the muscles of his body for him to be said technically

proficient.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND HEALTH
DESIGN- it refers to the arrangement of movements
according to pattern in time (either fast or slow) and
ELEMENTS OF DANCE space (one’s position in relation to his background)

BODY – the dancer’s instrument of expression. It can be PROPERTIES and COSTUME- these contribute to the
used to take internal emotions and different body parts visual effect of dance. The costumes can somehow relate
can be used to create shapes and emphasize movement closely to the beliefs and environment of people
when moving. It can be asymmetrical, symmetrical,
CHOREOGRAPHY- it is the art of composing dances; the
moving, not moving, etc.
movements and patterns of a dance composition
ACTION- the movement that the dancers perform and it
is how the dancers move. It includes small movements
like facial expressions or gestures and can be larger PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE
movements like lifts.
o Folk dancing is the oldest form of dance probably
Movement can be divided into two categories: one of the earliest forms of communication.
o Folk dance, which is also the expression of
Non-locomotor or axial movement- any movement that
oneself, is an expression through patterned
occurs in one spot including a bend, stretch, swing, rise
movements.
fall, shake, turn, rock, tip, suspend, and twist.
o Folk dance may be defined as the traditional
Locomotor movement- any movement that travels dance of a given country which evolved naturally
through space including a run, jump, walk, slide, hop, and spontaneously with everyday activities, e.g.
skip, somersault, leap, crawl, gallop, and roll. occupations, customs, festivals, rituals, and
innumerable themes common to all people
SPACE- it is where the dancers move and the movement everywhere.
or action of dance takes place. It includes level, direction,
size, place, focus and can be explored by variety of way. Characteristics of Philippine Folk Dances

TIME- it is when a dancer moves. The speed of movement, 1. As rule, dances begin and end with a saludo. A
fast or slow, should perfectly aligned with time. Perfect saludo is a three-step-turn in place and a bow to
timing is very important in dancing to make your either partner or audience.
movements appear more relaxed and natural.
2. In general, dancers are far apart. A distance of
ENERGY- it is how the movement happens. It is the about 6-8 feet from each other is normal.
representation of the quality of movement which can tell
3. There is very little, if any, body contact although
about the meaning of the dance. It can be sharp, strong,
holding hands is common.
soft, powerful, or rich.
4. Most of the dances are done in pairs. Hand
Features of Dance
movements play a very important role.
MUSIC- it is closely related to dance for it plays significant
5. Most of our dances are done in long formation.
role in it. It is used as accompaniment that somehow
motivates the dancer’s movement. 6. Our dances are performed by both young and old
and by both sexes.
MOVEMENT- it refers to action of dances with the use of
their bodies to create organized patterns

THEME- it pertains to the content or main ingredient of

the dance. It actually conveys the message of the dance

TECHNIQUES- it refers to the skill in executing movement.

As a dancer, one needs to have a complete control over
Five Major Classification of Philippine Folk Dance Pandanggo:
Pandanggo sa Ilaw – A dance from Mindoro using
1. Cordillera Dances
tinghoy or oil lamps placed on the top of the head
→The Cordillera groups composed of the
and on each hand
Bontocs, Ifugao, Benguet, Apayao, Kalinga, Itneg,
Balse:
Ilonggot, and Gaddang (BIBAKIIG) have their own
Cariñosa – the famous national dance of the
unique customs and traditions reflected in their
Philippines depicting the character of Filipina
dances.
maiden’s modesty and humility
→ Most of the dances are reflections of daily
Habanera:
living.
Habanera Botolena- A dance which was
→ They used metal gongs called ganza and other
supposedly performed in the earlier days I honor
percussive instruments to accompany the dances
of a departing priest. Later on it became a dance
during rituals, festivities, and other social
performed during social gatherings in Botolan,
gatherings.
Zambales.
Example of Dances among Cordillera Groups
Bontoc:
3. Dances of the Muslim Groups/Muslim Dances
Pattong – A war dance depicting a mock fight of
• Down in the southern part of the country are
two warriors.
the Muslim groups. The ethnic groups are the
Kalinga:
Maranao, Maguindanao, Tausug, Yakan, Samal,
Pattong- A dance of revenge vowed for death of
Java Mapun, and Badjao,
the slain warrior
• The dances performed by these groups
Ragragsakan- A work-dance of Kalinga women
describe the everyday living of the people.
where they carry basket on their heads
• Common to their dances are the use of fingers
Itneg:
to express feelings and emotions.
Idudu- A dance where the men lull their babies to
• Some believe that Muslim dances are
sleep while the women till the fields and process
influenced by Malays and Indonesians due to
the harvest
their geographical setting.
•They mirror the character and colourful culture
2. Western Influenced Dances/Spanish Influenced
of Muslims as seen in their discrete expression
Dances
and brightly colored silk costume
→ When the Spaniards came to the Philippines in
Example of Muslim Dances
the 16th century, they brought with them the
Maranao:
Spanish religion and European arts and culture.
Singkil- A Maranao dance derived from the
The native religion and culture slowly gave way to
sounds of the bell anklets worn by the Princess as
Christianity and Western civilization. The natives
she leaps in and out of the criss-crossed bamboo
started to lose most of their ancient traditions in
poles.
the literary, visual, and performing arts. In no
Tausug:
time, dances from Spain, France, and other
Sua-ku-Sua – A dance from Jolo, Sulu with an
European countries, such as the jota, balse,
influence of Chinese movements meaning “my
pandanggo, habanera, escotis, mazurka, paseo,
Pomelo tree”
marcia, and paso doble were adopted and
adapted to the tastes and needs of a colonial
4. Tribal & Indigenous Dances/Ethnic Dances
society and the conditions of a tropical
→ These dances are of tribal origin. They reflect
archipelago.
the culture and ways of a specific tribal group in
Examples of Dances with Western Influenced
any point of the country. They may be from
Jota:
Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
Jota Cagayana – A lovely dance which is an
→ These tribal groups are the Bukidnons,
adaptation from the Spanish Jota performed by
Bagobo, Manobo, Tiboli or Tagabili, Tagbanua.
the early Spanish settlers in the Cagayan Valley
Mansaka, Mandaya, B’laan, Tagakaolo and
Tiruray.
 are: Carinosa, Kuratsa, Balitaw, Rigodon, Pandanggo, and
Surtido.
Examples of Tribal Dances
1.2 Local or Regional Dances - these are dances found in
Bukidnon:
certain localities or regions only. Examples are: Esperanza
Dugso – A dance by women commonly wearing a bell (Nabua, Camarines Sur), Alcampor (Leyte), Rogella (La
anklets done during thanksgiving for driving away bad Union), Maglalatik (San Pablo, Quezon) and Biniganbigat
spirits (Abra).

Tagbanua: 2. Nature

Pagdiwata- A ceremonial rite performed during bilug (full 2.1 Occupational Dances - depicting action of certain
moon) for the purpose of healing the sick, imploring or in occupation, industry or human labor. Examples: Planting,
thanksgiving for a good and bountiful harvest Harvesting Pounding, Winnowing, Pabirik,
Mananguete,etc
Higaonon:
2.2 Religious or Ceremonial Dances - performed in
Binaylan-banog – A typical dance of the Higaonons connection with religious vows and ceremonies.
depicting a mother hen and her chicks being attacked by Examples: Dugsu, Sua-ku-Sua, Putong, Sta Clarang
a ferocious hawk Pinong-pino,
5. Rural Dances 2.3 Comic Dances - depicting funny movements for
→ These are dances that typically characterized entertainment. Examples: Makonggo, Kineton.
the nature and kind of work of the people.
→ Commonly performed by ordinary groups of 2.4 Game Dances - with play elements (dance mixers)
people depicting daily activities. Examples: Pabo, Sineñalan, and Lubi - Lubi
→ They wear peasant – occupational costumes
2.5 Courtship Dances - depicting love making. Examples:
but reflect in their movements activities of
Hele-Hele, Bago Quire, Maramion, Tadek, Daling-Daling,
fishing, farming, courtship and merrymaking.
Rogelia, Lulay.
Some mimic movements of animals like birds, fish
and others. 2.6 Wedding Dances - performed during wedding feast.
Examples: Pandang-Pandang Soryano and Pantomina.
Examples of Rural Dances
2.7 Festival Dances - suitable for special occasion or any
Binasuan – a dance which requires a skill in balancing
social gathering, Examples. Kuratsa, La Jota, Pandanggo,
glasses of wine on the top of the head and on each hand
Surtido.
Maglalatik – a playful dance of young men beating
2.8 War Dances - showing imaginary combat or duel.
coconut shells, reflective of a mock battle over the “latik”
Examples: Sagayan, Palu-Palo,
or coconut residue

Tinikling- derived from the long-legged Philippine bird

called “tikling” trapped from the bamboo poles Common Dance Terms
1. Arms In Lateral Position - both arms are at one side,
Subli – a dance from the province of Batangas that reveals
either right or left, at shoulder, chest, or waist level.
the reverence given by the performers to a wooden cross
2. Brush - weight on one foot, hit the floor with the ball
or heel of the other foot, and lift3
that foot from the floor to any direction.
Classification of Philippine Folk Dances
3. Bilao - to turn palms of hands up and down
1. Geography alternately, hands at waist level in front, elbows close to
waist.
1.1 National Dances - These are the traditional dances
4. Clockwise - like the motion of the hands of the clock.
throughout the Philippines with a common basic
R shoulder is toward the center of an imaginary circle.
movement or pattern but with light variation. Examples
5. Counterclockwise - the reverse direction of clockwise, 24. Tap - to tap slightly with the ball or toe of the free
L shoulders toward the center. Movement is toward right foot keeping weight of the body on the other foot. There
when facing center of circle. is no transfer of weight.
6. Crossed Arms - Partners facing each other or standing
side by side join their L hands together and the R hands
together; either R over L or L over R hands.
7. Cut - to displace quickly one foot with the other. ETHNIC DANCES
8. Do- si- do (Dos-a-Dos) - Partners advance forward,
This is a dance that is indigenous to a certain race or
pass each other's right (or left) side, step across to the
right (or left) move backwards without turning around, country. The term ethnic is used to distinguish religious
pass each other left (or right) side to proper places. dances, and designed as hymns of praise to a god, or to
9. Free Foot - the foot not bearing the weight of the bring on good fortune in peace and war. They are
body. symbolic in meaning that can’t be understood easily by
persons who don’t belong to the ethnic group.
10. Free Hand - the hand not placed anywhere, or not
doing anything. Types of Ethnic Dance
11. Hayon - Hayon - to place one forearm in front and
the other at the back of the waist. Ritual Dance – which connect the material world to the
spiritual
12. Hop - a spring from one foot landing on the same
foot in place or in any direction. Life-cycle Dance – which celebrate an individual’s birth,
13. Jaleo - partners turn around clockwise (with R baptism, courtship, wedding, and demise
elbows almost touching) or counter clockwise (with L
elbows touching) using walking or any kind of dance Occupational Dance – which transform defense and
step. livelihood activities to celebratory performances
14. Jump - a spring on one foot or both feet landing on Examples of Ethnic Dances:
both feet in any direction.
15. Kumintang - moving the hand from the wrist either RITUAL DANCE
in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. *DUGSO (BUKIDNON) -The Dugso shows the Higaonon
16. Leap - spring from one foot, landing on the other performing the ritual of hinaklaran wherein the men and
foot in any direction. womeshold hands while moving around in measured
17. Pivot- to turn with the ball, heel, or whole foot; on steps named alter a peculiar body movement. The
fixed place or point. women are also dressed in colorful dresses and panikas
18. Point- touch the floor lightly with the toes of one or feathered combs full of colorful yarns, mirrors, beads
foot, weight of the body on the other foot. and gold spangles.
19. Salok - swinging the arm downward - upward
passing in front of the body as if scooping; the trunk is *PAGDIDIWATA (PALAWAN) -Pagdiwata is a dance
bent forward following the movement of the arm doing originating from the Tagbanua tribe of Palawan which
the salok. depicts rituals after a rice harvest. These rites are held as
20. Saludo - partners with feet together bow to each part thanksgiving and part an appeal for continued
other, to the audience, opposite dancers, or the protection.
neighbors. LIFE-CYCLE DANCE
21. Sarok - cross the R (or L) foot in front of the L (or R)
bend the body slightly forward and cross the hands *SALIP (APAYAO) -celebrate important events in life such
down in front with the R (or L) hand over the L (or R). wedding. A Kalinga wedding dance is an important
22. Slide - to glide foot smoothly along the floor. celebration. The bridegroom offers the bride the
24. Stamp - to bring the foot forcibly and noisily on the protection and comfort of his blanket. He simulates the
floor. movements of a rooster at love play, aspiring to attract
and seize his love. The bride's friends are ready to help
23. Step - to advance or recede by moving one foot to
another resting place with a complete transfer of weight prepare the bride by offering "bangas" (earthen pots)
from one foot to another. filled with fresh water from the mountain spring
*BINASUAN (PANGASINAN) -Filipino folk dance that Nature and Characteristics:
involves dancers balancing glasses of wine on their heads
 It is freestyle in nature and maybe practiced in either a
and the palms of their hands
dance studio or in an open space outdoor.
OCCUPATIONAL DANCE
 It consists of four fundamental characteristics such as
*Mananagat (Cebu) -occupational dance which rapping (MCing); Disc jockeying (DJing); Break dancing (B-
originated from Bogo, Cebu. This dance imitates the work boying); and Graffiti Art (Aerosol Art).
of a, fisherman and his companions
 It has several styles that comprise two main categories,
the Old school (breaking, popping, and locking) and the
New school (house, krumping, street jazz).
HIPHOP DANCE
Term Illustration Description
Hip-hop is derived from the word “hep”, an African-
America vernacular English language since 1904 which Breaking  Executes
means “current”. It was apparently invented by a New (Break several
York rapper Kevin Donovan, (known as Afrika dance) explosive,
Bambaataa), who was dubbed as the Grandfather of Hip- acrobatic
movements with
hop.
breaks or freezes
Godfathers of Hiphop culture- Kevin Donovan, DJ Kool in between acts
Herc, Grandmaster Flash  Hold the
position of the
The dancing style of Hip-Hop developed from the music movement for a
style that was first introduced during the 1970s in New few seconds
York City among young Hispanic and AfricanAmerican before
communities and was made popular in the 1980s by continuing or
media’s exposure of several hip-hop dance groups in shifting to the
America. These group of young people were looking for a next movement
creative outlet to vent their frustrations and
disappointments with society. It started with funky beats Four
Movements:
reverberating at house or basement parties and the
Toprock-
streets of New York. Hip-hop evolved as a street dance
Footwork
which was a cultural dance variation in the United States oriented steps
and is generally a form of entertainment where technical performed while
and teachable dance aspects replaced the cultural dancing
symbolism and message of the true essence of African- Downrock-
American hip-hop dance. Footwork
performed with
The word street dance arrived in the Philippines from the
both hands and
United States during the 1980s but only gained feet on the floor
unparalleled popularity during the 1990s. There are Freezes- Stylish
various street dance battles held locally across the poses done on
country as well as hip-hop dance competitions your hands
internationally. The first Philippine Team who won the Power moves-
World Hip Hop Dance Championships is the Philippine All Comprise full-
Stars. One of the pioneers of street dance in the body spins and
Philippines is Jungee Marcelo. Marcelo started the first rotations that
formal street dance class in the Philippines after arriving give the illusion
from US in 1991. After almost 11 years of living in a of defying gravity
community dominated by African-Americans in Los
Angeles, he brought with him his knowledge of urban
dance in the country.
Popping  A quick highly energetic
contraction and moves of the
relaxation of limbs and torso 
muscles to A dance style to
producing release anger
jerking of various
joints Tutting  It is a dance
(Tetris) style that
Popularized by imitates the
Samuel angular poses
Boogaloo (Sam seen in ancient
Solomon) Egyptian art
together with his  Used to have a
crew, the Electric limited set of
Boogaloos static hiero-
inspired poses,
Locking  also known as but they now
campbellocking create more
(Don complex
Campbellock geometric
Campbell,1969, patterns wherein
Los Angeles, CA) multiple limbs
interact
It includes a lot  Tutting is
of acrobatics and greatly
physically respected move
demanding of King Tut aka
moves, such as Mark Benson
landing on one’s who made this
knees and the style popular
split House  Combination of
 Other famous Dance skating,
moves are stomping and
waving of arms, shuffling  There
pointing, walking is a fast and
stationary, and complex steps
grabbing and combined with
rotating the cap fluid movements
or hat of the torso
Krumping  Originated
from African-
American
community of
South Central
Los Angeles,
California and is
a relatively new
form of the
“Urban Black
dance
movement”
 Characterized
by unrestrained,
rapidfire, and