SNC2D0R BIOLOGY UNIT REVIEW -TISSUES, ORGANS,ORGAN SYSTEM

Part I: Digestive System, Respiratory System and Heart/Circulatory System Review

1. Name the human organ system that provides each of the following functions:
digestive system, circulatory system, muscular system, skeletal
system, nervous system, integumentary system, immune system,
reproductive system, excretory system, respiratory system, endocrine system

Immune system-defends against infection

Muscular system-supports, protects and helps in movement
Reproductive system
-allows for offspring to be produced
-allows body to detect and respond to changes in environment
-creates a waterproof barrier to protect body
-works with bones to provide movement
-removes liquid wastes from body
-allows for exchange of gases
-takes in food and breaks it down
-manufactures and releases hormones
-transports blood, nutrients, gases and wastes around body

Digestive System Review

2. Describe two types of digestion that occur in our bodies:
Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion

3. List the organs in the digestive system in the correct order from the beginning to end of digestion:

rectum stomach large intestine esophagus mouth small intestine anus

4. Label the missing parts on the diagram:.

5. Name a specialized cell found in the digestive system and outline its function.

Respiratory System Review

6. a) Label the indicated structures on the diagram using the terms below.
bronchu

bronchio

le

trachea

diaphrag

m alveoli

larynx

b) i) Which structure moves down when air is inhaled?

ii) The trachea branches into two smaller airways leading into each lung. These airways are called:

iii) What is the function of the epiglottis, the small flap of tissue at the entrance to the trachea?

7. The tiny air sacs in the lungs are called ALVEOLI. These small, grape-like structures are surrounded by a network of small
blood vessels called capillaries. Label the diagram (numbers 1-4 below) to show the process of gas exchange in the alveoli.
Labels: O2 gas diffusing into the blood stream
Air to be exhaled
CO2 gas diffusing from blood stream into alveoli
Inhaled air

1.
2.
3.
4.

Circulatory System Review

8. Outline the four components of blood:

9. The diagram below shows the TWO circulation pathways from the heart:

i) Identify which side of the heart carries oxygenated blood and which side carries deoxygenated blood.

Right side of heart: blood Left side of heart: blood

10. Label the terms artery, vein, and capillary on the diagram below:
LUNGS

11. Of the blood vessels studied in class, which vessel (arteries/veins/capillaries) have the thickest wall? Why? (Hint:
relate structure to function!)

12. Describe four tissue types found in the heart.

Nervous System Review

13. List the components of the central nervous system vs. the peripheral nervous system.

14. How is the nervous system protected in the human body?

15. Mr. Wang and Ms. Skiba were driving along Mayfield Road. They see a raccoon run onto the road and they slam on
the car brakes. Briefly explain what parts of the nervous system (peripheral and central) were activated, and how the
brain communicated with the rest of the body to explain how to react to this situation. (*tough question!)
Cell Organelles Review

16. a) What type of cell is shown below? (animal or plant) Give a reason:

b) Label the structures shown in the diagram.

c) Name the structures in a cell which perform the following functions:

site of photosynthesis: repackages proteins:
digests worn out parts : transport channels:
controls substances entering/leaving produces proteins :
jelly-like matrix: stores water, food wastes :
supports and protects plant cells:
produces energy for the cell:

17.a) What important steps happen during the interphase stage of the cell cycle?

b)Label the four stages of mitosis indicated

in the onion root tip microscope
diagram.

c) What process happens after the final stage of mitosis?

18. Match the terms on the left with the definitions on the right.
peristalsis a. Tiny vessels that link arteries and veins where exchange of materials occurs.
mitochondria b. The process by which plants produce sugar and O2 gas from CO2 gas and water.
capillary c. Tiny finger-like projections in the small intestine that help in absorption of nutrients.
alveoli d. A group of specialized cells with similar structure and function.
embryonic stem cell e. chromosomes in an uncondensed state, seen in interphase
veins f. the break-down of food using chemicals, such as HCl in the stomach.
chemical digestion g. Vessels in the body that carry blood back to the heart.
metastasis h. Organelle containing many inner folds – increases the SA for its function
photosynthesis i. The muscular contractions in the digestive system that propel food along.
tissue j. A cell from an early stage human embryo which can develop into any kind of cell.
villi k. Tiny sac-like structures in the lung where gas exchange occurs.
chromatin l. the spreading of cancer from one area of the body to another

19. List THREE types of specialized cells or tissues found in animals and describe their function.
e.g. BONE tissue- provides support, protection and helps in body movement.
20. Outline the stages of the cell cycle (interphase  mitosis  cytokinesis).

21. If a cell contains 6 chromosomes, draw:

a) what late-prophase and anaphase would look like.

b) label the following terms on your sketch: centromere, chromatid, chromosome, spindle fibres, centriole, sister
chromatids.

Plants: Meristem Cells & Plant Systems

22. Explain why grass grows back when it is cut.

23. The Root and Shoot Systems of a plant can be compared to the Circulatory, Respiratory, and Digestive Systems of
an animal. Briefly discuss:

24. Identify & explain how carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight enter a leaf. Use the cross section diagram to help you.
25. Why are leaves which are thin and wide ideal for light absorption? Relate structure to function.

Suggested Discussion/Application Questions

26. Discuss the level of biological organization in complex organisms. Include the following terms. Give an example for each
level of organization in your discussion. organ, cell, tissue, organ system, organism.
27. Describe TWO potential benefits of embryonic stem cells and explain why they are controversial.
28. Compare and contrast between two specialized single-celled organisms you studied in class (the amoeba vs.
the paramecium). How does their structure help them function?
29. What is cancer? How does a primary tumor spread? What are two causes of cancer, and how can cancer be treated?
30. Explain the process of Cloning (hint: recap your web app on Mimi the mouse). In the web-app, 3 organisms were used
in the cloning process. What is the minimum required number of organisms needed for cloning? Explain. (*tough
question!)
31. Why is there a limit to cell size? Why can’t cells just continue to grow larger and larger?