rer NY Unit See eect Mee Mc ntcl Ee Tuc De oer) OS ener a eu ae es CL Sc a Ce eee uy study the differences between certain types of computer, Oe ent ces Oe Ce ice ag eo Oe aera er on) Se Met) ene te nese Seem ne ane rS Oe CR en cee eee encea Unit na digi 1 The digital age ‘A Match the captions (1-4) with the pictures (a-d). 1 puters can make all the difference 2 ATM, 3 inet in your pocket 4 B Oo How are computers used in the situations above? In pairs, discuss your ideas. C Read the text and check your answers toB. BUCK Tis et Cy We are now living in what some people call he lage, meaning that computers have bec an essential part of our lives. Young people who have grown up with PCs and mobile phones are ‘communicate with other students around the world. 10 Teachers use projectors and active whiteboards —Togive presentations and teach sciences, history or language courses. PCs are also used for administrative 5 often called the digital generation. Computers help purposes ~ schools use word processors to write __students to perform mathematical operations letters, and databases to keep records of students and improve their maths skills They are used to 15 and teachers, A school website allows teachers to access the Internet, to do basic research and to publish exercises for students to complete online. ancc | | oe en enter a our-dig personal Identifcation number eee ea PIN) hesame number ued acs th Sane ce Fenn lent a cosy fa) ld ancraneter in \ks, Computers store information about th: ontrol towers, computers are used | We A lla sda systems and vegulate ait af. O | 30 transactions at high speed. They also cont by cor ie uuters to find cashpoints, c Mis (automatic teller machine ee — ices, tim n dispense money to customers by the use CORNER BT Ter D When you read text, you will often see a new word that you don’t recognize. If you can identify what type of word it is (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) it can help you guess the meaning. Find the words (1-10) in the text above. Can you guess the meaning from context? Are they nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs? Write n, v, adj or adv next to each word. 1 5 2 7 3 ine 8 financial (ine 4 dovnload tine 1 9 6 0 b execute, d hh describes information tha 4 © monetat deast using compute d. screen i program used for text manipul integrated J. copyfiles from a sen ur PC oF mn € connected to the Intemet 7 cuss these questions. OO impairs, Jow are/were 15 used in your schox 2 How do you think computers will be used in school in the fut2 Language work: Pert collocations 1 A Look at the HELP box and then match the verbs (1-5) with the nouns (a-e) to make collocations from the text on pages 2-3 1 give a money 2 keep b apn 3B access © databases 4 emter presentations 5 transfer e records B Use collocations from A and the HELP box to complete these sentences. 1 Thanks to WEF; it’s now easy 10 from cafés, hotels, parks and many ‘other public places. 2. Online banking lets you between your accounts easily and securely 3. Skype isa technology that enables users to over the Internet for fee. 4 Inmany universities, students are encouraged to Using PowerPoint in order to make their talks more visually attractive, 5. The Web has revolutionized the way people with sites such as Google and Wikipedia, you can find the information you need in seconds. 6 Cookiesallow a website to ‘on auser’s machine and later retrieve it; ‘when you visit the website again it remembers your preferences, 7 With the latest mobile phones, you can with multimedia attachments ~ pictures, audio, even video 3 Computers at work 8B Listen to four people talking about how they use computers at work. Write each speaker's job in the table. electrical engineer secretary —_ibrarian composer Speaker | Job ‘What they use computers for 1 2 3 4 B [BS Listen again and write what each speaker uses th4 The magic of computers A You are going to read a text about some of the other things that computers are used for. Five sentences have been removed from the text. Choose which sentence (1-5) fits which gap in the text (a-e). 2. wevisitshops and o ch have been designed withthe help of computers 3. you can even use your PC to relax with computer games 4 mple calculators, the cars electronic ignition, the timer in t sve, or the programmer inside the VCR 5 as does making a fight reservation orb he magic of computers nputers and microchips have become par cof doing anything you ask. (d) tis an electron lives: (a) “omputers; just pickir pay bills prepared b; filing cabin and diallinga data, such as customerslists tt ‘ument - letters, mer documents; itis a personal communicat COUN, OF invento : 1 legal that enables ster, (b print any kind of d involves the use of a sophisticated computer _itis a magical typewit ery day we encounter computers that spring to life the ey are switched on, () all of which nn around the world fyou lik electronic entertainment, €) achtimeyoutuniton.itisa blankslte Gabularaso) Nowadays Ris almostimpossible to magine fe without rat, with appropriate hardware and software, capable the magic of compu B Read the text again and answer these questions. 1 Apart fiom computers, what other device icrochips nich two components allow computer systems to operat5 Other applications A ©) in smal groups, choose one of the areas in the diagram below and discuss what you can do with computers in that area. Look at the Useful language box below to help you. Formula 1 cars: design and build the car, tes virtual models, control electronic components, ‘monitor engine peed store (vita) information, display data, analyse and communicate dato Entertainment: download music, burn CDs, play games, take photos, edit photos, make video clips, watch movies on a DVD player, watch TVon the computer, listen to MP3s, listen to the radio. via the Web Factories and industrial processes: design products, do calculations, control industrialrobots, control assembly lines, Keep record of stocks (materials and equipment) ‘School/University: access the Internet, enrol online, search the Web, prepare exams, write documents, complete exercises online, do research, prepare presentations Computers are used to... ‘APC can also be used for... People use computers to. B [ES Writea short presentation summarizing your discussion. Then ask one Person from your group to give a summary of the group’ of the class.B Inpairs, label the elements of this computer system. Ee ! | 1 Computer hardware | 8 Ey inpairs,aiscuss these questions. | 1 Have you gots computer a homeschool or work? What kinds? 2. How often do you use t? Wha | if as ieahad casas ees | © Read these adver ing slogans and say which computer element each pair | refers to. Point and click Displays your ideas Fs quiet aed et Powerand speed { here for power cay Mith perfect britiance | ‘on the inside SPosevery impulse) see the difference - sharp sea ag |) Ustyourcompaers as fit were an ext images and a fantastic back up your data brain do the wo © efyourhend ranger colours 5) beforeits too tate | (6) { a big impact on the Just what you need (a) Production of text and graphics | (js) 8 aser powerhouse D Find words in the slogans with the following meanings. 1. to press the mouse button 2. clear; easy to see 3. to make an extra copy of something 4 selection2 What is a computer? ‘A Read the text and then explain Fig. 1 in your own words. (ities ‘A.computeris an electronic machine which can accept data in a certain form, process the data, and give the results of the processing in a specified format as, information. First, datais fed into the computer's memory. Then, \when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form (see Fig. 1 below. ‘A computer system consists of two parts: hardware and software. Hardware is any electronic or mechanical part you can see or touch. Software isa set of instructions, called a program, which tel the computer what to do. There are three basic hardware sections: the central processing unit (CPU), main memory and peripherals. Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit. Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units. In a way, itis the brain of the computer. The main memory (a collection of RAM chips) holds the instructions and data which are being processed by the CPU, Peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/ Storage devices (hard drives, DVD drives or lash drives) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs Disk drives are used to read and write data on disks. Input devices enable data to go into the computer's ‘memory. The most common input devices are the ‘mouse and the keyboard. Output devices enable Us to extract the finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer. On the rear panel of the computer there are several Ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals a modem, a digital camera, a scanner, etc They allow communication between the computer and the devices. Modern desktop PCs have USB ports and ‘memory card readers on the front panel a. Income (eg.sales, stocks, interest) USB pot AUS connector output devices. road ie . Input Processsing output Dataiscollectedand entered Data is manipulted The resus are shown on the monitor o It tapi orm storage fl and programs ae held on disk Expenses Balance a eon E services, | publicity)| | en |B Match these words from the text (1-9) with the correct meanings (a: | 1 ; a the brain of the computer | 2 peripheral physical parts that make up a cor ste ] 3 main mem programs which can t 1 a i} 4. hard dive (also known as H puter syst 5 hardware d__ the information which is presented to the computer 6 inp e z y a compu 7 por input and output devices connected to the CPU 8 output 9 section that jograms and data while they are 9 central pr nit (CPU) executed orp J | magnetic device used to sto pation | 1 sockets into which an external device may be | Different types of computer 2 BES tisten to an extract from an ICT class. As you listen, label the pictures (a-e) with words from the box. = lesktop PDI mainframe ~ 3 4 d 8 BES Listen again and decide whether these sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones. 1. Amainframe computer is less powerful than a Amainframe is us ge organizations that need to enormous amounts of data 10st suitable computers for home use are able ‘ot as powerful as desk 2 3 4 5 6 7 8feet 4 Language work: classifying A Look at the HELP box and then use suitable classifying expressions to complete these sentences. 1 Acomputer hardware and software. 2. Peripherals three ‘ypes:input, output and storage devices. 3. Aword processing program software which lets the user create and eait text. 4 of network architecture: peer-to-peer, where all computers have the same capabilities, and client-server (eg, the Internet), where servers store and distribute data, and clients access tis data 8 ED inpairs, describe this diagram, using classifying expressions from the HELP box. Make reference to your own devices. Input devices Storage media + mouse + monitor + magnetic, + keyboard + printer eg. hard drive + camera + optical, eg. DVD + Flash memory, 9. pen drive 5 Benefits of laptops and tablet PCs Your school is considering buying tablet PCs to use in the classroom. Write an email to your teacher explaining the benefits for the students and the school. or Your company is considering replacing all of the office PCs with laptops. Write an email to your boss explaining the benefits for the employees and the company.Technical specifications A Read the advertisement and translate the technical specifications into your ‘own language. Intel Core 2 Duo processor at 2.4GHz i | | Doo Bey te eA | ° © 2048 RAM, expandable ro 4GB (© 500GB hard drive ° B In pairs, answer these questions. If necessary, look at the Glossary. 2 wh ; 3. Whatd and What is inside a PC system? A Read the text on page 12 and then answer these questions. 1 are the main parts of 2 3 4 5 What type of memory ist 6 What type of memory is pen én instructions needed by the CPU? 7. How can RAM be in 8 What terms used to refer to the main printed circuit boar 9 What isa bus? 0 10. Whats the benefit of having expansion sk B Look at these extracts from the text. What do the words in bold refer to? 1. This is builtintoa sing ine 2) 2... which ex« structions and coordinates... (line 3) 3... thatis being ex 4... performa is partly determined by the speed of Its processor. (line 25) 5... the CP he hat line 35) 6. inside the om ith each other. (ine 52What is inside a PC system? Processing The nerve centre ofa PCis the processor, also called the CPU, or central processing unit This is built into a single chip which executes program instructions and coordinates the activites that tak place within the computer system. The chip itself isa small piece of slicon with a complex electrical circuit called an integrated circuit ‘The processor consists of three main parts: = The control unit examines the instructions in the user’ program, interprets each instruction andl causes the circuits and the rest ofthe components - monitor, disk drives, etc. — to execute the functions specified ‘The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) pesforms mathematical calculations (+, -etc) and logical ‘operations (AND, OR, NOT) ‘The registers are high-speed units of memory used to store and control data. One of the registers (the program counter, or PC) keeps track of the next instruction to be performed in the main memory. The other (the instruction register, (or IR) holds the instruction that is being executed (Gee ig, on page 13) ‘The power and performance of a computers partly determined by the speed of its processor. A system clock sends out signals at fixed intervals to measure and synchronize the flow of data. Clock speed is ‘measured in gigahertz (GHz), For example, a CPU running at 4GHz (four thousand milion hertz, or ‘oxcles, per second) will enable your PC to handle the most demanding applications. The ntelCore2 Duo processor other chip ‘manufacturers «are AMD and Motorola RAM and ROM The programs and data which pass through the processor must be loaded into the main memory in order to be processed. Therefore, when the user runs ‘a program, the CPU looks for it on the hard disk and transfers a copy into the RAM chips, RAM (random access memory) s volatile that is its information is lost when the computer is turned off, However, ROM (read only memory) is non-volatile, containing 40 instructions and routines for the basic operations ‘ofthe CPU. The BIOS (basic input/output system) uses ROM to contiol communication with peripherals. RAM capacity can be expanded by adding extra chips, usually contained in smal circuit boards called dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs). Buses and cards The main circuit board inside your system is called the motherboard and contains the processor, the memory chips, expansions slots, and controllers, for peripherals, connected by buses ~ electrical ‘channels which allow devices inside the computer to ‘communicate with each other. For example, the front side bus carries all data that passes from the CPU to other devices, The size of a bus, called bus width, determines how much data can be transmitted. It can be compared to the number of lanes on a motorway ~ the larger the width, the more data can travel along the bus. For ‘example, a 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data, Expansion slots allow users to install expansion ‘ards, adding features lke sound, memory and network capabilities,Language work: far defining relative clauses Defining relative clauses We can define people or things with a Look at the HELP box and then complete in ictive) relative clause. W the sentences below with suitable relative ; who pronouns. Give alternative options if toa person; we can also use that. possible. Put brackets round the relative 7 rh | pronouns you can leave out. person who/that 2 i @ We use the relative pronoun which (or b ip which/that ri hecira 5 Relative pronouns can be left 6 Last night | met som 1 board (which/that)How memory is measured A Read the text and then answer these questions. 1 How many digits does a binary system use? Whatis a bit? What does ASCII stand for? What is the purpose of ASCII. wawn EE bad Computers do all calculations using a code made of just two numbers ~ 0 and 1. This system is called binary ‘code. The electronic circuits in a digital computer detect the difference between two states: ON (the Ccurtent passes through) or OFF (the current doesn't pass through) and represent these states as or 0. Each 1 or 0 is called a binary digit, or bit. Bits are grouped into eight-digit codes that typically represent characters (letters, numbers and symbols) Eight its together ae called a byte. Thus, each character on a keyboard has its own arrangement of eight bits. For ‘example, 01000001 forthe letter A, 01000010 for 8, and (01000011 for c One bit Example ofa byte Unit of memory Binary digit bib Byte 8 Klobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte B Complete these descri 1A ‘magazines ina huge library. Abbreviation What is a collection of eight bits called? Computers use a standard code for the binary representation of characters. This isthe American Standard Code for Information interchange, or ASCII ~ pronounced /eski/. In order to avoid complex calculations of bytes, we use bigger units such as kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes, We use these units to describe the RAM memory, the storage capacity of disks and the size of a program or document, Note: bit is pronounced /b: byte is pronounced /bail/ Cane Exact memory amount Tor Bits 1,024 bytes (2) 1,024 KB, or 1,048,576 bytes (2°) 1,024 MB, or 1,073,741 824 bytes (2 1,024 GB, or 1/099,511/627,776 bytes (2) ions with the correct unit of memory. is about one tillon bytes ~ about as much text a the books and 2A is about one million bytes ~ about as much text as a 300-page novel 3A is about one thousand bytes - equivalent to one sheet of Ad, aa is about one billion bytes ~ about as much text as 1,000 books, 5A can store a single character, such as the letter h or number 7,5 apc system A. Complete this diagram of a PC system. Look at Units 1, 2and 3 to help you. Programs, parca a graphics packag} lecronicequipment B Inpairs, compare your answers. © BEY Listen to.a teacher explaining the diagram to her class and check your answers. 6 Your ideal computer system A. Make notes about the features of the computer that you would most ke to have. Think about the features in the box. pa si Sa imum RAM | Speed Optical disc drives Wireless connectivity Minimurn/m: nd card memory slots Hard disk Software | = 8 ED inpairs, describe yours for your choices. jeal computer system. Give reasons its got very fast. uns at. The standard RAM memory Is ... and it’s expan The hard dlskcan hold... ss ‘Ineeda large flat LCD screen because... Asforthelntemet.. 'unit4 |Buying a computer 7 ina computer shop A Dl imagine you areina computer shop. Choose five things that would improve your digi In pairs, compare your choices. 8 ) vou want to buy a computer. Think of three basic features that will make a big difference to your choice. In pairs, compare your choices. C [Bi Listen to two people making enquiries in a computer shop. Do they buy anything? D BBS Listen again and complete the product descriptions. iMac ls Bas Processor speed 233GH2 Et Gals RAM Ve WoL: Hard drive capacity DVD drive included? Yes Operating system Includes internet software MacBook Processor speed RAM Hard drive capacity DVD drive included? Operating system Includes internet software Price £1,029& Assistant: Do you need any ( isten again and complete the e» Paul: s,were k ora Assistant: Ys, sure. Paul: hat different (2) Assistant: At the m Sue: Assistant: Well th Language functions in a computer shop xtract from the conversation. rors Language functions useful toa sales assistant © Greeting and offering help Look at the language functions in the HELP box and then correct one mistake in each of these sentences. Decide which functions are being expressed in each sentence. 1 The Ulysses SDis a power, expandable Good morning. Do you need any help? The MacBook has a processor running at 2.0 gigahertz. The iMac has two gigabytes of RAM. They feature a camera built into the display. Both computers are very fast and reliable. The MacBook is more practical if you travel a lot. PDAs are cheaper than laptops but laptops are more powerful, Language functions useful toa customer # Explaining We're looking for a personal computer. Have ‘you got any fairly basic ones? Asking for techni What's the storage capacity of the hard drive? Do they have a DVD drive? © Asking the pric How much do they cost? How much isit?3 Role play - buying a computer [2 Work in pairs. one of you wants to buy a computer, the other is the shop assistant, Use the prompts and product descriptions below to role play the conversation. Shop assistant Greet the customer and offer help. Customer Explain what you are looking for Show the customer two possible models, Ask for some technical specs. Give technical specs (describe the processor, RAM and storage capacity). Compare the two different models, ‘Ask about any further technical specs (DVD drive, monitor, communications, et). Give the information required. Compare the two models ‘Ask the price ‘Answer, and mention any final details that might persuade the customer to buy the computer Toshiba Satell 20GHz Core 2 Duo processor 2GB RAM expandable to 4GB {60GB hard dive Super Muti cre (double layer) 154" wide XGA dspay Wireless LAN WF compiiangy £1,099 t 4 Choosing the right computer Decide which computer to buy or leave the shop. Dell desktop PC } fa aia a {ep raMcrpasible 048 dooce hud ave Evatiaa ane 1D mentor £680 4 } Palm TX handheld ne 312 AR ed pr 128 M8 Fas meno (ono) Stoner for nenary cat 220.00 Tr tucson Witt and Blatoos Lithiomon Baten £216 A. BBD Listen to four people talking about their computer needs and take notes. In pairs, read the descriptions from the computer shop website and choose the ‘most suitable computer for each person. Give reasons for your choices. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 ‘Sun workstation 23,249 Two AMD Opteron processors at 3.0GHz 4GB RAM: 32GB maximum 1 terabyte hard drive and dual DVD drive 19° Sun TFT flat-panel LCD. ‘Supports several graphics formats Allows you to handile your toughest technical scientific, and business-critcal applications Supports Solaris, Windows and LinuxGateway Exe siylus pe (024MB DDR2 SDRAM serial ATA hard drive {OM drive (optical DVD burner madem and Blustod Windows Vista Home Premium Thin and lightweight (1.17", 2.4 kg) £805 Sony Vaio AR laptop (VGN-ARS1E) lel Core 2 Duo Processor at 2GH7 Dell Inspiron 531 desktop PC [AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual cessor 256MB NVIDIA GeForce 8600GT video card cd Dri 1 Channel High Definition A\ ndows Media Center, 4 a Blu-ray dise drive for Gee meeume mony ci 8 [)) Look at the notes you made about your ideal computer system in Unit 3 task 6 (page 15). What did you want? Look again at the descriptions of the computers above and choose the one that is closest to your ideal. In pairs, discuss your choices. >s Vocabulary tree Designing word trees and spidergrams can help you build up your own mental ‘maps’ of vocabulary areas. Look at the list of terms in the box and put each one in an appropriate place on the word tree below. The first one has been done for you. processor ROM —expandablememory ALU—-DIMMs harddrive RAM —computerbrain byte + DVD_—_systemclock keyboard mouse gigahertz printer___megabyte webcam registers 2 2 & oy Xp. wD 2 x (elnleicrg 6 Recommending a computer [ a friend has asked you to recommend a computer that suits his needs. He needs to be able to access the Internet, play games and work with graphics, music and video files. Write an email describing its technical features and saying why you recommend it. IB Now visit www.cambridge.org/elt/ict for an online task.