Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun EB ROaRee Tr PATS Ri vic AIT WTO 1 IN LENO : iliarizatio: ii . : Famil n of electronic measuring instruments and components. tive: To get a brief idea of different electronic passive components such as resistors, capacitors and inductors. To understand different electronic active components e.g. p-n junction diode, zener diode, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and bipolar junction transistors (BJTS). Understanding of integrated circuits (ICs) and breadboard. To get a brief idea of different electronic measuring instruments such as cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) and multimeter. ae s, ICs. bread board, multimeter, CRO and connecting cables. orv: Electronic components can he categorized into two grouns discrete camponents and cuits (ICs). Further discrete components can be classified as passive and active ponents sive components ive components canit introduce net energy into the circuit. They can't amplify the signal ase the power of signal). Passive components include two-terminal components such as tOrs. * Capacitors * Inductors * Transformers ive components of energy and usually can inject power into a cireuit. Active ive components rely om @ SOUICE ponents such as APonents include amplifying Com * Transistors riode Vacuum Tubes SS ges Manual: Basic Electronics Engineering Lab= Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun Tunnel Diodes stors sistor iS @ passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as yit element. The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to the voltage across the tor's terminals. This relationship is represented by Ohm's law. Resistors are one of the most components in a cireuit. Most are color coded, but some have their value in Ohms and their nce printed on them, %, WA Resistance Symbol of Resistance ‘Coding System for finding the value of resistor and Color Ist Band # 2nd Band# | 3° Band Multiplier x 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 10 | | 2 I 2 2 100 3 | 3 B 1000 an | 4 4 4 {10,0008 | | | 3 5 5 100,000 | i 6 6 6 1,000,000 | | in 7 a 10,000,000 | +0.10% 1 3 8 | 8 100,000,000 | = 0.05% | | 9 9 | 9 1,000,000,000 | 1 | 1 =5% 0.01 =10% | £20% own as a condenser) is a passive wort terminal electrical component used apacitor (originally Ki yrs are also very commonly used. ore energy. Capacito i ge 4 Manual: Basie Electromies engineering Lab Pasipera of Electronics & Communication Engineering raphic Era Hill University, Dehradun Al Capacitor Symbol of Capacitor ductors An inductor, also called a coil or reactor, is a passive two-terminal electrical component which ni (allen accuyiinla toners eeranenald in coil. When the current tor changes, the time-varying magnetic field duces a voltage in the conductor, according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, which y Tena’ low onnases the change in current that created it Core tater! Number of cures. Typical form of an Inductor Symbol of Inductor 'N Junction Diode Tn electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance, it Ihas low (ideally zero) resistance to current flow in one direction and high (ideally infinite) Fesistance in the other.Department of Electro; nics & Communication Engineeri _Graphic Era oe ae Hill University, Dehradun CATHODE ~ vs ~ “CATHODE ATRODE TERMINAL) P-N Junction Diode fansistors transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical cr. It is composed of Semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an smal circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the ent through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher an the controlling (input) power. a transistor can amplify a signal. @ A E iS Emitter n-p-n p-n-p Collector Symbol of Transistor Transistor ingineering Lab @b Manual: Basic Blectronics © | |== Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Hill University, Dehradun egrated Circuits integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a rrochip) is @ set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, ally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent Bmponents Integrated Circuits D and LED Display light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps many devices and are inereasingly used for other lighting. LEDs emitted low-intensity light, but lodem versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very igh brightness. Fiat Edge Short Leg ) i i We a | | eS LED Display ingineering Lab Basic Electronics E1tteries electrici a battery is a ice consisting of one or more trochemical cells that ¢ stored chemical energy Selection fo electrical energy. Dis) De Yoluge Range Voltage Range Range uses Current Range electronics and _ electrical jeineering, a fuse is a type of Probe resistance resistor that acts Sockets a sacrificial device to provide current protection, of either the load or source circuit. It's essential 4 ponent 1s a metal wire Or strip that melts when too much current flows, ich interrupts the circuit in which it is connected. Short circuit, overloading, fismatched loads or device failure are the prime reasons for excessive current. fuse WNclLUpls CALESSIVE Current (biows) so inal Tumher Gamage dy erheating or fire is prevented. ‘easuring Instruments lultimeter Multimeter is an electronic device that is used to make various electrical measurements. such as and DC voltage, M@ImaNDe eumment and resistance. It is called a Multimeter because it ombines the eons of a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter. Multimeter may also have other inctions, such as diode test, continuity test, transistor test, TTL logic test and frequency test. athode-Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) pe (CRO) is a common labor nts of voltage signals over a wi f operation make 11 suitable as thode-ray tube shown schematically in Figure. atory instrument that provides accurate ‘ide range of frequencies. Its 1 cathode-ray oscillosco} a general purpose laboratory ime and amplitude measureme liability. stability, and eaS® O° pstrument. The heart of the CRO is a catae Department of Electronii Graphic Era Hi Input = ia ls Vertical Sar aBelay Amelificr Saati Luminous Lo Spot Phosphor Sereen | electron Tocet aa HV Supply | } yee = eletron WSupply Beam T Vertical To All Circuits Deflection, ee FS ees Horizontal Teger | Bates Gareth | | orizoneal | Deflection Cireuit Generator Amplifier ————— Plates inction Generator function generator is electronic test equipment used to generate different types of waveforms ier a wide range of frequencies. Function generators are capable of producing a variety of itive waveforms like Sine, Square, Triangular and pulses boards are used for mounting electronic components and to make connecting them together 5, and are similar tothe printed cireuits boards used in most electronic devices. Breadboards ke it easy 10 add and remove components. Your breadboard has 830 holes arranged into rows columns (some models may have more or less holes but will be arranged the same Way),sult Analysis & Conclusion: This section should be written individually by each student. = Department of Electro, nics & Communication Engineering Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun le holes are connected together as follows: There are many columns of connected together, makes 126 columns there is a wire withi S holes each. The 5 holes within each column are electrically but the columns are not electrically connected to each other. This Of5 holes each, Note that “electrically connected together” means that in the breadboard connecting the 5 holes. All holes in the rows marked with a blue “—" or a red “+” are electric together, but none of these rows connected are electrically connected to each other. This makes 6 rows of 100 holes. Thered/ holes will usually be used for your “+” battery or power supply connections and the blue “—* holes will usually be used for your ground (“battery or power supply) connections AE. saan] iH Goo, i Eee EEE ee ECR) BREADBOARD ult: Study of elementary components has been completed. ee.