ETD (EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTOR) AVSEC CIRCULAR 25/2004
(APPENDIX K)
PRINCIPLE:
Ion Scan 500DT works on principles of IMS (Ion mobility spectrometry).
Samples (particles) collected on a sample swab is heated, vaporized and swept into the
IMS.
Hot vapors are passed through a repelling mesh and into the reaction region and
subjected to a weak ionization source i.e. Nickel 63 beta emitter.
Both positive and negative ions are formed by collision of beta particles with the gases
in the sample stream.
The IMS has an electric field applied along its length. The polarity of this field is either
positive or negative depending on the type substances tested for.
The ions of the correct polarity are allowed to move from the reaction region into the
drift region by the momentary opening of a grating grid.
The various ions travel at different, but characteristic speed and arrives at the collector
electrode at unique drift times.
Size and structure of the ions means travel at different speeds.
Ions travel through a grid and hit the collector and generate signal.
The system is programmed with the values for each analyse based on drift amplitude.
DEFINE IONMOBILITY SPECTROMETRY(SMITHS)
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is an analytical technique used to separate and identify ionized
molecules in the gas phase based on their mobility in a carrier buffer gas
ION TRAP MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY(RAPISCAN)
Ion Trap Mobility Spectrometry (ITMS) detects chemicals based on migration of ions through
an electric field. ITMS is very similar to IMS in that both techniques use ion mobility for
identification, but differs from IMS in the source-drift tube interface design. (ITMS can
simultaneously detect positive ions and negative ions including both nitro and non nitro target
substances).
Explosive Detection System (EDS) A technology system or combination of
different
technologies which has the ability to detect, and so to indicate by means of an alarm,
explosive material contained in baggage or other articles, irrespective of the material
from which the bag is made.
TRACE DETECTION EQUIPMENT: A technology system or combination of different
technologies which has the ability to detect very small amounts of explosive materials, and so
to indicate, by means of an alarm, any such materials contained in baggage or other articles
subjected for analysis.
BCAS SPECIFICATION FOR EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTORS (ETD).
1. 1 Detection Capacity : Detect explosives such as RDX, PETN, TNT,
Dynamite, SEMTEX, C4, HMX, and
Ammonium Nitrate etc. with programmable
Detection capability.
1.2. Detection Technology : Based on the latest technology in explosive
detection.
1.3. Sensitivity : Capable of detection Explosive minimum of
100 ng in operational/ laboratory conditions.
1.4. Selectivity : <2% typical false alarm rate.
1.5. Analysis Time : Approximate 10 Sec per sample.
1.6. Sample collection i) Surface wipe for trace particle/using
filter/vacuum pump unit.
Ii) Air collection for vapour
1.7. Warm up time : Approx. 20-30 minutes.
1.8. Power: 110/220 V, 50/50 Hz. 30w, Auto Sensing. 12 volt DC
1.9. Detection mode : Explosive mode. Optional - narcotic
1.10. Signal processing i) Variable integration time.
ii) Plasma gram component
iii) Recognition of multiple
explosives in particulate /vapour mode.
1.11. Weight (Hand Unit) : Less than 40 kg. (Portable unit)
1.12. Calibration : Automatic calibration.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD EXPLOSIVE DETECTOR
SENSITIVITY- lowest amount of explosive a detector can detect reliably. Most
Explosives have a very low vapor pressure and give out very little vapor. The
detector with the highest sensitivity will be the best in detecting vapors of
explosives reliably.
LIGHT WEIGHT-Portable explosive detectors need to be light weight as possible
to
allow users not to fatigue when holding them.
SIZE-Portable explosive detectors need to be as small as far possible to allow
for
sensing of explosives.
COLD START UP TIME AND ANALYSIS TIME-This should be as brief as possible
to
allow for immediate use of the detector in emergencies.
ETD PARTS: SYSTEM COMPONENTS (FRONT VIEW)
Front View 1. Colour LCD Touch Screen 2. Sample Inlet 3. Built-in Printer 4. On/Off Button 5.
PS2 Keyboard Port 6. PS2 Mouse Port 7. USB 2.0 Port
Operator touch screen (Color LCD Touch Screen)
Built-in Printer
Sample inlet
On/off button
Key board and mouse ports
USB port
REAR VIEW
Dust filter
Power socket
Main on/off switch
Green LED power is available
Printer port
RS232 port
SVG port
USB ports
Special I/O ports
Ether net connection
TOP (INTERNAL) VIEW
PCBS analog/CPU
Dual IMS assembly
Inlet/desorber vertical actuator
Reactant chamber
Service panel access door
APS (air purification system)
VARIOUS PARTS OF SAMPLING WAND:
Shaper Sampling Frame Swab Holder
Trigger Locking Clips
Sampling frame with swab
Shaper
Sampling arm and trigger
Pressure sensor light (in development)
Velcro pad
THE THREE PARTS OF SAMPLING WAND IN ION SCAN 500DT AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
Sampling frame – it collects the traces with the help of swab.
Shaper – it shapes the swab so that the traces are properly placed in the inlet.
Locking clips – it locks the swab and do not allow it to fall.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
Specificity: able to distinguish between explosive and non explosive materials
Sensitivity: able to detect minimum quantity of explosive
Selectivity: after detection should able to select the type of explosive
HAZARDS OF ETD:
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
BURN HAZARDS
RADIATION HAZARDS
AN EVD & ETD COMPRISES THREE MAIN COMPONENTS:
1. Sampling System
2. Analytical system
3. Data processing system
SAMPLING SYSTEM
The function of sampling system is to collect a sufficient quantity of explosive
from the
environment and present it for analysis. Vapours are usually collected by drawing
air
through a material to which the vapours stick. This material is then introduced
into the analytical substance. In case of trace detectors, wiping surfaces with a
small piece of cloth usually done searching for particulate tracing. Sometimes a
device similar to a vaccum cleaner may be used to transfer particles to some
sort of filter then to the instrument.
ANALYTICAL SYSTEM
The analysis of the vapour derived from the sample is usually done in two steps.
Vapours
of different types are first separated from one another. This is usually done either
by a
technique called gas chromatography or by ion mobility spectroscopy.
DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
It is the combination of separation and detection that gives system its ability to
discriminate between materials. All of them produce an electrical signal varying
with
time. This signal rises and falls giving a series of peaks. The position of each
peak in time
allows it to be recognized as a particular substance. The height and area of each
peak are
related to the amount of substance present. The identification and measurement
of peak is
carried out automatically by computer software allowing an alarm to be
generated and the
type of explosive to be indicated.
HANDLING PROCEDURE:
Start Up Procedure – Power On:
Plug in the Mains Cable between the Power Sockets.
Switch on the power. Turn the power switch to the ON position, from rear of
equipment.
The green Power-On LED will be turned on, indicating presence of Mains Power to
the equipment.
Press and hold for approximately 5 seconds, the On/Off Push Button, from front of
equipment.
The Ion scan 500DT gets energized begins a self test and warm up. The warm-up
period takes approximately 30 minutes during normal use.
Start Up Procedure –Login:
Press the “Login” soft button to display the Login menu.
Enter the User ID and password on the touch pad screen.
Press the “OK” button on the screen.
Ion scan500DT will be ready for analyses, the status bar displays “Ready” and the
title bar displays “Ready to analyze
Verification Test:
Once the Ion scan500DT is ready, one should do the verification test to ensure that
the machine is not pre contaminated and working satisfactory, procedure is as
follow.
Two times blank analysis with new swab to ensure machine is not pre contaminated
(Result should be No Alarm Detected in green color)
Deposit a small amount of verification standard by verification pen onto the clean
swab and insert into the inlet to ensure machine is giving correct alarm (Result
should be VERIFIED in red color)
Successful verification must be followed by at least two blank analysis with new
swab to remove the contamination (Result should be Clear down Completed)
Shut Down Procedure –Log Out:
Whenever an operator completes his/her operation with the Ionscan500DT, prior to
leaving or shutting down the equipment, he/she should essentially log out of
operation.
Pressing the Logout button from any screen logs the current operator out of the
system.
Users may log out of the system at any time, except when: The machine is actively
analyzing a sample including verification, running a blank or performing background
analysis. A dialog box is present, including a bake out, cancel, confirmation, or alarm
reset. Certain processes are in progress, for example, a clean cycle.
It is not necessary to logout, while shutting down the ion scan 500dt. The system
logs out automatically while under shut down process.
Shut Down Procedure –Switching Off
Press the Menu button to access the Main menu.
From the Main menu, press the System Shutdown button. The System Shutdown
screen appears.
Press the OK button to continue shutting down the system.
A message appears asking whether to back up data before shutdown. Select Yes or
No, as required.
COLLECTION OF SAMPLE:
Take the sample in systematic way e.g., take the sample in one direction
Take the sample from the area of interest
Do not take the sample from wet surface
Take the sample as small as practical
WHICH PART OF BAGGAGE YOU CAN COLLECT SAMPLE:
Zip tabs
Handles
Carrying straps
MAINTENANCE:
NITRATE BAKE OUT:
Total 20 minutes (15minutes (remove nitrate content) +5minutes for cooling
process).this is mainly to clear nitrate content in the IMS tubes.
BAKE OUT:(4 HOURS)
Bake out means completely clears the contamination in the IMS tubes.2 hours to
complete the process and 2 hours to stabilizing the machine.
CLEAN CYCLE:
To clean inlet and desorber
ANVIL CYCLE:
Controls the movement of desorber
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EVD AND ETD
EVD(EXPLOSIVE VAPOUR DETECTOR) ETD(EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTOR)
WORKING PRINCIPLE :gas WORKING PRINCIPLE: ion mobility
chromatography spectro metry
It can detect minimum 5 gms of It can detect minimum 100 ng of
explosive explosive
False alarm rate less than 3% False alarm rate less than 2%
weight of EVD less than 5 kg (AS PER weight of ETD less than 40 kg
NEW CORRIGENDUM 3 DATED ON
13/01/2017)
Sample collection: Air collection for Sample collection: Surface wipe for trace
vapour particle/using filter / vaccum pump unit
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF ETD
ADVANTAGE:
Quick result
Capable of detecting small amount of explosives
Portable
Lesser false Alarms
Auto calibrated
It can detect almost all kind of explosive
DISADVANTAGE:
Expensive and not readily available
Difficult to maintain
Warm up time is very high
Training required for usage
Can’t detect arms, detonators and power source
ACTION SHOULD BE TAKEN IF POSITIVE TRACES OF EXPLOSIVE FOUND
WHILE TESTING DONE AT LEVEL 3
Stop the operation using emergency stop function
Evacuate the immediate area carrying out the EDS result
Inform the supervisor
Supervisor will inform the duty terminal manager,HBS manager and CISF
CISF will cordon off the area in coordination with DTM till the arrival of BDDS
BDDS will carry out their RSP(RENDER SAFE PROCEDURE)
ION SCAN 500 DT ION SCAN 600
Warm up time : Approx. 20-30 NO Warm up time
minutes
Radioactive material Nickel 63 beta No radioactive material used
emitter used
Dual tube single tube
swab maximum 20 to 30 time can use swab single use
to check the sample
Weight (Hand Unit) : Less than 40 kg. Weight is less than ION SCAN 500 DT
(Portable unit)
No battery back up Battery backup to 1 hour(60 min)
NOTE:
REFERANCE:
AVSEC CIRCULAR: 25/2004 Minimum Standards for Civil Aviation Security Equipment
ETD (EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTOR) (APPENDIX K)
AVSEC CIRCULAR: 3/2006 Installation of Explosive Detection System at the airports in
India.
DOC 8973 11.5.13 Screening by explosive trace detection (ETD), 11.8.3 Explosive trace detection
equipment
2.1.5 Recommendation.— Each Contracting State should employ security equipment, where
appropriate, to the extent operationally, technically and financially practicable, to achieve
civil aviation security objectives.(annexure 17)
