Nagwa, Lanka-Varanasi
Session 2023-2024
Chemistry ProjeCt on
Extraction of essential oils present in
Saunf(Aniseed), Ajwain(Carom) and
Elaichi(Cardamom)
Submitted To: Submitted by:
Mr. Vishnu Datt Tripathi Shourya Kumar
Rai
(PGT-Chemistry). Class Xll
Roll no -
CertifiCate
This is certify that Shourya Kumar Rai of
class 12th, student of LITTLE FLOWER
HOUSE, NAGWA, LANKA, VARANASI of
Academic Session 2023-2024, has
prepared this investigatory project in
Accordance with guidelines followed by
CBSE Board Satisfactory.
Teacher’s Signature
Mr. Vishnu Datt Tripathi
(PGT-Chemistry)
aCknowledgement
We are extremely grateful to our project
supervisor and guider Mr. Vishnu Dutt
Tripathi SIR for their wise counseling.
guidance, encouragement and support to
us. This work would have never been
possible without their guidance and
support to all levels. They have contributed
many useful ideas and had given constant
directions. Whenever a problem arised in
the progress of completion of this study we
remain grateful to them. We have no words
to acknowledge our friends who helped in
the completion of the project work.
Finally, our hearty thanks to our parents,
family members for affection continuous
encouragement, moral support and
helping in various ways.
Shourya Kumar Rai
Class 12th
index
aim
Extraction of essential oils
present in Saunf(Aniseed),
Ajwain(Carom) and
Elaichi(Cardamom)
Aniseed oil. Carom oil.
Cardamom oil
introduCtion
An essential oil is a concentrated
hydrophobic liquid containing volatile
aroma compounds from Plants. They are
also known as volatile oils ethereal oils,
aetherolea etc. Essential oils are made up of
highly volatile substances which can be
extracted from numerous plant species.
Distillation based Recovery processes such
as steam and vacuum distillation are
preferred for the extraction of Essential oils
from plant materials. Virtually all naturally
occurring essential oils are made up of
Hydrocarbons such as camphene, pinene,
limonene, phellandrene
cedrene, and oxygenated Hydrocarbons
such as alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers,
ketones, lactones, phenols and organic
acids. The essential oil get their odours
from the oxygenated compounds contained
in them and these confer stability on the oil
against oxidation. The hydrocarbons are
less stable and are responsible for the
degradation observed in the oils. The
hydrocarbons contained in the essential oils
are often removed so that the oils can be
more stable and still retain their odours and
flavors.
theory
Steam distillation is a type of distillation (a
separation or extraction process) for a
temperature-sensitive plant such as natural
aromatic compounds. It once was a popular
laboratory method for purification of organic
compounds but has become obsolete by
vacuity distillation. Steam distillation still
important in certain industrial sectors. Steam
distillation is one of ancient and official
approved methods for isolation of essential oils
from plant materials. The plant materials
charged in the alembic are subjected to the
steam without maceration in water. The injected
steam passes through the plants from the base
of the alembic to the top. Steam distillation is a
method where steam flows through the
material. This steam functions as agents that
break up the pores of the raw material and
release the essential oil from it. The system
yields a mixture of a vapour and desired
essential oil. This vapour is then condensed
further and the essential oil is collected. The
principle of this technique is that the combined
vapour pressure equals the ambient pressure at
about 100 °C so that the volatile components
with the boiling points ranging from 150 to 300
°C can be evaporated at a temperature close to
that of water. Furthermore, this technique can
be also carried out under pressure depending
on the essential oils extraction difficulty.
CAROM OIL (AJWAIN)
1. Botanical name :- Trachyspermum
ammi
2. Common Method of Extraction :-
Distillation
3. Aroma :- Warm, Pungent, Peppery
4. Extraction :- Ajwain oil is extracted
from the crushed seeds of ajwain by the
method of steam distillation.
5. Chemical composition :- The main
constituents of the ajwain oil are thymol,
gamma-terpinene, pcymene, and beta-
pinene. Alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene,
beta-myrcene, carvacrol, limonene, and
terpinene-4-ol.
CARDAMOM OIL (ELAICHI)
1. Botanical name :- Elettaria
cardamonum
2. Common Method Of Extraction :-
Steam Distillation
3. Aroma :- Very complex and smooth
spice aroma
4. Extraction :- Cardamom oil is
extracted using steam distillation
method. For this, seeds of the fruit are
used just before they ripe. The yield
through this process is normally 1 to 5
per cent.
5. Chemical Composition :-
Cardamom oil contains sabinene,
myrcene, a-pinene, b-pinene,
aphellandrene, limonene, p-cymene,
terpinolene, 1,8-cineole, Y-terpinene,
linalool, linalyl acetate, a-terpineol
acetate, citronellol, nerol, terpinen-4-oil,
aterpineol, geraniol, methyl eugeno And
trans-nerolidol.
ANISEED OIL (SAUNF)
1. Botanical Name :- Pimpinella
anisum
2. Common Method of Extraction :-
Steam Distillation
3. Aromatic Description :- Distinctive
scent of licorice and sweet.
4. Color :- Clear
5. Constituents :- a-pinene, camphene,
B-pinene, linalool, cis-anethole, trans-
anethole, safrole, Anisaldehyde,
acetoanisole.
requirements
• Steam generator (Copper Vessel),
• Round bottom flask (500 ml),
• Conical flask,
• Condenser,
• Glass tubes,
• Iron stand,
• Sand bath,
• Separatory funnel,
• Tripod stands,
• Burners,
• Saunf (Aniseed) .
• Ajwain (Carom)
• Cardamom (Elaichi)
• Petroleum ether (60-80°C),
ProCedure
1. Set the apparatus as shown in the picture
of Experimental Setup.
2. The apparatus consists of a steam
generator connected to the round
bottom flask through a glass inlet tube.
The Flask is connected to a
water condenser through a glass outlet
tube. Condenser is further
attached to a receiver Through an
adaptor.
3. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam
generator and start heating to
produce steam.
4. In the round bottom flask take about 75
gm of crushed saunf.
5. A vigorous current of steam from steam
generator is passed through
the round bottom flask.
6. A part of the steam condenses in the
round bottom flask. As more and more
steam is passed, the steam volatile
Components of saunf pass through the
condenser along with steam. These
contents on condensation are collected
in the receiver.
7. The contents in the round bottom
flask may be heated by a bunsen burner
to prevent excessive condensation of
Steam.
8. The process of steam distillation is
continued for about half an hour.
9. Transfer the distillate to a separating
funnel and extract with 20 ml portions of
petroleum ether 3 times.
10. Combine the petroleum ether
extracts in a 250 ml conical
flask and dry it with the help of
anhydrous sodium Sulphate
. 11. Remove the solvent from the dried
filtrate by careful distillation in a water bath.
observations
1. Saunf (Aniseed)
• Weight of Saunf taken =. ___________
• Initial Weight of the bottle = ___________
• Weight of bottle + essential oil = ___________
• Weight of essential oil extracted =. ___________
• Percentage of essential oil =. ___________
• Colour of the oil =. ___________
• Odour of the oil =. ___________
2. Ajwain (Carom)
• Weight of ajwain taken = ___________
• Initial Weight of the bottle = ___________
• Weight of bottle + essential oil = ___________
• Weight of essential oil extracted =. ___________
• Percentage of essential oil = ___________
• Colour of the oil =. ___________
• Odour of the oil =. ___________
3. Cardamom (Elaichi)
• Weight of elaichi taken =
___________
• Initial Weight of the bottle = ___________
• Weight of bottle + essential oil = ___________
• Weight of essential oil extracted =. ___________
• Percentage of essential oil = ___________
• Colour of the oil = ___________
• Odour of the oil =. ___________
result
Essential oils present in
aniseed, carom and
cardamom are Extracted
from Steam distillation
method.
ConClusion
Essential oils smell great, reduce stress, treat
fungal infections, and
help you sleep. They are concentrated
extractions from plants. A
process called distillation turns the
“essence” of a plant into a
liquefied form for many medicinal and
recreational uses.
Essential oils have many uses outside of
aromatherapy. Many people
use them to scent their homes or freshen up
things like laundry. They
are also used as a natural scent in
homemade cosmetics and high-
quality natural products
Essential oils enter the body primarily in three
ways—applied to the skin,
inhaled, or ingested. Within each of these,
there are many different kinds of
application methods. For example, you can
apply essential oils topically
using compresses, sprays, baths, or
massaging them into the skin.
bibliograPhy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anise
http://www.essentialoils.co.za/ess
ential-oils/aniseed.htm
https://in.iherb.com/blog/top-
13-essential-oils-and- how-they-
can-benefit-your-health/236
