that can be made from the above
passage?
2. New year resolution is a global
phenomenon, more prevalent in A) Nature has created a great
Western hemisphere. diversity in human society.

choose the correct option B) Any given human society is always

short of its wants.
A) 1 Only
C) Social life is a specific characteristic
B) 2 Only
of man.
C) 1 and 2 Both
D) Diverse natural wants forced man
D) None of these . towards social system

Passage - 10

To understand the nature and

quantity of Government proper for
man. It is necessary to attend to his
character. As nature created him for
social life, she fitted him for the
station she intended. In all cases she
made his natural wants greater than
his individual powers. No one man is
capable, without the aid of society, of
supplying his own wants, and those
wants, acting upon every individual,
impel the whole of them into society.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Option C

1. (a) Option C summaries the above

passage and is in the line of the
Correct answer is Option A
above passage and hence is the
As option A is in the context of the correct option ..
passage and reflects the main idea of
5. (b)
the passage so it is the correct
answer. Answer is Option B

option D might be seem to be correct This passage infers that the growth
but this option is out of the context driven by GDP only is neither
as in the passage only one form of desirable nor sustainable
extremism is discussed not all the
6. (c)
forms.
Answer is Option C
2 (c)
Refer to the statement " A simple
Answer is Option C
definition of seva, service, is,
Option A and B is not in the context ‘Through your effort of
of the passage and hence not the
7 (c)
correct option while option C is truly
in the line the of the above passage Answer is option C

3. (a) Option C is the correct answer as it

summarizes the above passage.
Answer is Option A
8 (a)
As it is clearly mentioned about the
fault in the system and its impact so Answer is option A
option A is correct and statement 2 is
Refer to the statement " Too often,
out of the context so it is not true.
this vicious cycle is escapable only for
4. (c) those whose governments prioritize
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

it or have the financing and support

to expand their efforts – by offering
child benefits, school meals and
education programmes for children.
And cash assistance, childcare
services and affordable housing for
parents."

9 (b)

Answer is Option B

As the statement 1 is out of the

context of the passage and hence is
not a valid assumption.

10. (d)

Option D is the correct inference of

the above passage as the need and
the demand of the man could be
completed individually
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q..With the reference of the above

Day - 33 passage, following assumptions have
Directions for the following 10 (ten) been made
items: 1. AFSPA should not be used in the
Read the following passages and entire state rather it must be used in
answer the items that follow. Your selective disturbed area.
answers to these questions should be 2. Imposition of AFSPA has impacted
based on the passage only. the public morale.
Passage - 1 choose the correct option
However, it is not clear whether the A) 1 Only
central political leadership attempted
to take a progressive and long-term B) 2 Only
view, which envisages an early C) 1 and 2 Both
culmination of the Naga
reconciliation process with the D) None of these
insurgents divested of their arms and
eventually absorbed into the
governance structures of the state. In Passage - 2
such a framework, the Disturbed China was the first nuclear-weapon
Area notification and AFSPA should country to keep its nuclear weapons
not have primacy. The continued stockpile a secret. Before that, all the
designation of the entire state as a nuclear-weapon countries used to
Disturbed Area may not be deemed announce the size of their nuclear
conducive for public morale and will weapons stockpile publically or
not engender a confidence-building officially, though the issue of
environment towards achieving a verification always dogged the claims
satisfactory outcome to the 2015 ad- and this would often result in
hoc framework agreement. accusation and counter-accusation.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

After China’s nuclearisation, no new Indonesia, Thailand and other non-

nuclear weapon country has made its OECD Asian countries are predicted
weapon stockpile public. Israel has to consume twice as much liquid fuel
not even declared its nuclearisation, in 2050 as compared to 2020 levels.
but it is widely acknowledged as a Throughout Europe, nuclear and coal
nuclear-weapon country. power generation will decrease, and
wind power is expected to grow
Q. This passage seems to argue that:
exponentially, followed by solar
A) Stockpiling of Nuclear weapons power.
has its own strategic interest.
Q. The main idea of the passage is
B) Nuclearisation in secrecy is
A) Energy consumption, related
prevalent now a days.
emissions expected to increase
C) China nuclear stocks dogged the through 2050 unequally.
verification process.
B) Electricity to be generated
D) None of these primarily from renewable sources

C) Innovation and international

collaboration can finish the job
Passage - 3
D) None of the above
The popularity of solar power
remains strong, although the need Passage - 4
for extensive battery storage
While significant energies of our
remains, flagged the report. Wind-
freedom movement were invested in
based energy is not always consistent
driving away the British, at the same
either, so other resources, including
time, our leaders were conscious of
natural gas, can be used in all regions
how independent India would
to maintain steady energy
constitute itself. Secularism was a
production. The transportation and
hallmark of the major participants in
industrial sectors in China, India,
the freedom struggle. Gandhi, while
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

proclaiming himself a Hindu, never miseries will always be felt, and ne of

tolerated religious discrimination. physical help will remove them
Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Bose, completely The only solution of the
Sardar Patel, Maulana Azad and other problem is to make mankind pure 3-
luminaries were steadfast in their Ignorance is the mother of evil and of
commitment to a future secular all the misery we se Let men have
state. B R Ambedkar gave the clarion light, let them be pure and spiritually
call for the annihilation of caste and strong and educated, then alone will
initiated perhaps the greatest social misery cease in the world We may
reform on this land. convert every house in the country
into charitable asylum, we may fill
Q. This passage seems to suggests
the land with hospitals, but human
A) Challenging the rise of misery will continue until man's
majoritarianism character changes.

B) Regarding the relationship Q. With reference to the passage, the

between the state and religion in a following assumptions have been
multi-religious, multicultural country made:

C) Elevation of the religion of the 1. The author gives primary

majority as the de-facto state religion importance to physical and material
becomes a real threat. help in eradicating human misery.

D) None of the above 2. Charitable homes, hospitals, etc.

can remove human misery to a great
extent
Passage - 5
Choose from the following options:
The miseries of the world cannot be
A) 1 only
cured by physical help only Until
man's nature changes, his physical B) Both 1 and 2
needs w lized always arise, and
C) 2 only
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) Neither 1 nor 2 C) Look for an engineering solution of

crisis.

D) None of these
Passage - 6

There is nothing providential about

our social institutions, and the power Passage - 7
and hierarchies they embody. These
The 23 MSP crops consist of staple
have to be rearranged to
cereals, pulses, oilseeds and a few
acknowledge a degree of earthly
cash crops. Our country still ranks
moral equality. They need to appear
poorly on the global hunger index, so
legitimate to the citizens who inhabit
these crops are always in demand.
them. One of the paradoxes of our
Some economists argue that if the
political life is that we have thought it
MSP is legally enforced, the private
easier to remake nature than to
sector won’t purchase the crops and
remake the social institutions that are
all the quantities would have to be
constructed by us. When it comes to
purchased by the government.
nature, we overcome the empire of
Sugarcane prices are prescribed by
necessity by more and more
the government but private mills
technological progress.
have not stopped their procurement.
Q. This passage seems to suggests
Q. With the reference of the above
that:
passage, following assumptions have
A) More transformation towards been made?
socialization of political institutions is
1. Legalisation of MSP is contentious
the need of the hour
issue
B) Remake and engineer the natural
2. Government needs a more robust
world, this planet and even our
crop procurement system in India.
bodies, to serve human desire and
imagination. choose the correct option
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) 1 Only Q. With the reference of the above

passage, following assumptions have
B) 2 Only
been made
C) 1 and 2 Both
1. Technology now a days provides
D) None of these new ways for visual impaired to
acquire soft technical skills.

2. Digital divide will be lessen for the

Passage - 8
visually impaired now.
At UNICEF we know that, with a little
choose the correct option
support, children with visual
impairments can acquire skills that A) 1 Only
supports them to use digital
B) 2 Only
technology successfully. That is why
we teamed up with the NGO Zhan, C) 1 and 2 Both
the software development company
D) None of these
EPAM and a Youth Resource Centre
to deliver a digital literacy
programme for children with visual
Passage - 9
impairments in Almaty. Through the
programme, the children learned the In the US, Clearview AI gained
basics of operating computers and international notoriety for the
smartphones, and found out how to surreptitious manner in which it
access web resources, use navigation scraped large swathes of images from
and messenger apps. They were across the Internet to design a
introduced to various software powerful facial recognition tool.
programmes and even acquired some Despite the violation of individual
foundational programming skills. privacy en masse, the company
quickly found a lucrative clientele,
including several US federal and state
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

agencies. At present, Clearview AI publicly available information on

faces considerable legal heat with tendering and procurement.
several lawsuits pending against it
across the US, and even in other
jurisdictions. Closer home in India, Passage - 10
state surveillance has been a
For the better part of the past
significant concern this year,
decade, India was touted as the next
especially in the backdrop of the
big economic growth story after
allegations in the Pegasus issue.
China because of its relatively
Private technology companies have
younger population. Instead, there
been aiding law enforcement
has been an unemployment crisis. In
agencies in India in ramping up risky
the absence of conducive economic,
surveillance under a thick cloak of
social and political conditions, India
secrecy.
risks squandering its demographic
Which among the following is the advantage by “creating a young and
most logical assumption that can be angry population, and with it
made from the above passage? conditions for social unrest and
economic disaster”, investment bank
(a) An unfettered private security
Espirito Santo warned back in 2013.
sector especially in facial recognition
The worrying trend has been
technology is a major concern
exacerbated, and the demographic
(b) An unfettered, unbridled private dividend has become more of a
security sector has been a concern demographic drag, or worse, a
across the world for decades. demographic demon.

(c) There is an overall lack of Which among the following is the

transparency and accountability in most logical and critical inference
the private sector that can be made from the passage?

(d) Large scale state surveillance is

being deployed in the absence of any
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Since India’s stellar growth got

derailed by the 2008 recession, it has
struggled to get back on track.

(b) Bigger policy changes may help

India to take advantage of India's
demographic dividend

(c) Education is the key to eradicate

gender and caste inequalities

(d) Both private companies and the

government must clean up their act if
they want to make sure one lost
decade does not turn into several.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Answer is Option A

1. (c) In the passage it is the situation

where two different regions and
Answer is Option C
there energy perspectives have been
Refer to the statement" the discussed and option A is the most
Disturbed Area notification and suitable option so it is the correct
AFSPA should not have primacy. The answer. .
continued designation of the entire
4. (b)
state as a Disturbed Area may not be
deemed conducive for public morale Answer is option B
and will not engender a confidence-
Refer to the statement " our leaders
building environment towards
were conscious of how independent
achieving a satisfactory outcome to
India would constitute itself.
the 2015 ad-hoc framework
Secularism was a hallmark of the
agreement.
major participants in the freedom
2 (b) struggle.

Answer is Option B 5. (d)

Option B is the most suitable answer Answer is Option D

and is in the context of the above
The author gives primary importance
passage. Refer to the statement "
to spiritual growth in man in
After China’s nuclearisation, no new
eradicating human misery
nuclear weapon country has made its
weapon stockpile public. Israel has 6. (a)
not even declared its nuclearisation,
Answer is Option A
but it is widely acknowledged as a
nuclear-weapon country." Refer to the statement " One of the
paradoxes of our political life is that
3. (a)
we have thought it easier to remake
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

nature than to remake the social international notoriety for the

institutions that are constructed by surreptitious manner in which it
us. When it comes to nature, we scraped large swathes of images from
overcome the empire of necessity by across the Internet to design a
more and more technological powerful facial recognition tool.
progress." Despite the violation of individual
privacy en masse, the company
7 (c)
quickly found a lucrative clientele,
Refer to the statement " , the private including several US federal and state
sector won’t purchase the crops and agencies.".
all the quantities would have to be
10. (b)
purchased by the government...."
Answer is B
8 (c)
Refer to these lines of the passage:
Answer is Option C
In the absence of conducive
Refer to the statement " Through the
economic, social and political
programme, the children learned the
conditions, India risks squandering its
basics of operating computers and
demographic advantage by “creating
smartphones, and found out how to
a young and angry population, and
access web resources, use navigation
with it conditions for social unrest
and messenger apps. They were
and economic disaster”, investment
introduced to various software
bank Espirito Santo warned back in
programmes and even acquired some
2013.
foundational programming skills."

9 (a)

Answer is A

Refer to these lines of the passage "In

the US, Clearview AI gained
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Students are no longer limited by

Day - 34 teaching resources and learning
Directions for the following 10 (ten) possibilities available within the
items: institutions’ physical boundaries

Read the following passages and (b) With greater digitisation, there is
answer the items that follow. Your an inherent need for more secure
answers to these questions should be and fool-proof systems that can track
based on the passage only. students’ academic activities.

Passage - 1 (c) The adoption of blockchain in

education could help improve the
In a first, the graduating IITians were efficiency of the education ecosystem
awarded their degrees in, a and optimise the use of human and
blockchain-based, digital form by the physical resources
Prime Minister on December 28. Until
now, we heard of blockchain (d) Encouraging blockchain in
technology in reference to education sector is more fruitful than
cryptocurrencies. A technology that in cryptocurrencies
enables the Bitcoins and Ethereums
of the world. But perhaps a bigger
story lies in the potential of Passage - 2
blockchain technology to transform The robust form of parliamentary
other key sectors. One such sector democracy in the Union and state
this technology could truly governments, is missing in
revolutionise is education. municipalities. In most of the
Which among the following is the municipalities, the mayor is not
most logical assumption that can be elected. State governments decide
made from the above passage? the terms of appointment for a
mayor—usually annually or for two
years versus the full term of the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

elected municipal council of five As the pandemic undermined

years. This effectively undermines economic opportunities for everyone
municipal political leadership. in the country, it was women who
bore the brunt. Some have described
Which of the following statements
the pandemic as “the great equaliser”
best reflect the rational, plausible
owing to the “work from home”
and practical implications that can
flexibility that came with it. Despite
be derived from the passage given
this, so many women lost their jobs
above?
and incomes across the world, it led
(a) The subject of local governance to a new term being coined:
should be transferred to the “shecession”. Taking the long view,
concurrent list of the constitution. though, this decline in women’s
employment is not a recent
(b) Finding a single template solution
phenomenon and cannot be blamed
is consequently impossible, beyond
entirely on the pandemic. India has
emphasising the common lacuna,
witnessed a gradual decline in the
that incomplete democratisation has
female labour force participation rate
sapped cities of the vitality they
for more than two decades.
possess.
With the reference of the above
(c) The Indian government should
passage, the following assumptions
address the challenge of municipal
have been made :
inequity, and ensure that better
opportunities are available to 1. Women in India would always have
enhance urban governance. a smaller slice of the economic
growth pie.
(d) Property tax rates should be
doubled and ward committees should 2. The digital divide between men
be abolished. and women poses a significant hurdle
to women’s participation in labour
force.
Passage - 3
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which of the above assumptions are Which among the following is the
valid? most logical and rational inference
that can be made from the passage
(a) 1 only
given above?
(b) 2 only
(a) Once legalised, a crypto asset’s
(c) Both of them creep towards becoming a medium of
exchange would be unstoppable.
(d) Neither of them
(b) Certain groups and people want
the state to mostly be out of
Passage - 4 blockchain system because that
serves their interests.
The argument that crypto assets
need be legalised for promoting (c) Cryptoassets are not the
blockchain technologies and being necessary component for adoption
pro-future is weak, if not bogus. and utilisation of the blockchain
Legalising cryto assets primarily to technology
support blockchain technology is like
(d) Cryptoassets are not useful in
signing on to the use of space as a
promoting innovation and
new frontier of war just because it
decentralised financial system
would promote India’s space
industry. Blockchain has thousands of
applications other than crypto.
Passage - 5
Various innovations and services,
including using blockchains and those One of the biggest ironies around
in the realm of decentralised finance, water is that it comes from rivers and
are indeed possible over the top of a other wetlands. Yet it is seen as
monopoly platform of a Central Bank divorced from them. While water is
Digital Currency, as an alternative to used as a resource, public policy does
private cryptocurrencies. not always grasp that it is a part of
the natural ecosystem. Efforts at
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

engineering water systems are thus heavy rain and floods since 2016 –
efforts at augmenting water supply 6.65 mha in 2016, 5.08 mha in 2017,
rather than strengthening the 1.70 mha in 2018, 11.42 mha in 2019,
capacities of ecological systems. 6.65 mha in 2020 and 5.04 mha in
2021. The above data has been
Which one of the following is the
aggregated from government replies
most logical and rational inference
in the parliament on crop loss and
that can be made from the above
damage in recent years. This has led
passage?
to repeated losses for farmers,
[CSE 2020] especially small and marginal ones
who comprise over 85 per cent of the
(a) Rivers and other wetlands should
total number of farmers in the
be protected under Ramsar
country. They are being increasingly
Convention
put to test, as climate change
(b) Engineering water systems should disturbs everything from sowing
be modernized and further operations to harvest.
augmented
Q. What is the essential message of
(c) Wetlands need to be reinforced as the passage?
more than just open sources of
A) Hydro-meteorological calamities
water.
increase due to climate change.
(d) Water supply should not be free
B) Government must look after the
of cost so as to prevent its misuse or
distress of farmers.
overuse.
C) Repeated losses of crops should be
stopped through development.
Passage - 6
D) Farmers should change their
In India, around 36 mha agricultural agricultural pattern.
area was affected due to hydro-
meteorological calamities, including
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 7 D) None of the above

Small aerosol particles help in

“brightening” of clouds, enabling
Passage - 8
them to alter Earth’s radiative
balance and ultimately its climate, That Covid has changed the face of
according to a study led by the education beyond recognition is no
Cooperative Institute for Research in longer news. Teachers and students
Environmental Sciences (CIRES). alike have learnt to make allowances
When deep, convective clouds in the for the constant unpredictability and
tropics carry gases high into the upheaval. At the end of 2020, we
atmosphere, they form small aerosol were hoping for light at the end of
particles in a process called gas-to- the tunnel. “This year will be
particle conversion. As they different!” students said. As
condense, they grow big enough to educators, we echoed the sentiment.
brighten lower-level cloud in the We were confident that noisy
lower troposphere. This gas-to- classrooms, piles of notebooks,
particle conversion brightens clouds constant interactions and a set
in the tropics over both the Pacific timetable would solve it all. Having
and Atlantic Oceans, according to the made half-hearted attempts at
study published in the journal Nature. returning to full-fledged school over
this year, we know better.
Q. The main idea of the passage is
Q. With the reference of the above
A) Clouds need specific
passage, following assumptions have
meteorological process to brighten
been done
themselves.
1. Even as reminders of the pandemic
B) Aerosol formation helps brighten
are everywhere, our education
clouds and in balancing climate
system must strive for a different
C) Aerosol is essential for the vision of the future for children
brightening of clouds.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

2. Our vision in shaping the future of services. Such service provision

these children remains conventional approaches also extend to armed
and academically oriented. actors who, provided that they have
the resources, also step in to fill the
choose the correct option
void. Examples range from the
A) 1 Only Taliban in Afghanistan, to the Mafia
in Italy, to drug cartels in Latin
B) 2 Only
America.
C) 1 and 2 Both
Q. With the reference of the above
D) None of these passage, following assumptions have
been made

1. Functioning of non-state actors

Passage - 9
depends upon the strength of state
One of the central roles of actors
government is to provide public and
2. Activeness of non state actors
social services for its citizens, such as
always exists with risks.
healthcare, education and drinking
water. But in contexts where state choose the correct option
presence is weak or absent, non-state
A) 1 Only
actors, such as non-governmental,
faith-based and community-based B) 2 Only
organizations, have stepped in to
C)1 and 2 Both
deliver those services. The provision
of public services by non-state groups D) None of the above
is not a new phenomenon. It is and
has been prominent in countries of
the Global South—increasing since Passage - 10
the 1980s—where governments face
The richer States have a responsibility
challenges in delivering public
to cut down carbon emissions and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

promote clean energy investments. C) The State Electricity Boards can

These are the States that got improve their finances by
electricity, grew faster and now have undertaking clean energy projects.
high per capita income, making them
D) The high economic disparity
capable of sharing India's burden of
between the rich and poor states is
becoming eco-friendly. Delhi, for
the major cause of high carbon
example, can help by generating its
emissions in India.
own clean electricity using solar
rooftop panels or even help poor
States finance their clean energy
projects. It is no secret that State
Electricity Boards, which control 95%
of the distribution network, are neck
deep in losses. These losses further
discourage State utilities from
adopting renewable energy as it is
more expensive than fossil fuels.

Q. Which among the following is the

most logical and rational assumption
that can be made from the above
passage?

A) The richer states must lead in the

production and adoption of
renewable energy.

B) The poor states always have to

depend on rich states for electricity.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Refer to these lines of the passage

"Legalising cryto assets primarily to
1. (c)
support blockchain technology is like
Answer is C signing on to the use of space as a
new frontier of war just because it
Refer to these lines of the passage
would promote India’s space
"But perhaps a bigger story lies in the
industry. Blockchain has thousands of
potential of blockchain technology to
applications other than crypto."
transform other key sectors. One
such sector this technology could 5. (c)
truly revolutionise is education."
Answer is C
2 (c)
First statement is incorrect as there is
Answer is Option C no mention of ramsar convention in
the passage.
Statement first and fourth are
impractical solutions. Second statement is contrary to the
idea of above passage
Statement second is an extreme
statement. Fourth statement is out of context.

3. (d) Third statement is correct. Refer to

these lines of the passage "While
Answer is D
water is used as a resource, public
First is an extreme statement. policy does not always grasp that it is
a part of the natural ecosystem."
Second statement is out of context as
there is no mention of digital divide 6. (a)
in the passage.
Answer is Option A
4. (c)
Though other options might be in the
Answer is C context of the passage, but Option A
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

is the main message which is being Option A is inherent in the first part
conveyed by the passage. of the passage which says that the
richer states, having grown, have the
7 (b)
capability to share India's burden of
Answer is Option B becoming eco-friendly

Refer to the statement " mall aerosol

particles help in “brightening” of
clouds, enabling them to alter Earth’s
radiative balance and ultimately its
climate

8 (a)

Answer is Option A

Statement 2 is not in the context of

the above passage and hence not a
valid assumption.

9 (a)

Answer is Option A

Refer to the statement " But in

contexts where state presence is
weak or absent, non-state actors,
such as non-governmental, faith-
based and community-based
organizations, have stepped in to
deliver those services."

10. (a)

Option A is the correct answer

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. Changing base year for the

Day - 35 assessment has not qualified the
Directions for the following 10 (ten) quality.
items: 2. Path of Economic recovery changes
Read the following passages and with the change of base year.
answer the items that follow. Your choose the correct option
answers to these questions should be
based on the passage only. A) 1 Only

Passage - 1 B) 2 Only

The NSO released the current GDP C) 1 and 2 Both

series in 2015, using 2011-12 as its D) None of these
base year. Since then, the new series
has been embroiled in controversy.
Some have argued that the problem Passage - 2
in the new series is the real growth
rate. This is debatable. Scholars have Beyond temperature, there are other
pointed to measurement problems, good reasons not to burn our trash in
both in the nominal and real GDP volcanoes. First, although lava at
growth rates. Yet none of those 2,000 degrees F can melt many
problems has been addressed. As a materials in our trash — including
result, the measurement errors still food scraps, paper, plastics, glass and
persist. There are three major some metals — it’s not hot enough to
reasons why the GDP data, and hence melt many other common materials,
any narrative of economic recovery including steel, nickel and iron.
based on it, are questionable. Second, there aren’t many volcanoes
on Earth that have lava lakes, or
Q. With the reference of the above bowl-like craters full of lava, that we
passage, following assumptions have could dump trash into. Of all of the
been made thousands of volcanoes on Earth,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

scientists know of only eight with power structures for the failure to
active lava lakes. recognise their needs and
aspirations. This shifting of alliances is
Q. The most essential message of the
opportunistic, unrelated to any
given passage is
cohesive national agenda. Coupled
A) Dumping trash into those eight with this, majoritarian groups take
active lava lakes would be a very sustenance with Hindus of multiple
dangerous job. identities being fed on propaganda
that seeks to divide, while the power
B) Volcanoes already give off tons of
structure they have established
toxic gases, including sulphur,
continues to reap electoral dividends.
chlorine and carbon dioxide.
Q. This passage seems to suggests
C) Many indigenous communities
that
view nearby volcanoes as sacred
places. A) India’s diversity must never be
used against it.
D) We can’t throw all our trash into a
volcano and burn it up B) Fundamental complexity that
confronts us as a nation is that as
citizens of this country, we clothe
Passage - 3 ourselves with multiple identities

A nation with multiple individual C) There is also a big divide that is

identities needs to search for taking place between the rich and the
solutions to take India forward. poor
However, the ruling political class
D) None of the above
seeks to exploit these identities for
political power. We, therefore, see
the spectacle of shifting alliances
Passage - 4
when individuals with multiple
identities feel disenchanted with the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Education systems are seeing B) 2 Only

significant inefficiencies that
C) 1 and 2 Both
compromise on quality and
coherence of national plans and D) None of the above
processes. This risks skewing national
capacities and diluting national duty
bearers’ accountabilities. Many of the Passage - 5
ad-hoc or supplementary coordinated
By killing transparency and
processes target a specific group of
competition, crony capitalism is
children or are related to a source of
harmful to free enterprise,
external funding. These processes are
opportunity and economic growth.
often complex, duplicative, and even
Crony capitalism, where rich and the
contradictory when it comes to
influential are alleged to have
prioritization. Coordination is further
received land and natural resources
compartmentalized by development,
and various licences in return for
humanitarian and refugee mandates
payoffs to venal politicians, is now a
Q. With reference of the above major issue to be tackled. One of the
passage, following assumptions have greatest dangers to growth of
been made developing economies like India is
the middle-income trap where crony
1. Health crisis has turned into an
capitalism creates oligarchies that
economic one that is set to cause an
slow down the growth.
inter-generational education crisis.
Q. Which among the following is the
2. Effective country coordination also
most logical corollary to the above
requires time and capacity dedicated
passage?
to supporting governments in their
leadership role. A) Launching more welfare schemes
and allocating more finances for the
Choose the correct option
current schemes are urgently
A) 1 Only needed.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) Efforts should be made to push up a) Some states have asymmetrically higher

population than the rest ones.
economic growth by other means
and provide licences to the poor. b) Next delimitation exercise should not be
conducted due to massive outmigration.
C) Greater transparency in the
c) Next delimitation exercise has to be
functioning of the government and conducted by taking all factors into account
promoting the financial inclusion are which will be an arduous task.
needed at present
d) There is unevenness in number of public
representatives from Uttar Pradesh and
D) We should concentrate more on
Northeast.
developing manufacturing sector
than service sector

Passage - 6 Passage - 7

As we approach 2026, it is important that we Israel has already said that all options are on
start looking at issues and challenges that the the table to “prevent” Iran from going nuclear.
next round of delimitation will pose. The most So, Syria appears to a pawn in this game
glaring factor is that of asymmetry among between the big powers of West Asia.
states with regard to the number of MPs in the Enfeebled by the civil war and dependent on
Lok Sabha. Going by the current demographics, Iran and Russia for survival, Damascus lacks the
a state like Uttar Pradesh will have a three-digit political will and resources to either check Iran’s
representation, while for most states in the influence or deter Israel’s attack. For Syria to
Northeast, the number will be in the singular. see relative peace, there has to be a dial-down
Then there is the issue of massive outmigration in tensions between Israel and Iran. A good
of SCs and STs to urban areas, where their beginning point would be the revival of the
numbers are so dispersed that reserving nuclear deal.
constituencies for them becomes difficult. We
Which among the following is the most logical
will also have to reckon with the very large
and rational inference from above passage ?
number of migrant voters, and some parity
between urban and rural constituencies. a) Syria should broker peace between Iran and
Israel.
Which of the following is the most logical
assumption that can be made from the above b) Syrian peace can only come if their is peace
passage ? between Israel and Iran.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

c) Syria can do nothing against Israel and Iran. The masseter muscle is the most prominent of
the jaw muscles. If you place your fingers on the
d) Iran should not become nuclear power. back of your cheeks and press your teeth
together, you’ll feel the muscle tighten.
Anatomy textbooks generally describe the
masseter as consisting of one superficial and
Passage - 8
one deep part.
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act
Now, researchers have described the structure
(RwPD), 2016, states that the CGA is required to
of the masseter muscle as consisting of an
constitute an expert panel every three years to
additional third, even deeper layer. They
review the identified posts for the its
propose that this layer be given the name
implementation. The act also mandates that
Musculus masseter pars coronidea, which
every government fill at least four per cent of
means the coronoid section of the masseter.
the total vacancies in each of its establishments,
in each group of posts across all cadres, with The passage seems to suggest that ?
persons with benchmark disabilities.However,
the expert panel recommended excluding a) The massater muscle is most important
certain categories of disabilities from the muscle of human body.
reservation in central government posts.
b) Massater muscle consists of two parts.
Which one of the following is the most logical
c) Musculus muscle is the deepest most layer of
and rational inference from the above passage
masseter muscle.
?
d) Third layer of masseter muscle be coronoid
a) Government should strictly adhere to the
section of the masseter.
provisions of PWD Act , 1995 in all avenues of
public employment.

b) Certain category of people with disabilities

should be barred from taking reservations.
Passage - 10

c) Person with benchmark disabilities should be By analysing the fossil, researchers found that
encouraged to apply. oviraptorosaurs — a group of therapods closely
related to birds — took on a distinctive tucking
d) None of the above. posture before they hatched, a behaviour that
had been considered unique to birds. It raises
the possibility that tucking behaviour may have
evolved first among non-avian theropods during
Passage - 9 the Cretaceous period.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which one of the following is essentially

discussed in the passage ?

a) Behaviour of birds while hatching is not

unique.

b) Fossils are made from decay of

oviraptorosaurs and birds.

c) Evolution of birds and ovraptorosaurs.

d) Behaviour of tucking evolved first among

non-avian theropods.

.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions 4. (b)

1. (b) Answer is Option B

Answer is Option B Refer to the statement :" This risks

skewing national capacities and
Statement 1 is out of the context of
diluting national duty bearers’
the passage and hence not a valid
accountabilities. Many of the ad-hoc
option to assume. Second statement
or supplementary coordinated
is a inherent part of the passage and
processes target a specific group of
hence valid to be assume.
children or are related to a source of
2 (d) external funding. "

Answer is Option D Statement 1 is out of the context of

the passage hence not a valid option
Except from Option D all other
to assume
options are either out of the context
or not mentioned in the passage. 5. (c)

3. (a) Answer is Option C

Answer is Option A Greater transparency in the

functioning of the government and
Refer to the statement " This shifting
promoting the financial inclusion is
of alliances is opportunistic,
mandatory because there have been
unrelated to any cohesive national
instances where the elite are
agenda. Coupled with this,
receiving land and natural by bribing
majoritarian groups take sustenance
the politicians. The middle class
with Hindus of multiple identities....."
continues to struggle and is deprived
Option B cannot be correct as it talks of opportunity or economic
about the problem only not about development.
the impact of the problem which is
6. (c)
being discussed in the passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Facts are given in Statement A and D recently known layer of masseter

while Statement B is irrelevant to the muscle.
passage.
Statement A-Prominent of Jaw
Statement C is the most logical muscle
assumption reader can make after
Statement B -> Additional third layer
reading the passage
found in recent research.
7 (b)
Statement C -> It's the deepest
Statement D is irrelevant to the muscle or not is not proven yet as
passage while Statement C is a fact science is evolving.
given. While A can be probable
10. (c)
option , B looks most suitable one.
Statement given in D is mere
8 (d)
inference of the writer while
A -> In each group of posts across all Statement A is about observation by
cadres and not all avenues / all types researchers. Statement B maybe true
of posts. but the passage is not about the fossil
fuels.
B -> "NO" word in itself has become
more absolute statement. Besides
Expert panel has to review identified
posts for implementation and this
rules have to be changed for related
posts as per the passage.

C-> No such inference or observation

has been made in the passage

9 (d)

Statement D is the answer as a

proposal has been given to name the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. There is a direct correlation

Day - 36 between the years of schooling and
Directions for the following 10 (ten) poverty.
items: 2. Present efforts need to be
Read the following passages and augmented to reduce the poverty.
answer the items that follow. Your Choose the correct answer
answers to these questions should be
based on the passage only. A) 1 Only

Passage - 1 B) 2 Only

There has been an appreciable C) 1 and 2 Both

improvement in general literacy D) None of these
levels and in the percentage of
women and men who have
completed 10 years or more of Passage - 2
schooling, which has reached 41 per
cent and 50.2 per cent respectively. With the greenhouse emissions
Of course, much remains to be done, continuing to rise, scientists working
especially because these figures in the region point out that warming
imply that around half of our events over the Antarctic are
workforce still does not have the projected to become more frequent
qualifications and skills to achieve and are likely to last longer. Of the
upward mobility and escape the many outcomes, one that is most
poverty trap. definitive is the rising waters of the
oceans. Under an intermediate
Q. With the reference of the above emission scenario, the sea level rise is
passage, following assumptions have likely to rise from 0.4 metre to 0.8
been made metre, in a non-uniform manner
across the world. The global interest
in mitigating and adapting, to power
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

humankind with the knowledge of of 2020. Unfortunately, all of them

what is in store, has grown manifold will be exposed to security threats. In
in the recent decades, with several fact, research has found that the
multi-partite international “first wave of IoT attacks” had
agreements looking to lower already begun in 2016. This makes
emissions. the expanded IoT a nightmare for
cybersecurity experts, who must
Q. With the reference of the above
figure out how to protect cell phones,
passage, following assumptions have
security systems, vehicles, smart
been done
homes and more devices from being
1. World is becoming more aware breached.
about the impact of climate change
Q. The most essential message of this
then ever before.
passage is
2. Intermediate emission scenario is
A) cybersecurity continues to be the
an hypothetical situation.
number one “external concern” for
choose the correct option Indian policymakers and industry
leaders, regardless of their industry.
A) 1 Only
B) 5G tech is important because it will
B) 2 Only
make IoT a reality.
C) 1 and 2 Both
C) 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT)
D) None of these will add billions of internet-
connected devices into the world.

D) None of the above

Passage - 3

The upcoming 5G rollout is one

reason why experts predict that more Passage - 4
than 36 billion devices will be
connected to the internet by the end
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Military forces are key instruments in D) In a majority of states, military

the security policies of individual issues are obscured by secrecy,
states and are often surrounded by making constructive public or
secrecy. However, transparency in parliamentary debates, scrutiny and
military matters—including defence input very difficult or even
policies, military spending and impossible.
military capability—is generally
considered an essential element for
building trust and confidence Passage - 5
between states. Transparency can
In 2019, internet shutdowns were
also help prevent wasteful spending
used to complicate communication
on the security forces. Furthermore,
among protesters against the
transparency serves several
Citizenship Amendment Bill — even
objectives relating to democratic
though their demonstrations were
oversight, accountability and
legal and peaceful. In January, access
resource allocation. In many
was restricted seven times on the
countries, while such transparency
main sites of the ongoing farmers’
exists in many or most government
protests. Shutdowns are an effective
sectors, it is generally absent in the
way to control the narrative by
security and defence sectors.
curbing communication between
Q. The main focus of the passage is protestors, and preventing them
from disseminating information
A) Balancing transparency and
about their cause online. That is to
national security
say the shutdowns are an excellent
B) The secrecy of military matters is tool for a government that wants to
an illusion. suppress dissent.

C) Governments should agree on the Q. This passage could be an excerpt

need for transparency. from

A) A news report
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) An editorial in newspaper a) It is the best when compared with

Cadillac One of America.
C) A speech in parliament
b) To promote Chinese communist
D) An argument in court hearing
ideology.

c) To promote their own

Passage - 6 manufacturing and avoid foreign one.

Even when visiting other countries, d) It has the best security

Chinese leaders traverse the foreign infrastructure.
land on their specially flown in
Hongqis. They do this in order to
shun foreign manufactured vehicles Passage - 7
and promote their own, which they
A common string that runs through
claim is comparable to the Cadillac
almost all militaries is the dilemma
One of America. The name ‘Hongqi,’
between discipline and justice.
literally meaning ‘red flag’, is
Discipline, no doubt, is the bedrock of
symbolic of China’s Communist
any uniformed force, but should it be
ideology. It is a bullet-proof and
enforced at the cost of justice? How
bomb-proof car with heavy armour
is a balance to be maintained? How
and possesses a self-sealing fuel tank
are the two linked? Are they
that remains safe even under heavy
intertwined? The answer may not be
firing. A truly formidable counterpart
too easy to find, but personally, I feel
to the world’s other state limousines,
that the need for discipline cannot be
the Hongqi is indeed an ode to
allowed to override the concept of
Chinese manufacturing.
justice. Of course, this is not about
The writer is most likely to agree with my opinion, but it was interesting to
which of the following statement note that many in the field feel the
regarding the reason for which same. Justice promotes discipline.
Chinese leaders travel in Hongquis ?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the amount under them to cover a wider
most logical and rational inference section of beneficiaries such as ration
from above passage ? cardholders. And, of course,
implement them well. Expecting poor
a) Justice promotes discipline.
workers to even produce minimal
b) Justice should be promoted first documentation (online registration to
alongwith discipline. generate e-coupons for rations under
Aadhaar cards or job card registration
c) Justice can be enforced at the cost
numbers from construction workers)
of discipline.
is not very fair. This aspect of
d) Discipline should be given primary whether the intended beneficiaries
importance and not justice. are likely to have the necessary
papers must be factored in while
designing a scheme.
Passage - 8
Which among the following is the
While a multiplicity of welfare most logical assumption that can be
schemes raise the probability of made from the above passage ?
reaching out to most of the
a) Number of welfare schemes should
vulnerable households by giving them
be increased and number of people
some form of benefit, they do not
should be increased.
necessarily increase the total benefits
of the target population. In our case, b) Number of benefits should be
three quarters of the respondents increased and number of schemes
managed to benefit, but not to the should be decreased.
extent they could have. Given our
c) Number of welfare schemes should
limited administrative capacity and
be increased and amount should be
that most of these schemes require
increased.
proper administering, it would
probably be better for us to focus on
a few schemes and increase the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

d) Number of people in schemes b) Countries have major control over

should be increased and amount fossil fuels.
should be decreased.
c) There should be more reports
prepared for better implementation
for limiting warming to 1.5 degree
Passage - 9
Celcius.
The inaction by countries world over
d) Countries should act with
is unpardonable, as fossil fuels are
responsibility to limit warming
something governments have
substantial control over. Countries,
either directly or through state
Passage - 10
owned companies, are responsible
for over half of the world’s fossil fuel China’s rapid growth is visible in
production. The remaining half is terms of the fact that it has exceeded
closely moderated by their policies emissions of the other developed
and permits. To quantify the countries in a matter of two decades
production gap, the UN report looks or so. By comparison, the historical
individually at three fossil fuel emitters had over a century to reach
components: coal, oil and gas. It says this level. On cumulative terms,
that global coal, oil and gas however, China’s contribution is
production should annually decrease lower than the other historical
by 11 per cent, 4 percent, and 3 per polluters.
cent respectively between 2020 and
Which among the following is the
2030 to limit warming to 1.5°C
most logical assumption that can be
Which among the following is the made from the above passage ?
most logical and rational inference
a) China has emitted faster than
from the above passage ?
other developed countries.
a) Countries knowingly are inacting
regarding climate change.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

b) China has rapidly grown which is

more than growth by other
developed countries.

c) China has contributed less than

historical polluters.

d) None of the above

.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions cybersecurity experts, who must

figure out how to protect cell phones,
1. (c)
security systems, vehicles, smart
Answer is Option C homes and more devices from being
breached."
Refer to the statement " these figures
imply that around half of our Rest all other statements are out of
workforce still does not have the the context of the above passage
qualifications and skills to achieve
4. (a)
upward mobility
Answer is option A
2 (a)
Refer to the statement " In many
Answer is Option A
countries, while such transparency
Refer to the statement " The global exists in many or most government
interest in mitigating and adapting, to sectors, it is generally absent in the
power humankind with the security and defence sectors."
knowledge of what is in store, has
5. (b)
grown manifold in the recent
decades, with several multi-partite Answer is Option B
international agreements looking to
It could not be a news report as it has
lower emissions."
opinions Refer to the statement "
Statement 2 is more specific and such Shutdowns are an effective way to
thing is not mentioned in the passage control the narrative by curbing
and hence is not a valid assumption. communication between protestors,
and preventing them from
3. (a)
disseminating information about
Answer is option A their cause online. "

Refer to the statement " This makes From the context of the passage it is
the expanded IoT a nightmare for easy to assume that it cannot be a
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

speech or any argument in court amount under them to cover a wider

hearing section of beneficiaries such as ration
cardholders."
6. (c)
Though people also have to be
Refer to this line "They do this in
increased likewise it's not mentioned
order to shun foreign manufactured
in the option giving it a leverage of
vehicles and promote their own ". A
hindsight bias. Whereas other
clearly written statement whereas
statements don't conform with the
other statements are not given due
article.
importance
9 (d)
7 (b)
Statement A -> While inaction by
Statement A -> Merely lines have
countries are mentioned there is no
been copy pasted from the passage
mentioning that they are knowingly
and inferences are drawn on the
doing so.
basis of rational observation.
Statement B is not logical or rational
No inference like statement D can be
but a factual one.
drawn from the paragraph. Besides it
bears negative connotation. Statement C is irrelevant to the
passage.
Refer to line , "I feel that the need for
discipline cannot be allowed to 10. (d)
override the concept of justice".
Facts have been deciphered in
Hence Statement D can't be the
statement A and D. This cannot be
answer.
logical assumption.
8 (b)
Contents from Statement B are
Refer to these lines ".. it would irrelevant to the things refered in
probably be better for us to focus on paragraph.
a few schemes and increase the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

potent force and you get the sense

Day - 37 that the youth are impatiently
Directions for the following 10 (ten) shedding all inhibition.
items: Which one of the following is/are the
Read the following passages and most logical and rational
answer the items that follow. Your inference(s) that can be made from
answers to these questions should be the above passage?
based on the passage only. 1. Each society differs fundamentally
Passage - 1 and must be evaluated in terms of its
own structures
Currently, Indian society is divided
into those who feel that an insidious 2. The opinions and ideas of scholars
Western influence has turned us into passed down over generations have
stunted copycats and that we should profound effect on society
carefully reexamine our glorious past Choose from the following options:
to appreciate our uniqueness. The
others, a far smaller number, fear (a) 1 only
that a self-congratulatory (b) 2 only
ethnocentrism prevails, closing our
minds to established facts from (c) Both of them
around the world. The truth, as (d) Neither of them
always, lies somewhere in between.
Even in India, the winds of change are
impossible to miss. The stories we Passage - 2
have been told about ourselves,
family diktats on how we should live, Certain sectors wherein reasonable
seem unconvincing, at odds with a clarity already existed from a central
global reality. Laws support LGBTQ standpoint—under the erstwhile
rights, single working women are a service tax regime—are facing
complications under the GST regime.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

One such sector which continues to (c) GST doesn't seem to have
suffer is the travel and hospitality achieved its stated objectives
sector. Since the inception of the GST commendably
regime, e-commerce operators
(d) GST may end up seriously hurting
(ECOs) in the travel space, especially
the online travel start-up space in
the online travel agents, have been
India.
burdened with a large number of
compliance requirements. It is
important to note here that this
Passage - 3
sector has also suffered the most
during the pandemic, amidst Labour regulations are only part of
lockdowns and travel restrictions. the problem. Inadequate skilled
The complications and contradictions labour is also a major constraint, and
this sector faces have continued to can lead to substitution of machines
increase with newer regulatory or more automated processes for
changes. workers. India’s education system
reflects its society—highly stratified.
What of following statement is most
There are some elite institutions,
logical conclusion of the above
which feed India’s elite jobs, and a
passage?
struggling primary and secondary
(a) The Goods and Services Tax (GST) education system, which does not
was meant to simplify taxes and impart basic education as it is
remove the unpredictability of supposed to, to those who are at the
indirect taxation. bottom rungs. India is a highly
stratified society, and economic
(b) The GST regime has introduced
inequality has been increasing. There
certain hurdles for e-commerce
is naturally and deservedly a lot of
operators in the travel space
attention on the bottom rungs of
society and the economy. Top
policymakers, also naturally, focus on
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

making India great again (MIGA, to (a) 1 only

coin a new acronym). Pushing for
(b) 1 and 2 only
global champions for the Indian
economy—firms that will compete (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
successfully with multinational
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
giants—is an aspect of MIGA.

With reference to the above passage,

which of the following is/are the Passage - 4
most rational and practical
For the first few million years of
implications(s)?
human evolution, technologies
1. Vocation Education and Training changed slowly. Some three million
(VET) needs to be encouraged for the years ago, our ancestors were making
students to enter the workforce chipped stone flakes and crude
when a standard high school choppers. Two million years ago,
education is not enough, or a college hand-axes. A million years ago,
education is out of reach. primitive humans sometimes used
fire, but with difficulty. Then, 500,000
2. Policymakers have to focus upon
years ago, technological change
improving financing conditions and
accelerated, as spearpoints,
reduce some regulatory burdens for
firemaking, axes, beads and bows
the lower and middle classe.
appeared. This technological
3. Local governments should be revolution was not the work of one
financially and technology group of people. Innovations arose in
empowered different groups – modern Homo
sapiens, primitive sapiens, possibly
4. India needs small firms that will be
even Neanderthals – and then
productive and will grow to be
spread. Many key inventions were
successful in the long run.
unique: one-offs. Instead of being
Choose from the following options: invented by different people
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

independently, they were discovered their grunts, pops, growls and whines
once, then shared. That implies a few play in communication. For instance,
clever people created many of we now know that many
history’s big inventions. commercially important fish species,
like cod and haddock, choreograph
Which one of the following is/are the
their complex courtship displays by
most logical and rational inference(s)
producing grunts and hums. Sound
that can be made from the above
plays an equally important role in the
passage?
complex sex life of the noisy
1. The earlier ages saw a pattern Caribbean coral reef fish, the black
where technologies like spears, fire hamlet. These fish are simultaneous
and bows were invented once, then hermaphrodites and produce both
spread. sperm and eggs at the same time.
They make noises during courtship to
2. Instead of reinventing
signal to their partner whether they
technologies, many advances were
are temporarily acting as the “male”
made just once, then spread widely.
or the “female” as they trade sex
Choose from the following options: cells.

(a) 1 only Which among the following is the

most logical assumption that can be
(b) 2 only
made from the above passage?
(c) Both of them
(a) By listening to the ocean, we have
(d) Neither of them begun to truly understand and
address the many challenges it faces.

(b) We can use the knowledge of

Passage - 5
sounds to help damaged coral reefs
Scientists are now discovering the recover quickly and successfully
extent to which aquatic animals
produce sound, and the role that
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) Our improved understanding of (a) Favours the models of Socialism

underwater sounds on coral reefs and Anarchism
and fishes might help scientists keep
(b) Favours the idea of Universal
track of how these ecosystems are
Basic Income
faring.
(c) Is against the modern technology
(d) Evolution has adapted fish for life
particularly AI
in environments where cues other
than sound may be less reliable. (d) Is against the idea of Universal
basic income

Passage - 6
Passage - 7
In 1920, Bertrand Russell argued for a
new social model that combined the India, with a gross domestic product
advantages of socialism and of $2.6 trillion and the massive
anarchism, and that basic income potential of its working-age
should be a vital component in that population, is set to be the world’s
new society. More recently, third-largest economy by 2050. At
particularly after Covid highlighted the moment, India does not have
large inequalities, and with rising bilateral trade deals with either the
concern that technology (particularly US or the European Union, presenting
AI) could both widen these post-Brexit Britain with an
inequalities and, perhaps, even opportunity to get in there first.,It
change the nature of work, universal helps that there is already a large
basic income (UBI) has come under Indian diaspora in the UK, mostly
more serious consideration. It has because of historic colonial links
already been tried to a limited extent between Britain and India. According
in several countries. to the 2011 census, there were more
than 14 lakh people of Indian origin in
The passage:
the UK, and although last year’s
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

census data are yet to be published, another way, GDP is like a ledger that
it is a safe assumption that the will not accept red ink. Like an
number will have grown. accounting trick, it has allowed us to
vent greenhouse gasses into the
Q. With the reference of the above
atmosphere, destroy habitats and
passage, following assumptions have
neglect human wellbeing without
been made
ever having to worry about the
1. Britain badly wants a trade deal consequences.
with India – and it may offer
Q. With the reference of the above
thousands of work visas in return.
passage, following assumptions have
2. Indians were granted more been made
sponsored skilled-worker visas than
1. As the environment becomes
any other group in UK
crucial for economies, it’s time for
Choose the correct option GDP to become practical for nature.

A) 1 only 2. Now the time has come to replace

the Gross domestic product with
B) 2 Only
Gross ecosystem product
C) 1 and 2 Both
choose the correct option
D) None of these
A) 1 Only

B) 2 Only
Passage - 8
C) 1 and 2 Both
Without ever having to acknowledge
D) None of these
how nature has contributed to
economic growth, GDP has promoted
unsustainable practices that have
Passage - 9
contributed to the climate and
biodiversity emergencies. To put it
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Currently, Indian society is divided

into those who feel that an insidious
Passage - 10
Western influence has turned us into
stunted copycats and that we should In another webinar on practical
carefully reexamine our glorious past examples of child participation, we
to appreciate our uniqueness. The heard about a child peacebuilding
others, a far smaller number, fear project in Sri Lanka. The project
that a self-congratulatory brought together Christian, Buddhist,
ethnocentrism prevails, closing our Hindu and Muslim children to take
minds to established facts from joint actions such as engaging with
around the world. The truth, as each other’s faith celebrations and
always, lies somewhere in between. rituals and cleaning up public spaces.
Even in India, the winds of change are What was most illuminating was the
impossible to miss. The stories we project’s ripple effect; increasingly,
have been told about ourselves, the broader communities began to
family diktats on how we should live, trust one another more due to the
seem unconvincing, at odds with a children’s relationships.
global reality.
Q. Which among the following is the
Q. This passage suggests which most essential message of this above
among the following passage

A) How the past informs the present A) Giving children a voice against
violence
B) Each society differs fundamentally
and must be evaluated in terms of its B) How can faith actors enable
own structures children to end.

C) The ultimate freedom is having C) Faith actors often enjoy high levels
the power to change the past of trust among their communities

D) None of these
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) People's trust in faith leaders is

the most important feature of the
society
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions

1. (d)

Answer is D

First statement is an extreme

statement and nowhere indicated in
the passage.

Second statement is out of context.

2 (b)

3. (c)

Answer is C

All of the above except statement

third are direct solutions to the
problems given in the above passage.
(Similar type of question was asked
by UPSC in 2020)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

The above question was asked by not the valid assumptions to be made
UPSC in 2020. In this question, all the , so Option D is the correct answer.
statements are direct solutions to the
8 (a)
problems given in passage except the
first statement. So Answer of the Answer is Option A
above PYQ is B.
Refer to the statement " Without
ever having to acknowledge how
nature has contributed to economic
4. (c)
growth, GDP has promoted
Answer is C unsustainable practices that have
contributed to the climate and
Refer to the last lines of the passage.
biodiversity emergencies. To put it
5. (c) another way," .

Answer is C 9 (a)

All the statements except third are Answer is Option A

definite claims without an evidence
Refer to the statement " Even in
or indication in the passage. Hence
India, the winds of change are
only 3rd is correct.
impossible to miss. The stories we
6. (b) have been told about ourselves,
family diktats on how we should live,
Answer is B
seem unconvincing, at odds with a
Quite easy. global reality. "
7 (d) 10. (a)
Answer is Option D Answer is option A
Both the statements are out of the Option A sums up the passage
context of the passage and hence are without losing the important
message which is being conveyed by
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

the passage and hence is the correct

answer
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

communicate to the larger society

Day - 38 the risk involved in continuing with
Directions for the following 10 (ten) existing practices in our resource use
items: and environmental management, and
the retarding effect that
Read the following passages and environmental stress can perpetuate
answer the items that follow. Your on development.
answers to these questions should be
based on the passage only. What is the central message of the
passage?
Passage - 1
(a) It is now important to consider
The concept of the planetary people and the planet as being a part
boundary was introduced by a group of an interconnected social-ecological
of scientists across the world, led by system
J. Rockström of the Stockholm
Resilience Centre in 2009. This was to (b) There is now widespread
highlight that human-induced awareness about the environment
environmental change can and several initiatives both at the
irrevocably destabilise the long-term level of the government and the
dynamics of the earth system, community.
thereby disrupting the life-supporting (c) It is now well established that
system of the planet. Both global and there are interdependencies of earth
local evidence indicate that system processes including social
biodiversity loss, climate change, land processes, and their relationships are
system/land-use change, disruption non-linear and dialectic.
of biogeochemical cycles, and scarcity
of freshwater availability are a threat
and increase the vulnerability of (d) Both (a) and (c)
society. The purpose of the planetary
pressure adjusted HDI, or PHDI, is to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 2 Choose from the following options:

It has been claimed that the (a) 1 only

implementation of the Goods and
(b) 2 only
Services Tax (GST) in India was a
grand experiment in cooperative (c) Both of them
federalism in which both the Union
(d) Neither of them
and the States joined hands to
rationalise cascading domestic trade
taxes and evolve a value-added tax
Passage - 3
on goods and services. Although the
rate structure was presumed to be Public discourse has been mainly
revenue neutral, the States agreed to around the question of trust of the
forgo their revenue autonomy in citizens in government. But, trust the
favour of tax harmonisation. This was other way round—of institutions in
in the hope that it would turn out to the stake holders—is equally
be a money machine in the medium important. Institutional regulation is
term due to improved compliance dependent on the adherence of the
arising from the self-policing nature stakeholders to the letter and spirit
of the tax. of the law. Flagrant violation or
gaming of the system by those who
Which one of the following is/are the
are the subject of the law seriously
most logical and rational inference(s)
erodes the effectiveness of the
that can be made from the above
regulation. Besides, suspicion can be
passage?
the cause of over regulation.
1. The transition to GST is very
Which one of the following is/are the
difficult and uncomfortable for the
most logical and rational inference(s)
States to roll out crucial changes.
that can be made from the above
2. GST is not able to fullfill its passage?
objectives as a reform catalyst
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Trust in government or its thus linked to the insertion of a local

institutions has deteriorated in recent body list. Countervailing pressure by
years. citizens increasingly demands
efficient delivery of such public
(b) Trust in public institutions is easily
goods. But without delegation of
eroded by perceptions such as of
funds, functions and functionaries,
corruption
presently left to the whims of state
(c) The responsibility for the efficient governments, local governments are
functioning of the regulations unable to respond.
depends equally on the trust the
With the reference of the above
government can repose in the
passage, the following assumptions
stakeholders.
have been made :
(d) Trust in government has been
1. Delegation of powers to local
identified one of the most important
governments is important to enable
foundations upon which the
them to respond to pressure from
legitimacy and sustainability of
citizens who demand greater
political systems are built
efficiency in this matter

2. Public good is something that must

Passage - 4 be delivered by the government.

Every public good is optimally Choose the correct options

delivered at a certain level of
(a) 1 only
government. Delivery becomes sub-
optimal both above that level and (b) 2 only
below that level. Most public goods
(c) Both of them
people will think of are efficiently
delivered at the local government (d) Neither of them
level, not Union or state level. There
is a Seventh Schedule issue that is
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 5 1. Making India's manufacturing

sector labor intensive will solve the
The absorption of women in the
problem of women participation.
workforce, as compared to men, is
much less for two main reasons. One, 2. Overall there is job crisis for both
most women were involved in men and women
agricultural jobs in rural areas; the
choose the correct option
mechanisation of these jobs has had
a huge impact on female labour force 1. A Only
participation in the country. Two,
2. B Only
India’s manufacturing sector is not
labour- intensive. This has made it 3. 1 and 2 Both
difficult to compensate women who
4. None of these
got displaced from agricultural jobs.
There has been a lot of discussion
about how women’s role as primary
Passage - 6
caregivers and ownership of domestic
chores is a reason for the low Most of us must have heard about
participation of women in the the surya namaskar. Its significance
workforce. The cultural norms and goes much beyond a salutation to the
deep roots of patriarchy apparently sun. It has a profound impact on the
limit women’s labour participation in physical, mental and spiritual well-
India. In fact, young women tend to being of humans. When performed
abstain from looking for a job when appropriately on a regular basis, the
their own brothers cannot find one. surya namaskar not only improves
our vitality and immunity but also
Q. With the reference of the above
helps maintain mental balance in a
passage, following assumptions have
fast-moving and stress-generating
been done
world.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q. Which among the following is the make their voices heard. As UNICEF,
most essential message of the above we must stand with them and
passage increase these opportunities.

A) Makar Sankranti is an occasion to Q. The main focus of the passage is

celebrate surya namaskar
A) A focus on adolescent girls is an
B) the surya namaskar improves investment in Ghana’s future
physical vitality and immunity and
B) Programmes and interventions
helps maintain mental balance in a
centred on girls reap benefits for
fast-changing world.
everyone.
C) Its significance is as a salutation to
C) We need targeted interventions to
the Sun.
reduce persistent gender gaps.
D) None of the above
D) Resources for girl-centred
programming remain scarce.

Passage - 7

Beyond digital safety, we want to be Passage - 8

sure girls have greater ownership of
Knowledge-based industries have
digital spaces. We need to close the
become more prominent, and jobs
digital gender divide so that all girls
that require a higher level of skill
can access information online and
have gone up in demand,” said
offline, at the same rate as their male
Anandorup Ghose, partner at Deloitte
peers. We also want to see more
India. “While this has meant that the
platforms for adolescent girls to
perception of India as a destination
share their views and participate in
for higher quality has become more
advocacy. Adolescent girls have very
important than a destination for
visibly led some of UNICEF Ghana’s
labour arbitrage, it has also meant
public advocacy on issues that affect
that there are greater expectations of
them, using tools such as U-Report to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

skilled resources being able to closely related to a society's level of

provide world-class standards.” political development."

Q208. With the reference of the In the context of political

above passage, following development, the assumption in the
assumptions have been done above passage is that

1. How India is wasting its potential (a) political leadership is not an

demographic dividend. effective instrument.

2. It is the quality of talent that will (b) military fills in political vacuum.
determine their actual impact – and
(c) military intervention is inevitable
that should concern India.
for development.
choose the correct option
(d) None of the above
A) 1 Only
.
B) 2 Only

C) 1 and 2 Both

D) None of these

Passage - 9

"If political leadership fails to emerge,

there is likelihood of military taking
over power in developing countries.
Radical student groups or labour may
try to raise revolution but they are
not likely to compete with the
military. Military intervention, rule,
and withdrawal from politics is
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions

1. (d) Both statements are extreme

statements. Also the passage talks
Answer is D
only about the initial hopes from the
Second statement is incorrect as GST. It does not talks about the
there is no indication in the passage fulfillment of the hopes
regarding "several initiatives both at
3. (c)
the level of the government and the
community." Answer is C

Third statement is correct. Refer to The whole idea of the passage is not
these lines of the passage "Both about the trust of stakeholders in
global and local evidence indicate government. It is about the trust of
that biodiversity loss, climate change, government in stakeholders
land system/land-use change,
4. (a)
disruption of biogeochemical cycles,
and scarcity of freshwater availability Answer is A
are a threat and increase the
Second statement is an extreme
vulnerability of society."
statement.
You might be confused here that
5. (b)
third statement sounds like an
extreme statement due to the word Answer is Option B
"now well established" in it. But still it
Refer to the statement" In fact,
is correct. Because the language of
young women tend to abstain from
the passage itself is strong and
looking for a job when their own
evidence based
brothers cannot find one"
2 (d)
statement 1 is purely an imaginary
Answer is D solution which cannot be taken as a
valid assumption
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

6. (b) The keyword here is “assumption”.

The only logical assumption here is
Answer is Option B
(b) – indicated in the passage.
The language of the passage suggests
that the author wants to correlate
the benefits of the suryanamaskar
with todays world . So Option B is the
correct answer.

7 (c)

Answer is Option C

Refer to the statement " We need to

close the digital gender divide so that
all girls can access information online
and offline, at the same rate as their
male peers."

8 (b)

Answer is Option B

Refer to the statement" While this

has meant that the perception of
India as a destination for higher
quality has become more important
than a destination for labour
arbitrage,"

9 (b)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

inference(s) that can be made from

Day - 39 the above passage?
Directions for the following 10 (ten) 1. Women have been serving in the
items: armed forces of developed countries
Read the following passages and for a long time.
answer the items that follow. Your 2. Allowing a mixed gender force
answers to these questions should be keeps the military strong
based on the passage only.
Choose from the options:
Passage - 1
(a) 1 only
The number of women officers in the
force has remained dismally low all (b) 2 only
these three decades. This is despite (c) Both of them
women being inducted as permanent
commissioned officers in the legal (d) Neither of them
and education corps since 2008 and
as permanent commissioned officers
in eight more non-combative corps in Passage - 2
2020: As recent as 2020, women An important distinguishing feature
officers in the Indian army (excluding of the post enlightenment period is
the medical corps) numbered just the emphasis upon individual free
about three per cent. Compare this to will, in addition to the ability to
16 per cent in the US, 15 per cent in critically think and reason.
France and 10 per cent in both Russia Information became a resource for
and the UK. Hopefully, the SC order liberation. However, the human
would turn out to be a game- mind, akin to any machine in
changer. existence, can be “hacked”. The
Which one of the following is/are the objective of this cognitive warfare or
most logical and rational 6th generation warfare is the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

delegitimisation of one’s government expected to increase in the coming

by sowing discord and creating year.
divisions amongst the citizenry to
(b) The use of cognitive warfare
compel the adversary to accept one’s
showcases that a new avenue for
political will. In essence, this form of
contestation has emerged
warfare aims at the third element of
sovereignty, an independent (c) Under today's geopolitical
government, free for foreign scenario, states are constantly
interference. By “conveying to a unaware, whether they are under any
partner or an opponent specially cognitive attack or not.
prepared information” states aim to
(d) States aim to extend methods
“incline him to voluntarily make the
created for implementing interior
predetermined decision,” thereby,
control to audiences beyond its
enforcing “reflexive control”. The
border
ultimate objective of this exercise is
the altering of the target’s core belief
system and understanding of the
Passage - 3
world through interception of their
‘observe, orient, decide, and act’ A domain that used to be almost
loop. entirely state-run now has large
numbers of private and other non-
Which one of the following is/are the
state players. The entry of new
most logical and rational
commercial actors span across
inference(s) that can be made from
various facets, from satellite
the above passage?
manufacturing and satellite launches
(a) With increasing complexity in to developing propulsion
technology, and increasing technologies and space-based
geopolitical tensions, the services. The advent of private
weaponisation of the mind space is enterprise in the space sector has
ushered in many benefits, the biggest
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

of which is the democratisation of future as terrestrial geopolitical

space, bringing down the cost and rivalries are being mirrored in outer
making space much more accessible. space
Satellite manufacturing and launch
(b) Space has become an
prices have come down and the entry
overpopulated domain with the
of more players across different
increase in the number of players as
regions will fast-track it further. A big
well as the growing space debris.
change is also that private sector
participation is no longer restricted to (c) Many countries are realising the
the West, which was the case earlier, importance of private enterprises in
but has spread to other regions as space sector
well, including Asia. Ambitious
(d) Utilising outer space is critical for
projects from colonising the Moon
the social, economic, and scientific
and Mars to asteroid mining and
growth
space tourism are part of the
investments that the private sector is
making. Space tourism also made
Passage - 4
some important strides in 2021, with
Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic taking In Mahatma Gandhi's view, industrial
paying customers on sub-orbital civilisation fostered by British rule
flights. Meanwhile, SpaceX has was the main cause of India's social,
developed a reusable spacecraft, ecological and economic distress. He
meant for transporting both crew and believed that India's salvation lay in
cargo to space. the restoration of its ancient
civilisation where economic progress
Which among the following is the
and moral progress intertwined.
most logical assumption that can be
Gandhi knew that "India lives in her
made from the above passage?
seven lakh villages" thereforethe
(a) The lack of space governance will economic and social revival of these
prove to be a problem in the near villages is a pre-condition for
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

reconstruction of India. He wanted to Which of the following, if true, would

make the villages self-sufficient and strengthen the conclusion about the
build a rural economy which is not advantages of rural life?
solely based on agriculture and allied
(a) In rural areas, the roads are
activities but also has strong rural
extremely bad and transport facilities
industries thereby generating
are also bad.
employment for the villagers.
(b) As the people there are poor they
Mahatma Gandhi was against the:
ignore their health and hygiene
(a) Strong industries factors.

(b) Industrial civilization of British rule (c) The air that the rural people
breathe is pure.
(c) Urbanisation
(d) There are few doctors and
(d) Modern Technology
hospitals in the rural area.

Passage - 5
Passage - 6
Rural life refers to the life of the
Social Emotional Learning (SEL) skills
people living in villages and under
taught through creative exploration
developed areas.Some of the
and inquiry can allow human beings
facilities of town life are not available
to foster awareness, compassion and
in the rural sides. Many people from
self-expression for themselves and
rural come to the city for for studying
with the world around them. All
or for earning a living as there is no
children need in order to be truly
proper education facilities available
creative is the freedom to commit
in the rural areas. There are many
themselves completely to the effort
advantages as well as disadvantages
and make whatever activity they are
when it comes to the rural life.
doing their own. Creativity does not
have a definition, as what's important
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

in any creative act is the process of perspectives and acknowledge the

self-expression. There are no rules for positive aspects, like more and more
self-expression. people are becoming aware of the
climate threat. Another aspect is to
Q. With the reference of the above
have trust that there are at least
passage, following assumptions have
some powerful actors who act
been made
responsibly in this respect. Young
1. Self-expression is an important people who use meaning-focused
part for the Social Emotional strategies for coping have trust in a
Learning. diverse set of actors, for example,
scientists, politicians, technological
2. Freedom is a vital part for fostering
development, and the climate change
the awareness and compassion
movement. Meaning-focused coping
choose the correct option is positively related to a sense that
you can influence, individual and
A) 1 Only
collective climate engagement, and
B) 2 Only subjective well-being.

C) 1 and 2 Both Q. With the reference of the above

passage, following assumptions have
D) None of these
been done

1. Trust as well as meaning focused

Passage - 7 strategies is essential to cop climate
crisis.
A constructive way to cope with
climate change is to activate hope by 2. Young people tend to use more
using meaning-focused strategies. meaning focused strategies.
One aspect of meaning-focused
choose the correct option
coping is to acknowledge the
graveness of the climate crisis while A) 1 Only
at the same time being able to switch
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) 2 Only B) More complex work that could

only be done by humans can now be
C) 1 and 2 Both
done by machines.
D) None of these .
C) Digital divide vs. digital dividend

D) Asia to fully reap this digital

Passage - 8 opportunity as the world’s main
engine of growth
The movement towards more
automation and digitalization may
bring global economic challenges, but
Passage - 9
it also provides opportunities for Asia
to bolster its economy and reap the The growth of the RTS( Roof Top
digital dividend—the economic Solar) segment is highly dependent
benefits that come from going digital. on the regulatory framework. Slow
To maintain its global growth has been primarily caused by
competitiveness and to keep the the absence or withdrawal of state-
world’s main engine of growth level policy support for the RTS
running, Asia’s policymakers need to segment, especially for the business
tackle disruptions caused by and industrial segment, which makes
automation and robots by supporting up the bulk of target consumers. Net
job creation without stifling metering regulations are one of the
innovation. This fine balance is easier major obstacles facing the sector. Net
said than done, but policies that can metering allows surplus power
help. produced by RTS systems to be fed
back into the grid. Discoms
Q. The main focus of the passage is
compensate consumers for this
A) Asia is the global leader in surplus power they provide against
employing robots for manufacturing . their electricity bills. The Union
power ministry earlier mandated net
metering for loads up to 10 kW and
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

gross metering for loads greater than resulting in the degradation of the
10 kW in its first draft of the entire forests. Continuity of forested
Electricity Rights of Consumers Rules, landscapes and corridors gets
2020. disrupted 'affecting several
extinction-prone species of wildlife.
Q. The most essential message of the
Habitat fragmentation, is therefore
above passage is
considered as the most serious threat
A) Why India is now considered to be to biodiversity conservation. Ad hoc
a laggard globally grants of forest lands to mining
companies coupled with rampant,
B) Rooftop solar in India needs easy
illegal mining is aggravating this
financing, unrestricted net metering,
threat.
and an easy regulatory process to
make it attractive to developers . Q. What is the central focus of this
passage?
C) The RTS numbers in most states
are dismal A) Illegal mining in forests

D) None of the above B)) Extinction of wildlife

C) Conservation of nature

Passage - 10 D) Disruption of habitat

Ecological -research over the last

quarter of the century has
established the deleterious effects of
habitat fragmentation due to mining,
highways and such other intrusions
on forests. When a largE block of
forests gets fragmented into smaller
bits, the edges of all these bits come
into contact with human activities
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions private enterprise in the space sector.

And it is opposite to the idea of the
1. (d)
passage.
Answer is D
Third statement is correct. Refer to
First statement is incorrect as these lines of the passage "A big
passage is just talking about the change is also that private sector
percentage of women in armed participation is no longer restricted to
forces of several countries. There is the West, which was the case earlier,
no special mention of developed but has spread to other regions as
category of countries. well, including Asia."

Second statement is out of context 4. (b)

and hence in correct.
5. (c)
2 (b)
Answer is C
Answer is B
Option 3 is the correct answer as it is
Refer to these lines of the passage the only statement which talks about
"The objective of this cognitive the advantages of rural life. It tells
warfare or 6th generation warfare is that the air there is pure as it is
the delegitimisation of one’s pollution free because there are not
government by sowing discord and many industries to pollute the areas
creating divisions amongst the and such.
citizenry to compel the adversary to
The other statements talk about the
accept one’s political will."
disadvantages of rural life as
3. (c) mentioned that road and transport
facilities are bad, few hospitals and
Answer is C
not proper education is available
First and second statement are about there. But these do not satisfy the
the cons of increase participation of question asked, thus are discarded.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

6. (c) Refer to the statement " Slow growth

has been primarily caused by the
Answer is Option C
absence or withdrawal of state-level
Refer to the statement " Creativity policy support for the RTS segment,
does not have a definition, as what's especially for the business and
important in any creative act is the industrial segment, which makes up
process of self-expression. " the bulk of target consumers."

7 (a) 10. (d)

Answer is Option A Answer is Option D

Statement 2 is out of the context of Try getting the essence of the

the passage and hence not a valid passage, which is: “Due to some
option to assume while statement 1 activities like mining, highways etc,
is itself an intrinsic part of the there is disruption in landscapes and
passage corridors. This is affecting several
species of wild life.”
8 (c)

Answer is option C

Refer to the statement " To maintain

its global competitiveness and to
keep the world’s main engine of
growth running, Asia’s policymakers
need to tackle disruptions caused by
automation and robots by supporting
job creation without stifling
innovation."

9 (b)

Answer is Option B
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which one of the following is/are the

Day - 40 most logical and rational
Directions for the following 10 (ten) inference(s) that can be made from
items: the above passage?

Read the following passages and (b) The recent transplant of a pig’s
answer the items that follow. Your heart into a man highlights the close
answers to these questions should be connection between species
based on the passage only. (b) Transplantation to replace failing
Passage - 1 organs is one of the spectacular
achievements of medicine in the last
A few days ago, from the midst of the century.
daily gloom of COVID-19, came
uplifting news of a pathbreaking (c) Given organ shortage, it is
surgical procedure in a New York intuitive that scientists would turn to
hospital. A pig’s heart was animals.
successfully transplanted into a 57- (d) There are several ethical
year-old man dying of heart failure. challenges to overcome before
The ‘xenotransplant’, as interspecies xenotransplantation of porcine
transplants are called, was a organs become a reality.
reminder of the endless possibilities
to treat otherwise untreatable
diseases. Pigs have been preferred as Passage - 2
ideal candidates for
xenotransplantation despite their Notwithstanding the eventual
immune system being different from introduction of the Cryptocurrency
humans for the simple reason that and Regulation of Official Digital
the porcine organs are anatomically Currency Bill in Parliament,
similar to those of humans. cryptocurrencies continue to
proliferate. In fact, a liberal estimate
suggests that as many as 10 crore
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Indians may already have exchanges, it is difficult to arrive at a

investments exceeding a total of $10 fair market value.
million in them. This not only creates
(d) Identities of taxpayers who
an avenue for generation of tax
transact with cryptocurrencies
revenue for the nation but also puts
remain anonymous.
forth a Herculean challenge for the
tax authorities who have to track and
tax transactions involving
Passage - 3
cryptocurrencies. Since
cryptocurrencies are unlike any other India’s millions of distributors and
asset class, stored and traded intermediaries have no access to such
virtually, there are varied challenges finance. They are typically small
which need to be addressed in order businesses built over many decades
to streamline the process of taxing by pledging their personal assets as
crypto transactions. collateral in return for meagre bank
loans. These small companies are cut
Which among the following is the
off from the endless stream of free
most logical assumption that can be
foreign money that gushes into new
made from the above passage?
age ‘startups’ and established large
(a) The absence of explicit tax corporates. Evidently, these
provisions has led to uncertainty and companies use the money to not only
varied interpretations regarding build new technologies but also to
taxation of cryptocurrencies undercut competitors and steal
market share. They are able to
(b) A streamlined tax regime is pivotal
sustain huge losses for several years
to a clear, constructive and adaptive
until they destroy incumbents and
regulatory environment
gain dominant market share. After
(c) There is no consistency in the which, they will presumably raise
rates provided by the crypto- their prices to turn profitable.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the scholars describe an increasingly

most logical assumption that can be flashy vision of urbanisation. While
made from the above passage? green roofs, electric vehicles and
solar power would be welcome, they
(a) Disruption by new innovations is
would not replace conservation of
driven not entirely by technology
natural flood plains, rivers,
innovation but also through pricing
mangroves, marshes and gardens. It
power.
would be the future-proofing that
(b) Big companies are able to absorb India’s cities need, to avert sudden
heavy losses from the competition dysfunction caused by climate
because they have access to copious events.
amounts of money.
Which one of the following is/are the
(c) Behind the veil of technology most logical and rational
innovation of some startups lies a inference(s) that can be made from
murky abuse of pricing power. the above passage?

(d) All of the above (a) Urbanization is the main cause

behind the occurrence of climate
disasters
Passage - 4
(b) Climate impacts are certain to
The monsoon of 2021 in Chennai, affect cities fundamentally and
with its black swan evening of 24 cm significantly.
rain, raises a question: would urban
(c) What is needed is a central role
development be more sustainable
for democratically-elected local
and equitable if the guiding principle
governments, to ensure greater
is climate change? This new approach
inclusion and a sense of community.
would prioritise ecological and
sustainability concerns over (d) What India needs today is not
aesthetics, and reject market- smart cities but sound and functional
oriented ‘fantasy plans’, as some villages
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

1. People on social media gravitate

towards like-minded people despite
Passage - 5
frequent interaction with ideas and
Technologies have changed the scale people with whom they disagree.
and structure of human networks;
2. We need a better understanding of
and led to abundance and virality of
the broader psychosocial effect of
information. Social scientists
technology, specifically in the Indian
hypothesise that these rapid
context.
transitions are altering how
individuals and groups influence each Choose the correct options
other within our social systems. The
(a) 1 only
pace of technological evolution
coupled with the speed of diffusion (b) 2 only
of these influences has also meant
(c) Both of them
that we neither fully understand the
changes nor can we predict their (d) Neither of them
outcomes. Others have focused on
their effects on the evolution of
individual, political, social, cultural Passage - 6
identities. These identities can be
An asset is something that has a
shaped consciously or subconsciously
tangible value. Even if its immediate
by our interactions, and consequently
utility is intangible, an asset should
affect how we process information
have some tangible benefits. The
and respond to events in digital and
cryptocurrencies being promoted
physical spaces.
currently — bitcoin, litecoin,
With the reference of the above ethereum — are nothing but gaming
passage, the following assumptions points. Whenever a discussion on
have been made : cryptos takes place, promoters talk of
blockchain technology. This
technology is just a technique to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

account for transactions and has young people and their families is
nothing to do with cryptocurrencies, similar: risks and opportunities
except that the cryptocurrencies’ defined not only by age, but by the
digital exchange is being maintained sometimes very different
in blockchain format. experiences, motivations and risks of
boys and girls.
Q. With the reference of the above
passage, following assumptions have Q. This is sensitive issue based article
been done which tries to senstise the readers
about
1. Cryptocurrencies are neither a
currency nor an investment. A) Helping migrant and displaced
children thrive
2. Cryptocurrencies have absolutely
no value and cannot be considered B) Many migrants and displaced
an asset. families face perilous, gender-specific
challenges on their journeys.
Choose the correct option
C) Assessing the needs of and
A) 1 Only
increasing investments focussed on
B) 2 Only pregnant women and families with
young children in every humanitarian
C) Both 1 and 2
and displacement situation.
D) Neither 1 nor 2
D) Far more research is necessary to
fully understand the journeys of
migrants
Passage - 7

Violence, conflict, natural disasters,

poverty – the circumstances pushing Passage - 8
millions of children across the globe
A very simple technique that you
to leave their homes are multitude.
could try right now is to close your
But the reality facing many of these
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

eyes for a couple of minutes and Passage - 9

count how many sounds you can
With declining animal biodiversity,
hear. This will help to focus you on
fewer seeds will reach new grounds.
what is happening right now. Another
Consequently, plants might lose their
technique is to focus on a piece of
ability to migrate to a newer and
food, typically a raisin. Instead of
more suitable environment. In their
eating it without thinking, slow down.
new study, Fricke and his colleagues
Look carefully at it and notice how it
quantified the magnitude of seed-
feels in your fingers. Smell it. Then
dispersal loss worldwide and
put it on your tongue and taste it.
identified the most-affected regions.
Only then start to eat it slowly,
First, they scoured data from
noticing how it feels and how it
published studies to identify bird and
tastes. Both of these techniques force
mammal seed dispersers and the
you to slow down and focus on the
fruits they feed on, how far they
present moment, and there are
distribute the seeds and whether
plenty of other ideas you can find
their digestive systems help or hinder
online if you want to try mindfulness
seed germination.
for yourself.
Q. The challenge the author of the
Q. The main focus of the passage is
above passage throw to the public is
A) How to become more mindful that

B) What are the benefits of A) Animal biodiversity loss limits

mindfulness plants’ ability to adapt to climate
change globally
C) Why is mindfulness so popular
now B) More than half of the plant species
depend on animals and plants for
D) When we are mindful, we are
seed-dispersing.
more conscious of our thoughts
C) Scientists used computer models
to draw comparisons between seed
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

dispersal in the real world and a A) The poor economic and social
simulated world conditions prevailing in society.

D) None of the above B) The refusal on the part of man to

change his character.

C) The absence of physical and

Passage - 10
material help from his society.
The miseries of the world cannot be
D) Ever increasing physical' needs due
cured by physical help only. Until
to changing social structure.
man's nature changes, his physical
needs will always arise, and miseries
will always be felt, and no amount of
physical help will remove them
completely. The only solution of the
problem is to make mankind pure.
Ignorance is the mother of evil and of
all the misery we see. Let men have
light, let them be pure and spiritually

strong and educated; then alone will

misery cease in the world. We may
convert every house in the country
into a charitable asylum, we may fill
the land with hospitals, but human
misery will continue until man's
character changes.

Q. According to the passage, which of

the following statements is most
likely to be true as the reason for
man's miseries?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions First statement is incorrect as there is

no indication of absence of explicit
1. (a)
tax provisions.
Answer is A
Second statement is correct. It can be
Second statement is incorrect as inferred from the last lines of the
there is no such data indicated in the passage. Also it is the most balanced
passage. statement.

Third statement is incorrect as there Third statement is incorrect as it is

is no mention of organ shortage and out of context.
it will lead to normalisation of
Forth statement is right about the
xenotransplantation
feature of cryptocurrency but it is not
Fourth statement is incorrect as there indicated in the passage that it is the
is no indication of ethical challenges challenge for tax authorities. So it is
in the passage incorrect.

First statement is correct. Although, it 3. (d)

is not directly indicated anywhere in
4. (b)
the passage but it is the most close
inference to the passage. Refer to Answer is B
these lines of the passage "Pigs have
Statement first is incorrect as
been preferred as ideal candidates
according to the passage
for xenotransplantation despite their
urbanisation is one of the causes of
immune system being different from
climate disruption. But it is nowhere
humans for the simple reason that
indicated that it is the main cause.
the porcine organs are anatomically
similar to those of humans." Statement second is correct and it
can be assumed from first few lines
2 (b)
of the passage.
Answer is B
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Third statement is incorrect as there Answer is Option A

is no mention of local governments.
Refer to the statement " Both of
Fourth statement is incorrect as these techniques force you to slow
passage talks that blind urbanisation down and focus on the present
is a problem not the urbanisation moment, and there are plenty of
itself. other ideas you can find online if you
want to try mindfulness for yourself.
5. (d)
9 (a)
6. (b)
Answer is Option A
Answer is Option B
Refer to the statement "With
Statement 1 is out of the context of
declining animal biodiversity, fewer
the passage where as for the
seeds will reach new grounds.
statement 2 refer to the statement "
Consequently, plants might lose their
The cryptocurrencies being promoted
ability to migrate to a newer and
currently — bitcoin, litecoin,
more suitable environment"
ethereum — are nothing but gaming
points." 10 (b)

7 (b) Answer is option B

Answer is Option B Refer to the statement " We may

convert every house in the country
Rest all other options are out of the
into a charitable asylum, we may fill
context of the passage may be they
the land with hospitals, but human
are related in some or otherway but
misery will continue until man's
option B is the main issue about
character changes."
which author tries to make people
aware.

8 (a)
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

d) None of the above

Day - 41
Directions for the following 10 (ten)
items: Passage - 2

Read the following passages and UNDER THE Paris Agreement,

answer the items that follow. Your adopted in 2015 as an international
answers to these questions should be treaty to limit and cut greenhouse
based on the passage only. gases, countries agreed to provide
voluntary targets called Nationally
Passage - 1 Determined Contributions (NDC) for
THE HOTTEST and most contentious how they will limit or reduce
issue that is not on the formal table emissions . The agreement also
of negotiations but is on the public- stated that NDC would work to
political radar is the phasing out of achieve the goal of keeping global
coal , not just in the developed world temperature rise this century to well
but also in the world where energy is below 2°C above the pre-industrial
still scarce and coal is the cheaper level and to pursue efforts to limit
and preferred option over new the rise to 1.5°C. As per the
renewables. There is no question that agreement’s “ratcheting
coal is bad for climate. mechanism”,nations are expected to
submit progressively more ambitious
Which among the following is the NDCs every five years. Accordingly,
central idea of the passage ? countries had to submit their second
a) Negotiation for phasing out coal is NDC by 2020, but of the 192 parties
on the formal table. to the Paris Agreement a majority did
not meet the deadline.
b) Coal be phased out off from both
developing and developed world.

c) Coal is bad for climate.

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

With the reference of the above to learn about India’s agricultural

passage, the following assumptions markets and our food systems.
have been made ?

a) NDC mechanism has failed in

Which among the following is the
essence.
most crucial message conveyed by
b) Paris agreement is not in the above message ?
consonence with its role.
a) Large number of lives and
c) Progressively emissions can be livelihoods depend upon agriculture.
reduced using NDC mechanism.
b) Agriculture is a complex system.
d) There has been substantial
c) Planning a practical policy after
progress in reducing emissions due to
taking all learnings into account is the
NDC mechanism.
need of the hour.

d) Learning about India's agricultural

Passage - 3 markets and our food systems

So, for many reasons, we have a

complex system that a very large
Passage - 4
number of lives and livelihoods
The high reliance on the private
depend on. We have to now think
health sector is mainly because the
imaginatively and take this as an
doctors spend a longer duration of
opportunity. We could take it as an
time with their patients and conduct
opportunity to critique, but I would
physical exams as a part of the visit
like to ask, instead, how we might
compared to those working in public
take it as an opportunity to really
healthcare. In contrast, the reasons
think about what Indian policy going
for the low footfall in the public
forward could be, given all that we do
health sector are mainly because of
know and are still learning and need
the poor quality of care being
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

provided by inexperienced and d) Distances should be shortened

unmotivated interns working in the between public health doctors and
rural public health facilities. In patients by reducing the reach.
addition, the other major reasons are
long distances between public
hospitals and residential areas, long Passage - 5
waiting times to consult doctors and
The current administrative structure
inconvenient hours of operation of
fails to recognise and respond to the
public health facilities.As a result of
country’s health requirements. Long-
the high reliance on the private
standing roadblocks must be tackled
sector, the mean OOPE is much
immediately, with a more forward-
higher in the private sector as
looking and present perspective. A
compared to the public sector
small but effective IMS cadre has the
Which among the following is the capacity to bring about the significant
most logical assumption that can be changes that India’s healthcare
made from the above passage ? system requires.

a) OOPE in public sector should be Which among the following is the

increased to the level of those in most logical and rational inference
private sector. from the above passage ?

b) Practical motivation maybe a) Indian Medical Services should be

provided to those health care formed for solving roadblocks in the
workers practicing in public sector. areas of health.

c) Doctors in public health sector b) Health requirements aren't being

must spend more time with patients fulfilled with existing systems.
to make the field attractive to
c) Roadblocks should be tackled
patients.
immediately.

d) None of the above

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

B) Diversity, equity and inclusion

were certainly not prominent in the
Passage - 6
history of the West.
But that India now seems to be
C) India remains an audacious and
fading away as the fault-lines
unique civilisational feat.
between communities whose
ancestries and histories are D) None of the above
inseparably intertwined are being
inexorably, and deliberately,
widened. I watch with despair as Passage - 7
violence, both symbolic and actual, is
Councils often provide a space to
replacing the arts, culture and faith as
discuss and sort out problems. These
the language of identity, and
may include school lunches, student
homogenisation is replacing diversity
behaviour or ideas for fundraising
as the defining feature of our
events. When students sit on
nationhood. I watch with sorrow the
university committees, they can help
increasing marginalisation and falling
voice student concerns and take part
representation of minorities in public
in decision-making. Most governing
institutions (barring prisons), the
bodies of institutions in the European
demonisation of diverse food habits
Higher Education Area include
and customs, the rewriting of history
elected student representatives.
to reframe some of our customs as
Students are also increasingly
being foreign and to be shunned, and
involved in decision-making in higher
the terror threatening co-habitation
education in other parts of the world.
and marriage between communities.
An analysis of 20 flagship African
Q. The challenge that author of the universities found students were
above passage throw to the public is represented in at least two-thirds of
that councils and senates. Many
universities are also required to have
A) Why do Indians do so well abroad
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

students on boards as part of their depressed as a result. If you do have

quality assurance mechanisms. close friends and family, try talking to
them more about how you feel and
Q. The main focus of the passage is
asking them to support you. Every
A) Everyone has a role to play in time someone speaks to someone
improving education else about mental illness, it helps to
reduce the stigma.
B) The only way to trigger deep
transformation is to get organized, Q. This is sensitive issue based article
think collectively, identify key which tries to senstise the readers
demands, and build momentum about
through different means
A) Mental health in the workplace
C) Students play a vital role in holding
B) we also need to look after our own
governments to account for
mental health
education
C) Spend time with family and friends
D) The private sector is to blame for
to reduce mental stress
privatization in the education sector.
D) encourage your workplace to start
a wellness programme that would
Passage - 8 benefit everyone

Everyone needs some time alone, but

it’s also good for us to spend time
Passage - 9
with other people. If you feel lonely,
try volunteering. It’s a good way of While cyberattacks will not stop any
meeting new people, and you will time soon, nor has any magic bullet
feel good for helping others. One been found to resolve all the issues in
survey showed that 48 per cent of cybersecurity, there are clear and
people who volunteered for more concrete steps that leaders can take
than two years said they felt less to best prepare themselves and their
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

organizations for an attack. B) The COVID-19 pandemic has

Cybersecurity is not a separate expedited the use of digital tools in
technology, but rather a priority of business and the home.
the systems spanning technology,
C) As the use of digital tools
people and processes in the Fourth
increases, so does the amount of
Industrial Revolution. The ongoing
data created.
shift from cybersecurity to cyber
resilience is an important step D) What you need to know about
towards a more trustworthy and cybersecurity in 2022
sustainable future. Significant
digitalization has provided a pathway
for engagement and connectivity at a Passage - 10
time when the world was supposed
Crude mineral oil comes out of the
to stay apart. Its benefits are clear,
earth as a thick brown or black liquid
but so are the threats. To assure we
with a strong smell. It is a complex
maintain a trusted, secure and
mixture of many different
protected digital environment, it is
substances, each with its own
imperative that leadership teams
individual qualities. Most of them are
better incorporate cybersecurity and
combinations of hydrogen and
break down siloes both within and
carbon in varying proportions. Such
between organizations to improve
hydrocarbons are also found in other
cyber resilience.
forms such as bitumen, asphalt and
Q224. The essential message of the natural gas. Mineral oil originates
passage is from the carcasses of tiny animals
and from plants that live in the sea.
A) These advances in digitalization
Over millions of years, these dead
have led to increasingly frequent,
creatures form large deposits under
costly and damaging cyber incidents.
the sea-bed; and ocean currents
cover them with a blanket of sand
and silt. As this mineral hardens, it
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

becomes sedimentary rock and

effectively shuts out the oxygen, so
preventing the complete
decomposition of the marine
deposits underneath. The layers of
sedimentary rock become thicker and
heavier. Their pressure produces
heat, which transforms the tiny
carcasses into crude oil in a process
that is still going on today.

Mineral oil deposits under the sea do

not get completely decomposed
because they:

A) are constantly washed by the

ocean currents.

B) become rock and prevent oxygen

from entering them.

C) contain a mixture 'of hydrogen and

carbon.

D) are carcasses of organisms lying in

saline conditions.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions The seriousness is shown for making

a policy after learning and continue
1. (d)
learning.
Option A is wrong as per 1st
4. (b)
statement.
Option A is irrelevant to the question
Option C is a fact that has been
and passage too.
accepted by the author.
There is no such compulsion that is
Option B is correct to some extent
being talked in passage as mentioned
but there is no compulsion that can
in Option C.
be inferred from related lines (But is
on the public-political radar) Option D is a subset of Option B.

2 (c) 5. (a)

Option A can't be the answer as it Though other statements are also

was treaty to limit and cut. mentioned in the passage directly or
indirectly but Option A forms the
There has been some progress due to
core idea which practical and
Paris agreement so option B can't be
actionable.
the answer.
6. (d)
Option D could have been correct if
passage mentioned a "minority did Answer is Option D
not meet the deadline" but has
All the given options are not the
mentioned majority.
problem which is being discussed in
3. (c) the passage . In the passage , the
author has discussed that India is
Refer to lines , We could take it as an
losing is root values and there is an
opportunity to .....Indian policy going
attempt by the section of society to
forward could be ....food systems.
rewrite the history and increasing the
marginalisation in the society.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

7 (c)

Answer is Option C

Refer to the statement " Most

governing bodies of institutions in the
European Higher Education Area
include elected student
representatives. Students are also
increasingly involved in decision-
making in higher education in other
parts of the world"

8 (c)

Answer is option C

Refer to the statement " If you do

have close friends and family, try
talking to them more about how you
feel and asking them to support you.
"

9 (a)

10 (b)

Answer is Option B

It is clearly mentioned in the passage

 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the

Day - 41 most logical assumption that can be
Directions for the following 10 (ten) made from the above passage?
items: a) Doctors will be unable to manage
Read the following passages and and administer the area of health.
answer the items that follow. Your b) IMS will bureaucratise health care
answers to these questions should be system.
based on the passage only.
c) Health may become a central
Passage - 1 subject after IMS comes into picture.
Many major stakeholders have voiced d) None of the above
their objection to the development of
an IMS cadre. One of the main points
of contention is that there is no need Passage - 2
for a new cadre when district
collectors and other administrators It is therefore of great concern that
are in charge of health issues. Others what to talk of prosecutorial
argue that doctors’ inability to independence, the value of which
manage and administer should be was realised more than a century
accepted as a universal truth. ago, the concept of independence
Another source of concern is that remains hazy even to members of
establishing a medical cadre will courts-martial. Justice is nobody’s
bureaucratise the health-care system. personal property. Justice belongs to
In India, health is currently a state all of us — to both sides in the
subject. There is concern that a judicial process, even in an
change will make it more of a central adversarial system. While penning
subject. this, I am reminded of Justice Robert
H Jackson’s famous words here:
‘Although the government technically
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

loses its case, it has really won if subgroups. However, the data
justice has been done’. gathered in this survey does provide
some sense of the extent of the
What is the most critical message
economic pain caused by the
that is being discussed in the above
pandemic. Considering that large
passage?
parts of the economy continue to
a) Justice belongs to all. face financial distress, this needs to
be urgently addressed. The upcoming
b) Government wins if justice is done.
Union budget provides the
c) Independence prosecution is must government an opportunity to
for providing justice. intervene aggressively to ease the
pain.
d) Justice belongs to those in
adversarial system. With the referance of the above
passage, the following assumptions
have been made.

1. Surveys in India should be

Passage - 3 normalised based on other surveys.

Surveys in India tend to 2. National Accounts has truthful data

underestimate household with regards to household
consumption and income when consumption and income.
compared to data from the National
3. Surveys in India should be
Accounts. In the case of some
minimised for drawing out better
surveys, the extent of
inferences.
underestimation has actually
widened over the years. This makes it 4. Government should aggressively
difficult to arrive at precise estimates intervene to ease out financial
of the distribution of income, distress.
consumption or wealth or their
a) 1 and 2
averages across various population
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

b) 2 Only b) Speaker should act in non partisan

manner.
c) 3 and 4
c) Speaker should resign from the
d) 1 , 2 , 3 and 4
party and rejoin only after a cooling
off period.

Passage - 4 d) Defections should be avoided for

functioning of Tenth schedule.
In the context of small assemblies,
one-third of the members could
easily be cobbled together. In such
Passage - 5
situations, a government’s stability
was always in jeopardy. It also And how would an NSS frame the
allowed for piecemeal defections Quad? It is all very well to say that
reaching the threshold of one-third of Quad “reflects globalisation and
the total members of a political party, compulsion of countries to work
thereafter allowing the defectors to together”. But China will remain
claim protection under paragraph 3. suspicious, and the US impatient for a
Often, the speaker of the assembly more concrete commitment. The
was seen to be collaborating with the difficulty is how to put India’s careful
political party in power to protect the manoeuvring into a language that
defectors under the one-third rule. doesn’t degenerate into mere high-
Such partisan conduct of the flown English while remaining close
speakers is at the heart of a non- enough to the US to avoid sanctions
functional Tenth Schedule. such as on the S-400 missile
purchase.
Which among the following is the
most logical assumption that can be This passage argues:
made from the above passage ?
a) Going with USA
a) One third of total members can
b) Going against USA
easily be cobbled for defection.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

c) Going against Russia C) Wake of unremitting attacks on

minorities and dissidents.
d) Going with Russia
D) The religion of the majority enjoys
state patronage whereas other
religions are tolerated
Passage - 6

Secularism has meant different things

for different nations. The French have
a term – laicite — to define their Passage - 7
form of secularism that not only Data Protection Bill as it stands
segregates the state from religion but imposes regulatory burdens on
also banishes religious practice and businesses without securing
insignia from the public square. In proportional gains in privacy
contrast, the US, UK, and, until a few protection. It perpetuates an
years ago, India, adhere to uncertain and onerous regulatory
multiculturalism, where one can be a environment. The proposals are
good citizen and at the same time certain to undo the gains made in
publicly identify with a culture that is recent years by progressive policies
not the ascendant one. Sadly, India of the government. It could result in
can no longer claim to be the secular the largest expansion of the
republic proclaimed in our regulatory state in India since
Constitution. economic liberalisation in 1991. The
Q. The essential passage of the burden of onerous regulation will be
passage is fatal to new entrants, while the costs
will be absorbed by established
A) A dirge for secularism in India incumbents. The Bill, if adopted, will
B) The resurgence of religiosity in ensure that the start-up ideas of
India today that could become unicorns of
tomorrow are stillborn.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q. With the reference of the above and medium-term plans such as

passage, following assumptions have Nationally Determined Contributions.
been done With periodic review, countries need
to progressively bring forward their
1. It imposes regulatory burden on
long-term goals, achieving net zero as
businesses, and can have unintended
early as possible. Ultimately, we will
but deleterious consequences.
see increased ambition as
2. It sets forth an inflexible technologies become increasingly
framework that is bereft of any available, bilateral and international
formal consultative rule-making mechanisms of cooperation are
process. established, and stakeholders engage
more actively.
Choose the correct option
Q. With the reference of the above
A) 1 Only
passage, following assumptions have
B) 2 Only been done

C) 1 and 2 Both 1. A range of solutions are now

available to us as we seek to arrest
D) None of these
global warming and stabilize the
climate.

Passage - 8 2. we must also be mindful that

pledges are one thing, and how
Whichever approach a government
countries get there is another.
selects, these initial pledges are only
the beginning of the journey towards choose the correct option
net zero. Countries also need to
A) 1 Only
connect long-term and short-term
climate targets and activities – big B) 2 Only
goals must be broken down into
C) 1 and 2 Both
specific actions and reflected in short
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

D) None of these B) how dominant narratives are

shaped and what they consist of.

C) looking at poverty as a necessary

Passage - 9
byproduct of economic recovery.
It is important to look at the political
D) None of these
economy of narratives. For instance,
we can’t look at how dominant
narratives are amplified by
mainstream media without looking at
who owns the media in the first
place, and how media financing
affects the political and economic
content on TV or newspapers. Nor
can we look at the impact of
narratives on the policy process
without examining how free and able
civil society are to produce new
narratives, or how many wealthy
business people are in government or
parliament. When storytelling is so
intangible, the challenge is to pin
down the frameworks that shape
public discourse and expose the
mechanisms through which dominant
narratives both serve and result from
political capture.

Q. The main focus of the passage is

A) Narratives and their impact on

inequality.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Point 4 is a suggestion and this no

assumptions can be made out.
1. (d)
In the very first line data from
The remaining options are either
Surveys in India are compared with
arguments or not based on facts.
National Accounts data. This itself
Option A and B are just arguments shows the standard of National
from different quarters. As regards to Accounts. Hence this can be
option C , as per last line it looks like assumed..
it will become like a concurrent
4. (b)
subject ( As More of a central subject
is written and not just central subject A -> One third members of smaller
). assemblies and not bigger one.

2 (c) C -> It maybe a way forward.

Point A is fact given while point B is D -> Tenth schedule was brought for
based on a quote. Passage says Anti defection only. Also partisan
Justice belongs to all even in conduct of speaker makes tenth
adversarial system schedule non functional ( As given in
the passage)
3. (c)
Remaining option B -> With reference
Point 1 as given in statement "In the
to Line "Often, the speaker was
case of some other surveys... " The
seen... Schedule'.
gap has widened. So this can't be
assumed. It can be assumed logically that
speaker should act in non partisan
Point 3 No such statement given,
manner
further the line says "However the
data gathered does provide some 5. (b)
sense of extent '. This shows it is in
Read last line. It says close enough to
favour of such data.
US to avoid sanctions. Doesn't
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

specifically says against going with 9 (a)

USA or going with Russia as such.
Answer is option A
6. (a)
Refer to the statement " Nor can we
Answer is Option A look at the impact of narratives on
the policy process without examining
Refer to the statement " Sadly, India
how free and able civil society are to
can no longer claim to be the secular
produce new narratives, or how
republic proclaimed in our
many wealthy business people are in
Constitution".
government or parliament."
7 (c)

Answer is Option C

Both the statements can be easily

assumed and are the intrinsic part of
the passage.

8 (c)

Answer is Option C

Refer to the statement " Whichever

approach a government selects,
these initial pledges are only the
beginning of the journey towards net
zero. Countries also need to connect
long-term and short-term climate
targets and activities – big goals must
be broken down into specific actions
and reflected in short and medium-
term plans such as Nationally
Determined Contributions"
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following

Day - 44 statement best sums up the above
Directions for the following 10 (ten) passage ?
items: a) Duties should be left optional on
Read the following passages and the individuals to perform or not.
answer the items that follow. Your b) Realisation of rights are more
answers to these questions should be important than duties.
based on the passage only.
c) Rights and duties are relevant by
Passage - 1 coexistence.
Any shift in state policy emphasis d) Duties should not be forced upon
from rights to duties will be absurd by the state.
and a disservice to many for whom
the realisation of even fundamental
rights is still a work in progress. An Passage - 2
enlightened citizenry is critical to
progress and good governance. But The sharpening struggle for Indian
duty is not something that the independence, and more broadly the
citizens owe to the state. The liberation of Asia between the two
obligation of individual citizens to the World Wars, inevitably involved
collective pursuit of a nation can be exploiting the contradictions
meaningful when their rights are between different imperial powers.
guaranteed by the state. The citizen This was complicated, however, by
has a right to use a public road, and a rapid realignment among the major
duty to obey traffic rules. The right powers —friends became adversaries
and the duty are meaningful only in and enemies became allies. The
conjunction. Indian and Asian national movements
were deeply divided in coping with
the shifting great power dynamic.
The world enters a similar moment
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

today that could rearrange relations Public investment in infrastructure is

between the US, UK, Europe, Russia, a major growth driver. Bringing down
China and Japan. Delhi’s focus must the fiscal deficit to threshold levels
be on leveraging them for national can be detrimental to the recovery.
benefit where it can and insulating The plausible “fiscal risks” arising
India from the negative effects where from mounting public debt and
it must. Greater engagement with deficits need to be tackled with a
Europe and dealing with its multiple medium-term roadmap of fiscal
contradictions must necessarily be consolidation, as an immediate
important elements of India’s deficit reduction can affect the
international relations today. recovery process. Considering that
the impact of a credit-linked stimulus
Which among the following is the
on the economy is limited, the
most logical and rational inference
significance of fiscal dominance
from the above passage ?
cannot be underestimated. An
a) Imperial powers have exploited accommodative fiscal stance to
India and other asian countries. nurture recovery is critical at this
juncture.
b) There has been shift in the power
dynamics after realignment of What is the central idea of the
countries. passage ?

c) Negative affects must be zeroed a) Zeroing down the fiscal deficit can
down while leveraging benefit can be be detrimental to recovery.
optional.
b) Not immediate but a medium term
d) Benefit must be taken care off fiscal consolidation can be used to
while solving negative affects can be tackle problem of deficit reduction.
left optional.
c) Fiscal deficit should be maintained
at certain level for better growth.

Passage - 3
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

d) Public investment should be Which among the following is the

encouraged for better growth. most logical corollary to the above
passage ?

a) Bureaucrats are inefficient in

Passage - 4
decision-making regarding
While quicker decision-making environment.
benefits everyone, State committees
b) States gain and so they don't have
are currently hampered by having too
independent experts in decision-
few independent experts and
making.
decision-making being left to
bureaucrats than to environment c) Environmental conditions are
specialists. Both industrialists and always sidelined for other benefits.
States gain from projects and,
d) States must have Independent
therefore, the tendency is always to
competent experts to conduct
elide environmental concerns. In
environmental appraisals
many instances, site visits are critical
to understand the potential
environmental challenges. Calculating
Passage - 5
the risks and the benefits of industrial
projects vis-à-vis their environmental We know countries like India must
impact is understandably hard. The not make the same mistakes that the
way forward is to take steps to already rich have made. The world
increase trust in the system and needs to secure pathways for low-
ensure that all States have carbon growth and to pay for this
competent experts who can conduct transformation in the still developing
appraisals without fear or favour. A world. Finger-pointing and shaming
list of empty rankings is the least the emerging world for future and
advisable way to bring about this. inevitable emissions will cut no ice
with them. At COP26, we need to
confront the reality of this inequity
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

and ensure that it is addressed.Once

we cross this threshold, whenever we
cross it, we are headed to a
temperature rise of more than 1.5C. Passage - 6
All this information coming from the To see why this is a problem, consider
world of buttoned-up scientists what happens when the price of
should scare us into action that is real imported oil goes down. In that case,
and meaningful. Instead it has turned input costs will fall and the profits
into an intense battle between recorded by Indian firms will rise. This
different blocks of countries, and increase in profits is merely the result
scientists discussing climate change of a fall in input prices, so it needs to
are forced to confront the politics of be deflated away. After all, GDP is
who emits how much. There are also meant to measure the amount of
huge uncertainties in the planet’s production in the country, which
carbon budget. hasn’t changed, at least in the first
Which among the following is the instance. But the NSO doesn’t deflate
most logical assumption that can be away the increase in profits. Instead,
made from the above passage ? it records a purely nominal increase
as a real increase in GDP, thereby
a) Those who have emitted the most overstating growth. Simulations have
must take the responsibilities. shown that this effect can be
b) Unique targets must be set for substantial.
controlling emissions. This passage argues against the ?
c) Inequalities should be addressed a) Rising profits recorded by the
for cutting emissions. Indian firms.
d) Things should be acted upon b) Not deflating away the increasing
objectively for controlling the profits by the firms.
inevitable emissions.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

c) Treating nominal increase as a real Which among the following is the

increase in GDP. most crucial message conveyed by
above passage ?
d) The methodology used by the NSO
for measuring GDP. a) Stakeholders have to be consulted
to avoid about-turns.

b) For private investments to be

Passage - 7
revived decisions must be taken
A ministerial group already tasked skillfully amd broadly.
with rationalising inverted duty
c) Minimum number of tax slabs
structures across products and
would result into rational tax
reviewing the multiple rate slabs of
collection.
the GST regime, has now been
assigned the additional task to d) Time available should be used for
suggest an appropriate structure for judicious consultation among
textile products; it has two more stakeholders.
months to finalise its report. It is
unlikely that these broader
corrections will take place before the Passage - 8
coming State Assembly polls
It is felt by many quarters that most
conclude and this time could be used
rough edges concerning military
for wider consultations with industry,
justice would be taken care of if true
consumers and States before
independence is ensured and assured
pencilling in new rates and avoiding
in military trials & appeals, and if
such about-turns. The course
command influence is jettisoned.
correction needs to be navigated
While many nations have taken
more deftly and with greater
concrete steps towards
purpose, if India hopes to revive
independence and offsetting of
private investments.
command influence, certain others
are lagging. India, for example,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

though is known to have vibrant Passage - 9

jurisprudence and progressive judicial
The government must work with local
precedents, till today does not even
and primary health-care centres that
have in existence an independent
know their communities and create
directorate of prosecution or
an equitable distribution system for
prosecutorial authority within the
the vaccine. The government must
military. The concept of an
publish accurate data in a timely
independent prosecution is firmly
manner, and forthrightly explain to
ensconced in various legal systems,
the public what is happening and
and there is no reason for it not to
what is needed to bend the epidemic
flourish in a military milieu. Since the
curve, including the possibility of a
nineteenth century, much emphasis
new federal lockdown.
has been laid on the fairness and
independence of prosecution. What is the central idea of the
passage ?
Which among the following is the
most logical and rational inference a) That local and PHCs know their
from the above passage ? communities well

a) Independence in trials and appeals b) Public should be explained about

must be ensured for military justice. possible lockdown well in advanced.

b) Command influence should be c) Publication of accurate data is a

discarded for military justice. must.

c) India need to have independent d) To do everything to lessen the

directorate of prosecution in or out effects of epidemic
of military for military justice.

d) Fairness of prosecution is ought to

Passage - 10
be for military justice.
Although the rate hike was aimed at
helping producers get easier credit
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

for taxes paid on inputs, that is not 4. The Industry has accepted the new
how it was seen by several players in rates.
an industry that has historically been
Options:
one of India’s largest employment
creators and contributes around 2% a) 1, 2 and 3 only
to the overall economy. Last month,
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
many lathes in the textile industry
were left idling for a day, in what may b) 3 and 4 only
be the first ever strike that has not
c) None of the above
been triggered by industrial unrest in
the sector that last witnessed
debilitating strikes from labour
unions in the 1980s. Those protests,
along with some States’ missives to
the Centre, warning of significant
factory closures and job losses, had
failed to move the needle and the
industry had resigned itself to the
new rates.

With the reference of the above

passage , the following assumptions
have been made :

1. Rate hike has helped producers get

easier credit.

2. Textile Industry has been one of

India's largest employment creators.

3. Textile Industry contributes around

2% to overall economy.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions no backfiring recovery process and

also to ensure growth.
1. C
Option A is a fact zotted down from
Read last line , this sums up the
the paragraph whereas Option B is a
whole argument of rights and duties.
solution to the problem put up. Point
Whereas Option A can be inferred raised in option D is necessary but
from the passage , Option D is not sufficient condition.
equivalent to Option A in some form
4.D
or the other. Though Option B is true
but but it can't be implied from the It is the statement that can be
passage as it is one part of the inferred on two instances from lines
argument ( Later part justifies duties given in paragraph. It is also a way
also ). forward for solving this issue.

2. C Option A is the absurd statement

which is also out of context vis-a-vis
Read the lines ,''Delhi's focus must be
this paragraph whereas Option B is a
on leveraging them for ........where it
delusion type of inference drawn not
can and insulating India from
based on facts. Option C is not true as
negative effects where it must..."
it's not universal phenomenon.
Can and must imply to optional and
5.C
non-optional matters.
Read the lines , " At COP26, we need
While Option A & B are facts given in
to confront the reality of this inequity
the paragraph.
and ensure.......Once we cross this
3.C threshold....". This is a primary step
which should be taken if emissions
Option C best describes the content
are to controlled.
of the passage given. The focus is on
keeping some fiscal deficit to ensure Option A is part of arguments while
Option B is part of steps that can be
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

taken for realising that objective. Option A is a precaution to be taken

Option D is the most broadest one while content of option C has not
but it is Universal line for solving any been mentioned. Option D is a
problems that one faces. suggestion given to fulfill goal as
given in Option B.
6.D
8. A
Read the lines , "After all, GDP is
meant to measure the amount of Though other options are correct as
production which has not changed , per the passage and needed criteria
.....but the NSO doesn't deflate away for military justice , Option A stands
the increase in profits. Instead ....." out among them. It is most rational
as per the passage. Also other
This implies the methodology used is
options are subspace for Option A i.e
incorrect.
Independence in trials and appeals
A -> The passage is not arguing for military justice.
against the profits.
9. D
B -> It is a suggestion and fact given
Read the lines "what is needed to
in the passage.
bend the epidemic curve,..."
C-> It is the inference drawn based on
Option B is a subset of option D
observation by the writer while
whereas Option A is mere fact and
calculating GDP figures.
Option C is a step for bending the
7. B epidemic curve.

Option B is the most crucial message 10. D

conveyed. This has to be overall
No reason of point 1 has been given
motto of the whole exercise of
in the passage. While points 2 and 3
rationalising and suggesting
are correct as per the passage. Point
appropriate structure for reviving
4 is implied meaning of the last line
private investments.
of the passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

However none of the points seem to

be based on assumptions as either
they're facts or the summary of lines
given in the passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which among the following is the

Day - 45 most logical and rational inference
Directions for the following 10 (ten) from the above passage ?
items: a) The majority government silences
Read the following passages and the minority opposition.
answer the items that follow. Your b) The legislature do not conform to
answers to these questions should be the constitutional parameters.
based on the passage only.
c) Higher judiciary tries to limit the
Passage - 1 illegal power exercised by legislative
Referring to the bar under Article 212 majority.
of the Constitution on the judiciary d) The higher judiciary has gone
examining the regularity of the against the constitution in this case.
procedure adopted by the House, the
three-judge Bench ruled that the
present action was illegal and Passage - 2
irrational, and not a mere irregularity
of procedure. The ruling is yet When crop threats like wild boar are
another reminder to legislative declared vermin, it is met with
bodies that their functioning is resistance on how every life is
subject to constitutional parameters. important while being imperceptive
In an era when the government side of the fact that these pests have
accuses the Opposition of being damaged not only crops but lives of
obstructionist, and the Opposition thousands of farmers. The outcry
alleges that it is being silenced, it is must be directed towards chemical
gratifying that the higher judiciary pesticides, which are poisoning crops
grapples with questions related to and human health, and habitat
the limits of the power exercised by disturbances, which are wiping out
the majority in the legislature. ecosystems and pushing the likes of
wild boar towards agricultural fields.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Few years back, a tigress named education, information, privacy, etc.

‘Avni’ from Maharashtra also are now legally guaranteed rights.
gathered sympathy for being The state’s fidelity to these rights is
eliminated while the sympathisers tenuous at best. Citizens are
could not sympathise with tens of generally duty-bound to protect the
humans who the tigress killed. integrity and the sovereignty of the
country, and this is true for India
Which one of the following is
though there is no conscription.
essentially discussed in the passage ?
Other constitutional duties expected
a) Wild bor that are declared vermin. include a duty to promote harmony
and brotherhood, and to develop
b) Chemical pesticides which act as
scientific temper, humanism and a
poison.
spirit of inquiry.
c) Killing of tiger Avni getting
Q1. Which among the following is the
sympathy while Killing of humans by
most logical corollary to above
that tiger not getting any.
passage ?
d) Wiping out of ecosystem by wild
a) The constitutional duties are
and pests.
needed to protect sovereignty and
integrity of the nation.

Passage - 3 b) Fundamental rights are not

compulsorily guaranteed by the state.
The Indian Constitution enshrines
equality and freedom as fundamental c) The legal rights guaranteed by the
rights, along with the right against state may at best have little
exploitation, freedom of religion, substance.
cultural and educational rights, and
d) Both Fundamental rights and
the right to constitutional remedies.
duties form core of the nation's
The deepening of Indian democracy
constitution.
has led to an expansion of rights —
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Q2. This passage argues against the ? stands on preserved dead bodies of
life forms and other aspects of our
a) State encroaching upon
environment, is corrupted, civilisation
fundamental rights of its citizens.
begins to erode.
b) Citizens not following the
Which of the following is the most
fundamental duties which are
logical assumption that can be made
constitutional in nature.
from the above passage ?
c) Compulsory millitary service for
a) There is lot of studies needed on
citizens which is Conscription.
various life forms to understand the
d) None of the above civilisation.

b) Transfer of genes and language

ushers the civilisation.
Passage - 5
c) Transfer of basic Knowledge should
Over the generations, our map to
not be altered to avoid civilisation
understanding systems of nature has
from being destroyed.
been drawn through studying various
life forms. The process is ongoing. d) The science is the resultant of the
The cornerstone of this study has knowledge gained based on reliable
been the examination of natural facts generation after generation.
specimens. The pool of knowledge
generated through the examination
becomes a body of reliable facts, Passage - 6
which is referred to as science, that
Much credit should go here to the
gets passed onto future generations
framers of the Constitution who
as the cornerstone of civilisation. It is
weighed in favour of a central,
the transfer of this knowledge base
independent constitutional body to
via genes or language that guides the
oversee elections. This works better
survival of any species or civilisation.
than the US model of decentralised
When this knowledge base, which
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

electoral processes that is sowing C) A and B both

chaos and blatantly undemocratic
D) None of these
practices like voter suppression. Far
from disenfranchising voters, India
has moved in the direction of easier
Passage - 7
enrolment and improved access to
voting for citizens at the margins, India’s employment scenario is bleak.
thanks to EC( Election Commission) Consider GoI’s last available urban
getting institutional support to largely jobs report of January-March 2021. In
deliver on its mandate. The that quarter, there was a regression
commission’s ability to self-correct, in the quality of jobs compared to
like the crackdown on large election January-March 2020, the last pre-
rallies held earlier in blatant disregard pandemic quarter. Salaried jobs
for the pandemic, is just as dropped by 2.4 percentage points to
praiseworthy. 48.1%. These jobs shifted to casual
labour and self-employed categories.
Q. With the reference of the above
The crisis was particularly acute
passage, following assumptions have
among the youth (15-29). In January-
been done
March 2021, only 38.4% of the youth
1. With migration on the rise, EC population was in the job market, 1.1
must evolve strategies so that percentage points lower than the
migrants don’t lose out on voting previous year. There was no gender
day. disparity, with roughly the same
proportion of men and women
2. EC must paid special attention to
dropping out of the job market.
regions with low women enrolment
Q. Which one of the following
choose the correct option
statements best sums up the above
A) A only passage?

B) B only
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) All of this points to the need for A) Collectively projecting an

GoI to stay sharply focussed on equitable, diverse, inclusive digital
India’s jobs crisis. and innovation revolution

B) India should grab labour-intensive B) The vision for Generation Equality

manufacturing opportunities. is ambitious, but it is attainable

C) It is not job crisis but Government C) Use technology as a solution to

job crisis. address gender-based violence.

D) None of the above D) the digital and innovation

revolution is an opportunity for
dramatic change.
Passage - 8

Learning covers a wide range of

Passage - 9
competencies, such as computer
literacy, robotics, artificial Lockdowns are effective as a
intelligence application, online safety, temporary measure and give time to
well-being and health, and social stock up, but they come with huge
entrepreneurship. We need more costs and are not sustainable over
non-profit and social business models the longer term. Thus, States should
across the globe, as well as more prioritise expanding vaccine
routine data platforms, to allow coverage, insist on masks when
closer-to-real-time monitoring of children are in close confines,
when, where and how girls are undertake periodic testing to gauge
connecting, as well as the challenges transmission and monitor
and opportunities they face. hospitalisation trends while fully
reopening schools. Experience from
Q. The main focus of this passage is
other countries such as the U.K. and
the U.S. suggests that the reopening
of schools hardly impacted
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

transmission trends. India must are almost always short-staffed.

incorporate these lessons. Instead of strengthening the
monitoring mechanism, governments
Q. The essential message that author
at the Centre and states have been
wants to convey through the passage
relying on procedures such as post-
is
facto clearances and trying to goad
A) Schools must reopen as severe project developers into compliance
cases dip and vaccination coverage by giving them incentives —
increases. subsidies, for instance — despite
Supreme Court strictures.
B) Schools continue to be shut in
most places and administrators are Q. Which among the following is the
reluctant to open them because most main focus of the passage
children are unvaccinated.
A) A large number of infrastructure
C) Schools, in good conscience, projects are implemented without
cannot be allowed to remain shut. mandatory due diligence and green
clearance procedures are often
D) None of these
riddled with irregularities.

B) Developmental projects are often

Passage - 10 located in ecologically fragile zones.

At the heart of what has gone wrong C) Obviating hazards requires strong
is the absence of an effective checks and balances.
mechanism to ensure environmental
D) None of these
compliance. As the newspaper’s
investigation revealed, the Ministry
of Environment and Forests has less
than 80 officials to conduct field
visits. The state pollution control
boards and environmental tribunals
VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions farmers ...... wiping out ecosystem

and pushing .. towards agricultural
1. (c)
fields".
Answer is C
3.
The overall passage indicates that
(c)
judiciary is engaging to limit the
illegal power exercised by legislature. Read the lines , " The deepening of
Indian democracy......state's fidelity
A is argument by the opposition
to these rights is teneous at best."
where's the passage mentions that
working of the legislature is subject This means that state at best can be
to following of constitutional little faithfull to the legal rights. This
parameters which is not the case means that state can't deny
with option B. implementation of legal rights.

The very first line mentions that the Remaining options are irrelevant or
action is illegal and irrational and not wrong as per the passage. Option A -
a mere irregularity of procedure and > The passage talks of what are
hence the action of higher judiciary is constitutional duties and not it's
not against the constitution. need.

2 (b) Option B-> No comment has been

made in the passage regarding
Answer is B
guarantee of fundamental rights.
The main focus in this passage is on
Option D-> No such mention
chemical pesticides which act as
regarding what forms core of the
poison for humans in general and
nation's constitution.
overall to the ecosystem. Refer the
first paragraph of the passage ," (d)
these pests have damaged not only
It doesn't argues against the
crops but lives of thousands of
implementation of fundamental
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

rights and duties. It mentions that Answer is Option A

there is no conscription in India. Not
Refer to the statement " India’s
necessarily arguing against the
employment scenario is bleak.
conscription.
Consider GoI’s last available urban
The passage just mentions some jobs report of January-March 2021. In
things which are part of fundamental that quarter, there was a regression
right in the Indian Constitution. It in the quality of jobs compared to
goes on to talk about the legal rights January-March 2020, the last pre-
which are formed due to the result of pandemic quarter"
deepening of Indian democracy. Talks
8 (a)
about that state at best may be little
faithfull to the legal rights and then Answer is option A
goes on to point out the duties
Refer to the statement " as well as
expected by the Indian constitution.
more routine data platforms, to allow
5. (c) closer-to-real-time monitoring of
when, where and how girls are
Answer is option C
connecting, as well as the challenges
The overall passage cautions about and opportunities they face.''
not altering the basic knowledge
9 (a)
transfer otherwise civilisation may
begun to erode Answer is Option A

6. (d) Refer to the statement " States

should prioritise expanding vaccine
Answer is Option D
coverage, insist on masks when
As both the statements are irrelevant children are in close confines,
or out of the context of the passage undertake periodic testing to gauge
so it seems not valid to assume. . transmission and monitor
hospitalisation trends while fully
7 (a)
reopening schools"
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

10 (d)

Answer is Option D

As all the options are irrelevant and

not in the context with the passage
so Option D is the correct answer.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

religious freedom. Among those

Day - 46 other fundamental rights is the right
Directions for the following 10 (ten) to equality before law and equal
items: protection of laws assured at the
outset and elaborated in later articles
Read the following passages and to mean, inter alia, that the State
answer the items that follow. Your shall not deny equal protection of
answers to these questions should be laws to any person or group of
based on the passage only. persons on the basis of religion alone.
Passage - 1 What is the most logical inference
In Part III of the Constitution, which from the above passage?
assures people certain fundamental (a) State shall not interfere with the
rights, Article 25 proclaims that "all religious affairs of the citizens.
persons are equally entitled to
freedom of conscience and the right (b) Religious freedom under the
freely to profess, practise and Constitution is open to State
propagate religion". What people fail intervention.
to notice is that this proclamation is (c) Religious freedom of the citizens is
prefixed with the words "subject to not covered under fundamental
public order, morality, health and to rights.
the other provisions of this Part",
which set conditions precedent for (d) Religious practices of any
the legal protection of religious community are immune to State
practices of any community. The laws.
closing words of this prefatory rider
in Article 25 virtually constitute a
subordination clause placing other Passage - 2
fundamental rights mentioned in Part Bank credit to the industrial sector
III over and above the right to has started shrinking. Its decline has
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

been a serious concern as credit (d) Encouraging the foreign

growth is essential to revive investments in our industrial sector is
investment. The problem's origins lie a good alternative to this sector's
in the incomplete reforms of the last dependence on banks for credit.
25 years. An institutional change that
should have followed the 1991
reforms should have been setting up Passage - 3
of a resolution corporation for banks.
Spanish ships in the late 16th century
In a market economy with booms and
first brought the potato tuber from
busts, banks should be allowed to be
South America to Europe whereby in
set up and to fail. Today, we cannot
the early 19th century, it had become
shut down banks because there is no
a reliable backup to cereal crops,
proper system to shut them down.
particularly in the cold, rain-soaked
Weak loss-making banks continue to
soils of Ireland. The Irish were soon
need more capital.
almost wholly dependent on the
Which one of the following is the potato as their staple food. And they
most logical and rational inference were planting primarily one
that can be made from the above prodigious variety, the 'Lumper'
passage? potato, whose genetic frailty would
be cruelly exposed by the fungus
(a) Indian banking system is not able
'Phytophthora infestans'. In 1845,
to help the country in its economic
spores of the deadly fungus began
growth.
spreading across the country,
(b) Economic reforms that started in destroying nearly all the Lumpers in
1991 have not helped in improving its path. The resulting famine killed or
the economy to expected levels. displaced millions.

(c) India lacks the institutional Which one of the following

mechanism to deal with the failure of statements best reflects the critical
banks. message of the passage?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) For introducing any foreign plant the wastewater to these plants to
into a country, the soil and climate ensure that no untreated sewage is
conditions of that country should be discharged back into natural water
suitable. bodies. If our cities were rich enough
to meet the entire cost, water could
(b) As a staple food of a country,
be delivered free. They are not.
tuber crops like potato cannot
replace cereal crops. With reference to the above passage,
the following assumptions have been
(c) Some of the fungal infections of
made :
plants cannot be prevented or
stopped from spreading across large 1. Rich cities only can ensure
areas. sustainable delivery of water.

(d) Relying on a homogeneous food 2. Sustainable delivery of water in

source is not desirable. cities means much more than
supplying water to households.

Which of the above assumptions

Passage - 4
is/are valid?
Our urban bodies cannot possibly
ensure sustainable delivery of water
in our cities unless financing (a) 1 only
mechanisms are put in place. Water
(b) 2 only
delivery requires heavy investment in
collecting it from a natural source, (c) Both 1 and 2
treating it to make it potable, and
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
laying a distribution network of pipes
for delivery to the users. It also
requires investments in sewerage
Passage - 5
infrastructure and sewage treatment
plants so that the sewers can carry
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Genome editing is different from process that helps plants to adapt to

genome modification. Genome the environmental factors.
editing typically involves finding the
Which of the above assumptions
part of a plant genome that could be
is/are valid?
changed to render it less vulnerable
to disease, or resistant to certain (a) 1 only
herbicides, or to increase yields.
(b) 2 only
Researchers use 'molecular scissors'
to dissect the genome and repair it, (c) Both 1 and 2
which is a process that occurs
(d) Neither 1 nor 2.
naturally when plants are under
attack from diseases and can throw
up new mutations that enable the
Passage - 6
plant to survive future attacks. This
evolutionary process can effectively One of the biggest ironies around
be speeded up now that it is possible water is that it comes from rivers and
to examine plant genomes in detail in other wetlands. Yet it is seen as
laboratories, and create mechanisms divorced from them. While water is
through which the relevant genes can used as a resource, public policy does
be altered very precisely. not always grasp that it is a part of
the natural ecosystem. Efforts at
With reference to the above passage,
engineering water systems are thus
the following assumptions have been
efforts at augmenting water supply
made :
rather than strengthening the
1. Genome editing does not require capacities of ecological systems.
the transfer of genes from one plant
Which one of the following is the
to another.
most logical and rational inference
2. Through genome editing, the that can be made from the above
chosen genes can be altered precisely passage?
in a manner akin to the natural
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(a) Rivers and other wetlands should consequences are unstable

be protected under Ramsar employment and an accentuation of
convention. income and regional inequalities. A
probable positive consequence of
(b) Engineering water systems should
foreign investment is the inflow of
be modernized and further
new technology and its subsequent
augmented
diffusion. However, the technology
(c) Wetlands need to be reinforced as diffusion is not at all certain because
more than just open sources of the existing state of physical and
water. human capital in India may prove
inadequate for the diffusion
(d) Water supply should not be free
of cost so to prevent its misuse or Q .With reference to the above
overuse. passage, the following assumptions
have been made :

1. Relying on foreign investment in

Passage - 7
the long run is not an economically
Private investment in general is sound policy.
volatile. Foreign private investment is
2. Policies must be undertaken to
more volatile because the available
reduce volatility in foreign private
investment avenues are significantly
investment.
greater (i.e., the entire world).
Therefore, the responsibility of 3. Policies must be undertaken to
providing employment cannot be left strengthen investment. domestic
to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). private
The current FDI inflows are volatile
4. Public investment should be given
over time and, across sectors and
priority over private investment.
regions, which is necessary
consequence of their search for the
highest returns. The adverse
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

5. Substantial public investment in enough of the right foods and

education and health should be nutrients. Around 44 million children
undertaken under 5 are stunted. That makes it
harder for them to learn in school
Which of the above assumptions
and subsequently earn a living as
is/are valid?
adults. Their lifetime earnings
a) 1, 2 and 4 potential is almost a quarter less than
that of their healthy peers.
(b) 1, 3 and 5
With reference to the above passage,
(c) 2, 4 and 5
which of the following is/are the
(d) 3 only most rational and practical
implication/ implications?

Passage - 8
1. India's Public Distribution System
should be monitored by the Union
India is at once among the fastest Government.
growing global economies and home
to the largest number of 2. Girls should be encouraged to
malnourished children in the world. delay marriage and first pregnancy.
There are regions where malnutrition 3. Mothers should be encouraged to
is not the exception but the norm. breastfeed their children immediately
And across the country, malnutrition after birth.
is the cause of death for roughly half
the 1-3 million children who die 4. The supply of safe drinking water
before their fifth birthday each year. and proper sanitation facilities to all
Even those children who survive should be ensured.
suffer permanently from the damage 5. Authorities should ensure
that has already been done to their vaccination as prescribed. the
bodies and minds from not getting
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Select the correct answer using the With reference to the above passage,
code given below. the following assumptions have been
made
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
1. High risks involved in holding
(b) 2, 3, 4 and 5
maximum water in reservoirs are due
(c) 1 only to our over-dependence on
hydropower projects.
(d) 3 and 5 only.
2. Storage capacity of dams should
not be fully used before or during
Passage - 9 monsoon season

In India, authorities always look to

store the maximum amount of water
3. Role of dams in flood control is
in reservoirs during the monsoon
underestimated in India.
season, which is then used for
irrigation and generation of electricity Which of the above assumptions
during the summer months. It is an is/are valid?
internationally accepted practice that
(a) 1 and 2 only
the water level of a reservoir should
be kept below a certain level before (b) 2 only
the onset of monsoon season. This is
(c) 3 only
so that when monsoon rains come,
there is space to store the excess (d) 1, 2 and 3
rainwater and also so that water can
be released in a regulated manner.
But the authorities store the Passage - 10
maximum amount of water in oirs
In India, the current focus on the
even before the clos of the monsoon,
right to privacy is based on some new
only to ensure greater electricity
realities of the digital age. A right is a
generation and irrigation.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

substantive right only if it works in all (a) 1 and 2

situations, and for everyone. A right
(b) 3 only
to free expression for an individual
about her exploitation, for instance, (c) 1 and 3
is meaningless without actual
(d) 2 only
availability of security that
guarantees that private force cannot
be used to thwart this right. The role
of the State, therefore, is not just to
abstain from preventing rightful free
expression, but also to actively
ensure that private parties are not
able to block it.

Q. On the basis of the above passage,

the following assumptions have been
made

1.State should have some institutions

to ensure appropriate role in digital
society.

2. State should ensure that private

parties do ot violate the citizens' right
to privacy.

3. Digital economy is not compatible

with the idea of not violating the
citizens' privacy.

Which of the above assumptions

is/are valid?
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions were soon almost wholly dependent

on the potato as their staple food.".
1. B
4.B
Answer is B
Answer is B
Refer to these lines of the passage
"What people fail to notice is that Statement 1 is an extreme statement
this proclamation is prefixed with the and hence incorrect.
words "subject to public order,
5.C
morality, health and to the other
provisions of this Part", which set Answer is C
conditions precedent for the legal
Both statements are correct.
protection of religious practices of
any community.". 6.C

2. C Answer is Option C

Answer is C Refer to the statement " One of the

biggest ironies around water is that it
Referto these lines of the passage
comes from rivers and other
"Today, we cannot shut down banks
wetlands. Yet it is seen as divorced
because there is no proper system to
from them."
shut them down".
7. B
3.D
Answer is Option B
Answer is D
Given statements in option B are
Statement 2nd and 3rd statement are
relevant with the passage and are
extreme statements
correct to be assume. So it is the
Statement 4th is correct. Refer to correct answer..
these lines of the passage "The Irish
8. B
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Answer is Option B.

9. D

Answer is Option D

All the 3 statements are relevant and

in the context of the given passage
and hence valid to assume.

10. A

Answer is Option A

Statement 3 is invalid to assume as

the matter of Digital economy is not
discussed in the passage.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

complex, not only because of the

Day - 47 overlap between a number of
Directions for the following 10 (ten) wrongs, but because one or the other
items: wrong, generally Ciscrimination,
tends to acquire partial autonomy
Read the following passages and from others. This is borne out by the
answer the items that follow. Your history of repair in India.
answers to these questions should be
based on the passage only. Q1. What is the main idea that we
can infer from the passage?
Passage - 1
(a) Untouchability in India has not
Political theorists no doubt have to been taken seriously by political
take history of injustice, for example, theorists.
untouchability, seriously. The concept
of historical injustice takes note of a (b) Historical injustice is inevitable in
variety of historical wrongs that any society and is always beyond
contige into the present in some form repair.
or the other and tend to resist repair. (c) Social discrimination and
Two reasons might account for deprivation have their roots in bad
resistance to repair. One, not only are economies.
the roots of injustice buried deep in
history, injustice itself constitutes (d) It is difficult, if not impossible, to
economic structures of exploitation, repair every injustice manifestation
idcologies of discrimination and of historical injustice
modes of representation. Two, the Q2. On the basis of the above
category of historical injustice passage, the following assumptions
generally extends across a number of have been made :
wrongs such as economic
deprivation, social discrimination and 1. Removal of economic
lack of recognition This category is discrimination leads to removal of
social discrimination.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

2. Democratic polity is the best way as philosophy and as high as art.

to repair historical wrongs. Together it will impart meaning to
human existence.
Which of the above assumptions
is/are valid ? On the basis of the above passage,
the following assumptions have been
(a) 1 only
made:
(b) 2 only
1. A society without well educated
(c) Both 1 and 2 people cannot be transformed into a
modern society.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
2.Without acquiring culture, a
person's education is not complete.
Passage - 3
Which of the above assumptions
Education plays a great is/are valid?
transformatory role in life,
(a) 1 only
particularly so in this rapidly changing
and globalizing world. Universities (b) 2 only
are the custodians of the intellectual
(c) Both 1 and 2
capital and promoters of culture and
specialized knowledge. Culture is an (d) Neither 1 nor 2.
activity of thought, and receptiveness
Passage - 4
to beauty and human feelings. A
merely well informed man is only a Soil, in which nearly all our food
bore on God's earth. What we should grows, is a living resource that takes
aim at is producing men who possess years to form. Yet it can vanish in
both culture and expert knowledge. minutes. Each year 75 billion tonnes
Their expert knowledge will give of fertile soil is lost to erosion. That is
them a firm ground to start from and alarming and not just for food
their culture will lead them as deep producers. Soil can trap huge
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

quantities of carbon dioxide in the the economic power that drives it is

form of oranic carbon and prevent it invisible and not measurable. Like the
from escaping into the atmosphere. force of gravity, power is the
organising principle of inequality, be
On the basis of the above passage,
it of income, or wealth, gender, race,
the following assumptions have been
religion and region. Its effects are
made :
seen in a pervasive manner in all
1. Large scale soil erosion is a major spheres, but the ways in which
reason for widespread food economic power pulls and tilts visible
insecurity in the world. economic variables remain invisibly
obscure.
2. Soil erosion is mainly
anthropogenic. Q. On the basis of the above
passage, the following assumptions
3. Sustainable management of soils
have been made
helps in combating climate change.
1. Economic power is the only reason
Which of the above assumptions
for the existence of inequality in a
is/are valid ?
society.
(a) 1 and 2 only
2. Inequality of different kinds,
income, wealth, etc reinforces power

(b) 3 only 3. Economic power can be analysed

more through its effects than by
(c) 2 and 3 only
direct empirical methods.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the above assumptions
is/are valid ?

Passage - 5 (a) 1 and 2 only

Inequality is visible, even statistically (b) 3 only

measurable in many instances, but
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(c) 1 and 3 only we might desperately need some of

those varieties we have let go extinct.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
On the basis of the above passage,
the following assumptions have been
Passage - 6 made :

Food varieties extinction is happening 1. Humans have been the main

all over the world and it is happening reason for the large scale extinction
fast. For example, of the 7,000 apple of plant species.
varieties that were grown during the
2. Consumption of food mainly from
nineteenth century, fewer than a
locally cultivated crops ensures crop
hundred remain. In the Philippines,
diversity.
thousands of varieties of rice once
thrived; now only up to a hundred 3. The present style of production
are grown there. In China, 90 percent and distribution of food will finally
of the wheat varieties cultivated just lead to the problem of food scarcity
a century ago have disappeared. in the near future.
Farmers in the past painstakingly
4. Our food security may depend on
bred and developed crops well suited
our ability to preserve the locally
to the peculiarities of their local
cultivated varieties of crops.
climate and environment. In the
recent past, our heavy dependence Which of the above assumptions are
on a few high yielding varieties and valid?
technology-driven production and
(a) 1 and 3
distribution of food is causing the
dwindling of diversity in food crops. If (b) 2 and 4
some mutating crop disease or future
(c) 2 and 3
climate change decimates the few
crop plants we have come to depend (d) 1 and 4
on to feed our growing population,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Passage - 7 3. Humans are responsible for the

loss of the Earth's natural resilience.
A research team examined a long-
term owl roost. Owls prey on small Which of the above assumptions
mammals and the excreted remains is/are valid?
of those meals that accumulated over
(a) 1 and 2 only
the time, provide us an insight into
the composition and structure of (b) 3 only
small mammals over the past
(c) 2 and 3 only
millennia. The research suggested
that when the Earth went through a (d) 1, 2 and 3
period of rapid warming about
13,000 years ago, the small mammal
community was stable and resilient. Passage - 8
But, from the last quarter of the
Temperatures have risen nearly five
nineteenth century, human-made
times as rapidly on the Western
changes to the environment had
Antarctic Peninsula than the global
caused an enormous drop in biomass
average over the past five decades.
and energy flow. This dramatic
Researchers have now found that
decline in energy flow means modern
melting glaciers are causing a loss of
ecosystems are not adapting as easily
species diversity among benthos in
as they did in the past.
the coastal waters off the Antarctic
On the basis of the above passage, Peninsula, impacting an entire
the following assumptions have been seafloor ecosystem. They believe
made : increased levels of suspended
sediment in water to be the cause of
1. Global warming is a frequently
the dwindling biodiversity in the
occurring natural phenomenon
coastal region.
2. The impending global warming will
not adversely affect small mammals.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

On the basis of the above passage, and literacy. Banking correspondents

the following assumptions have been are way too small to be viewed as a
made : systemic risk. Yet India's banking
regulator has restricted them to
1. Regions of glaciers warm faster
serving only one bank, perhaps to
than other regions due to global
prevent arbitrage. Efforts at banking
warming.
outreach may succeed only if there
2. Global warming can lead to are better incentives at work for such
seafloor sedimentation in some last-mile workers and also those
areas. providers who ensure not just basic
bank accounts but also products such
3. Melting glaciers can reduce marine
as accident and life insurance and
biodiversity in some areas.
micro pension schemes.
Which of the above assumptions
Which one of the following is the
is/are valid?
most logical, rational and crucial
(a) 1 and 2 only inference that can be derived from
the above passage ?
(b) 3 only
(a) Efforts to bring people in India's
(c) 2 and 3 only
hinterland into the banking system
(d) 1, 2 and 3 are not successful.

(b) For meaningful financial inclusion,

India's banking system needs more
Passage - 9
number of banking correspondents
India has banking correspondents, and other such last-mile workers.
who help bring people in the
(c) Meaningful financial inclusion in
hinterland into the banking fold. For
India requires that banking
them to succeed, banks cannot crimp
correspondents have diverse skills.
on costs. They also cannot afford to
ignore investing in financial education
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

(d) Better banking outreach would be (c) in favour of planning cities mainly
impossible unless each banking for working class and poor people.
correspondent is allowed to serve a
(d) in favour of participation of
number of banks.
peoples' groups in city planning.

Passage - 10

The interests of working and poor

people have historically been
neglected in the planning of our
cities. Our cities are increasingly
intolerant, unsafe and unlivable
places for large numbers of citizens
and yet we continue to plan via the
old ways the static Development Plan
that draws exclusively from technical
expertise, distanced from people's
live expériences and needs, and
actively excluding large number of
people, places, activities and
practices that are an integral part of
the city.

The passage seems to argue

(a) against the monopoly of builders

and the interests of elite groups.

(b) against the need for global and

smart cities.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Answer is Option B

1. D Statement 1 is extreme so can't be

valid to assume.
Answer is Option D
While statement 2 is not discussed in
With the context of the above
the passage.
passage, option D is the correct
answer. 5.B

2. D Answer is Option B

Answer is Option D Refer to the statement:-

Both the statements are not in the Like the force of gravity, power is the
context with the given passage so organising principle of inequality, be
Option D is the correct answer. it of income, or wealth, gender, race,
religion and region. Its effects are
3. B
seen in a pervasive manner in all
Answer is Option B spheres, but the ways in which
economic power pulls and tilts visible
Refer to the statement :- A merely
economic variables remain invisibly
well informed man is only a bore on
obscure.
God's earth. What we should aim at is
producing men who possess both 6. B
culture and expert knowledge. Their
Answer is B
expert knowledge will give them a
firm ground to start from and their First statement is incorrect as it is
culture will lead them as deep as directly claiming that humans are the
philosophy and as high as art. main reason. So it's an extreme
statement.
4.B

Answer is B
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Third statement is incorrect. As the 9. C

phrase "will finally lead to the
Answer is C
problem of food scarcity in the near
future" is again an extreme Refer to these lines of the passage
statement. "Efforts at banking outreach may
succeed only if there are better
7. B
incentives at work for such last-mile
Answer is B workers and also those providers
who ensure not just basic bank
Refer to these lines of the passage
accounts but also products such as
"But, from the last quarter of the
accident and life insurance and micro
nineteenth century, human-made
pension schemes.".
changes to the environment had
caused an enormous drop in biomass 10. D
and energy flow."
Answer is D
8. C
Statement D is more close to the
Answer is C passage than statement C. Refer to
these lines of the passage "distanced
First statement is incorrect as the
from people's live expériences and
passage is talking only about Western
needs, and actively excluding large
Antarctic Peninsula and not about
number of people, places, activities
regions of glaciers generally.
and practices that are an integral part
Second and third statements are of the city"
correct. Refer to these lines of the
According the passage "interests of
passage "They believe increased
working and poor people have
levels of suspended sediment in
historically been neglected" but the
water to be the cause of the
passage is not indicating that cities
dwindling biodiversity in the coastal
should be planned mainly for working
region.".
class and poor people.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Which one of the following is/are the

Day - 42 most logical and rational inference(s)
Directions for the following 10 (ten) that can be made from the above
items: passage?

Read the following passages and (a) Duties, both legal and moral, are
answer the items that follow. Your cherished in order to reinforce those
answers to these questions should be rights.
based on the passage only. (b) An enlightened citizenry is critical
Passage - 1 to progress and good governance.

Any shift in state policy emphasis (c) Any notion of rights and duties
from rights to duties will be absurd being adversarial or hierarchical is
and a disservice to many for whom sophistic.
the realisation of even fundamental (d) Citizens are generally duty-bound
rights is still a work in progress. An to protect the integrity and the
enlightened citizenry is critical to sovereignty of the country.
progress and good governance. But
duty is not something that the
citizens owe to the state. The Passage - 2
obligation of individual citizens to the
collective pursuit of a nation can be Europe’s push for renewable energy
meaningful when their rights are at the cost of conventional fuel may
guaranteed by the state. The citizen end up causing a global food crisis.
has a right to use a public road, and a Since August 2021, Western Europe
duty to obey traffic rules. The right has faced a problem with renewable
and the duty are meaningful only in energy – the wind doesn’t always
conjunction. blow when needed and the sun
doesn’t always shine. Countries such
as UK, Spain and Germany are relying
more on natural gas to make up the
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

electricity shortfall, causing a crisis (b) 2 only

that will be felt worldwide. What
(c) Both of them
happens when renewable energy
doesn’t deliver the goods, and rich (d) Neither of them
economies scramble to buy gas to
make up the shortfall? The world is
discovering now. Commodity markets Passage - 3
across the world operate on a
When all is said and done, reality is
balance of demand and supply —
not made of laws and data, but the
even seemingly “small” changes in
actual experiences of human beings.
either side of a few percentage points
Real-life stories of women surfacing
can push the prices up or down
from time to time in our republic
sharply.
reveal how despite constitutional
With the reference of the above guarantees of equality, the state has
passage, the following assumptions seldom, if ever, intervened
have been made : systematically to ensure that women
are treated equally. We have a very
(a) Cheap and reliable energy sources
progressive Constitution on paper.
should not be abandoned until the
Article 14 guarantees equality before
alternatives have been stringently
law to all the country’s citizens.
stress tested.
Article 15 prohibits discrimination on
(b) A blind push to demonise and various grounds, including religion,
shut down traditional sources of caste, race and gender. Article 16
energy and move to less reliable provides for equality of opportunity
“clean” energy can have disastrous and equal pay for equal work to all in
effects. matters of public employment. But
our laws have never seriously
Choose the correct options
improved the unequal terms of male
(a) 1 only entitlement over women’s labour
and/or their bodies.
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

With the reference of the above predators, disease, the climate or

passage, the following assumptions starvation. So an inbuilt limit on an
have been made : animal’s lifespan may not be
important to evolution.
(a) Constitution cannot ensure the
equality of treatment for women Which one of the following is/are the
most logical and rational inference(s)
(b) If we truly wish to rethink the
that can be made from the above
republic as one in which women
passage?
really matter, we need to move
beyond reflections about family 1. Ageing is not just a change in how
relationships. we feel or look, ageing happens at a
cellular level.
Choose the correct options
2. Ageing is simply a side-effect of the
(a) 1 only
damage that builds up over time
(b) 2 only caused by metabolism or exposure to
ultraviolet light from the Sun.
(c) Both of them
Choose from the options:
(d) Neither of them
(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only
Passage - 4
(c) Both of them
It was once thought that ageing
happened for the continuing (d) Neither of them.
evolution of species. In other words,
the evolution of a species requires a
turnover of individuals. However, one Passage - 5
problem with this idea is that most
The crisis also holds lessons for India,
life on Earth does not ever reach old
which has ambitious plans for using
age. Most animals are killed by
renewable technologies but doesn’t
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

have the financial cushion available C) 1 and 2 Both

to the European nations. Cheap and
D) None of these
reliable energy sources should not be
abandoned until the alternatives
have been stringently stress tested.
Passage - 6
India will be especially hard hit if oil
prices spike as it imports close to 1.4 This mindset repeatedly surfaces in
billion barrels of oil annually. electoral politics too. When it comes
However, fresh investment in to ticket distribution, women — even
developing new oil and gas reserves those with a record of winning
has been slowing down globally, in elections — must remain at the
part due to climate action — and mercy of party bosses, mostly male.
crude oil price is at a multi-year high. This is justified by pointing out
biological factors — family
Q. With the reference of the above
responsibilities, child-bearing, etc. In
passage, following assumptions have
UP, for instance, a sitting woman
been made
MLA is being challenged in her own
1. The food inflation will come at a constituency by her husband, a party
time when the ongoing pandemic has post holder, for a ticket. An MLA’s
disproportionately hurt lower income daughter, who had married against
groups worldwide. her father’s wishes, has moved the
High Court to ask for police
2. A blind push to demonise and shut
protection for her husband and
down traditional sources of energy
herself, and later released a video
and move to less reliable “clean”
requesting her father to recall his
energy can have effects.
goons who had roughed them up
choose the correct option outside the court.

A) 1 Only Q. In the above passage, the critical

message conveyed by the author is
B) 2 Only
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

A) equality of opportunity and equal significance of fiscal dominance

pay for equal work to all in matters of cannot be underestimated. An
public employment accommodative fiscal stance to
nurture recovery is critical at this
B) prohibits discrimination on various
juncture.
grounds, including religion, caste,
race and gender. Q. With the reference of the above
passage, following assumptions have
C) our laws have never seriously
been done
improved the unequal terms of male
entitlement over women’s labour 1. An accommodative stance on
and/or their bodies. public spending in budget holds key
to economic revival.
D) None of the above
2. Credit-related policies alone
cannot lead a country out of the
macroeconomic crisis.

Passage - 7 Choose the correct option

Public investment in infrastructure is A) 1 Only

a major growth driver. Bringing down
B) 2 Only
the fiscal deficit to threshold levels
can be detrimental to the recovery. C) 1 and 2 Both
The plausible “fiscal risks” arising
D) None of these
from mounting public debt and
deficits need to be tackled with a
medium-term roadmap of fiscal
Passage - 8
consolidation, as an immediate
deficit reduction can affect the Now more than ever, it is crucial that
recovery process. Considering that we do whatever it takes to help our
the impact of a credit-linked stimulus children deal with the challenges and
on the economy is limited, the trauma they faced and continue to
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

face during the pandemic to preserve young children is that it is contagious!

their overall well-being. An When we teach our children to be
opportunity to minimize this risk is by compassionate and kind, it spreads
introducing Social-Emotional Learning the word and builds more tolerant
(SEL), a component that helps and compassionate communities.
children be more aware of how they
Q. The main focus of passage is
feel, giving them a safe space to
express their thoughts and emotions, A) Nurturing Comapssion in Young
dedicate time for their social- Children.
emotional well-being, and developing
B) It is important to recognize and
creative and artistic ways to express
acknowledge the difference between
the same.
the ‘feeling of helping’ and ‘feeling
Q. The author suggests that SEL pity’.

A) tends to make our lives precise C) Young children associate and

relate better with nature and
B) adds ease to our lives'
animals.
C) minimize the risk and challenges
D) Encouraging children to play with
faced by the children
friends.
D) None of the above

Passage - 10
Passage - 9
The poor especially in market
The benefits of teaching compassion economics need the strength that
are far-reaching for young children collectivities offer for creating more
and have even demonstrated to be economic, social and political space
the key to happiness in adults as well for themselves, for enhancing their
as children. But the best part about socioeconomic well-being and voice,
teaching kindness and compassion to and as a protection against free
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

market individualism. It has been 2. Increased agricultural productivity.

argued that a group approach to
3. Safeguard against exploitative
farming, especially in the form of
markets.
bottom up agricultural production
collectivities, offers substantial scope 4. Surplus production of agricultural
for poverty alleviation and commodities.
empowering the poor as well as
Select the correct Solution: using the
enhancing agricultural productivity.
codes given below:
To realize this potential, however, the
groups would need to be voluntary in a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
nature, small in size, participative in
b) 1, 2 and 3 only
decision making and equitable in
work sharing and benefit distribution. c) 2 and 4 only

There are many notable examples of d) 1, 3 and 4 only

such collectivities to be found in
varied contexts, such as in transitions
economies. All of them bear witness
to the possibility of successful
cooperation under given conditions.
And although the gender impact of
the family cooperatives in the
transition economies are uncertain,
the Indian examples of women-only
groups farming offer considerable
potential for benefiting women.

Q. Agricultural collectivities such as

group based farming can provide the
rural poor

1. Empowerment
VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

Solutions Both statements are not correct

1. (c) 5. (b)

Answer is C Answer is option B

Refer to these lines of the: As the first statement is out of the

context of the passage and hence not
The right and the duty are meaningful
valid to be assume and for second
only in conjunction.
statement Refer to the statement "
2 (c) The crisis also holds lessons for India,
which has ambitious plans for using
Answer is C
renewable technologies but doesn’t
Both of them are correct have the financial cushion available
to the European nations. Cheap and
Refer to the lines of passage:
reliable energy sources should not be
Europe’s push for renewable energy abandoned until the alternatives
at the cost of conventional fuel may have been stringently stress tested"
end up causing a global food crisis.
6. (c)
Since August 2021, Western Europe
has faced a problem with renewable Refer to the statement " This is
energy – the wind doesn’t always justified by pointing out biological
blow when needed and the sun factors — family responsibilities,
doesn’t always shine. child-bearing, etc. In UP, for instance,
a sitting w.................." .
3. (d)
7 (c)
Answer is D
Answer is Option C
Both are incorrect assumptions.
Refer to the statement " Considering
4. (d)
that the impact of a credit-linked
D stimulus on the economy is limited,
 VYASA IAS CHAMPIONS OF CSAT

the significance of fiscal dominance

cannot be underestimated. An
accommodative fiscal stance to
nurture recovery is critical at this
juncture."

8 (c)

Answer is Option C

Refer to the statement " An

opportunity to minimize this risk is by
introducing Social-Emotional Learning
(SEL), a component that helps
children be more aware of how they
feel, giving them a safe space ......."

9 (a)

Answer is Option A

Refer to the statement " The benefits

of teaching compassion are far-
reaching for young children and have
even demonstrated to be the key to
happiness in adults as well as
children"

10 (b)

“protection against free market

individualism” tells that statement 3
is correct. Rest others are very
explicitly mentioned in the passage.