FINAL
structure 2
Abdulaziz Marwan Alaklouk
AR 233 - ZA
Section active structure
definition types
These are systems of rigid, solid, linear elements, in which redirection of 1. Beam structures
is a horizontal structural
forces is effected by mobilization of sectional forces. member in a building to resist
the lateral loads applied to the
beams axis.
2. Frame structures
load mechanism are the structures having the
The bearing mechanism of section-active structure systems consists of the combination of beam, column
and slab to resist the lateral
combined action of compressive and tensile with shear stresses: bending and gravity loads.
resistance.
3. Slab structures
is a structural element, made
of concrete, that is used to
create flat horizontal surfaces.
http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/ATBU-ARC-615/Lecture%20Notes/ARC%20615%20Advanced%20Building%20Structures%20Lesson%202%20Introduction%20to%20Longspan%20Building%20Structures%20160424h.pdf
case study
Centre Georges Pompidou
location : PARIS, FRANCE
Architects: Richard Rogers
Area: 166m × 60 m
Year: 1977
architectural design
The other concept in their design, and
perhaps the most obvious, was exposing all
of the infrastructure of the building.
primary structural system
The dominant material of the
contemporary style is steel: it is
resistant, easy to maintain and
lends itself to all shapes and
requirements.
https://archistudent.net/form-active-structure-system/
https://h-sem0.wixsite.com/hussammakki/2nd-home-work
Form active structure
definition
These are systems of flexible, non-rigid matter, in which the redirection of
forces is effected by particular form design and characteristic form
stabilization.
types load mechanism
1. Cable structures
is the major system under form active structure A cable subject to external loads will deform in a
system. It comprises of non-rigid, flexible cables way depending upon the magnitude and location of
shaped in a certain manner and fixed at the ends to the external forces
span the space.
2. Tent structures
are the common type of thin – membrane structures carries loads primarily through the development of
which only carry tension stresses and no bending or tension forces.
compression.
3. Pneumatic structures
These are the type of membrane structures which are Pressure difference between the enclosed space
stabilized by the pressure of compressed air. and the exterior are responsible for giving the
building its shape and its stability.
4. Arch structures
is a compression form and a vertical or horizontal The force of compression is pushed outward along
structure, curved in a manner that spans a space. It the cur ve of the arch towards the abutment.
may or may not support the load above it depending
upon the form
https://archistudent.net/form-active-structure-system/
case study
Moses Mabhida Stadium
location : South Africa - Durban
Architects: Gerhard le Roux
Area: 320 m × 280 m × 45 m
Year: 2009
architectural design primary structural system
In this project, cable structures
It is a multi-use stadium. The
of (active form)
stadium became a venue for
were used
several events, like bungee
jumping, concerts, cricket,
soccer, golf practice, analyze the forces of the structure.
motorsports and rugby union.
Among the materials used in the
project is the steel that was used
for the roof and for construction
purposes Cable and bracket
structure
https://www.archdaily.com/44595/south-africa-world-cup-2010-moses-mabhida-stadium-gmp-architekten
Vector active structure
definition types
These are systems of short, solid, straight lineal members, in which the 1. Flat Trusses
Influence of construction hight
redirection of forces is effected by vector partition. on stresses in web members
2. Curved Trusses
load mechanism Combination of flat trusses to
The system are subjected with one part to compression, with the other form truss systems for folded
or
part to tension curved planes
3. Prismatic (3D) Trusses
Prismatic trusses of triangular
cross section provide rotational
resistance
4. Space Trusses
Space truss is commonly used in
three-dimensional structural
element.
http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/ATBU-ARC-615/Lecture%20Notes/ARC%20615%20Advanced%20Building%20Structures%20Lesson%202%20Introduction%20to%20Longspan%20Building%20Structures%20160424h.pdf
case study
Rooftop Prim / PRODUCTORA
location : MEXICO CITY, MEXICO
Architects: PRODUCTORA
Area: 870 m²
Year: 2020
architectural design
The project is located on the
rooftop of an early
twentieth-century palace where
cultural and festive events are
held, in the center of Mexico City.
In order to prevent the occasional
rains to interrupt the activities
organized in the courtyards,
analyze the forces of the
structure.
The light and industrialized
synthetic materials, such as the
PVC deck, the polycarbonate
sheets or the railings made from
nylon nets, seek to reduce the
weight of the construction and
generate a strong contrast with
the materiality of the historic
building.
http://productora-df.com.mx/project/terraza-prim/
Surface active structure
definition types
These are systems of flexible or rigid planes able to resist tension, 1. Plate structures
A plate is a relatively thin rigid
compression or shear, in which the redirection of forces is effected (solid) body bounded by two
by mobilization of sectional forces. surfaces. It has uniform
thickness and is flat in the
unstressed state.
load mechanism
The system members are primarily subjected to membrane 2. Folded structures
stresses, i,e, to stresses acting parallel to the surface Structural Behaviour of
Folding At first, the external
forces are
transferred to the shorter
edge of one folding element.
3. Shell structures
A shell structure is a thin curved
membrane or slab usually of
reinforced concrete that
functions both as structure and
covering.
http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/ATBU-ARC-615/Lecture%20Notes/ARC%20615%20Advanced%20Building%20Structures%20Lesson%202%20Introduction%20to%20Longspan%20Building%20Structures%20160424h.pdf
case study
Dalian Shell Museum
location : Dalian, China
Architects: The Design Institute of Civil
Engineering & Architecture of DUT
Area: 18,000 sqm
Year: 2009
architectural design
With four floors above ground
and one floor underground, the
building contains about 18,000
sqm of space. The structure is
fittingly aligned with the theme
of shells and mixes a multitude
of versatile organic forms in its analyze the forces of the
design. structure.
The outside of the building
is mainly made of glass and
stainless steel, so it reflects
the surrounding
environment perfectly
http://sdngnet.com/Files/Lectures/ATBU-ARC-615/Lecture%20Notes/ARC%20615%20Advanced%20Building%20Structures%20Lesson%202%20Introduction%20to%20Longspan%20Building%20Structures%20160424h.pdf
3D modelling program
tension and compression tension and compression
Displacement
Displacement
Section active structure
Surface active structure was used for the building
was used for the roof and it and concrete was used in
was constructed of iron the building
