Question Answer

law on wrkng dtntion act no. 1533

Basis for grnting GCTA for prisonrs act # 3316
law on prescrption of penalty act # 3326
indtrmnate sntnce law act # 4103
rfrs to intnse emotional feelings abreactions
a form of executve clemncy wc cn b
grntd @ any tym aftr cnvction by d chief
exectve wc exempts d cnvctd prson frm
sufring frm his crmnal liablty wo any
cndtion watsoevr. it s designed for d ff
explain absolute pardon
purposes: 2 do away w d miscariage of
jstce;to rstore ful poltcal & cvil ryts of
prsons hu hav already srved der sntnce
& to kep abreast w curent philosophy n d
admnstration of crmnal jstce system
those dat r deemed ncludd n d
accessory pnlties
imposition of principal pnlties
rfrs 2 d relationship btween d probation
ofcer & d asistant probation ofcers during administrative supervision
d conduct of oprational suprvision
sometyms called d initial clasification
meting, usd 2 plan a prgram 4 & w d
admission clasifcation metin
inmate dircted 2wrds d latter's
rehabilitation
8 s a written compilation made by d staff
regrdng der findings on d prisonr. it s
used by d clasification comitte as a guide
n carrying out d rehabltation program of admission summary
d prisoner n d operating institution. this
s d nucleus of d cumulatve case hstory of
d inmate.
distress of mind o body; dat wc causes
affliction
continuing anguish o sufering
s useful as an explaination of crtain
interprsonal proceses prticulrly n
aggresive
refernce on those vctim types dat Von
Hentig calls d tormentor
it s a gneral pardon 4 ofenses against d
state extnded 2 group of prsons, clases
or sects usualy 2 poltcal ofndrs by
executve clemncy w d concurence of d
explain amnesty
congress. 8s purpose s 2 bring about d
return of dissidents & recalcitrant mmbrs
of our population 2 der homes &
resumption of der lawful pursuits.
sensual gratfication shifts 2 d excretory
function & d control of d sphincter
muscles. accdg to freud d sexual
anal stage
grtfcation, s focused on d elmnation of
body wastes 8 ocurs on d 2nd & 3rd yr of
lyf of an ndvdual
study of mankind, 8s societies & customs anthropology
this s d comanding indvdual hu rsponds
w open hostility o physcal or vrbal asocial aggressive
aggression wen frustratd
ds ndvdual pouts & sulks & reacts w
passivty complaining o withdrawng wen asocial passive
frustratd
group vengeance as a jstfcation of
punishmnt s exactd vsbly 4 d purpose of
atonement
appeasing d social group. also called
expiation
8 s d forerunners of modrn corectional
systm werin dey confine d prisonrs n
auburn system
single cels @ nyt but alow dem 2 work n
congregate shops durng d day
d coupling of a previously desirble
stimulus w an extremely painful o
undesirable condtiond respnse, as avrsive theraphy
coupling alcohol w chemcaly nduced
vomiting
8s s a multi prty contrct nvolving d state,
d accused & d surety & under wc d latter
bail bond
guarantees d state dat d accused wil
apear n subsequent proocedings
an early form of penalty werin d convctd
ofender s transfered 2 anader place & banishment
canot return, a procedure similar 2 exile
a proces by wc a prison inmate obtains
wealth, influence & power by means of baroning
selling tobacco
a documnt wc calls atention of inmates 4
crtain msconduct or positve traits behavior report
manifestd wyl srving sntnce
a stratgy of behavior chnge dat focuses
on bhavior, 8s causes, & 8s
consequences rather dan on intrnal or
behavior theraphy
indrect "causes" based primarly on
learning theory. also caled as behavior
modification.
from d 13th to d early 19th centuries,
clemncy shown to clergy guilty of cryms
benefit of clergy
& extnded eventualy 2 any ofendr hu cud
read
d separation of d guilt dtrmnation
process from d sentnce-dtermnation bifurcated process
process n d crmnal court system
slang for penitentiary big school
a van used to transport prisoners,
black maria
paddy-wagon
dat component of an organization dat
deals w d extrnal environmnt of d boundery subsystem
organization
a complex organization chrcterized by a
specialization of labor, a heirarchy of
bureaucracy
ofices described by rule, & recruitment &
promotion prctces based on merit
d institutional record of an inmate wc
consists of his comitment ordr, d
prosecutor's information & d decision of carpeta
d trial court, including d appellate court,
f any.
n corectional work includes d
professional servces rndred by
profesionaly trained prsonel n d casework
description & social treatment of
ofenders
a prson or group responsble for helping a
client 2 undrtake planned changes n
change agent
behavior or situation. often a
professional, outside consultant
d pairing of an initialy neutral stimulus w
a conditioned respnse thru d repetitive
wat s classical conditioning?
association of d condtioned stimulus w
an uncondtioned stimulus
a method placing prisoners nto type of
categories by wc diagnosis treatment
clasifcation
planning & execution of treatment
program r coordinated n d indvidual case
comite wc carries out d treatment &
clasifcation cmitte
training plan of d prisoner
for those incorrigible prisoners wen lyter close confinement
punishmnt has been proven 2 b
ineffectual d use of bartolina or solitary
confinement s jstfied wen a foreseen
danger 2 d convct o aders r apparent
develop their initiatves, learn 2 accept
responsiblties improve their education &
club actvties
keep abreast w wat s going on d
communty
analysis of treatmnt n corrections, crucial
issues sometyms do not get d emphasis coercion system
dey desrve
a writ issued by d court ordering d
confinement of prson so named n penal comitment order
institutions
give priority 2 rational process n learning cognitive system
s a tool or important elemnt n discipline communication
a formal group or association organized
community agencies
to promote social or indvidual welfare
servces & programs associatd w
probation, parole, or ader types of sommunty field services
comunty corectional programs
a group of probation or parole staff
providing srvces dat focus on d hard or
"normative" needs of ofndrs rather dan
on their psychologcal problems. includes community resource management team
teaming of specialized oficers on cases &
d provision of supportive srvces 2 clients
2 improve access 2 programs.
8 s d change n d decision of d court
made by d president by reducing d dgree
of pnalty inflictd upon d convct, or by
commutation
reducing d length of imprisonmnt or
amount of fine imposed by d court n d
verdict of cnvction
1. to break d rigidity of d law
wat r d purposes of comutation of 2. to extend d benefits of parole 2 those
sentnce? not entitled to it & to save lives of prson
sentnced 2 suffer d capital punishment.
1. wen d convcted prson sentnced 2
death s over 70 yrs of age
wen shud commutation of sentence b 2. wen der s failure to obtain d vote or
given automatically? affirmation of 8 justices of d supreme
court en banc n both cases d degree of
penalty s reduced 2 reclusion perpetua
an early practice werby d accused
swears an oath of innocence back-up by
compurgation
a group of oath helpers hu wud attest to
his character & claim of innocence.
8 serves for d purpose of releasing
rehabilitatd & reformed convicts hu r not
eligible for parole. a condtional pardon
delivred & aceptd s considred as a social
contract between d convict & d sovereign
explain conditional pardon
power of d exectve dat d later wl release
d 4mr,n d grntng of cndtional prdon d
cndtion usualy imposed upon d cnvct s
dat,he shal not comit any felony or
violate d penal laws of d philippines
a variety of social theories based on d
assumption of class conflict n wc conflict
conflict theory
s seen as d inevitable result of unequal
power distribution
method undertaken to allow prisoners
opportunity for normal sex life w legal conjugal visit
spouse
a condition n wc prison inmates kept
2gether wo any atempt 2 divide them d
involvemnt w crime, wud trnsmit to each contagion
ader means & techniques to commit
further crimes once outside of prison.
structurng bhavior thru operant
condtioning, as w token economy contingency management program
programs.
anything wc s prohibited undr rules &
regulations, such as jewelry, deadly contraband
weapons & dangerous drugs
physcal injuries inflictd on d body of d
prson, d ofendr s inflctd w penalties such
corporal punishment
as mutilation, disfiguration, flogging &
maiming.
defined as d community reaction to a
correction
convicted offender
indvdual counseling & casework servces r
made available 2 d prisoner & his family
correctional agency referals
from d time of arrest 2 d time of release
from legal control.
8 s d only penal institution for women &
1931
was established n ---?
CIW s on --- hectare lot 18
CIW s located n? mandaluyong, rizal
CIW s established by virtue of act #---- act # 3579
mainly composed of women & only those
who man d CIW?
assigned for securty r male.
dressmaking, handicrafts, beauty
culture, slipper making, embroidery &
wat vocational courses r offered n CIW?
candle making r ofered 2 interestd
inmates
ds dvision s vsted w d responsblty of
research & planning of treatmnt of d
inmates based on indvidual crcumstnces correctional program management
& widely accepted methods of
reformation.
ds s a mild form of punishmnt for minor
infractions but r ineffectve for d convcts
counsel & reprimand
hu r known not to comply w rules &
regulations
s a process of establishing a coopratve
relationship & den using dat interprsonal
counselling
intraction 2 help d client learn his or her
desired appropriate behavior.
nvestgation cnductd by anader probation
oficer n behalf of d probation oficer on courtesy invstgation
case of d petitioner
undrtakn by d anader probation ofice n
case a temporary chnge of residnce &
wen control & suprvision of d probationer
courtesy supervision
r not trnsfered by d executve jdge &
CPPO rspctvely of d jrsdction wer
probationer resides
term of d ideology of crmnal jstce dat
emphasizd sped & eficiency of
prosecution & d presumption of factual crime-control model
guilt as imprtnt mechanisms n d
maintenance of social ordr
d process of invstgating aresting,
chrging, prosecuting, sentncing, & crmnal process
punishing
ds s d juvenile hu identifies strongly w
his delinquent peers & who considers cultural conformist
himself tough.
responds 2 identfcation w a deviant
value system by living out hs delinquent cultural identifier
beliefs.
a psychologcal & social dsruption
experienced by a prson suddenly placed culture shock
n an unfamiliar culture
starts from d admision report of
indvidual inmates 2 his bhavior &
cumulative case summary
response 2 treatment programs & serves
as d basis n granting parole
play a role n choosing d type of custody
custodial correctional officer
of d prisoners. dey refr 2 prison guards
8 handles mattrs prtaining securty of d
institution & custody of d prisoners,
custodial division
handled by d assistant superintendent or
assistant warden
s defined as penal safe-keeping includes
custody
measures & actvties.
d # of crimes comited dat r unreportd to
dark figure
police
who founded d davao prison & penal general paulino santos hu was d director
farm? of prisons d davao penal colony
davao penal colony was established on? january 21, 1932
davao penal colony was established n
act 3732 & proc # 414 series of 1931
compliance w?
d colony maintains a medium & minimum
securty faclty & its separate RDC. d
colony s divided into two sub-colonies
namely d PANABO & KAPALONG sub-
colony. C houses d largest abaca
plantation n d PH, & it s d largest income
explain Davao Prison & Penal Farm
earner for d bureau of corrections. a
banana plantation wc sits n a 3000 hctre
lot s maintained undr a joint venture w
TAGUM DEVLPMT COMPANY. 8 also
operates d tanglaw settlement wc s
resrved for released colonist inmates.
a sntnce to prison for wc d date of
release s known on d day dat d sentnce s definite sentnce
rendred
1 wc charactrizes many groups n wc d 2
phases of d social structure r not highly deinstitutionalization
integrated
a prson who merely comited an act not
delinquent
in conformity w d norms of society
d process of remving anxiety inducing
desensitization
qualities of a feared object or situation
r those wo judgement & r not required 2
work but only required 2 work but only
detention prisoner
reqired 2 polish themselves for hygienic
or sanitary purposes
n RA ____ a detention prisoner shud
manifest n writing hs intention to work &
f prmited he wud b entitled for full credit
for tym spent n jail wyl undr trial.
RA6127
aderwise, 4/5 credt for tym spent n jail
shal b given n case he s convicted by
final judgemnt & wud b deductd from hs
jail or prison srvce
a prson detained for violtion of law or
detainee
ordnnce & has not yet been cnvcted
a jstfcation of pnshmnt basd on d belief
dat d ofndr wen punishd & inflictd w
sufering wud learn d lessons d hard
explain deterence
way.beneficial 2 society on d ground dat
adrs know dat crimes do not pay & wud
learn of d efects of violations of laws.
study of prsonality of indvduals of a
diagnosis
prson
specialized srvice designed 2 examne
new inmates of a big correction system
"RDC"
penal system's implementation or diversification
segregation
process of reducing an ofndr's
penetration nto d crmnal justce system,
diversion
@ any of its decision points, by
establishing a new or alternatve path
a rule, principle, theory of law doctrine
conflicts over resources, mission,
responsibilities, or markets among domain conflict
several organizations.
s a legal concept reflecting concern w d
utilization of correct legal procedures n d due process
detrmnation of an individual's guilt
term for d ideology of crmnal justce dat
assumes dat d crmnal sanctions s d most
severe sanction n a free society &,
derfore, dat prosecution shud include a due process model
variety of safeguards, such as jdicial fact
finding & d presumption of legal
innocence
d study of how social & geographic
arrangements corelatd w crime & ecological approach
deviance
part of d admisions comite hu dtermines
d educational stregth & weaknesses of d educational oficer or counselor
indvdual
d most important program dat aides n d
educational program
rehabilitation of prisoners
administrative code of 1987 eo # 292
EVALUATION-assessment of d ofenders
prsonality, including a description of his
ESCAPE PRONE PRISONER-a prisonr
customary bhavior,prtculrly undr stress &
having d natural inclination 2 evade
evaluation of hs prsonal strengths &
custody against d will of d custodian or
weakneses or special problems n terms
from d place wer he s held n lawful
of d proposed treatmnt,analysis or hs
confinement
current environmntal demand on him &
supports for him.
state s acting & out of 8s benevolence. ex gratia
constantly motivate his staff & personnel
& drive dem to prform @ der best.
responsiblty of a warden n seeing 2 it executive leadership
dat he continually motivates hs staff &
personnel 2 prform @ der best.
ds s a method of helping parolees by wc
executive techniques
d people office perform referral services
s a philosophy dat emphasizes dat
importnce of man's existnce & self
existentialism
determnative faculty & d meaning dat
life has for him
knowldge of common situations &
experience
problems confronting offenders
process of extinguishing a condtioned
response by uncoupling d unconditioned extinction
& conditioned stimuli
d inaccurate prediction or diagnosis dat a
prson has a condition or tendency wen n false positive
fact he o she does not.
monetary sanction for a crmnal ofense, d
most frequent sanction in US, but usually fine
minor ofenses
congregation of prison oficials n
Cincinnati n 1870 resulting n declaration
First National Prison Congress
of princples aimed @ d rehablitation of
ofendrs
fixed asignmnt of manpower may not
involve consderation of competnce or
fixed or revolving assignmen
desire. required specialization s prncple
for making assignments permanent.
prison trm n wc der s no discretionary
release date. similar to a definite flat term
sentnce.
rfrs 2 d process of inter-organizational
behavior n wc 2 or more organizations
solidify their relations w each ader by formalization
increasing awareness, agreeing on
domain engaging n joint programs.
derives from d inaccessibilty of efectve
institutional attaining economic or any frustration
ader type of highly valued success.
social developmnts r evaluatd on d basis
of der capacty 2 promote or 2 negate functionalism
society harmony
temporary release on jail or prison.
typicaly for a day, weekend, or holiday
or for special visits such as job test or furlough
interview or family crises, often part of d
pre-release program.
d feeling of an immediate release from d
penitentiary & d feeling of uncertainty n
gate fever
d part of d suppose parolee @ d ebb of
his release to d community.
s characterized by prsons of
homogeneous atributes similar to those gemeinscaft pattern
providing for mechanical solidarity.
wen respnse 2 a prticular conditioned
stimulus s also produced by similar generalization
stimuli.
s characterized by prsons having
heterogeneous attributes, interact w
each ader n an impersonal manner & do gesellschaft configuration
not associate d welfare of d group w
their own.
golden age of penology d period covering 1870 to 1880
1. d orgnzation of d natl. prison assoc n
1870, nor refred to as American
Correctional Association; The
international prison congress was held n
wat s d highlyts of d golden age of 1872. 2. it srves as a forum atended by
penology? representatves frm difernt countries
werin improvmnt 2 prison systems wer
tackled n d assemble every 5 yrs
3. elmira reformatory was established on
1876 "forerunner n modern penology"
a jury typically of 23 prsons, composing
a panel for d duration of a court session
grand jury
or for special investigations wc detrmnes
d guilt of d accused
a method of searching d prisoner for
possession of contrabands inside d greyhound operations
prisoner cells & compound.
modeled aftr group theraphy, a process
of placing clients n groups as means of group counselling
discussing & solving mutual problems.
d technique & proces of clinical theraphy
for indviduals who meet n small groups group psychotheraphy
w d theraphist
refrs 2 a mmber of custodial force of a
guard
prison
8 s d responsblty of d parole oficer 2
home placement
help find a foster home for d parolee.
d most persistent problem n almost ol
prison facilities wc contribute 2 failure of idleness
reformation programs.
hyphothesis wc associates types of
deviance & types of control w stages n d I-level theory
life cycle
s sentnce to prison n wc release date s
under d discretionary control of a release indefinite sentence
board
a sentnce of imprisonmnt for d maximum
period define by law subjct 2 d
termination by d parole board @ anytym
indeterminate sentence
aftr srvce of d minimum period. 8 s one
w minimum & maximum periods of
imprisonment.
formal chrging of a defendant by a grand
indictment
jury
undrtaken 2 minimize d anxiety of d
individual counseling
ofender n returning 2 d free society
8 s based upon d ryt of d client 2 b
treated not just as any human being but
individualization
as this particular being w his own unique
personal diferences.
reassuring proof of d probation officers
sincerely in wanting to help d initial interview
probationer.
as der s too much 2 inspect individually,
sampling must b used. it shud extend d
inspectional techniques
study of records on d tyme spent on
cols.
prestige of d source of a crmnal or anti-
criminal pattern & w emotional reactions intensity
related 2 d associations.
interaction among 2 or more
inter-organizational behavio
independent organizations.
crofton system of rewrding inmates w
marks a sufficient accumulation of wc
explain irish system
lead to release prior 2 expiration of
sentnce
estblished for incorrigibles or those
prisonrs beyond reform, ds institution
has no walls & s considred as one of d
explain what s Iwahig Prison & Penal best open institution n d world. ds s due
Farm 2 d fact dat der s little or no suprvision
@ ol & trust & confidnce btwen penal
prsonnel & d convcts. 36000 hctare lot
dvded nto 4 subcolonies
1. sta lucia
2. inagawan
3. montible
wat r d 4 subcolonies of d Iwahig Prison 4. central.
& Penal Farm?
*a 1000 hctare re-settlemnt s dedcatd
for dsrving convicts hu desire 2 live der &
given homestead lots.
emphasized dat punishment has a
jusean christian theory
redemptive purpose
8 s a device for modifying d severity of d
law wc was a temporary
w/holding/widrawing of a sntnce for an
judicial reprieve
interval of tym & to give room 2 apply 2
d crown for either an absolute or
cndtional pardon.
existnce of ader discreditd methods of
kangaroo courts
discipline.
a theory orgnating w howard becker dat
emphasized d self4fulfiling prophecy n
explain labelling theory deviance procesing dat deviants behave
n acordnce w d labels dey r gven n d
judgemntal process
der r no sexual conflicts because sexual
latency stage
feelings r not dominant
functions or consequences of social latent functions
groups dat r unintended but r d by-
products of social interactions.
basis for exempting law violators from
m'naghten case
their crmnal liablty by reason of insanity
ol jdicial oficrs empowred 2 judge weder
der s probable cause 2 arrest, & hu @ d
magistrate
initial appearnce sets bail & informs
defendants of der ryts.
dat component of complex orgs wc
maintains internal structure &
maintenance sub-system
procedures n order 2 assure dat d work
of d organization s done.
a release from prison required by d
statute wer an inmate has been confined
mandatory release
for a tym period equal 2 his or her full
sentnce
r ways of helping d parolee by altering hs
environmental cndtions go as 2 being out
manipulative technique
satisfactorily social adjustment n d
indvdual
s d one hu attempts 2 subvert or
undermine d power of d authority figure manipulator
or attempts 2 arrogate it to himself.
given to probationer's needing moderate
attention & requiring twice-a-month ofice medium supervision
reporting.
wat s d color of d plan card tab for d
yellow
medium supervision probationer?
utilized instead of walls d structures s
created for prisoners housed n medium security facility
dormitories.
a term wc designates those people
whose gnral intelectual functioning s mental retardate
below wat considred 2 b normal
2 keep civilians away & not creatd for
purpose of preventing escapes of d minimum security
convicts
probationer's needing minimal attention
& requiring not mor dan once-a-month minimum supervision
office reporting.
wat s d color og d plan card for minimum
green
supervision probationer?
written report detailing prtcular inmate &
d violations incurred w reference 2 d rule misconduct report
bok
usually any state of federal crime for wc
d punishment s one year or less served n misdemeanor
a country jail of federal institutions
a warrant issued by d court bearing 8s
seal & d signature of d judge directing a
correctional faclty 2 receive d convicted mittimus
ofender for service of sentence imposed
derin
derives 8s belief on d biological
inheritance of man influenced by d
modern clinical school
conditions wc he was developed as well
as his experience n life
mental condition of individuals or groups
regarding courage, zeal, hope &
moral
confidence n d present principles & way
of life
persons convcted 2 serve a period of
municipal prisoners
imprisonment of not mor dan 6 months
d employmnT of a negatv stimulus "such
as punishment o rmoval of rewrd" for
negative reinforcement
undesirble bhavior rather dan rewrding
desired behavior
resorts 2 diversionary tactics 2 distract
himself & aders from hs feelings of neurotic acting out
inadequacy rejction or self-condemnation
responds w symptoms of emotional
disturbnce 2 conflict produced by feelings neurotic anxious
of inadequacy & guilt
d policemen r not inclined 2 sympathize
w protest & nonconformity & he shud b
neutral attitudes
prevented from punishing d group for d
breach of individuals
due 4 increasing # of convicts being
housed @ d Bilibid Prison n AZCARRAGA
purpose of establishing d NBP
"recto" & der was a need to build a larger
plant away from d city
1. bukang liwayway-for minimum
wat r d 2 sattelite institutions of NBP? security
2. camp sampaguita
Bilibid prison s orgnaly built for? faclty for a training school for boys
d BILIBID s tranfered from ----- to ---- manila to muntinlupa, rizal
Bilibid prison was first constructed n
_____ & d transfer of prisoners wer 1936
conducted before d outbreak of WWII
NBP S MAINLY FOR A MAXIMUM
SECURTY FACILITY WC BECAME D CENtr
for incarceration of convicts from ol over
d PH, 8 was designed 2 house a
3000
maximum of ____ prisoners but due 2
lack of faclties d prison was utilized 2
house a greatr # of prisonrs dan dat
intended.
NBP was established n ---- 1956
refrs to d prevailing standard, d
normal
dominant mode or average
subjctve preconceptions often give
distortd from 2 mental images. d person
observation distortions
who s different may b invalidly seen as d
potential lawbreaker.
penal facilities usually constructed wo
open institution
fence
refrs 2 d joint processes dat take
between d probation oficer & probationer
operational supervision
from d tym probation s grantd until 8 s
termnated
8 s charactrized by oral gratfcation, dat s
d child mouth becomes d primary source oral stage
of sensual satisfaction
ds s d initial contract of d prisoner w d
center & s deemed meaningful 2wards d orientation procedure
aim 2 reform him
an org claimed or actual environmental
niche, as designatd by 8s mission, claim
on resources, extent of clients or organizational domain
consumrs, share of market & ader
indicators
a fact must b observed a treaty must b
pacta sunt servanda
honored
an act of grace & a sovereign power
inherent n d state, wc exempts d
individual from d punishment, wc d law
imposes for a crime. exempting d
explain pardon indvdual on whom 8 s bestowed from d
punishment d law inflicts 2 d crime he
has comited. ds s a privilege & only
vested w/n d powers of d chief executve
& not subjct 2 judcial review.
explain parole s a condtional release aftr d prisoner has
served d minimum sentnce of
 imprisonment imposed by law. or release
of an incarceratd ofendr 2 supervision
prior 2 expiration of a maximum term.
word of honor parole d honeur
8 s insufficient 2 restrain d wicked by
parum est coercere improbos poena nici
punishing unless u rendr dem virtuous
probos efficias discipline
by corectve discipline
a term used by Glaser 2 represent parole
oficers hu hav a low emphasis on both passive agent
assistance & control of parolees
a medical term wc indicates d presence
pathology
of disease
8 concists of d reparation of damage
caused, indemfcation of d consequential
pecuniary liabilities
damages, fine & cost of proceedings;
imposed upon prsons hu r crmnally liable
wat s d law dat established regional
PD28
prisons?
refers to adult probation law PD968
penal code of emperor hammurabi n
babylonia, 1990BC rgrded as d earliest
explain d hammurabi code
known explicit codes of crime & penalty
or first written criminal code