Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr.

Ali Tahri 2017/2018

4thYearSecondary

Ali
Tahri

UNIT FOUR
LIFE ISSUES

2017/2018

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Unit 4/ Life Issues: HEALTHY DIET

1. Key words
 Diet is the sum of food consumed by a person. The usual food and drink of a person
 Balanced diet: a diet that contains adequate amounts of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and
activity.
 Go on a diet:trying to lose weight by eating less food or specific foods.
 Food nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and mineral salts.

2. Food Nutrients
GROUP FOOD BENEFITS
Carbohydrates bread, rice and milk To give you the energy you need to move and grow
Proteins meat, fish, eggs, milk, and The proper functioning of an organism.
vegetables. The growth and repair of tissue
Fats tissue of animals, oil, butter A reserve source of energy
Vitamins different natural things such as raw For normal growth and activity of the body.
fruit to keep you healthy
Minerals cheese, juice, spinach, beans, Essential for the normal growth and development of
broccoli, almonds. teeth, bones, muscles and nerves.
3. Proverbs on diet
 Your stomach shouldn't be a waste basket.
 One should eat to live, not live to eat. ~Cicero
 To lengthen your life, shorten your meals. ~Proverb
 If you wish to grow thinner, diminish your dinner. ~H.S. Leigh
 An apple a day keeps the doctor away

4. Essay- How to keep a healthy diet?

a. Introduction: the necessity of keeping healthy through different ways (e.g following a balanced diet)
b. Details: * what should we eat? (necessary nutrients + examples) * why should we eat them? (benefits of each
nutrient) * what may happen with too much or too little of these nutrients (warning of health problems: obesity,
inappropriate growth, tiredness and several other incurable diseases)
c. Conclusion: personal view point / wish

5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words / put the bracketed words in the right tense or form/ choose
the correct alternative (TO GET A COHERENT ESSAY)

Don't expect to remain healthy if you do not have a (1) ___________ diet. You cannot eat (2) (whichever /
whatever/ wherever) you like and stay in good health.
Firstly, you must eat the right things (contain) (3) ___________ the necessary food substances such as
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, (4) ___________ and mineral salts. So, you should eat bread, rice and fruits and drink milk
(5) (for/ to/ from) carbohydrates. Proteins (find) (6) ___________ in meat, fish and eggs; but vitamins are available
mainly in (7) ___________ fruit and vegetables.
Secondly, you should know why you eat these things. Carbohydrates, for example, give you the (8) ___________
you need to move and grow. Proteins are essential for (grow) (9) ___________ and repair. Vitamins are required to (10)
(remain/ keep/ give) you healthy. Minerals like Calcium and Iron are essential for teeth, bones, muscles and nerves.
Yet, you should know that too much or too little of (this) (11) ___________ substances may lead to various health
problems such as obesity, inappropriate growth, tiredness and several other incurable diseases. That’s why, you are
highly (12) ___________ to eat the right amounts of each kind of food.
I hope that you find my tips useful and (fruit) (13) ___________. Never forget the proverbs which say that “Your
stomach shouldn't be a waste basket” and that “an apple a day keeps the doctor away.”

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Smoking

1. Key words

• Cigarette: A small roll of finely cut tobacco or other substance like marijuana for smoking, enclosed in a wrapper
of thin paper.

• Tobacco: Any of various plants of the genus Nicotiana, especially N. tabacum, native to tropical America and
widely cultivated for their leaves, which are used primarily for smoking.

• Nicotine: A colourless, poisonous substance, C10H14N2, derived from the tobacco plant. It is the substance in
tobacco to which smokers can become addicted.

2. Why Do We Smoke Cigarettes?

Smoking is Fun / Smoking is Oral Pleasure / "With a Cigarette I Am Not Alone" / "Smoking Helps Me Think" /
Cigarettes Help Us to Relax / "I Blow My Troubles Away" / a sign of manhood or adulthood / etiquette at social
gatherings

3. Drawbacks of smoking

• Health problems: Not being able to breathe properly. / Painful heartburn / Severe headaches, occasional
migraines. / Lingering colds and bronchitis. / Racing heartbeat, more sweating. / Yellow skin, teeth and fingernails. /
Coughing so hard / Trembling hands and fingertips. / Burning my lips on the filter. / Limited motivation and energy.

• Psychological problems: Anxiety from the fear about what I was doing to myself and the consequences. / No
relaxation, always feeling in need of something. A constant feeling of not being satisfied. / Feelings of shame while
spending time with non-smokers. / Fear. Of being unable to quit, of dying an untimely, painful death. /

• Social problems: social rejection due to the after-smell on my clothes, furniture, car, house, everything. / The cost.
All that money wasted on ruining my health and well-being.

4. How can we stop smoking?

• Psychological factors: having the good- strong will to quit, the desire to give up your filthy habit of smoking./ not
lose hope in case of failure till the final success / Being strongly determined to win the challenge over such a
disgusting behaviour.

• Deep conviction of its drawbacks: to admit that smoking endangers our wellbeing and leads to severe health,
psychological and social problems (give examples)

• Finding the right alternatives: To replace that sense of addiction to cigarettes. (healthy diet /sporting exercise
programme) - Avoid smoking reminders (public places /drinking coffee).

5. LANGUAGE

• Circle the correct option. (3 marks)

We have noticed a big rise in the number of behavioural addictions. People look down on (1) (smoke / smokers /
smoking), alcoholics and cocaine addicts, but then go and spend five hours in an internet chatroom. We are (2)
(hopefully / faithfully / increasingly) turning to “comfort behaviours” activities that temporarily make us feel happier
and less stressed. Behavioural addictions (3) (conclude / exclude / include) compulsive attachment to cosmetic
surgery, the internet and mobile phones. These are the very things that can lead us into (4) (independence / dependency
/ dependent), no matter how harmless they may seem at first. While behavioural addictions may sound less serious
than being hooked (5) (to / on / at) drink or drugs, according to experts, their potential for wrecking (6) (lives / living /
alive) may be quite similar. These are very modern addictions, which can lead to obsession, debt and the breakdown of
relationships.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Global Warming

1. Definition

Global warming is the observed and projected increases in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and
oceans. The Earth's average temperature rose about 0.6° Celsius (1.1° Fahrenheit) in the 20th century.

2. Causes

• Natural Causes: A release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. / the earth goes through a cycle of
climate change

• Man-made Causes: (a) CO2 & CFC: Pollution (factories/ cars/ wars) / Use of chemicals in all domains / Nuclear
& chemical wastes dumped in the oceans and seas / Nuclear wars (b) Over population in the world / Over
consumption of natural resources (c) Deforestation (Tropical rain forests)

3. Drawbacks

a. Natural imbalance

• Disrupting and having unknown effects on world climate. / Higher sea level leading to flooding of low-lying
lands and deaths and disease from flood and evacuation. / Drought: Deserts get drier leaving to increased
desertification. / Water shortages in already water-scarce areas. / More extreme weather and an increased
frequency of severe and catastrophic storms. / Permanent loss of glaciers and ice sheets. / Increased acidity of
rainfall. / Earlier drying of forests leading to increased forest fires in size and intensity.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

b. Endangered Nature (plants and animals)

• Extinction of additional species of animals and plants. / Loss of animal and plant habitats.

c. Man’s life in jeopardy

• Food shortages. / Starvation, malnutrition, and increased deaths due to food and crop shortages. /
Increased disease in humans. / Increased deaths from heat waves. / Increased emigration of those from
poorer or low-lying countries to wealthier or higher countries seeking better (or non-deadly) conditions. /
Additional use of energy resources for cooling needs. / Increased air pollution. / Increased allergy and
asthma rates due to earlier blooming of plants.

3. Solutions

a. Individual:

• Be more ecology conscious / launch and participate in eco-friendly campaigns / change one’s life style / follow
the RRR method (reduce, recycle, reuse) / use reusable products instead of undegradable disposables / follow energy
saving methods / follow ecodriving methods

b. Government:

• Launch sensitizing campaigns to make people more ecology conscious. / pass strict laws and impose high taxes
against polluting activities / reduce or at least regulate the number of vehicles and factories.

c. Environmentalist organizations:

• Recycle waste products / Safeguard rainforests and ban deforestation / Protect endangered species Plant trees/
Build wildlife conservation areas

d. International level (UNO):

• Make all nations- especially the super powers- agree, sign and respect the protocols / think seriously of banning
all types of deforestation and nuclear experiments and dumps / look for an alternative non polluting source of energy
/ stop the production of ozone-damaging chemicals / Pass laws to regulate the exploitation of seas and oceans

4. Fill in the blanks with six words from the box (3 marks)

issues - scientific - adapt – there - gases - evident – who - particularly

Global warming has become perhaps the most complicated issue facing world leaders. On one hand, warnings from
the (1) ___________ community are becoming louder, as an increasing body of science points to rising dangers from
(2) ___________ produced mainly by the burning of fossil fuels and forests. On the other, the technological,
economic and political (3) ___________ that have to be resolved before a concerted worldwide effort to reduce
emissions can begin have gotten no simpler, (4) ___________ in the face of a global economic slowdown. World
leaders recently announced what had already become (5) ___________ that no formal treaty could be produced
anytime soon. Instead, the leaders pledged to reach a placeholder accord that would call for reductions in emissions
and increased aid to help developing nations (6) ___________ to a changing climate and get access to non-polluting
energy options.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Eco-driving
A. PART ONE
B. Add the necessary elements to get coherent sentences about ‘eco-driving’
a. Ecodriving/ term use / describe energy / efficient use / vehicles.
..........................................................................................................................................................................

b. easy way / reduce fuel / consume / road transport

..........................................................................................................................................................................

c. there / many safe / drive techniques / can lead / significant fuel save.
..........................................................................................................................................................................

C. Fill in the blanks to get the right definition of ‘eco-driving’

but / reduction / culture / contributes / while / techniques / smarter

Ecodriving means (1) _____________ and more fuel-efficient driving. Ecodriving represents a new driving (2)
_____________ that makes best use of advanced vehicle technologies, (3) _____________ improving road safety.
Ecodriving considerably (4) _____________ to climate protection and pollution (5) _____________.

D. Read the following passage and the ad on the right and complete the table below
In the last decades, engine technology and performance of cars has improved rapidly, while most drivers have not
adapted their driving style. Ecodriving represents a driving culture which suits to modern engines and makes best use of
advanced vehicle technologies. Ecodrivingcan be classified into three main stages: regular car maintenance, smooth
driving while avoiding bad driving behaviour and finally thinking of better alternatives. Ecodriving offers numerous
benefits, including GHG emissions reductions, fuel cost savings, as well as greater safety and comfort. It is a great and
easy way to reduce fuel consumption from road transport so that less fuel is used to travel the same distance. Ecodriving
is the modern and smart way to save fuel and reach your destination swiftly and – most important – safely. Consuming
energy/fuel costs money and causes CO2 emissions and air pollutants with negative environmental impacts. Especially
driving with high engine revolutions (high RPM) raises the fuel consumption significantly. Also avoidable sequences of
acceleration and braking will lower fuel efficiency.

*GHG: A greenhouse gas (a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation, water vapour, carbon
dioxide, methane...)

*RPM: engine spinning speed (Revolutions Per Minute)

Find the Golden Rules of Ecodriving here!

1. Anticipate Traffic Flow
Read the road as far ahead as possible and anticipate the flow of traffic. Act instead of react – increase your scope of action with an
appropriate distance between vehicles to use momentum (an increased safety distance equivalent of about 3 seconds to the car in front
optimises the options to balance speed fluctuations in traffic flow).
2. Maintain a steady speed at low RPM
Drive smoothly, using the highest possible gear at low RPM.
3. Shift up early
Shift to higher gear at approximately 2.000 RPM.
Consider the traffic situation, safety needs and vehicle specifics.
4. Check tyre pressures frequently at least once a month and before driving at high speed
Keep tyres properly inflated as low tyre pressure is a safety risk and wastes fuel. For correct tyre pressure (acc. To loading, highest
pressure and speed driven), check with car’s manual.
5. Consider any extra energy required costs fuel and money
Use air conditioning and electrical equipment wisely and switch it off if not needed. Electrical energy is converted from extra fuel
burnt in a combustion engine, so electrical equipment doesn’t work “for free” – it always costs extra energy and money.
6. ‘if it’s not far, don’t go by car’
Think twice before you decide to get your car out of the garage. If ever you find the alternative, never hesitate to walk
short distances, enjoy cycling, or use public transport. That would be cheaper, healthier and most important of all
lesspolluting.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Negative Driving Style

Bad driving behaviour Negative impacts

 ----------------------------------------------  ----------------------------------------
 ----------------------------------------------  ----------------------------------------
 ----------------------------------------
 ----------------------------------------
Eco-driving style

Eco-driving stages Positive impacts

 --------------------------------------------  ----------------------------------------
 --------------------------------------------  ----------------------------------------
 --------------------------------------------  ----------------------------------------
 ----------------------------------------

B. PART TWO - WRITING

“YOUR CAR IS KILLING ME – PLEASE KEEP IT SAFE”
After reading this Ad in a local ecological magazine, you decided to contribute in this sensitizing campaign with an
article in which you suggest practical solutions for car drivers to make their vehicles eco-friendly.

Follow this guideline to get a coherent article in which you suggest practical solutions for car drivers to make
their vehicles eco-friendly

A. Introduction: Useful Expressions

Eco-driving: definition +
solution to combat pollution It has become more than evident that ....................... Indeed, drivers
can.....................................
B. Details: a. To start with, (check oil & tyre pressure)  Should
a. Regular car maintenance  ought to
b. Safe driving style b. Add to this, (avoid sudden breaks/ smooth  it’s advisable
use of gear/ avoid unnecessary options)  drivers are required to
 it’s highly recommended to
c. Alternative for car c. Most important of all, (‘if it’s not far; don’t
go by car’)

 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................
 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................
 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................
 ...................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Attitudes
Life is a battle between ---------------------- # ----------------------.

1. Circle the good values and underline the bad ones:

Ambition Infidelity Hostility Solidarity
Arrogance Lying Selfishness Envy
Jealousy Pride Cleanliness Gratitude
Tolerance Trust Generosity Adultery
Charity Fanaticism Creativity Greed
Self-confidence Hypocrisy Bravery Anger
Cowardice Honesty Suspicion Courage

2. Read the following short stories and write the appropriate value it stands for:
a) After 21 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner and a movie. She said, “I love you, but I
know this other woman loves you and would love to spend some time with you.” The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit
was my MOTHER. _________________________.

b) There was a blind girl who hated herself just because she was blind. She hated everyone, except her loving boyfriend. He was
always there for her. She said that if she could only see the world, she would marry her boyfriend. One day, someone donated a pair
of eyes to her and then she could see everything, including her boyfriend. Her boyfriend asked her, “now that you can see the world,
will you marry me?” The girl was shocked when she saw that her boyfriend was blind too, and refused to marry him. Her boyfriend
walked away in tears, and later wrote a letter to her saying: “Just take care of my eyes dear.” _________________________

c) A Mouse running over his face awakened a Lion from sleep. Rising up angrily, he caught him and was about to kill him. Then the
Mouse piteously entreated, saying: “If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness.” The Lion laughed at
him but allowed him go. It happened shortly after this that some hunters, who bound him by strong ropes to the ground, caught the
Lion. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came and gnawed the rope with his teeth, and set him free, exclaiming: “You ridiculed the
idea of my ever being able to help you, never expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favour, Now you know that it is
possible for even a Mouse to confer benefits on a Lion.” _________________________

3. Fill in the blanks with words from the list.

once / thought / perspective / yourself / reread / interact / actions / situations / while

"I am convinced that attitude is the key to success or failure in almost any of life’s accomplishments. Your attitude - your (1)
_______________, your outlook, how you feel about yourself, how you feel about other people – determines your priorities, your (2)
_______________, your values. Your attitude determines how you (3) _______________ with other people and how you interact
with (4) _______________." The greatest change that I experienced is my attitudes to all of life’s (5) _______________. One of the
best books I read and (6) _______________ was “Sobriety and Beyond”. I get it out about (7) _______________ a year and brush up
my attitudes.

4. Circle the right alternatives 1) (of / by / for)

Virtue, (1) _______ definition, is the moral excellence of a person. A (2) _______ 2) (moral / morally / morality)
excellent person is honest, respectful, courageous, forgiving, and kind. (3)_______ of 3) (Because / Due / In spite)
these virtues, he or she is committed to doing the right thing no matter what the 4) (thanks / according / few)
personal cost, but acts (4)_______ to values and principles. Virtues need to be 5) (habit / habits / habitual)
cultivated to become more prevalent or (5) _______ in daily life.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Urban Exodus

I.WHERE WOULD YOU RATHER LIVE? THE COUNTRY OR THE CITY?

1. Jeyong, Korea
I like living in cities more than the country because I like the crowdedness of people all busy walking around and especially I like
going to clubs, being with many people and talking to new people is something that I love very much.

2. Al, England
I think ideally I'd like to do both, so be rich and have a house in the country and a house in the city and spend my weekdays in the
country, in a stone house, and go to the city on weekends and party.

3. Joel, America
Well, I've lived in very big cities for most of my life: Tokyo, Bangkok, Los Angeles, and now is the first time ever that I've lived
in the country and I'm finding that I like it a lot better. I have time to do things that I could never do in the city, like play guitar or
even read the news, and I'm enjoying a peaceful lifestyle a lot more than the busy city life.

4. Martin, United States

If I wanted to live in the city or country, I'd have to say nowadays, in the city. I grew up in the country on a very small farm and it
was kind of boring. I enjoyed the clean air and the wildlife around but it was boring. The city is much more exciting and a lot more
to do and see and experience, so by and large, the city for me is the way to go.

5. Mitchell, United States

I would rather live in the countryside because I'm from the islands and everything is more peaceful, relax, and time seems to go by
slowly. Compared to the city, it seems like every one is in a rush, moving around fast, trying to get things done as soon as
possible, that's why I'd rather live in the countryside.

6. Shuan, Canada
I think that living in the city would be so much better than living in the country. I like being active, and I like going out so living in
the country would be, I would think, boring, compared to the city. There is no entertainment, not enough public services and above
all internet connection coverage is always down in the country.

 Complete the following table with information from the passages above
Country life City life
Advantages Advantages
.................................................................. .................................................................
.................................................................. .................................................................
.................................................................. .................................................................

Disadvantages Disadvantages
................................................................... ...................................................................
................................................................... ..................................................................
................................................................... ..................................................................

 Classify the following sentences about the city in the following chart.
a- Students can attend there the best universities. g- People are always in a hurry and have no leisure time at all.
b- Life is very busy and stressful. h- There are limitless sources of entertainment such as cafes,
c- People can use the best learning resources which allow them pubs, clubs, discos, concerts or art exhibitions.
to develop their knowledge and skills. i- Living in a city is often very expensive.
d- Cites are overcrowded. j-People can enjoy shopping in large shopping centres.
e- There are more chances to find good employment. k- The air is polluted which causes many diseases.
f- There are many possibilities to gain the best professional l-There are lots of street crimes, burglaries and accidents and this
experience. makes city dwellers feel unsafe.

Pros Cons
a / ---- / ---- /---- /---- /---- b / ---- /---- / ---- /---- /---- /----

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 Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

II. LANGUAGE
1. Fill in the blanks
comparison – however – similar – offers – whenever – scarcity – variety - enhances

The best reason why one should live in the countryside is the amount of free space available there. Unlike cities, where
people live in congested areas with housing limited to apartments, the countryside (1) ___________ us much more land to
live on. We can live in our own house with our own private garden. This (2) ___________ the spirit on independence and
helps good psychological growth. In a free space, (3) ___________ we feel like we can easily go for a walk outside our
house. The dense urban landscape is populated only by people, and there is a (4) ___________, and even non-existence of
vegetation and animal life. In the countryside, however, nature is everywhere and abundant: there is a large (5)
___________ of flora, fauna and plant life. The scenery in the countryside is marvellous in (6) ___________ with the
jungle of concrete one sees by one's window in the town.

2. Circle the right alternative

Britain is 'self-segregating' as white families flee urban areas for the countryside and outer suburbs. The (flight /
phenomena / exodus) is causing an 'ethnic cliff', in which the proportion of households from minority backgrounds is
vastly different in areas just a few miles (apart / along / far). Some outer London suburbs - including Enfield, Waltham
Forest and Redbridge – (see / saw / have seen) their white British population drop by as much as a quarter over the past
decade. The same applies (by / to/ for) urban areas around the capital such as Bedfordshire. (Meanwhile / Hence /
Despite), the white British population in many suburban and rural districts just next door has soared, (due / thanks /
according) to research produced by the University of London. 'Between 2001 and 2011, the proportion of white British in
London's population (reduce / fell / rose) from 58 to 45 per cent,' said Professor Eric Kaufmann.

III. WRITING
1. Develop the following notes into a coherent paragraph about the reasons why people would prefer country life to
city life.
Country life City life
 peace and quiet  noise
 open space and fresh air  pollution
 Community life, social virtues of love, neighbourhood and solidarity  moral decline
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………

2. ESSAY
Your cousin Slim, who is born and brought up in the countryside, suddenly decides to move to live in the city center. Write
him a letter to convince him to remain in his native town and to reveal the various drawbacks of city life.

Dear Slim,

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………

Yours Truly

Amin(a)

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Employment

I.Reading Comprehension
Employers and employees have responsibilities to each others; they should also expect their rights to be upheld. These
rights and responsibilities relate to areas such as health and safety, the provision of terms and conditions of
employment, equal opportunities and the right to be paid a minimum wage.

Employees are expected to carry out their work in a way that has regard to the safety of others. Employers are
expected to provide safe machinery and equipment, carry out regular health and safety checks and ensure the training
of employees in health and safety issues. There are also a number of requirements about the minimum temperature at
work, and other aspects of working conditions. There are also laws against sexual, racial and disability discrimination.

In return, employees are required to fulfil their work duties. In general, they must obey the terms of the contract of
employment, serve faithfully, cooperate with the employer, and not to misuse the confidential information acquired
while in service.

A. Complete the following table with the right information from the text
Employers should provide employees with... Employees have to...
----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------- Employees shouldn’t.....
----------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------

B. Choose the right alternative

1. If the employee is late for work, the convenient punishment is.........
A written warning □ A fine not exceeding the sum equivalent to a quarter of one month salary □
A severe reproach □ Dismissal □
2. If the employer doesn’t respond positively to employees’ demands, they can....
Quit the job □ Sue him at the court □
Stop working for hours □ Go on strike □
II.Language
1. Put the bracketed words in the right tense or form (3 marks)
Studies have shown that employee morale is directly tied to productivity. The more stressed and dissatisfied employees are
(much) ___________________ productivity will plunge. On the contrary, happy employees mean more gets done in a
healthy, (fruit) ___________________ work environment. So, (boost) ___________________ employee morale
employers have to recognize the value of their employees. Many businessmen have the attitude that employees are simply
work assets. If one leaves, another can (find) ___________________ to take their place without much trouble on their part.
While this may be true to some extent, the cost of advertising, interviewing and training the new employee can be high-
(price) ___________________. Besides, employers should make sure the values and ethics of the company are of those
employees can take (proud) ___________________ in as most of them want to work for a company they can trust and
believe in.

2. Fill in the blanks

factors / valuable / make/ aspect/ leadership/ available / take / unfortunately

When workplace morale is high, employees are cheerful, disciplined and happily engaged in their work. (1)
______________, when morale declines and employees are unhappy, productivity suffers and absenteeism increases,
costing businesses millions of dollars. In most cases, low morale is caused by a combination of (2) ______________. In a
recent survey, nearly 75 percent of the respondents said that without strong (3) ______________, employees are unclear
about expectations, the direction of the organization and the purpose of their work. In addition, leaders who control every
(4) ____________of their employees' work can cause low morale, as employees do not feel like valued members of a team
who can make (5) ____________contributions to the success of the business. If leaders fail to create a culture of trust in the
workplace, by not empowering employees to (6) ____________decision and contribute ideas, morale will suffer.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

III. WRITING
1. Use the following notes to get the right definition and importance of ‘Employment Morale’
 the spirit of an organization
 emotions, attitudes and conditions of employees during their time in a workplace environment.
 effective productivity / directly related to the morale of the employees.
 happy employees / high employee morale.
 no matter how / smart, talented and experienced / the employees / if not happy with their jobs / work suffer.
 keep employee morale high / important / boost the company’s success.
...................................................................................................................................................................................... ........
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................

2. After reading the following Job Ad, you decide to apply for this post. Write the letter of application. The notes
(on the right) might be helpful. (your name is Mary Brown- XYD85 Brook St. London)
Job Ad Useful Notes

An excellent opportunity exists for an experienced Executive

 Personal information (age, qualities, ambitions..)
Assistant with fluent German.
 qualifications (degrees)
 experience
 Employer: VICTORIA WALL ASSOCIATES
 enclosed docs + phone number
 Post: Executive Assistant
 looking forward to
 Location: West End, London (Oxford St. XB90)
 Salary: £36000 per annum (depending on experience)
 Type: Permanent

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12
Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Ali
Tahri

UNIT FOUR / LIFE ISSUES

Review papers

2017/2018

13
Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

 Main topics
1. Smoking (ways to quit)Introduction: danger of smoking+ solutionsDetails a) strong will ‘Yes I Can’ b) remind yourself of
drawbacks (examples) c) find alternative
2. Healthy Diet (keep fit)Introduction: importance of having a balanced & healthy dietDetails a) to know what to eat (proteins….+
examples..) b) know why you eat them (benefits) 3) control life style (meals / sport / sleeping time..)
3. Ecology (solutions)Introduction: Earth in danger + solutionsDetailsA/ Natural Disasters: find measures to reduce the
effects (Flood: build dams + dig canals) (earthquakes/ Tsunami/ volcano..: study, research to predict and follow safety procedures:
evacuate people..) (deforestation: stop cutting down the trees+ plant more trees)
B/ Man-made Disasters (Pollution/ Global warming) a) individuals’ responsibilities (R.R.R.) / energy saving / ecodriving /
economical methods / cleanliness b) Governments & organisations: sensitizing people / pass and implement strict laws / find
alternatives (factories, control..) c) U.N. international community + super powers: sign, respect and implement the international
treaties (Kyoto Protocol) + ban polluting activities (chemicals & nuclear) + protect nature (forests, seas, species..)

4. EcodrivingIntroduction: pollution + solutions - Details a) regular car maintenance b) safe driving style c) alternative ‘if it’s not
far; don’t go by car’
5. County lifeIntroduction: benefits of country life compared to city life- Details a) health vs disease , fresh air vs pollution b) calm
vs noise , crowd vs open space c) community virtues vs moral decline
6. Employment MoraleIntroduction: importance of work morale - Details a) mutual respect bw employers & employees b) rights &
duties guaranteed (salary, work hours, conditions, medical care insurance…c) priority for productivity, quality…
7. Apply for a job (letter) Introduction: to apply for a specific job - Details a) personal information (age, qualities, ambitions..) b)
qualifications (degrees) c) experience d) enclosed docs + phone number e) looking forward
============================

1. Healthy Diet
a. Proverbs on diet

· Your stomach shouldn't be a waist basket.

· One should eat to live, not live to eat. ~Cicero
· To lengthen your life, shorten your meals. ~Proverb
· If you wish to grow thinner, diminish your dinner. ~H.S. Leigh
· An apple a day keeps the doctor away

b. How to keep a healthy diet?

Don't expect to remain healthy if you do not have a balanced diet. You cannot eat whatever you like and stay in good health.

Firstly, you must eat the right things containing the necessary food substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and
mineral salts. So, you should eat bread, rice and fruits and drink milk for carbohydrates. Proteins are found in meat, fish and eggs.
Vitamins are found mainly in fresh fruit and vegetables.

Secondly, you should know why you eat these things. Carbohydrates, for example, give you the energy you need to move and
grow. Proteins are essential for growth and repair. Vitamins are required to keep you healthy. Minerals like Calcium and Iron are
essential for teeth, bones, muscles and nerves.

Yet, you should know that too much or too little of these substances may lead to various health problems such as obesity,
inappropriate growth, tiredness and several other incurable diseases. That’s why, you are highly recommended to eat the right
amounts of each kind of food.

I hope that you find my tips useful and fruitful. Never forget the proverbs which say that “Your stomach shouldn't be a waist
basket” and that “an apple a day keeps the doctor away.”

2. Smoking
a. Proverbs on smoking

 “People always come up to me and say that my smoking is bothering them... Well, it's killing me!” Wendy Liebman
 “The best way to stop smoking is to just stop - no ifs, ands or butts.” Edith Zittler
 Cigarettes are killers that travel in packs.

b. Smoking (Drawbacks)- Shall we give up smoking?

There are literally countless health reasons to quit smoking. Simply put, smoking affects every aspect of a person's health.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

Practically no one can claim that they are unaware that smoking is bad for your health. These days, even the tobacco companies
that once vehemently denied the negative impact smoking has on public health admit that smoking creates an addiction that is hard
to defeat and endangers the lives and quality of living of those who smoke. When people consider the dangers of smoking, lung
cancer is what first comes to mind.

That is not to say that the only concern of smokers should be that their personal health is the only part to in jeopardy. Research
also directly ties smoking to the onset of asthma in children of parents who smoke in the home. Therefore, all of those horrible
afflictions can be spread to non-smokers who are subjected to constant second-hand smoke.

More than just health consequences, smoking has psycho-social side effects that hinder one's quality of life. The urge to smoke
requires smokers to lose time finding an acceptable place to smoke during work hours or public places, and the approximate five
minutes to smoke a cigarette. With the increasing stigma society places on smoking, being a smoker can cause feelings of shame,
especially when in group settings where the smoker allows his desire to smoke outweigh the desire not to inconvenience others.

Further, smoking decreases the ability to smell and taste, taking pleasure out of things like fresh air and delicious foods. Ironically,
as it takes away their senses of smell, it causes the homes and clothing of smokers to smell badly. Smokers themselves cannot
smell the scent on themselves and in their homes, but their friends and neighbors can, just as they can smell it on their breath.

c. How can we stop smoking?

For smokers, to stop Smoking is really a tough action to take. Majority of smokers want to quit smoking, but find it difficult to do
so as nicotine is very addictive and hard to get rid of. Yet, it’s never impossible if several measures are taken into consideration.

There are three factors that will determine your success in quitting smoking for good- strong will to quit, deep conviction of its
drawbacks and finding the right alternatives.

First, you must have the desire to give up your filthy habit of smoking. If you’re thinking about quitting or have stopped smoking
but failed to quit, don’t lose hope because smokers often try to quit more than once before they actually succeed. Be strongly
determined this time to win the challenge over such a disgusting behaviour.

Second, you must learn about the effects of smoking, understand its consequences. You have to admit that smoking creates an
addiction that is hard to defeat and endangers the lives and quality of living of smokers and non-smokers as well. On the one side,
your health is extremely jeopardized due to long-term smoking which may bring about lethal diseases such as cancer, asthma and
heart failure. On the other side, smoking has psycho-social side effects that hinder one's quality of life. Smokers may feel
stigmatized after being rejected or belittled by society due to their filthy habit and smell.

Finally, you ought to face the fact that you need to follow, finish and maintain a quit smoking plan. New alternatives are necessary
to replace that sense of addiction to cigarettes. You can start a healthy diet as well as a sporting exercise programme to heal your
mind and body and to help you regain your health and energy. Besides, it’s highly recommended that you stop frequenting or
getting exposed to smoking reminders like attending public places or drinking coffee.

3. Ecology Matters
a. Proverbs on ecology

 I conceive that the land belongs to a vast family of which many are dead, few are living, and countless numbers are still unborn.
 When we heal the earth, we heal ourselves. ~David Orr
 The activist is not the man who says the river is dirty. The activist is the man who cleans up the river. ~Ross Perot
 We shall require a substantially new manner of thinking if mankind is to survive. ~Albert Einstein
 Man has been endowed with reason, with the power to create, so that he can add to what he's been given. But up to now he
hasn't been a creator, only a destroyer. Forests keep disappearing, rivers dry up, wild life's become extinct, the climate's ruined
and the land grows poorer and uglier every day. ~Anton Chekhov

b. How can we help reduce the effects of 'global warming'?

Not surprisingly today, it is more than evident that global warming is alarmingly becoming one of the most crucial debated
controversial issues that may jeopardize the welfare and pure existence of all species on earth. Nevertheless, options are still
available to combat such a lethal disaster in a variety of simple actions.

Initially, we shall admit that individuals, governments and international organizations are all concerned about the environment.
Individuals don't need to wait for governments to find a solution for this problem and each one can bring an important help

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

adopting a more responsible lifestyle starting from little everyday things. We can follow RRR theory-Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.
Let’s do our part to reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of undegradable disposables.

Society, as well, represented by the government and environmentalist organizations ought to think of more efficient sensitizing
campaigns to make people more ecology conscious. Moreover, strict laws should be passed to reduce or at least regulate the
number of vehicles and factories. Besides, trees which absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide should be planted. Also, existing
forests should be saved.

Most important of all, the United Nations Organization is required to assume its noble and human responsibilities to make all
nations- especially the super powers- agree, sign and respect the protocols and think seriously of banning all types of deforestation
and nuclear experiments and dumps, looking for an alternative non polluting source of energy and last but not least stopping the
production of ozone-damaging chemicals

I do believe it’s high time we seriously thought about practical measures to stop the incoming ecological dangers.

c. Eco-driving (Essay)

It doesn’t matter what you drive; nevertheless it really matters how you drive. There are things you can do to save money and
reduce energy use, CO2 emissions and pollution. They are simple ideas that really will make a difference.

To start with, regular maintenance of your vehicle is the key to keep your machine ecologically ‘green’. You should get the car
serviced regularly according to the manufacturer's schedule to maintain engine efficiency. Besides, you’d better make sure you use
the right specification of engine oil and check tyre pressures regularly and before long journeys.

Add to this, your driving habits ought to be minded. While you are en route, you’re highly recommended to drive smoothly,
accelerate gently and read the road ahead to avoid unnecessary braking. Moreover, if you can keep the car moving all the time, so
much the better; stopping then starting again uses more fuel than rolling. Furthermore, some unnecessary options should be
avoided as much as possible such as air-conditioning, higher speeds, open windows which increase fuel consumption.

Last but not least, it's certainly still possible to change your lifestyle and think twice before you decide to get your car out of the
garage. Is it really indispensable? Think of the proverb that says: ‘if it's not far don't take the car.” If ever you find the alternative,
never hesitate to walk short distances, enjoy cycling, or use public transport. That would be cheaper, healthier and most important
of all less polluting.

4. Benefits of Living in the Country

Rural living has its advantages over urban sprawl and big cities. Families are moving to smaller towns and out of the city at
alarming rates, many with the same reasons. The following are just a few of the reasons why it’s good to raise your kids in the
country.

First of all, the country offers peace and quiet you can’t get in the city. Sit outside any time of the day or night; you will be the
audience to nature playing its tune. It’s not unlikely to hear birds singing. The noisiest sounds will often be the sounds of your own
children’s laughter.

Adding to this, life in the country means your home isn’t packed on top of your neighbors. Your children have room to run, play,
jump and be kids without worry of treading through the neighbor’s yard or flowers. For people who love gardening, the space of
living in the country allows them to get creative with the size of their garden and what to include.

Moreover, parents looking for security that they can’t find in the city anymore often look to small communities and rural living to
find peace of mind. Worries of living in areas of crime and theft keep them from sending kids outside to play. It’s very frightening
to live in an area that is corrupt with theft and crime or dangerous schools. Rural families find relief in knowing that statistically
living in the country does have less reported crime.

Most important of all, families that live in the country have the benefit over crowded cities and industrial areas of having clean air.
Sitting outside at night and being able to view the stars and moon in all their glory is clear evidence of the air quality in the
country. Bright blue clouds and sun are able to be seen clearly and pollutants from crowded highways, exhaust fumes and
manufacturing companies are nowhere in sight.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

5. Applying for a job

Dear Sir/Madam

I am applying for the position of receptionist, which was advertised in ‘The Courier Mail’ on Saturday 14 April 2005.

I have over 5 years experience working in a busy office environment as a Receptionist and general office administrator. I have
recently completed a Certificate II in Business Administration at Sarina Russo Schools | Australia.

In all my previous employment positions, I have been required to operate a 10 to 15 line switchboard and general commander
systems. I am competent is the use of Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint and have a current typing speed of 40 words per
minute with 100% accuracy.

Since beginning my working career I have gained many skills in the area of customer service and feel that I would be a valuable
asset to your organisation.

I have enclosed my resume and can be contacted at anytime for an interview on 333 3333 33.

Yours faithfully,

MaryBrown

++++++++++++++++++++++++

ESSAYS

1. You’ve been informed that one of your dearest friends, Slim, seems to get some health problems due to his bad food habits
making him get fatter and fatter.
In reaction to this matter, write a letter to your friend Slim, telling him about the risks posed by such bad habits and suggesting
efficient ways to keep fit and healthy.

2. YOUR CAR IS KILLING ME – PLEASE KEEP IT SAFE”

After reading this Ad in a local ecological magazine, you decided to contribute in this sensitizing campaign with an article in
which you suggest practical solutions for car drivers to make their vehicles eco-friendly.

3. Due to the rise of strikes and the bad relationships between employers and employees in your country, you have decided to
write a sensitizing article in a local magazine to highlight the rights and duties of both partners and urge them to respect the
terms of employment contracts.

4. Your cousin Slim, who is born and brought up in the countryside, suddenly decides to move to live in the city center. Write
him a letter to convince him to remain in his native town and to reveal the various drawbacks of city life.

5. As a leading activist in an ecologist group ‘Mother Earth’, you have been chosen to deliver a sensitizing speech on Earth Day
trying to suggest efficient ways to help reduce the effects of the serious threats to the environment caused by global warming–
write the 12-line speech.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

READING COMPREHENSION 1
THE TEXT
1. Danielle Sheehan was likened to TV fat star Lisa Riley, better known as Mandy Dingle when she went out. After her weight
reached 146 kilograms, she has shed more than half her bodyweight - and is now size 10. Danielle used to overindulge on junk
food and sit in front of the television watching movies every day, resulting in becoming morbidly obese. Her size 26 frame was so
big that she wouldn't go on public transport or on fairground rides because she took up two seats.
2. But after having dropped to a svelte size 10 and after losing a staggering 44 kgs in just six months. After three years of hard
work and determination she now weighs just 64 kgs. She says she gets compared to star Angelina Jolie. Before, Danielle's diet
consisted of a Full English for breakfast, big baguettes and crisps for lunch and fatty meals like lasagne and chips in the evening
with at least 12 bars of chocolate a day as snacks. Danielle, 23, from Nottingham, said: It was more the quantity, the amount of
food I was eating and I didn't exercise - I was so lazy.
3. 'At 146 kilograms, I was miserable. I wanted to look like Angelina Jolie, not Mandy Dingle. My confidence evaporated and I
stopped going out with my mates. Instead I stayed at home, gorging on cakes and chocolate.' After being told by doctors she
would not be able to conceive naturally if she didn't dramatically change her lifestyle, Danielle decided to use this blow as her
‘trigger warning’ to take action. She became a fitness fanatic, embarking on long runs five days a week, going to the gym and
doing spinning classes, and stripped back to a diet of fruit, vegetables, lean meat and fish. The coffee shop worker said: 'I decided
enough was enough. I looked like a round melon but I was the only one who could change that.
4. Recalling the start of her diet in September 2009, she said: 'It was like a drug addiction. I was aggressive at first but then I
would go for a run and it would make me feel amazing. The dramatic weight loss helped Danielle to conceive naturally. She gave
birth to Keenan. That gave her even more motivation to continue with her new regime and she is now enjoying a new lifestyle and
her new slim frame after three years of hard work. 'I feel a lot more confident now. I feel amazing. I have lost the old me and
gained this amazing confidence. 'Now people compare me to Angelina Jolie instead of Mandy Dingle, which is a huge
compliment.

Daily Mail - 22 April 2013

1. Tick (√) the correct option (1 mark)

The text is mainly about....
a. a strongly-willing woman who managed to drop half her weight.
b. a brave lady who went on a healthy diet for a few weeks years to keep fit.
c. a fat young lady who could lose weight after giving birth to her first baby.
2. Pick out details from the text showing the main differences in Daniel’s life before and after losing weight (4 marks)
Before After

a. At the physical level She weighed 146 kgs. ..................................................

b. At the psychological level .................................................. She feels more self confident.

c. At the nutritional level She used to overindulge on junk food. ..................................................

d. At the gynaecological level .................................................. She gave birth to a baby.

3. Find details in the text showing that the following statements are false (2 marks)
a. Daniel indifferently kept her bad eating habits after realizing her inability to get pregnant.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
b. Despite her overweight, Daniel had never stopped socializing her friends.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------
4. Pick out three different ways that helped Daniel lose weight (3 marks)
a. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Tick (√) the most appropriate option. (1 mark)
 When Daniel says: “I have lost the old me”; she means that:
a.she has totally lost her self confidence. b. she has eventually regained her cool temper.
b. she has radically changed her personality.
6. Answer the following questions: (1 mark)
 What is the message that Daniel could send to obese people through her story?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------

7. Find out the words in the text meaning approximately the same as the following (2 marks)
a. In an unhealthy and depressing way: -------------------------------------- b. Slim:-------------------------------------
8. What does the underlined word refer to? (1 mark)“that” refers to: -------------------------------------------------------------------

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

READING COMPREHENSION 2
THE TEXT

1. Dr Michael Bane, who runs The University of Manchester’s Bike User Group, has been presented with a national green award.
Michael has been named as an ‘Environmental Hero’ under the National Union of Students’ Green Impact programme. Green
Impact encourages and celebrates pro-environmental behaviours in universities, and honours eco-friendly champions. Michael
clinched the award due to his commitment to environmental issues, particularly cycling. He runs the University’s Bike User Group
(UMBUG), all in his own time, organises an annual cycling day and coordinates monthly cycle rides which include free
breakfasts.
2. Michael launched his campaign three years ago when he was 48 years old. He has successfully applied for several thousand
pounds in grants from the City Council to allow the university to run cycle training sessions and bike maintenance sessions.
Michael said: “I'm honoured to receive the Award and would like to thank the dedication of all the cyclists, old and new,
especially those who have just started! “UMBUG holds ever popular monthly guided rides along safe routes into the University
and membership has grown steadily over the years. With the support of cyclists, UMBUG has encouraged many car drivers to hop
out of the driving seat and on to the saddle.”

3. The NUS awarded him a trophy as well as £100 worth of vouchers for a local bicycle shop. The award was handed over by
Professor Maynard Case, Associate Vice-President at The University of Manchester. He said: “Michael is a self-sacrificing and
enthusiastic member of staff who is totally committed to promoting the benefits of cycling and encouraging staff and students to
cycle to the University. This professor is an inspiration to us all in how to embrace more environmentally-friendly behaviour. I
would like to thank Michael for his continued dedication and I’m very pleased that his years of hard work have been recognised
nationally.”http://umbug.manchester.ac.uk - 10 Feb 2011

1. Tick (√) the most suitable title for the text (1 mark)
a.  Bane gets a boost for cycle campaign
b. Bane switches his car for a bicycle
c. Bane increases annual cycling

2. Complete the following table from the text with right information about Michael Bane (4 marks)
a. Name Michael Bane
b. Age
c. Occupation
d. Achievement
e. Award

3. Find a detail in the text showing that the following statement is false (1 mark)
 Bane relied on his own financial resources to launch his environmental campaign.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------

4. Pick out TWO different benefits that Bane realized through his campaign (2 marks)
a. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
b. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------

5. Answer the following questions: (1 mark)

 Why was Michael Bane named ‘environmental hero’?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------

6. Find out the words in the text meaning approximately the same as the following (2 marks)
b. Prize and award: --------------------------------------
c. Bicycle seat: --------------------------------------

7. What does the underlined acronym stand for? (1 mark)

 “NUS” stands for: ------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

READING COMPREHENSION 3
THE TEXT
Carole Vincent, 46, describes what her life is like with a terrible eating disorder.
1. Two o'clock in the morning and I'm wide awake. There's only one thing on my mind: food. My urge to eat is irrepressible. I
toss and turn, trying to push myself back to sleep, but I know I can't fight it. Cursing myself, I walk down stairs to my basement
kitchen. Unconsciously, I search the cupboard for something that will satisfy my craving - bread, bowls of cereal, chunks of
cheese, crackers or biscuits. If I can't find anything, I'll take bread out of the freezer and toast it.
2. I return to bed and fall into fitful sleep, only to wake again in an hour or two - desperate to eat once again. When I get up for
work and go into the kitchen, I find all the evidence of my late-night bingeing. In a guilty rush, I recall what I did last night. While
everyone else was fast asleep, I was consuming thousands of calories. I have Night Eating Syndrome for the whole of my adult life
since my early 20s. I have never admitted it to anyone before - it was my shameful secret - and until a few weeks ago, I had no
idea that what I had was an actual illness, with a proper name.
3. Flicking through a newspaper, I came across a story about American research into a new eating disorder. I nearly turned the
page, but the words 'night eating' caught my eye. As I read on, I felt more and more excited. The article described people - usually
obese - who ate little during the day and binged on carbohydrates at night. 'That's me!' I thought. I'm not the only person in the
world with this problem. The relief was indescribable.
4. Today, I weigh about 60 kgs, but just six months ago I was 110 kgs. My self-esteem and self-confidence are back again. My
weight fluctuates hugely, depending on how much I'm able to control the quantity of food I eat at night. But however much I try; I
can't totally get rid of the night eating pattern. Daily Mail - By Richard H. Adamson -December 19, 2012
1. Tick (√) the correct option (1 mark)
The text is mainly about....
a. a strongly-willing woman who managed to drop almost half her weight.
b. a brave lady who went on a healthy diet for many years to keep fit.
c. a fat young lady who vainly tried to lose weight despite her tough diet.
2. Pick out from the text details showing the main differences in Carole’s life before and after losing weight (3 marks)
Before After
a. At the physical level She suffered from obesity. ........................................................
b. At the psychological level ......................................................... She feels more self confident.
c. At the nutritional level She used to eat too much at night. ........................................................
3. Find a detail in the text showing that the following statement is false (1 mark)
 Despite her awareness of her food addiction, Carole kept her night eating behaviour for years.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------

4. Pick out three different details showing the symptoms of Night Eating Syndrome(3 marks)
a. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Tick (√) the most appropriate option. (1 mark)
When Carole says: “The relief was indescribable,” she means that:
a.she was totally confused about her situation.
b.  she was unable to describe her own health problem.
c. she was extremely reassured by the good news.

6. Answer the following questions: (1 mark)

 How did Carole find out about her eating health problem?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Find out the words in the text meaning approximately the same as the following (2 marks)
a. Strong desire: --------------------------------------
b. Rises and falls unsteadily: --------------------------------------

8. What does the underlined word refer to? (1 mark)

“it” refers to: -----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

READING COMPREHENSION 4
THE TEXT
1. Clarence Lundberg’s thought he would never stop smoking. After all, wouldn’t quitting smoking after 45 years be impossible?
Clarence started smoking when he was only 12 years old, and got used to waking up in the morning and starting his day with a cup
of coffee and a cigarette.

2. So why did Clarence decide to take the big step toward quitting tobacco? “It all started in 2011, when I went to the doctor for a
regular check-up. I was lucky to be asked if I wanted to take part in a lung test program, and this is when I was diagnosed with
chronic disease,” he said. “I was concerned when the research doctor told me I could continue to keep smoking, but I would need
an oxygen tank next to the bed in a year or two. That’s something my new girlfriend, and now wife, would definitely not find
attractive.”

3. Clarence is a success story. Through the Smoking Cessation Program, he has now been smoke-free for over a year and a half.
“When the doctor told me I was facing a future with an oxygen tank, I tried to quit smoking straight away. And I did quit, but I
realized I needed more support and help when I relapsed and began smoking again. I took steps to quit with the Smoking
Cessation Program and used the patches and the coaching programs. I liked the patches in particular, as they took away my
craving for a morning cigarette.”

4. The future looks brighter and clearer for Clarence, who experienced a multitude of benefits once he stopped smoking. He used
to wake up in the morning with a persistent cough, sometimes coughing for over five minutes straight. “Before I quit smoking, I
wouldn’t have believed how much healthier I could feel. My circulation got much better—my hands and feet have colour and are
warm instead of white and cold. I don't have an oxygen tank next to the bed and my morning cough is gone. I have much better
energy in the morning, and I can easily swim 2,000 metres and close to 20 metres under water.”

Jan. 23, 2014

1. Tick √ the right option (1 mark)
The text is mainly about a man who....a. willingly gave up smoking thanks to a doctor’s support.
b. vainly tried to quit a 45-year smoking experience. c. was determined enough to voluntarily quit smoking.
2. Complete the following diagram showing the different stages in Clarence’s experience (2 marks)

(1) Smoking for a long time (2) --------------------------------------

(4) Chronic disease diagnosed (3) Quit smoking (5) ---------------------------------

3. Find details in the text showing that the following statements are false (2 marks)
a. The doctor urged Clarence to give up smoking as soon as possible.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
b. Clarence discovered his chronic disease after marriage.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------

4. Complete the following table with the missing information showing the changes in Clarence’s life (3 marks)

Before Quitting Cigarettes After Quitting Cigarettes

a. He was diagnosed with a chronic disease ...................................................................................

b. ................................................................... His morning energy has improved.

c. His body parts looked unhealthy. .................................................................................

5. Answer the following questions: (1 mark)

 What did Clarence do to find support in his quit-smoking process? -------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------
6. Find out words or expressions in the text meaning approximately the same as the following (2 marks)
a. immediately (p.3): --------------------------------------- b. strong desire (p.3): --------------------------------------
7. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 refer to? (1 mark)
 “something” refers to: ------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Fill in the blanks with the missing words or expressions from paragraphs 3 and 4 (3 marks)

Clarence is cheerfully looking for a brighter future after becoming a _________________man. Indeed, he has enjoyed a
_________________ of profits after finally quitting his addictive habit. Thanks to some efficient steps like
_________________and training programmes, his mission proved far away from being impossible.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

READING COMPREHENSION 5
THE TEXT

1. It would appear that, in the first decade of the 21st century, the dream of escaping to the country which has possessed the
British since the 1960s became a reality for tens of thousands of urban white Britons. The movement is often characterised as
white flight - the native population forced out of their neighbourhoods by foreign migrants. That may be part of the story, but I
think there is more. To find out, I have been to Dagenham, a London district which has seen a phenomenal change in its cultural
make-up over the past decade or so.

2. In 2000, the district was among the very few places in London where you could still buy a three-bedroom house for under
£100,000. In ten years, anyone who got a house would see their home become a valuable investment due to the incredible rise in
property prices. The decade also saw the Ford Car Factory closing down. Hence, the number of full-time jobs in Dagenham fell by
a quarter. For many white British families, the crisis had left them without a job but with an expensive home and high pay-out
deals offered by Ford. Such a situation has pushed some families to move to the country.

3. Prof Kaufmann, a London University professor, says: 'Whites may be leaving for better schools, cheaper homes, fresher air, or
because they are more likely to be retirees, wealthier or better educated.' Minorities, however, are moving out of their poor areas to
better neighbourhoods. The people moving into the district tend to be of black African heritage. I was introduced to Victor and
Victoria Gyan, whose parents came to Britain from Ghana in the 50s. He works for London Transport and she is a nurse in the
NHS - typical of the professional black families who've arrived from inner London to take advantage of available housing as the
white residents leave.http://www.dailymail.co.uk - 27 January 2013

1. Choose the title that best suits the text (1 mark)

a. Rise of 'White Flight' from London □
b. Black Movement in London □
c. White Londoners suffer Unemployment □
2. Complete the following table with the right information about London’s population movement (3 marks)
Causes Effects
a. Ford Car factory has shut down.  ----------------------------------------------------
b. ------------------------------------------------  Coloured
 ----------------------------------------------------
people could get a house in London.

3. Find details in the text showing that the following statements are false (2 marks)
a. British citizens had never thought of leaving the capital before 2000.
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b. The Gyan family have just come from Ghana to settle in London.
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4. Answer the following questions: (2 marks)
a. How is London experiencing a double exodus to and from the city?
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b. What are the main benefits that native British may gain thanks to their move outside the city?
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5. Find out words in the text meaning approximately the same as the following (2 marks)
a. Extraordinary (p.1): ------------------------------------
b. People who stop working (p.3): --------------------------------------

6. What does the underlined word in paragraph 1 refer to? (1 marks)

 “story” refers to: ------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Give a personal and justified answer to the following question. (1 mark)

Do you think that white Londoners have made the right choice to leave the city? Why? Why not?
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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

READING COMPREHENSION 6
THE TEXT
1. Alanna Stern had never watched what she ate. But after having her first son, in 2009, she couldn't seem to shake the baby
weight. Stern had gained more than 45 kgs during the pregnancy, reaching 104 kgs. "I was embarrassed to even go to the gym,"
says Stern, 33. "I was so incredibly out of shape, and I felt like a real eyesore when I would walk down the street."
2. Despite her best efforts to drop the extra weight, she had only managed to lose 5 kgs. "I felt like there was so much more I
was capable of, and I didn't want to be one of those women who just accept their weight and that that's their fate as a young
mom. I felt like there was a better me," Stern says.
3. Frustrated, Stern remembered hearing about a new gym called Core Concepts near her home. Joshua Lipsey, Core
Concepts owner, had an unconventional concept. One day, Stern decided to walk in and introduce herself. That day, she signed
up for classes and started to shed the extra kilograms.
4. Lipsey had Stern visualize in front of the mirror and she began to see the body she wanted. "We envisioned what my waist,
stomach and arms were going to look like, and we just stayed on that path until we were happy with the result," Stern says. "It's
not only a spin class, it's not only a running class," she says. "He really made me challenge myself. Lipsey emphasized that to
see results, I had to change my whole lifestyle."
5. After about eight months of eating clean -- increasing fruit and vegetable intake while decreasing meat consumption -- and
attending core classes for an hour a day, six days a week, Stern lost about 50 kgs, which was even more than she had gained
while pregnant. www.cnn.com - March 10, 2014
1. Tick (√) the right answer (1 mark)
The text is mainly about a woman who...

a. unwillingly lost weight after pregnancy. 

b. bravely managed to lose weight after first pregnancy. 
c. successfully lost weight in order to get pregnant. 

2. Complete the following diagram showing the different stages in Stern’s experience (2 marks)

(2) First pregnancy (3) --------------------------------------------------

(3) Feeling depressed (4) --------------------------------------- (5) Losing weight

3. Find details in the text showing that the following statements are false (2 marks)

a. Stern had never tried losing weight before attending Lipsey’s Core lessons.
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b. Stern has always been careful about her food habits.
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4. Pick out details from the text showing Lipsey’s weight-loss techniques (3 marks)
a. Psychological: ............................................................................................................................................

b. Physical: .....................................................................................................................................................

c. Diet: ............................................................................................................................................................

5. Tick (√) the right answer (1 mark)

When Stern said: “I felt like there was a better me,” (p.2) she meant…
a. I hated myself when I saw fitter people. 
b. I thought there was something wrong inside me. 
c. I believed I could make a perfect change myself. 

6. Find words that approximately mean the following (2 marks)

a. Ugly thing (p.1): ---------------------------------------
b. Get rid of (p.3): ---------------------------------------

7. What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to? (1 mark)

“we” refers to: ------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

II. LANGUAGE

1. Fill in the blanks with words from the box- There are TWO EXTRA words (3.5 marks)

fuel / stress / whatever / keeping / for / make / moderate / with / users

Eco-driving is driving a vehicle in such a way as to reduce fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and accident rates. By
adopting (1) ________________ eco-driving techniques, which take into account existing engine technology, (2)
________________ savings and carbon dioxide reduction of 5%-10% can be achieved.The great opportunity of eco-driving is that
it can provide immediate benefits (3) ________________ all vehicle types and ages, and is not dependent on buying a new
vehicle. Eco-driving can also reduce driving (4) ________________, and is proven to reduce the risk of accident to drivers and
other road (5) ________________.Many of the best practices for eco-driving are subtle, but they can add up over a year. In
addition to (6) ________________ a vehicle well maintained and regularly serviced, adopting eco-driving techniques can be the
most immediate and effective way to reduce fuel use and carbon dioxide emissions, (7) ________________ vehicle you drive.

2. Supply the correct tense or form for the bracketed words: (3 marks)

Ecodriving is a term used to describe energy efficient use of vehicles. It is a great and easy way to reduce fuel (consume)
__________________ from road transport so that less fuel is used to travel the same distance. In the last decades, engine
technology and performance of cars (improve) __________________ rapidly, while most drivers have not adapted their driving
style. Ecodriving represents a driving culture which (suit) __________________ to modern engines and makes best use of
advanced vehicle technologies. Ecodriving offers numerous benefits, (include) __________________ GHG emissions reductions,
fuel cost savings, as well as greater safety and comfort. There are many smart and safe driving techniques which can lead to
significant fuel savings (possible) __________________. In short, EcoDriving shows you how to optimize the use of your car by
driving in a safer, more (environment) __________________ friendly, more economical and stress-free way.

3. Circle the right alternative: (3.5 marks)

Some children love the country and while others hate it. Life in rural France, (which / while / where) many immigrants choose to
live, is very different to that in a country such as Britain. 'There are (less / fewer / more) clubs, places to go and things to do and
many children can find this very boring,' says Elaine Douglas. 'The parents may love the rural, simpler life but (for / about / with)
their children it can be awful.' Rural life is one of the biggest issues for Michael. 'It takes an hour to go (wherever / anywhere /
whereas),' he says. Even Amanda says: 'Now going to McDonalds is a special (offer / price / occasion). In the city it was the
worst thing we could do.' Michael's parents, who moved to the country to (find / escape / migrate) the stressful hum-drum and
have an adventure, confirm that their child feels most at home in the city while living here make him (feel / feels / feeling) more
isolated.

4. Fill in the blanks with words from the box- There are TWO EXTRA words (3 marks)
valuable / aspect / empowering / available / about / costing / unfortunately / around

When workplace morale is high, employees are cheerful, disciplined and happily engaged in their work. (1)__________________,
when morale declines and employees are unhappy, productivity suffers and absenteeism increases, (2) __________________
businesses millions of dollars. In most cases, low morale is caused by a combination of factors. In a recent survey, nearly 75
percent of the respondents said that without strong leadership, employees are unclear (3)__________________ expectations, the
direction of the organization and the purpose of their work. In addition, leaders who control every (4)__________________ of
their employees' work can cause low morale, as employees do not feel like valued members of a team who can make
(5)__________________ contributions to the success of the business. If leaders fail to create a culture of trust in the workplace, by
not (6)__________________ employees to make decision and contribute ideas, morale will suffer.

5. Fill in the blanks with words from the box- There are TWO EXTRA words (3.5 marks)
of / sufficient / from / far / until / fed / making / unless / scenarios

Drastic measures are required to save the endangered polar bears from extinction, say scientists. The day may soon come when
some of the 19 polar bear populations in Canada, Norway, and Russia will have to be_______________ by humans in order to
keep them alive during an extended ice-free season or prevent them _______________ roaming into northern communities. Some
bears may have to be placed in temporary reservations _______________ it is cold enough for them to go back onto the sea ice. In
worst-case _______________, polar bears from southern regions may have to be relocated to more northerly climes that have
_______________ sea ice cover. Polar bear experts say that with Arctic sea ice disappearing _______________ faster than
originally estimated, it's time for Arctic nations to begin _______________ detailed plans to save as many of the world's 20,000 to
25,000 polar bears as possible.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

6. Circle the right alternative: (3.5 marks)

Britain is 'self-segregating' as white families flee urban areas for the countryside and outer suburbs. The (flight / phenomena /
exodus) is causing an 'ethnic cliff', in which the proportion of households from minority backgrounds is vastly different in areas
just a few miles (apart / along / far). Some outer London suburbs - including Enfield, Waltham Forest and Redbridge – (see / saw
/ have seen) their white British population drop by as much as a quarter over the past decade. The same applies (by / to/ for)
urban areas around the capital such as Bedfordshire. (Meanwhile / Hence / Despite), the white British population in many
suburban and rural districts just next door has soared, (due / thanks / according) to research produced by the University of
London. 'Between 2001 and 2011, the proportion of white British in London's population (reduce / fell / rose) from 58 to 45 per
cent,' said Professor Eric Kaufmann.

7. Put the bracketed words in the right tense or form (3 marks)

Studies have shown that employee morale is directly tied to productivity. The more stressed and dissatisfied employees are
(much) ___________________ productivity will plunge. On the contrary, happy employees mean more gets done in a healthy,
(fruit) ___________________ work environment. So, (boost) ___________________ employee morale employers have to
recognize the value of their employees. Many businessmen have the attitude that employees are simply work assets. If one leaves,
another can (find) ___________________ to take their place without much trouble on their part. While this may be true to some
extent, the cost of advertising, interviewing and training the new employee can be high-(price) ___________________. Besides,
employers should make sure the values and ethics of the company are of those employees can take (proud)
___________________ in as most of them want to work for a company they can trust and believe in.

8. Put the bracketed words in the right tense or form (3 marks)

Eighty per cent of Britons would like to escape the urban grind and live in the countryside, a survey reveals. Despite this, only 20
per cent of Britons (actual) ___________________ reside in rural areas - 12million compared to 48million. Many urban dwellers
say they want to go rural because it is (safe) ___________________ for children and much more picturesque in the countryside -
with 67 per cent confident there is less crime in the countryside. But 87 per cent (attract) ___________________ by the simple
beauty of the surroundings. Other positive qualities people associated with the countryside were fresh air, tranquillity, (clean)
___________________ and having more space. Rupert Uloth, deputy editor of Country Life, said: 'After all the crises that (hit)
___________________ the countryside lately, it is something of a triumph that so many people still harbour a desire to live in the
country. 'The British countryside is so locally (distinguish) ___________________ in so many areas that there is a richness there
that you do not get in, for example, America.

9. Put the bracketed words in the right tense or form (3marks)

New machine sucks CO2 from the air

Engineers at a U.S. laboratory may have discovered one answer to the problem of global warming. Lately, they (make)
__________________ a machine that can suck carbon dioxide from the air and convert it into liquid fuel. Researchers at the
Sandia National Labs believe their creation can provide a sustainable form of (renew) __________________ energy. Their
device (appear) __________________ like something from science fiction. In fact, its name is probably the most difficult thing
to understand. It is the Counter-Rotating-Ring Receiver Reactor Recuperator, or CR5 for short. The (research)
__________________ say their invention is still 15 to 20 years away from being in full operation. It is (current)
__________________ just a prototype. A Sandia spokeswoman said it “holds a real promise in its ability to reduce carbon
dioxide (emit) __________________.” She added it would allow us “to keep using fuels we know and love”.

10. Fill in the blanks with words from the box- There are TWO EXTRA words (3 marks)
about / easily / polluting / careless / how / pollution / emissions / aware

Believe it or not, you may already have much of what you need to save money at the gas pump. And you could reduce your carbon
dioxide ______________ at the same time. People think that if you are a green driver, you are slow, but this is not the case. On
average you can ______________ reduce your fuel consumption by around 10 percent. While we all have bad driving habits, the
worst culprits when it comes to ______________ the planet are those drivers who constantly punch at the accelerator. Experts also
believe that sensitizing programmes ______________ the importance of car maintenance and driving techniques like correct tyre
pressure will make people more ______________ of the way they drive and thereby safer. Drivers should respect their cars and try
to better understand ______________ they work. Driving with finesse is much better for the planet, drivers and other road users.

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Unit 4 / Life Issues Mr. Ali Tahri 2017/2018

III. GUIDED WRITING

1. Add the necessary articles, pronouns, linkers, relative pronouns, prepositions, verb “to be” and put words in the right
tense or form to get coherent sentences about ‘Global Warming’. (4 marks)
DO NOT CHANGE THE ORDER OF WORDS

a. Global warming / continue increase / the earth's temperature

_______________________________________________________________________________
b. It / often believe / be due / ozone deplete
______________________________________________________________________________________
c. global phenomenon / generally affect areas / ice melts / water
________________________________________________________________________________
d. This issue may danger / exist / pole / specie
______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Use the notes below to develop a four-line paragraph about eco-driving (5 marks)
 Eco-driving : smarter and more fuel-efficient driving.

 Practical ways : (a) regular car maintenance (checking engine oil, checking tyre pressure) (b) Safe driving style (avoid
sudden breaks/ smooth use of gear) (c) new alternative for energy and transport

 ‘if it’s not far, don’t go by car’

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3. Study the following chart and write a 5-line coherent paragraph about 11-year-old children’s obesity in the United
States between 2006 and 2014

17% Possible Causes

16%
15% a. Girls : rarely practise sports / eat too much chocolate
14% and fats / watch TV for hours
13%
12% b. Boys : spend a long time playing games while eating
11% snacks and drinking soda.
10%
200 2014 Male Female
2010
6

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4. Develop the following notes into a coherent paragraph about the reasons why people would prefer country life to city
life. (4 marks)
 Peaceful surroundings: enjoy peace and quiet / noise in the city
 Clean air: open space and fresh air / pollution in the city
 Community life: social virtues of love, neighbourhood and solidarity / moral decline in the city
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