APPLIED PHYSICS LAB
PH-101L
Project Report
On
COOLER FAN
Submitted By:
YASHARAH IDREES REG. No: BEE-192004
SAMREEN ADIL REG No: BEE-192003
MARIA ABBAS REG No: BCS-192016
Submitted To:
Sir Engr. Muhammad Waqas
Department of Electrical Engineering
Muslim Youth University, Islamabad
Introduction:
Pakistan lies in the temperate zone. The climate is generally arid, characterized by
hot summers and cool or cold winters, and wide variations between extremes of
temperature at given locations. There is little rainfall. These generalizations
should not, however, obscure the distinct differences existing among particular
locations. However, most of the time the weather remains hot. Along with that,
there is also severe issue of electricity shortage that renders the Air conditioners
and other cooling equipment useless. Solar system is a potent solution yet it has
two shortcomings, first it is costly and secondly it can be used only during daytime
(when there is no battery backup). So a cooling fan is required which can address
these problems.
Objective:
In our project, we are going to design a battery powered ac fan which will provide
pleasant cool air. This fan is going to be a long lasting and will be providing an
efficient output.
Circuit Diagram:
Components Used:
DC Motor:
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct
current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on
the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some
internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically
change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.
DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered
from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's
speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage
or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are
used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct
current but is a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and
appliances. Larger DC motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles,
elevator and hoists, and in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power
electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many
applications.
Figure 1.1: DC Motor
Fan Blades:
Fan blades we used in project are plastic made. These light weight blades blow
the air at exceptional speed. Each arm has length of 1 inch and thus results in
total disc area of 11.3 inch2.
Figure 1.2 Fan Blades
Battery:
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery that was
introduced for the early transistor radios. It has a rectangular prism shape with
rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at the top. This type is commonly
used in walkie-talkies, clocks and smoke detectors.
Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six individual 1.5 V LR61 cells
enclosed in a wrapper. These cells are slightly smaller than LR8D425 AAAA
cells and can be used in their place for some devices, even though they are
3.5 mm shorter. Carbon-zinc types are made with six flat cells in a stack, enclosed
in a moisture-resistant wrapper to prevent drying. Primary lithium types are made
with three cells in series.
Figure 1.3 Power Plus 9 V Battery
LED:
Light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an
electric current is passed through it. Light is produced when the particles that
carry the current (known as electrons and holes) combine together within the
semiconductor material.
Since light is generated within the solid semiconductor material, LEDs are
described as solid-state devices. The term solid-state lighting, which also
encompasses organic LEDs (OLEDs), distinguishes this lighting technology from
other sources that use heated filaments (incandescent and tungsten halogen
lamps) or gas discharge (fluorescent lamps).
Figure 1.4 Typical LED
Button:
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can "make" or
"break" an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one
conductor to another. The mechanism of a switch removes or restores the
conducting path in a circuit when it is operated. It may be operated manually, for
example, a light switch or a keyboard button, may be operated by a moving object
such as a door, or may be operated by some sensing element for pressure,
temperature or flow. A switch will have one or more sets of contacts, which may
operate simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.
Figure 1.5 SPST Switch
Plastic Jar:
Plastic container (jar) serves as the main body of the project and
provides the housing for fan, ice and battery. Its lid is drilled for
producing several holes for a laminar air influx. On the front facing side,
a blowout duct is attached through a marginally big opening for output
air.
Calculations:
Battery Voltage = 9Vdc Time = Capacity/Operating I
Operating Current = 7.4mA Time = 490mA-H/7.8mA
Battery Capacity = 490 mA-hours Time = 62 Hours (Approx.)
As theoretically the fan has to run for 62 hours, it actually will not. Also
with the passage of time, the fan speed will gradually reduce, so
variation in output will be obtained.
Working:
Switching on will let the power flow from battery terminals to motor.
An LED in parallel will tell system status (on or off). Air will be sucked
from the lid and will be passed over ice cubes. This will reduce the
temperature and will then be blown out from the output duct.
Prototype Pictures:
Figure 1.6: Fan and Drilled Holes Assembly (lid)
Figure 1.8: Power Switch and Motor
Figure 1.9: Air Blowout
Figure 1.10: Battery Attachment
Advantages:
1) Low cost
2) Easy to design
3) Low power consumption
4) Light weight
5) Small Dimensions.
Disadvantages:
1) Low air throw
2) Less coverage area
3) Not optimized for excess water removal.
Applications:
1) Providing cool air to people
2) Cooling electronic equipment
3) Can be used in Pet`s cage to keep them pleasant.
Further Work:
1) Proper drainage system
2) Rechargeable battery
3) Solar cell plate addition.
