EDTECH – BSES 38 Immediate feedback is given to the

student’s answer.
Microcomputer (commonly known as PC or
personal computer) = a tool for programmed WHEN AND HOW CAN TEACHERS
instruction INTEGRATE DRILLS AND PRACTICE
PROGRAMS WITH THEIR LESSONS?
COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTIONS (CAI)
 Use drill and practice programs for basic
 The computer can be a tutor, in effect, skills and knowledge that require rapid
relieving the teacher of many activities in his or automatic response by the students.
personal role as classroom teacher  Ensure that drill and practice activities
 The computer cannot totally replace the conform to the lesson plan/curriculum.
teacher, since the teacher shall continue to  Limit drill and practice to 20-30 minutes
play the major roles of information deliverer to avoid boredom
and learning environment controller.  Use drill and practice to assist students
with particular weakness in basic skills
THE TEACHER MUST:
THE TUTORIAL SOFTWARE SHOULD BE ABLE
 Ensure that students the needed knowledge
TO:
and skills for any computer activity.
 Decide the appropriate learning objectives.  Can be effectively used for remediation,
 Plan the sequential and structured activities reviewing or enrichment.
to achieve the objectives.  Allow the teacher to introduce follow-up
 Evaluate the students’ achievement by questions to stimulate student’s learning.
ways that test specific expected outcomes.  Permits group activity for cooperative
learning.
STUDENTS IN CAI PLAY THEIR OWN ROLES
AS LEARNERS, AS THEY: SIMULATION PROGRAMS:
 Receive information  These are another kind of software that is
 Understand information for the computer constructivist in nature. These simulation
activity software:
 Retain/keep in mind the information and - Teaches strategies and rules
rules for the computer activity applied to real=life
 Apply the knowledge and knowledge during problem/solution
the process of computer learning - Ask students to make decision
on models or scenarios
THE COMPUTER PLAYS ITS ROLES AS IT: - Allows students to manipulate
elements of a model and get
 Act as a sort of tutor (the role traditionally experience of the effects of their
played by the teachers) decision.
 Provides a learning environment
 Delivers learning instructions INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES:
 Reinforces learning through drill and
practice  While relating to low-level learning
 Provides feedback objectives, instructional computer games
add elements of competition and challenge.
CAI INTEGRATED WITH LESSONS:
PROBLEM-SOLVING SOFTWARE
 CAI computer learning should not stop with
the drill and practice activities of students  These are more sophisticated than the drill
 CAI works best in reinforcing learning and practice exercise and allow student to
through repetitive exercises such that learn and improve on their problem solving
students can practice basic skills and ability. Since problems cannot be solved
knowledge in various subject area simply by memorizing facts, the students
 In these programs, the computer presents a have to employ higher thinking skills such
question/problem first and the students is as logic, recognition, reflection, and
asked to answer the question/problem. strategy-making.
 MULTIMEDIA ENCYCLOPEDIA AND
ELECTRONIC BOOKS:

 MULTIMEDIA ENCYCLOPEDIA can store

a huge database with texts, images,
animation, audio, and audio. Students can
access any desired information, search its
vast contents and even download/print
relevant portions of the data for their
composition or presentation
 ELECTRONIC BOOKS provide textual
information for reading, supplemented by
other types of multimedia information
(sounds, spoken words, pictures,
animation). These are useful for learning
reading, spelling and word skills.

LESSON 11: THE COMPUTER AS THE The Computers Capabilities

TEACHER’S TOOL Given its present-day speed, flexibility and
sophistication, the computer can provide access to
Constructivism was introduced by Piaget information, foster creative social knowledge-building,
(1981) and Brunet (1990).They gave stress t and enhance the communication of the achieved project
knowledge discovery of new package. Without the computer today’s learners may still
meaning/concepts/principles in the learning be assuming the tedious task of low-level information
process. Various strategies have been gathering, building new knowledge packaging. But this is
suggested to foster knowledge discovery, not so, since the modern computer can help teacher-
among these, is making students engaged in and-students to focus on more high level cognitive tasks.
gathering unorganized information from which
they can induce ideas and principles. Students
are also asked to apply discovered knowledge to Based on the two learning theories, the teacher can
new situations, a process for making their employ the computer as a/an:
knowledge applicable to real life situations.

While knowledge is constructed by the individual  An information tool

learner in constructivism, knowledge can also be  A communication tool
socially constructed. Social constructivism is  A constructive tool
an effort to show the construction of knowledge  As co-constructive tool
is governed by social, historical and cultural  A situating tool
contexts. In effect, this is to say that the learner Informative tool. The computer can provide vast
who interprets knowledge has predetermined amounts of information in various forms, such as text,
point of view according to the social graphics, sound, and video. Even multimedia
perspectives of the community or society he encyclopedias are today available on the internet.
lives in. The learner itself provides an enormous database from
The psychologist Vygotsky stressed that which user an access global information resources that
learning is affected by social influences. He includes the latest news, weather forecasts, airline
therefore, suggested the interactive process in schedule, sports development, entertainment news and
learning. The more capable adult (teacher or features has well as educational information directly use
parent) or classmate can aid or complement to learners. The Internet on Education can be sourced
what the learner sees in a given class project. In for kinds of educational resources on the internet.
addition, Dewey sees language as a medium for
school coordination and adaptation. For Dewey
human learning is really human languishing in Along the constructivist’s point of view, it is not enough
that occurs when students socially share, build for learners to download relevant information using the
and agree upon meanings and knowledge. computer as information too. Students can use catered
information for composition or presentation projects as
may be assigned by the teacher. Given the fact that the
internet can serve as a channel for global
communication, the computer can very well be the key
tool for video teleconferencing sessions.
Constructive Tool. The computer itself can be used for users precisely where they are even in broad daylight,
manipulating information, visualizing one’s so classroom use is easy.
understanding, and building new knowledge. The
Microsoft Word computer program itself is desktop
publishing software that allows user to organize and FLASHCARD DELUXE - This is an easy-to-use, yet
present their ideas in attractive formats. powerful and full-featured flashcard app that teachers
Co-constructivist tools. Students can use co- and students can use to study just about anything. The
constructive tools to work cooperatively and construct a app was very popular and highly rated on iOS and is
shared understanding of new knowledge. One way of now available on Android. Users can create flashcards
co-construction is the use it f the electronic whiteboard either on their computers or directly within the app. If
where students may post notices to a shared they don’t want to make their own, they can browse and
document/whiteboard. Students may also cover it the download flashcards from Quizlet.com and Cram.com.
same document from their homes.
MATH HELPER - This universal assistant helps
Situating tool. By means of virtual reality (RS)
students solve mathematical tasks, showing the answer
extension systems, the computer can create 3-D images
as well as a detailed solution. This is not for simple
on display to give the user the feeling that are situated in
math; rather, it is meant to be used in advanced middle-
virtual environment. A flight simulation program is an
and high-school courses. Derivatives, limits, geometric
example of a situating tool which places the user in
shapes, the task of statistics, matrices, systems of
simulated flying environment.
equations and vectors are all covered here.
Multi-User Domains or Dungeons (MUDs), MUD Object-
Oriented (MOOs), and Multi-User Shared Hallucination MY CLASS SCHEDULE - Tremendous for middle- and
(MUSHs) are examples of situating systems. MUDs and high-schoolers, My Class Schedule keeps students’ lives
MOOs are mainly text-based virtual reality environments organized. This app will not only keep students informed
on the internet. When users log on to a MOO about upcoming classes, but also remind them of exams
environment, they may interact with the virtual reality and unfinished homework. The main feature of this app
(such as by writing on a notice board) through simple is its timetable, which shows the schedule for any
text-based commands. A school-to-school or classroom- particular day or week. Additionally, there are many
to-classroom environment is possible whereby the user other helpful features, including a grade overview with
can choose to walk around the campus, talk with other average grades and the ability to automatically mute the
users who are logged to the same site. device during class.

To caution users, the computer as a situating tool is LESSON: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN

news and still undergoing further research and SUPPORT OF STUDENT CENTERED LEARNING
development.

THE TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM

CLASSROOM READY LEARNING TOOL

 Classrooms are arranged in neat columns and

SUPER WHY - Students build reading power with this rows of chair for the students while the teacher
collection of four Super Why interactive literacy games discusses in front.
from PBS Kids. They can play along with each of the
four main characters from the TV series (Alpha Pig,
Princess Presto, Wonder Red and Super Why) while JOHN DEWEY
practicing rhyming, spelling, writing and reading.

 He described traditional learning as a process in

STAR CHART - Students can now have a virtual which teachers pours information to the
planetarium in their pockets. They can look through the learners, much like pouring water from the jug.
eyes of their Android devices to open a virtual window  This method is now called direct instruction.
into the whole visible universe. All they have to do is  A method still in use for developing countries.
point their Android device at the sky, and Star Chart will
tell them exactly what they’re viewing.

Using state-of-the-art GPS technology, an accurate 3D

universe and all of the latest high-tech functionality, Star
Chart calculates—in real time—the current location of
every star and planet visible from Earth. The app shows
THE STUDENT-CENTERED CLASSROOM
  The desire to gain effectiveness, efficiency and  A common goal
economy in administration and instruction,  Interdependence
schools in developed countries adopted the  Interaction
support of ICTs.  Individual accountability
 The students are now active learners who can  Social skills
interact with other learners.
 They demonstrate independence and self-
awareness in the learning process. ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING:

GENERALLY, THE NEW SCHOOL CLASSROOM  Encourages active learning while motivating
ENVIRONMENT IS CHARACTERIZED students.
INDIVIDUALLY OR IN GROUPS:  Increases academic performance/
 Promotes literacy and language skills.
 Improves teacher effectiveness.
 Performing computer word processing for  Enhances Personal and social development
text and graphic presentations. among students.
 Preparing new power point presentations.  Enhance self-esteem
 Searching for information on the internet.  Improves social relations between racially ad
 Brainstorming on ideas, projects and project culturally different students.
plans.
 The teacher facilitating instruction, also
giving individualized instruction to serve
individual needs.

ROLE OF EDUCATORS

Traditional SCL

COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND THE COMPUTER

Instructor (teacher) Facilitator

 Based on the study conducted, researchers

Passive Active agree that the computer is a natural learning
vehicle for cooperative (at times called
promotive) learning.
Teachers and Books Many Sources  Thus, it shows when students work with
computers in groups, they cluster and interact
In SCL, there is a departure from traditional worksheet, with each other for advice and mutual help.
read-and-answer and drill activities. Students no longer  Moreover, given the option to work individually
need to mark the test activities of their peers since the or in a group, the students generally wish to
computer has programs for test evaluation and work together in computer-based and non-
computerized scoring of results. computer based activities.
 Reflecting on this, psychologist think computer
fosters these positive social behaviors because
it has a display monitor – where they look
something in common.
LESSON: COOPERATIVE LEARNING WITH
COMPUTER COMPONENTS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING

What is Cooperative or Collaborative Learning?  Educators are still wary about the computer’s
role in cooperative learning. Thus, they pose the
position that the use of computers do not
 It is learning by small groups of students who automatically result in cooperative learning.
work together in common learning task.  There therefore assign the teacher task in order
 It is also called GROUP LEARNING. to ensure collaborative learning. These are:

5 ELEMENTS NEEDED IN COOPERATIVE - Assigning students to mixed-ability

LEARNING: teams
 - Establishing positive The user can work on-screen pictures (icons) and
interdependence suggestions (menus) to arrive at the desired software.
- Teaching cooperative social skills Windows 95 (now improved with Windows 2003 and
- Ensuring individual accountability 2007) is software designed for Microsoft Windows.
- Helping groups process information

Windows is in itself a self-contained operating system

 There are in addition to assigning a common which provides: User convenience; a new look;
work goal I which each member of the group will Information center; and Plug and play
realize that their group will not succeed unless
everyone contributes to the groups’ success.
 It is also important for the teacher limit learning
group clusters (six is the ideal number in a
group) so there can be closer involvement in
thinking and learning. INSTRUCTIONAL SOFTWARE

LESSON: THE SOFTWARE AS AN EDUCATIONAL Instructional software can be visited on the internet or
RESOURCE can be bought from software shops or dealers. The
teacher through his school should decide on the best
computer-based instructional (CBI) materials for the
HARDWARE: computer equipment and school resource collection.
peripherals, the equipment and devices that make
up a computer system as opposed to the
programs used on it. Guidelines in evaluating Computer-based
educational materials:
SOFTWARE: programs and applications for
computer, programs and applications that can be  Be extremely cautious in using CBIs and ‘free’
run on a computer system, e.g. word processing Internet materials
or database packages.  Don’t be caught up by attractive graphics,
sound, animation, pictures, video clips and
music forgetting their instructional worth
2 Kinds of SOFTWARE:
 Teachers must evaluate these resources
using sound pedagogical principles
The system software - The operating system that is
found or bundled inside all computer machines. Among design and content elements to evaluate
are:
The application software- This contains the system
that commands the particular task or solves a
particular problem.  The text legibility, effective use of color
schemes, attractive layout and design, and
easy navigation from section-to-section (such
In turn the Applications Software may be: as from game to tutorial to drill-and-practice
A custom software that is made for specific tasks section).
often by large corporations, or a commercial software
 Clarity in the explanations and illustrations of
packaged for personal computers that helps with a
variety of tasks. concepts and principles. Accuracy,
coherence, logic of information. Their being
current since data/statistics continually
MICROSOFT WINDOWS
changes.

Microsoft Windows Also referred to as a program,  Relevance/effectiveness in attaining learning

Microsoft Windows or “Windows” for short is an objectives. Absence of biased materials (e.g.
operating environment between the user and the Gender bias or racial bias)
computer operating system. Also called a shell, it is a
layer that creates the way the computer should work.
UNDERSTANDING HYPERMEDIA
Windows uses colorful graphics interface (GUI) that
can be seen on computer screen or monitor whenever
the computer is turned on. CHARACTERISTIC OF HYPERMEDIA
  LEARNER CONTROL
 LEARNER WIDE RANGE OF NAVIGATION
ROUTES
The numbers of internet users are growing every day.
Every now and then, people and companies requiring
its services get many by the minute.

VARIETY OF HYPERMEDIA  The most attractive way to move around the

internet is called browsing. Using a program
called browser.
Hypermedia includes more than one media (text,  The user can use a mouse to point and click
graphics, audio, animation and video clip) but does on screen icons to surf the internet,
not necessarily use all types of media in one particularly in the World Wide Web (the Web),
presentation. Since only virtual learning activity takes an internet, subsets of texts, images, and
place, it is important from the standpoint of the sounds are linked together to allow users to
teacher to optimize the learning process by identifying access data or information needed.
the characteristics of media application, as well as the  The future of internet seems limitless.
advantages and limitation of such an application.

A VIEW OF EDUCATIONAL USES OF INTERNET

LESSON: THE INTERNET AND THE EDUCATION

 Education software materials have also

The internet, shortly termed “net” has become an
developed in sophisticated and appeal.
important part of education as a whole (from
 There is now a wider choice from rote
administrative to actual teaching and learning
arithmetic or grammar lessons to discovery
process).
and innovation projects.
 Today schools are gearing up to take
The Internet is a network of system of many systems. advantage of the internet access, where they
It is not a network, rather, a collection of networks can plug into the library of Congress, make
across the globe form which computers access. virtual visits to the famous museums in the
world, write to celebrities, and even send
questions to head of states.
No one owns the internet:

LESSON 17: EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2

 No central headquarters PRACTICUM
 No centrally offered system
 No comprehensive online index to tell users
what information is available in the system.  Offers students with the experiential process
that promotes the adaptation of technology
integration in the teaching-learning process.
How is everything coordinated through the  It is also a performance phase or student-
internet? centered phase

 This is done through Standardized Protocol THIS IS THE PRCATICUM PHASE CONSIST OF
(set of standardized rules for exchange data) HANDS-ON COMPUTER TUTORIALS AND
 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet REQUIREMENTS SUCH AS:
Protocol (TCP/IP)
 To access to the internet, a computer must
have a server which has software that uses  Computer laboratory or special classroom with
internet. adequate computers for learning.
 Participation of computer lab assistant-to-
assist the learner in the use of computer.
Vast amount of information can be accessed in the  Assigned number of hours base on the
internet, both old and up-to-date information. requirements needed by the course
Browsing is the way of going through the net through
a program called browser.
THREE PRACTICUM PHASE
 1. Basic Microsoft word (6 hours) Therefore, phase is considered as a preparation
which encourages educators to instill learning with the
aid of technology as conformity to the needs of the
- In this practicum phase, the students as far as 21st century is concern.
learner familiarizes the basics of
Microsoft Word by learning how to
use menus and toolbars of the
software.
- It includes creating, formatting,
editing, and saving documents
and printing as well.

2. Microsoft Power Point (6 Hours)

- Tutorial focuses on the

familiarization of fundamentals in
Microsoft power point
presentations.
- The coverage of this phase are:
enhancement of power point
presentation with the use of
graphics, audio or videos, using
templates, presenting and printing
slides.
- This can effectively enhance the
teaching of subjects.

3. Internet as Tool of Inquiry (4 hours)

- Tutorial will facilitate the finding of

sources of information appropriate
to a learning task. It includes
assessing the internet, used of
internet tools and search
techniques.
- Learners can acquire skills in
locating appropriate information,
acquire ability to use internet tools,
gain knowledge of techniques use
and learn the ability to execute
research.

Generally, the practicum phase can be a big

challenge for the learners and educators as the new
age of technology arises.

Integration of technology in the teaching-learning

process is already a need in an educational
institution.

Each practicum phase expect students to know and

understand such task aligned with the use of
technology that can be a guide as they performed
related activities.