REFLECT

READING & WRITING

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ON THE COVER
Mirrors Theater, Maraya Concert Hall, Saudi Arabia.
© Dhafer Alshehri
 IN THIS UNIT
 iscuss reasons
D

1 BUILDING
UNIT
for having a strong
community
 ssess ways to meet
A
people

COMMUNITY
 valuate a
E
neighborhood
 pply ideas to your
A
neighborhood
 rite a paragraph
W
about your ideal
community

SKILLS
READING
Understand main
ideas and details

WRITING
Organize a paragraph

GRAMMAR
Multi-word verbs

CRITICAL THINKING
Support your opinion

Surfers at Eisbach, a
small man-made river
in Munich, Germany
CONNECT TO THE TOPIC
1. W here are the
people in the
photo? What are
they doing?
2. Who do you think
built this space, and
why? Explain.

2   3
WATCH PREPARE TO READ
A VOCABULARY Read the definitions. Then complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words.

deal with (v phr) to take action on impact (v) to affect

effect (n) a result lonely (adj) having no one to talk to or be with
effort (n) a big push or attempt to do something productive (adj) able to do or achieve a lot
expert (n) someone who is very skilled social (adj) of or about people

Montreal, human (n) a person volunteer (v) to offer to do something

Quebec, Canada
1. A(n) is someone who knows a lot about a topic or subject.
WHAT DOES 2. A good way to meet people is through activities like sports and clubs.

COMMUNITY MEAN TO YOU? 3. Some people are in the mornings. Others get work done at night.

4. Making friends can be difficult in a big city, so many people are .

A Watch the video and choose the best answer to complete each statement. 1.1
5. need to connect with others to be happy and healthy.
1. The people are mostly teenagers / young adults / middle-aged.
6. A park can a community in many positive ways.
2. They probably live in a village / small town / city.
3. Community is not very / somewhat / very important for most of them. 7. If you for a charity, you can help people in need.

1.1 8. You have to a lot of traffic when you drive in a big city.
B Watch again. Put the responses in the order that you hear them (2–8).
9. Online communities have good and bad on people.
Community is a place…
with like-minded people. with restaurants and shops. 10. You must make a(n) to meet people if you move somewhere new.

that’s walkable. where you know everybody.

B PERSONALIZE Discuss these questions with a partner.
1 where people work together. with a movie theater. 1. Why might people feel lonely in a big city?
2. What kind of social activities do you enjoy?
where you can sit down. that’s peaceful.
3. If you had more time to volunteer, what type of organization would you work with?

REFLECT Discuss reasons for having a strong community.

CRITICAL THINKING Support your opinion
When you give an opinion, support it with reasons. This will make your opinions more believable. Before you read about why we need community, reflect on why community is important.
For example, if you think a community should be walkable, give reasons for that opinion. How can a neighborhood or community change people’s lives? Write notes about your ideas.
I think it’s important to have a lot of places you can walk to. This is good for your health because Share your ideas in a small group.
you get exercise. It also reduces pollution from cars and saves you money.

C Read the responses in activity B again. Which features of a community do you think are most
important? Tell a partner your ideas. Support your opinion.

4 UNIT 1 BUILDING COMMUNITY 5

READ

WHY WE NEED
COMMUNITIES

People relaxing by
Cheong-Gyecheon
stream in Seoul, Korea

A PREDICT Check (✓) the 1.1 A study in 2013 showed that having few social volunteered to help. Joan’s neighbors learned
reasons for needing community connections is worse for your health than smoking new skills while they made a movie together. They
that you think will be in the 1 Most of us like living near other people in a cigarettes. became good friends, too. Dr. Emma Seppala of
community. Why? Early humans lived in large groups Stanford University studies the effects of social
article.
called tribes. Tribes were necessary to keep people alive. 3 Being in a community has many positive effects. connections. She says there are other ways people
reduces stress People in tribes shared food and kept each other safe. As If we are sick, close social connections help us get can connect in their community. These include
helps you sleep better a result, our brains are hardwired1 to connect with other better faster. And they help us sleep better, too. One getting a pet and meeting other pet owners, or taking
people. Being part of a community—a modern kind study showed that being part of a community gives a class and learning something new.
makes you live longer of tribe—impacts our health and happiness in many you a 50 percent chance of living longer. People who
makes it easier to go out and ways. have good social connections do better at school. They 5 In conclusion, it might take effort, but the
exercise are also more productive at work and keep their benefits of making connections in your community
2 Studies show that people who are less connected jobs longer. are worth it. Communities make us feel good
stops you from feeling lonely to a community are more likely to get sick. A recent and help us deal with the problem of loneliness.
makes it easier to buy healthy survey2 in the United Kingdom found that nearly ten 4 There are several ways we can get more of Connect with your community today.
foods million people said they often felt lonely. That’s one the positive effects from our communities. Using
in six people in the whole country. In fact, loneliness is Nextdoor, a neighborhood social networking app, 1
hardwired (adj) natural way of thinking or behaving
increasing around the world. When we are lonely, is one way. For example, Joan in Barcelona, Spain, 2
survey (n) a set of questions designed to ask people’s
we feel stressed. Stress can lead to health problems used Nextdoor to tell neighbors that he needed help. opinions
such as heart disease and weight gain, experts say. He wanted to make a movie. Over forty neighbors

6 UNIT 1 BUILDING COMMUNITY 7

 PREPARE TO READ
READING SKILL Understand main ideas and details
The main idea is the most important idea in a paragraph. It is often stated in A VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words. Use a
the first or second sentence of a paragraph. The main idea guides the rest of the dictionary if necessary.
paragraph. Details give more information or explain the main idea. Details answer
who, what, when, where, why, and how questions that support the main idea. central (adj) design (v) generation (n) public (adj) resident (n)
create (v) gather (v) privacy (n) recommend (v) style (n)

B MAIN IDEAS Underline the main ideas in paragraphs 2–4. 1. A program helps of San Francisco plant trees in their neighborhoods.

C MAIN IDEAS Write the correct paragraph number (2–4) next to its main idea. 2. The older is less likely to have a community of friends online.

a. There are benefits to belonging to a community. 3. One of the nicest places in Seoul is Haneul Park. People go there to walk.

b. Not being part of a community can be unhealthy. 4. The report that the city add more bus stops for people who don’t drive.

c. There are ways to connect to people in communities. 5. People often at this café. It’s a good place to meet friends.

D DETAILS Write short answers to the questions. Use details from the article. 6. The meeting place on campus is the fountain. It’s in the middle of
1. What is a growing problem around the world? everything.

2. What causes some people to gain weight or get heart disease? 7. Some people build fences around their homes because they want .
Other people think fences make it difficult to get to know neighbors.
3. When was the study about the effects of social connections published?
8. When architects buildings, they think about how people will use them.
4. What are four health benefits of being part of a community?
9. There are many ways to a better community. For example, you can have

a neighborhood party or start a community garden.

10. Kenzo Takada lives in a typical Japanese- house in Paris.
5. Where was the neighborhood movie made?
B PERSONALIZE Discuss these questions with a partner.
6. How did the movie project benefit the neighborhood?
1. What style of house do you prefer—traditional or modern? Explain.
2. What is a popular public space in your town or city? When do people like to gather there?

REFLECT Assess ways to meet people. REFLECT Evaluate a neighborhood.

What are the best ways to meet people in your community? Add your own You are going to read about city design. Before you do, think of a neighborhood you know
ideas. Check your top three. Then discuss your reasons with a partner. well. What makes it a good place to live? What is not so good about it? Complete the chart
below. Then share your ideas with a classmate.
Say “hi“ to your neighbors Join a social club
Good things about the neighborhood Bad things about the neighborhood
Take your dog for a walk Volunteer

Do a fitness activity or sport Communicate through an online app

8 UNIT 1 BUILDING COMMUNITY 9

READ 1.2
1 What makes a city a healthy and happy place to live? Charles Montgomery, founder
of Happy City, thinks he knows. Happy City helps cities design community spaces so

HAPPY CITIES, BY DESIGN that residents can be happier and healthier. Montgomery thinks that social connections
are the most important factor in human happiness. His research found that these
connections are improved in cities that:
have green spaces
are walkable
 are quiet
are safe
 and bring people together.

Here are a few examples of government projects that have helped people connect.

CONNECTING NEIGHBORS IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)

2 Modern neighborhoods in the UAE have a lot of single-family homes. They also have
large front yards. These communities looked nice, but residents were not connecting with
their neighbors. Happy City worked with local officials to research the problem. The
answer was simple. They recommended the UAE look to the past and build traditional
houses. In the UAE, many generations often live together. It’s important that they have
a place to meet in the house. However, family members still need privacy. A traditional
style house has a courtyard1. Courtyards provide both private spaces and areas for people
to come together. Happy City also suggested adding central meeting places such as
squares2 to neighborhoods. People can meet each other in these squares when they are out.

TRAIN STATION GARDENING IN TOKYO

3 Officials in Tokyo, Japan, wanted to create more green areas in the city. This is
difficult because there are so few open spaces in the city. But a railway company had an
idea—build community gardens on top of railway stations. These small public gardens
are for people to grow vegetables on. Residents can rent a space for a year. Experts teach
people how to grow plants. Families and train passengers spend time in the gardens
getting to know each other. Today, there are five of these railway station gardens in
Tokyo. “We’re building a community…in which the local residents can take part and
have fun,” says a spokesperson for the railway company.

A MEETING PLACE IN SÃO PAULO

4 São Paulo is a huge city of more than 12 million people. In 2012, the mayor3 asked
Public green spaces in São architects to design more ways for residents to meet. One simple solution was to change
Paolo, Brazil, help residents an unused square into a place for residents to gather. They added seating under trees.
to be happy and healthy. They also added bathrooms and free wi-fi. They put bicycle lanes around the square and
made it safer to cross the roads. Now, the square has concerts and an outdoor cinema. As
a result, over 200 percent more people use the square now than before.

A PREDICT Look at the photo. Read the title and the headings. What do courtyard (n) an open area, without a roof, that is enclosed by the walls of a building
1

you think the article is mostly about?

square (n) an open, public space in city or town
2

a. Top cities for people to move to mayor (n) the elected leader of a city
3

b. Tips on making your community a happier place to live

c. Places where governments have improved communities

10 UNIT 1 BUILDING COMMUNITY 11

B MAIN IDEAS Complete the main ideas. Use one or two words from the article. WRITE
Paragraph 1: Improving in cities will help people to be happier.
UNIT TASK Write a paragraph about your ideal community.
Paragraph 2: To help residents connect, the UAE plans to return to houses.

Paragraph 3: To create more green space, Tokyo created gardens above . You are going to write a response to a survey asking: “What is your ideal
community?” Use the ideas, skills, and vocabulary from the unit.
Paragraph 4: To help residents meet each other, São Paulo improved a(n) .

C DETAILS Read the statements about Montgomery’s research in paragraph 1. Write T for A MODEL Read the paragraph. Would you like to live in this community?
True, F for False, or NG for Not Given. Share your ideas with a partner.

People are happier in cities…

1.  with streets that are car-free. My Ideal Community

2.  that have places where people can meet. My ideal community is a healthy place for residents and for the Earth. First

3.  that have no apartment blocks. of all, my ideal community is walkable. For example, I want to easily pick up

4. with parks and gardens. groceries or drop off laundry on foot. Getting around without a car is important
to me. This is because fewer cars means better air quality. Secondly, my ideal
5. that are noisy.
community is a zero-waste community. Zero-waste means nothing gets thrown
6. that are not dangerous.
away. For example, restaurants and cafes do not throw away unsold food.
D DETAILS Complete the chart with the correct details (a–h). Finally, my ideal community helps people keep fit. For example, there are a lot
of parks and gyms where people can get together and exercise. These places
The UAE Tokyo, Japan São Paulo, Brazil
are good for physical and mental health. A place that makes it easy for people
and the planet to stay healthy is my idea of a perfect community.

a. Residents can rent a space.

b. Planners found that traditional houses are better.
c. Planners put in wi-fi. WRITING SKILL Organize a paragraph
d. There’s a square with places to sit in the shade. A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea.
The topic sentence introduces the main idea. It is often the first or second
e. Residents meet train passengers.
sentence.
f. Planners put meeting places in the neighborhoods. Supporting ideas are smaller ideas about the topic sentence. There are often
g. Residents learn how to grow plants. two or more supporting ideas in a paragraph.
Details give more information about each supporting idea.
h. A safer way to cross the street is one improvement.
The concluding sentence is the final sentence of the paragraph. It usually
restates the topic sentence in different words.
REFLECT Apply ideas to your neighborhood.

Think of a part of your city or town that could be nicer. Which ideas in the article might help B APPLY Complete the tasks.
improve that part of town? Write your ideas in your notebook. Then share your ideas with a
1. Underline the topic sentence and the concluding sentence in the model.
partner.
2. Check (✓) the three supporting ideas.

12 UNIT 1 BUILDING COMMUNITY 13

C ANALYZE THE MODEL Complete the outline of the model.
Title: My Ideal Community GRAMMAR Multi-word verbs
Topic sentence: My ideal community is . Verbs with two or three words are common. They are usually formed with a verb + a preposition
or particle. Sometimes the meaning of these multi-word verbs is clear. For example, to move in
means “to go live in a new home.” The meanings of other multi-word verbs are not as obvious. For
Supporting idea 1: It’s walkable. example, to pick up can mean “to get someone or something from another place.” It’s a good idea
to learn these verbs as units. Here are some common multi-word verbs to use when writing about
Details: can pick up or drop off communities:

fewer cars mean better ask around get around meet up with run into
drop off* get together move in* sign up*
Supporting idea 2: It’s a community.
eat out help out* pick up* throw away*
Details: means nothing gets get along with look forward to put together* work out*
*These are separable verbs. You can separate some two-word verbs with an object. For example: You can pick up your laundry
restaurants and cafes don’t tomorrow. You can pick it up after 3 p.m.
Supporting idea 3: It helps people

Details: lots of and gyms, and other places good for E GRAMMAR Underline the multi-word verbs in the model paragraph in activity A.
physical and mental health
F GRAMMAR Read the definitions. Write the correct multi-word verb from the Grammar
Concluding sentence: A place that box. Use a dictionary to help.
is my idea of a perfect community. 1. : have dinner at a restaurant
2. : meet on purpose
D APPLY Read the sentences below the paragraph. Then complete the
paragraph with the correct topic and supporting sentences. Write the letters in 3. : meet accidentally
the blanks. There is one extra. 4. : exercise
5. : get information by talking to people
How to Meet New People
6. : feel happy about a future event
1
First of all, try to get to know your neighbors. 2
This way, you 7. : leave something somewhere
meet new people and also learn about the best shops and restaurants. 3 8. : put into the trash
Yoga classes, for example, are a great way to make new friends. In these classes
G GRAMMAR Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the multi-word verbs.
you meet people who have a similar interest. Finally, you can volunteer in your
community. 4 Volunteering is a good way to meet people and do good things ask around help out get along with pick up run into sign up
at the same time. In short, there a lot of ways to improve your life and meet new
1. If you like to , try volunteering.
people at the same time.
2. If you want to relax and meet other people, for a yoga class at the gym.
a. For example, you can introduce yourself and ask them for
3. The grocery store is a place where you might your neighbors.
recommendations.
4. If you want to your neighbors, be quiet after 11 p.m.
b. Secondly, you can join a team.
5. It’s a good idea to for restaurant recommendations. The locals usually know
c. Secondly, you can join a gym or exercise class.
the best places.
d. For example, you can help plan and organize neighborhood events.
6. Some supermarkets let you order online and your food outside
e. There are many ways to meet people when you move to a new place. the store.

14 UNIT 1 BUILDING COMMUNITY 15

H GRAMMAR Write sentences about yourself and your community with the verbs. PLAN & WRITE
1. (get along with)
J BRAINSTORM What is your ideal community like? Complete the concept map with the
2. (run into) ideas from the unit or your own ideas.
3. (get around)
4. (look forward to)
5. (put up with)
6. (eat out)
7. (help out)
My ideal commnity
8. (meet up with)

I EDIT Read the paragraph. Find and correct five errors with multi-word verbs.

My Ideal Community

My ideal community helps people connect. I live alone, so I want to live in a community
where it’s easy to meet up people. First of all, I prefer a small community. It’s easier to run to
people in a small town. For example, in a small town, you often see your friends and neighbors WRITING TIP
around. You see them when eating up at a restaurant or dropping your laundry up. Second,
Making an outline before you write helps you more easily see parts of a paragraph that may be missing (for
my ideal community has a lot of public places that are designed for older people. For example, example, a detail). It also helps you quickly see how well the supporting ideas connect to the main idea.

there are parks and squares that have comfortable places to sit. Finally, my ideal community
has places that make it easy for people to get up. There are cafés and restaurants that aren’t too K OUTLINE Complete the outline. Choose the three most important ideas from your
brainstorming. These are your supporting ideas.
expensive. There are also events to attend, like outdoor concerts or movies. In conclusion, my
Title: My Ideal Community
ideal community is a place where it’s easy to meet people.
Topic sentence: My ideal community

The park in the central Supporting idea 1:

square (Plaza Mayor) in
Antigua, Guatemala Details:

Supporting idea 2:

Details:

Supporting idea 3:

Details:

Concluding sentence:

16 UNIT 1 BUILDING COMMUNITY 17

L FIRST DRAFT Use your outline to write a first draft of your paragraph. REFLECT
M REVISE Use this list as you write your second draft. A Check (✓) the Reflect activities you can do and the academic skills you can use.
Does your topic sentence include the main idea of your paragraph? discuss reasons for having a strong community understand main ideas and details
Does your paragraph have two or three supporting ideas? assess ways to meet people organize a paragraph
Does each supporting idea have one or two details? evaluate a neighborhood multi-word verbs
Does your paragraph have a concluding sentence? WRITING TIP apply ideas to your neighborhood support your opinion

The subject in a write a paragraph about your ideal community

N EDIT Use this list as you write your final draft.
sentence must always
Did you use multi-word verbs correctly? agree with the verb. B Write the vocabulary words from the unit in the correct column. Add any other words
For example, they likes
Do your subjects and verbs agree? is an error because that you learned. Circle words you still need to practice.
Did you spell all the words correctly? the subject (they) does
not agree with the NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB & OTHER
Did you use correct punctuation? verb (likes). It should
be they like. This is
called subject-verb
O F INAL DRAFT Reread your paragraph and correct any errors. agreement.
Then submit it to your teacher.

Colorful homes in
Upernavik, Greenland

C Reflect on the ideas in the unit as you answer these questions.

1. What information about creating communities did you find the most interesting or
useful? Explain.

2. What ideas or skills in this unit will be most useful to you in the future? Explain.

18 UNIT 1 BUILDING COMMUNITY 19