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Surrealism ( “e)
(Fr. beyond realism)
ete Pisa Site HF
Surrealism: (242)
Surrealism is an artistic and literary movement which started in France in 1920. It was
‘anti rational and anti realist. It drew upon some of the concepts of Freudian psychology. It
advocated the liberation (G17) of the mind from logic (C**). It derived its material from
the subsconcious mind,
it was an attempt to capture the mind’s deepest and most unconscious aspects in
painting. In literature, automatic writing and stream of consciousness (Su"") came
closest to being influenced by this kind of approach.
The poets and the arfists focussed their attention on the subject matter provided by
dreams, hallucination (<4), waking and sleeping conditions. The surrealists tried to
synthesize (t,»-£7) the expriences of unconscious and conscious. Andre Breton was the
first poet in France who for the first time worked on the unconscious mind and wrote his
findings of the unconscious in the form of poetry.
Breton had been influenced by Freudian analysis. He wrote the Surrealist Manifesto in
4924, in which he praised Freud's notion of the unconscious. The Surrealists saw the
‘unconscious’ as a source of creative energy . Breton defined surrealism as ‘psychic
automatism Ub FdL2)
He experimented with automatic writing under hypnosis. se OPVE Sober ET)
(t. The surtealists were particularly interested in the study and effects of dream. They
sought to reach a higher plane of reality by abandoning (tL) logic. Breton declared, "to
uproot thought from an increasingly cruel state of thraldom (Yi) and return it to its
original purity."
He held that there was a ‘point’ in the mind, where, beyond realism, one attains a new
knowledge. Arthur Rimbaud’s phrase’ the ‘reasoned disorder of all senses’ became the
model of surrealists. Among the poets who have writen in the Surrealist manner are
Aragon, Salvador , Max Emst and Joan Miro. The painters are Chirico, Piccasso, Tanguy
and Salvador Dali.
The Movement failed to become popular as its exponents involved themselves into
political activities. Breton wrote, "The simplest pistol in hand and firing blindly, as fast as
‘You pull the trigger" The surrealists sided with the communist party and supported the
native rebellions.agairist French colonial power. (he
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