ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
ANSWERING TECHNIQUE FOR PAPER 3:
I have explained this answering technique in one of my YouTube video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sD2qFMQUvWc&t=1
Record data All answers must be in the same unit
Observation 1. highest difference
2. lowest difference
how to answer:
MV VALUE, RV VALUE
Inference How to answer:
MV ↓ / ↑ (more, less // high, low)
ORV ↓ / ↑ (more, less // high, low)
Reason
Control variables Variables Method to handle
MV Use different MV which are value/example
RV Measure/observe/count and record RV by
using apparatus
//
ORV Calculate ORV by using formula
CV Fix CV at value by using apparatus
Hypothesis MV ↓ / ↑ , RV ↓ / ↑
OR
(choose one) MV has the highest/lowest ORV compare to other MV
* If MV has value, you can write (the higher/lower the MV, the higher/lower the
RV)
*If MV got no value, write (which MV has the HIGHEST/LOWEST RV compare
to other MV)
Construct a table Answer according to the question given.
Fill in the correct title, unit, data and calculation.
Draw a graph / bar Graph/ bar chart is according to table, so make sure table answer is calculated
chart correctly.
Remember the unit of X and Y axis and also the title.
• A (axis): correct title with unit and uniform scale
• P (point) : transferred correctly
• S (Shape): able to joint all points, smooth graph, bell shape
* if MV no value – bar chart
* if MV got value – graph (join the first point to last point)
Explain the Based on question :
relationship The higher the … the higher the … or
As the … increase, the … increase
Explain answer with biology knowledge
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
Operational Theory,
Definition Which is determined by/shown by RV affected by MV
Prediction WRITE more than or less than the value given in the table
p/s: some school teachers say must write +1 or -1 from the result, means they
need you to write exact value.
And then explain prediction by using biology knowledge
Classify Choices will be given in question, just fill into the table.
Procedure K1: Preparation of materials and apparatus
K2: CV (maintain)
K2: Record initial reading
K5: Precaution (ensure safety / improve accuracy)
K3: RV (measure and record using apparatus) [include formula]
K4: Repeat steps using different MV K2: with the same CV
K5: Repeat experiment to get average readings
K1: Record data in table / tabulate data
* At least 3-4K1
* K2, K3, K4 and K5 at least one
For writing a procedure you can refer to my YouTube video :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LMHkH5koVk&t=76s
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
QUESTION 1
Problem Statement: Which food sample has higher energy value?
Hypothesis: Groundnuts have a higher energy value compared to cashew nuts.
Variables:
Manipulated: Types of food samples
Responding: Energy value of food sample
Fixed: Water mass
Materials: Distilled water, food samples (cashew nuts and groundnuts), cotton wool and plasticine
Apparatus: Retort stand with a clamp, thermometer, boiling tube, long needle, electronic weighing scale,
barrier, measuring cylinder and Bunsen burner
Procedure
1. Weigh a cashew nut using an electronic weighing scale and record its mass.
2. Measure 20 mf of distilled water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a boiling tube.
3. Clamp the boiling tube to the retort stand and put in the thermometer.
4. Fix the position of the thermometer using cotton wool.
5. Record the initial temperature of the distilled water.
6. Stick the cashew nut on the needle and hold the needle upright using plasticine.
7. Place the barrier around the apparatus set-up.
8. Light the cashew nut using a Bunsen burner and place it below the boiling tube.
9. Stir the water in the boiling tube slowly and record its highest temperature after the cashew nut has
completely burned.
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
10. Replace the water in the boiling tube.
11. Repeat steps 1 to 9 using groundnuts.
12. Calculate the energy value for each food sample using the following formula:
13. Record your results in the table below.
Result:
Jisim sampel Suhu awal air Suhu akhir air Kenaikan suhu Nilai tenaga
Sampel
makanan (g) (°C) Initial (°C) Final (°C) Increase of makanan (kJ
makanan Food
Mass of food temperature of temperature of temperature g1) Energy value
sample
sample (g) water (°C) water (°C) (°C) of food (kJ g1)
Kacang gajus 2.0 27 72 45 1.89
Cashew nuts
Kacang tanah 15 27 69 42 2.35
Groundnuts
Discussions:
(a) State the inferences which correspond to the observation on the experiment result.
when groundnut is completely burned.
(b) State three precautions needed when carrying out this experiment.
Make sure that the food samples are completely burned before reading the final temperature.
Make sure that the food samples are put as close as possible to the bottom of the boiling tube.
Make sure that the water in the boiling tube is stirred before recording the final temperature.
(c) Does the mass of the food sample affects the energy value? Explain your answer.
No. The energy value is the amount of energy produced when 1 g of food is completely burned.
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
(d) Based on the result of the experiment, state the operational definition for energy value. [2m]
Energy value is the heat energy released when 1 g of food sample is completely burned.
It is determined by the increase in temperature of water in boiling tube. It is affected by types of food
sample.
(e) Based on this experiment, compare the energy values between the dried fish and groundnut. Explain
your answer. [2m]
The groundnut has a higher energy value than that of the dried fish.
(f) What is the conclusion for this experiment?
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
QUESTION 2
An experiment was carried out to determine the energy value in peanut, cashew nut and dried bread.
Diagram 1 shows the set-up apparatus used in this experiment.
The following steps were carried out:
1 Weigh peanut using an electronic weighing scale and record its mass.
2 Measure 20 ml of distilled water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a boiling tube.
3 Clamp the boiling tube to the retort stand and put in the thermometer.
4 Fix the position of the thermometer using cotton wool.
5 Record the initial temperature (29°C) of the distilled water
6 Stick the peanut on the needle and hold the needle upright using plasticine.
7 Place the barrier around the apparatus set-up.
8 Light the peanut using a Bunsen burner and place it below the boiling tube.
9 Stir the water in the boiling tube slowly and record its highest temperature after the cashew nut has
completely burned.
10 Replace the water in the boiling tube.
11 Repeat steps 1 to 9 using cashew nut and dried bread
12 Calculate the energy value for each food sample using the following formula:
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
Table 1 shows the highest water temperature after each food sample is completely burnt.
Type of food sample Final water temperature after completely burnt / C
Peanut 40.0
Cashew nut 36.5
Dried bread 34.5
(a) In Table 2, list all the apparatus and materials labelled in Diagram 1. [3M]
Materials Apparatus
Food sample Thermometer
Distilled water Boiling tube
Plasticine Shield
Retort stand
Needle
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
(b) Record the water temperature after the food samples are completely burnt in the boxes provided in table
1. [3m]
(c) i. State two different observation made from Table 1. [3m]
Observation 1:
The final water temperature after completely burnt for Peanut is 40°C
Observation 2:
The final water temperature after completely burnt for dried bread is 34.5°C
ii. State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in 1 (c)(i) [3m]
Inference 1:
Peanut has highest energy (value). More heat is absorbs by water
Causing higher increase in the temperature.
Inference 2:
(d) Complete Table 3 based on this experiment.
Variables Method to handle the variable
Manipulated Used different type of food sample/ change the
Type of food sample / peanut, cashew nut and dried peanut to cashew nut and dried bread.
bread.
Responding Measure and record the increase in temperature
Increase in the temperature of water using a thermometer.
// //
Energy value Calculate the energy value using formula
4.2 X water mass x increase in temperature divides
by mass of food sample.
Constant Fixed I the volume of water at 20 ml
Volume of distilled water
//
//
Fixed the initial mass at 0.5 gram
Initial mass of food sample
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
(e) State the hypothesis for this experiment. [3m]
Peanut has the highest energy value I increase in temperature compare to Cashew nut and Dried bread
Peanut has the highest increase in water temperature compare to Cashew nut and Dried bread.
(f) i. Construct a table and record all your data collected in this experiment by including the following
aspects : [3m]
Type of food sample
Initial and final water temperature after completely burnt.
Increase in water temperature.
Energy value
T- Heading in the table are labelled with correct units.
S - All data are correct
D - The Energy value
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
ii. Plot a bar chart graph to shows the energy value against the type of food sample by using the graph paper
given on page 11. [3m]
P - all axis with uniform scale and correct units
T - all point is transferred correctly
B - correct bar graph was plotted / not histogram
iii. Based on the bar chart graph, state the relationship between the energy value and classes of food sample.
Explain. [3m]
(g) This experiment was repeated using soya bean to replace the cashew nut.
Predict the increase in water temperature and energy value that will be obtained. [3m]
Correction from video:
Pl - water temperature increase less than 7.5°C
P2 - Energy value is less than 1260Jg-1
P3 - because soya bean is protein classes of food // water absorbs less heat.
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
(h) Based on the result of this experiment, deduce operationally about energy value. [3m]
DI - Amount of heat energy produced by food sample/ peanut when burnt.
D2- Heat is absorbs by water
D3- which increase the water temperature by 11°C. ’
D4- which produced 1848 Jg'1 energy //any sample of cashew nut or dried bread.
D5- Energy value is affected by type of food sample.
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
ANSWER
QUESTION 1
Problem Statement: Which food sample has higher energy value?
Hypothesis: Groundnuts have a higher energy value compared to cashew nuts.
Variables:
Manipulated: Types of food samples
Responding: Energy value of food sample
Fixed: Water mass
Materials: Distilled water, food samples (cashew nuts and groundnuts), cotton wool and plasticine
Apparatus: Retort stand with a clamp, thermometer, boiling tube, long needle, electronic weighing scale,
barrier, measuring cylinder and Bunsen burner
Procedure
1. Weigh a cashew nut using an electronic weighing scale and record its mass.
2. Measure 20 mf of distilled water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a boiling tube.
3. Clamp the boiling tube to the retort stand and put in the thermometer.
4. Fix the position of the thermometer using cotton wool.
5. Record the initial temperature of the distilled water.
6. Stick the cashew nut on the needle and hold the needle upright using plasticine.
7. Place the barrier around the apparatus set-up.
8. Light the cashew nut using a Bunsen burner and place it below the boiling tube.
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
9. Stir the water in the boiling tube slowly and record its highest temperature after the cashew nut has
completely burned.
10. Replace the water in the boiling tube.
11. Repeat steps 1 to 9 using groundnuts.
12. Calculate the energy value for each food sample using the following formula:
13. Record your results in the table below.
Result:
Jisim sampel Suhu awal air Suhu akhir air Kenaikan suhu Nilai tenaga
Sampel
makanan (g) (°C) Initial (°C) Final (°C) Increase of makanan (kJ
makanan Food
Mass of food temperature of temperature of temperature g1) Energy value
sample
sample (g) water (°C) water (°C) (°C) of food (kJ g1)
Kacang gajus 2.0 27 72 45 1.89
Cashew nuts
Kacang tanah 15 27 69 42 2.35
Groundnuts
Discussions:
(g) State the inferences which correspond to the observation on the experiment result.
Groundnut contains more energy value than cashew nut because more heat is released when groundnut is
completely burned.
(h) State three precautions needed when carrying out this experiment.
Make sure that the food samples are completely burned before reading the final temperature.
Make sure that the food samples are put as close as possible to the bottom of the boiling tube.
Make sure that the water in the boiling tube is stirred before recording the final temperature.
(i) Does the mass of the food sample affects the energy value? Explain your answer.
No. The energy value is the amount of energy produced when 1 g of food is completely burned.
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
(j) Based on the result of the experiment, state the operational definition for energy value. [2m]
Energy value is the heat energy released when 1 g of food sample is completely burned.
It is determined by the increase in temperature of water in boiling tube. It is affected by types of food
sample.
(k) Based on this experiment, compare the energy values between the dried fish and groundnut. Explain
your answer. [2m]
The groundnut has a higher energy value than that of the dried fish.
This is because the burning of the groundnut results in a higher increase in temperature compared to the
burning of the dried fish.
It produces a bigger flame when burnt.
(l) What is the conclusion for this experiment?
Groundnuts have a higher energy value compared to cashew nuts. The hypothesis is accepted.
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
QUESTION 2
An experiment was carried out to determine the energy value in peanut, cashew nut and dried bread.
Diagram 1 shows the set-up apparatus used in this experiment.
The following steps were carried out:
1 Weigh peanut using an electronic weighing scale and record its mass.
2 Measure 20 ml of distilled water using a measuring cylinder and pour it into a boiling tube.
3 Clamp the boiling tube to the retort stand and put in the thermometer.
4 Fix the position of the thermometer using cotton wool.
5 Record the initial temperature (29°C) of the distilled water
6 Stick the peanut on the needle and hold the needle upright using plasticine.
7 Place the barrier around the apparatus set-up.
8 Light the peanut using a Bunsen burner and place it below the boiling tube.
9 Stir the water in the boiling tube slowly and record its highest temperature after the cashew nut has
completely burned.
10 Replace the water in the boiling tube.
11 Repeat steps 1 to 9 using cashew nut and dried bread
12 Calculate the energy value for each food sample using the following formula:
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
Table 1 shows the highest water temperature after each food sample is completely burnt.
Type of food sample Final water temperature after completely burnt / C
Peanut 40.0
Cashew nut 36.5
Dried bread 34.5
(a) In Table 2, list all the apparatus and materials labelled in Diagram 1. [3M]
Materials Apparatus
Food sample Thermometer
Distilled water Boiling tube
Plasticine Shield
Retort stand
Needle
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
(b) Record the water temperature after the food samples are completely burnt in the boxes provided in table
1. [3m]
(c) i. State two different observation made from Table 1. [3m]
Observation 1:
The final water temperature after completely burnt for Peanut is 40°C
Observation 2:
The final water temperature after completely burnt for dried bread is 34.5°C
ii. State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in 1 (c)(i) [3m]
Inference 1:
Peanut has highest energy (value). More heat is absorbs by water
Causing higher increase in the temperature.
Inference 2:
Dried bread has low energy (value) Less heat is absorbs by water.
Causing lower increase in the temperature.
(d) Complete Table 3 based on this experiment.
Variables Method to handle the variable
Manipulated Used different type of food sample/ change the
Type of food sample / peanut, cashew nut and dried peanut to cashew nut and dried bread.
bread.
Responding Measure and record the increase in temperature
Increase in the temperature of water using a thermometer.
// //
Energy value Calculate the energy value using formula
4.2 X water mass x increase in temperature divides
by mass of food sample.
Constant Fixed I the volume of water at 20 ml
Volume of distilled water
//
//
Fixed the initial mass at 0.5 gram
Initial mass of food sample
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
(e) State the hypothesis for this experiment. [3m]
Peanut has the highest energy value I increase in temperature compare to Cashew nut and Dried bread
Peanut has the highest increase in water temperature compare to Cashew nut and Dried bread.
(f) i. Construct a table and record all your data collected in this experiment by including the following
aspects : [3m]
Type of food sample
Initial and final water temperature after completely burnt.
Increase in water temperature.
Energy value
T- Heading in the table are labelled with correct units.
S - All data are correct
D - The Energy value
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
ii. Plot a bar chart graph to shows the energy value against the type of food sample by using the graph paper
given on page 11. [3m]
P - all axis with uniform scale and correct units
T - all point is transferred correctly
B - correct bar graph was plotted / not histogram
iii. Based on the bar chart graph, state the relationship between the energy value and classes of food sample.
Explain. [3m]
El - Peanut has the highest energy value compare to cashew nut and dried bread.
E2- peanut is protein / lipid classes of food
E3- More heat energy absorbs by water
(g) This experiment was repeated using soya bean to replace the cashew nut.
Predict the increase in water temperature and energy value that will be obtained. [3m]
Correction from video:
Pl - water temperature increase less than 7.5°C
P2 - Energy value is less than 1260Jg-1
P3 - because soya bean is protein classes of food // water absorbs less heat.
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ENERGY VALUE – PAPER 3 2023
(h) Based on the result of this experiment, deduce operationally about energy value. [3m]
DI - Amount of heat energy produced by food sample/ peanut when burnt.
D2- Heat is absorbs by water
D3- which increase the water temperature by 11°C. ’
D4- which produced 1848 Jg'1 energy //any sample of cashew nut or dried bread.
D5- Energy value is affected by type of food sample.
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