NETTUR TECHNICAL TRAINING

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AutoCAD-Manual

L&E AutoCAD LAB Manual Page 1

 CONTENTS
PAGE
SL.NO DESCRIPTION
NO
1.0 Introduction To AUTOCAD 04-16
1.1 System Requirements
1.2 AutoCAD User Interface
1.3 Workspaces in AutoCAD
1.4 Application Menu
1.5 Quick Access Toolbar
1.6 File tabs
1.7 View Cube
1.8 Navigation Bar
1.9 Command line
1.10 Status Bar
1.11 Menu Bar
1.12 Tool Palettes
1.13 Shortcut Menus
1.14 Selection Window
1.15 AUTOCAD Commands

EXPERIMENTS
PAGE
EXP.NO DESCRIPTION
NO
1 Menu Selection and Beginning of New Drawing 17
2 Co-ordinate System in CAD – Absolute, Relative and Polar. 20
3 Utility Commands – Help, End, Quit, Save, Limits, Units 22
4 Entity Draw Commands – Line, Point Circles, Undo, Copy, Move 24
5 Display Commands – Zoom, Pan, Redraw 28
6 Layers 32
7 Export and Import of various File formats 35
8 Editing & Modifying of Existing Drawing 39
9 Exercises on 3 Views of objects in First Angle Projection 45

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 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD
CAD is an abbreviation for Computer-Aided Design. It is the process used to design and draft
components on your computer. This process includes creating designs and drawings of the product or
system.
AutoCAD is a CAD software package developed and marketed by Autodesk Inc. It can be used to
create two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models of products. These models can be
transferred to other computer programs for further analysis and testing.
In addition, you can convert these computer models into numerical data. This numerical data can be
used in manufacturing equipment such as machining centers, lathes, mills, or rapid prototyping machines to
manufacture the product.
AutoCAD is one of the first CAD software packages. It was introduced in the year 1982. Since
that time, it has become the industry leader among all CAD products. It is the most widely used CAD
software.

1.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

The following are system requirements for running AutoCAD smoothly on your system.

Basic: 2.5–2.9 GHz processor

Processor Recommended: 3+ GHz processor
Multiple processors: Supported by the application
Memory Basic: 8 GB

Disk Space 6.0 GB

Browser Google Chrome™ (for AutoCAD web app)
Pointing Device MS-Mouse compliant
.NET Framework Version 4.7 or later
.NET Framework
*DirectX11 recommended by supported OS

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1.2 AutoCAD User Interface
When you double-click the AutoCAD icon on the desktop, the AutoCAD initial screen will
appear.

On the Initial Screen, click Start Drawing to open a new drawing file. The drawing file consists of a
graphics window, ribbon, menu bar, toolbars, command line, and other screen components, depending on
the workspace that you have selected.

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1.3 Workspaces in AutoCAD
There are three workspaces available in AutoCAD: Drafting & Annotation, 3D Basics, and 3D
Modeling.
By default, the Drafting & Annotation workspace is activated. You can create 2D drawings in
this workspace.
You can also activate other workspaces by using the Workspace drop-down on the top-left corner
or the Workspace Switching menu on the lower-right corner of the window.

Drafting & Annotation Workspace

This workspace has all the tools to create a 2D drawing. It has a ribbon located at the top of the
screen.
The ribbon is arranged in a hierarchy of tabs, panels, and tools. Panels such as Draw, Modify, and
Layers consist of tools which are grouped based on their usage.
Panels in turn are grouped into various tabs. For example, the panels such as Draw, Modify,
are Layers are located in the Home tab.

3D Basics and 3D Modeling Workspaces

These workspaces are used to create 3D models.

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1.4 Application Menu

The Application Menu appears

when you click on the icon located at the
top left corner of the window.
The Application Menu consists of
a list of self-explanatory menus. You can
see a list of recently opened documents or
a list of currently opened documents by
clicking the Recent Documents and Open
Documents buttons, respectively.

1.5 Quick Access Toolbar

This is located at the top left corner of the window and helps you to access commands, quickly. It
consists of commonly used commands such as New, Save, Open, Save As, and so on.

1.6 File tabs

Files tabs are located below the ribbon. You can switch between different drawing files by using the
file tabs. Also, you can open a new file by using the + button, easily.

1.7 View Cube

The View Cube allows you to navigate in the 3D Modeling and 2D drafting environments. Using
the View Cube, you can set the orientation of the model.
For example, you can select the top face of the ViewCube to set the orientation to Top. You can
click the corner points to set the view to Isometric.

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1.8 Navigation Bar
The Navigation Bar contains navigation tools such as Steering wheel, Pan, Zoom, Orbit, and
ShowMotion.

1.9 Command line

The command line is located below the graphics window. It is very easy to execute a command
using the command line. You can just type the first letter of a command and it lists all the commands
starting with that letter. This makes you to activate commands very easily and increases your productivity.
Also, the command line shows the current state of the drawing. It shows various prompts while
working with any command. These prompts are series of steps needed to successfully execute a command.
For example:

When you activate the LINE command, the command line displays a prompt, “Specify the first
point”. You need to click in the graphics window to specify the first point of the line.
After specifying the first point, the prompt, “Specify next point or [Undo]:” appears. Now, you
need to specify the next point of the line.
It is recommended that you should always have a look at the command line to know the next step
while executing a command.

1.10 Status Bar

Status Bar is located at the bottom of the AutoCAD window. It contains many buttons which help
you to create a drawing very easily. You can turn ON or OFF these buttons just by clicking on them. Some
buttons are hidden by default.
You can display more buttons on the status bar by clicking the Customization button at the bottom
right corner and selecting the options from the menu. The buttons available on the status bar are briefly
discussed in the following section.

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 Button Description

This button is hidden by default. You can show it by using the

Customization menu. It displays the drawing coordinates when
Coordinates you move the pointer in the graphics window. You can turn OFF
this button by clicking on it.

Snap Mode (F9) The Snap mode aligns pointer only with the Grid points. When
you turn ON this button, the pointer will be able to select only the
Grid points.
It turns the Grid display ON or OFF. You can set the spacing
Grid Display (F7)
between the grid lines by clicking the drown arrow next to the
Snap Mode button and selecting the Snap Settings option. You
can use grid lines along with the Snap Mode to draw objects
easily and accurately.
It turns the Ortho Mode ON or OFF. When the Ortho Mode is
Ortho Mode (F8)
ON, only horizontal or vertical lines can be drawn.

Polar Tracking (F10)

This icon turns ON or OFF the Polar Tracking. When the Polar
Tracking is turned ON, you can draw lines easily at regular
angular increments, such as 30, 45, or 90 degrees. You will
notice that a trace line is displayed when the pointer is at a
particular angular increment. You can set the angular increment
by clicking the down arrow next to this button and selecting the
required angle.

Isometric This icon is used to switch between planes while drawing

Drafting isometric views. The grid lines are also displayed if the Grid
Mode is turned ON. The orientation of the grid lines change
based on the selected isoplane option.

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 Dynamic Input (F12)
This icon turns ON or OFF the Dynamic Input mode. When
this mode is turned ON, a dynamic input box is attached to the
pointer along with a prompt. You can directly enter a value in
the dynamic input box. You can use Dynamic Input in place of
command line.

Object Snap (F3) This icon turns ON or OFF the Object Snap mode. When this
mode is turned ON, you can easily select the key points of
objects such as endpoints, midpoint, and center point and so on.

Object Snap Tracking This icon is used to turn ON or OFF the Object Snap Tracking
(F11) mode. When this mode is turned ON, you can easily select
points by using the trace lines originating from the key points.

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 This icon turns ON or OFF the lineweight. Line weight is the
Show/Hide Lineweight
thickness of objects. You can set the thickness of objects by
specifying the lineweight. If the Lineweight is turned OFF,
the objects are displayed with the default thickness.

This button is used to display some important properties of a

Quick Properties
selected object.

This icon switches between the Model space and Paper space.
Model or Paper
Model space is used to create drawings and Paper space is used
Space
to print drawings.

Annotation Scale This icon controls the size of annotative objects. Annotative
objects are dimensions, texts, notes and other objects which
can be sized as per the drawing scale.

Workspace Switching
This icon changes the workspace.

Lock UI This icon locks the toolbars, panel, tool palettes and other
User Interface elements at their current position.

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1.11 Menu Bar
Menu Bar is not displayed by default. However, you can display the Menu Bar in other workspaces
by clicking on the down-arrow located at the right side of the Quick Access Toolbar and selecting the Show
Menu Bar option.
The Menu Bar is located at the top of the window just below the title bar. It contains various menus
such as File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools, Draw, Dimensions, Modify, and so on.
Clicking on any of the word on the Menu Bar displays a menu. The menu contains various tools
and options. There are also sub-options available on the menu. These sub-options are displayed if you click
on an option with an arrow.

1.12 Tool Palettes

Tool Palettes provide you with another way of selecting tools and placing objects.
You can display Tool Palettes by clicking View > Palettes > Tool Palettes on the ribbon.
Short cut CRTL + 3 to activate tool palettes command.
A Tool Palette is similar to a palette except that it has many palettes grouped in the form of tabs.
You can select tools from the Tool Palettes as well as drag and place objects (blocks) into the
drawing. You can also create a new Tool Palette and add frequently used tools and objects to it.

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1.13 Shortcut Menus
Shortcut Menus appear when you right-click in the graphics window.
AutoCAD provides various shortcut menus in order to help you access tools and options very
easily and quickly. There are various types of` shortcut menus available in AutoCAD.
Right-click Menu
This shortcut menu appears whenever you right-click in the graphics window without
activating any command or selecting any object.
Select and Right-click menu
This shortcut menu appears when you select an object from the graphics window and right-
click. It consists of editing and selection options.
Command Mode shortcut menu
This shortcut menu is appears when you activate a command and right-click. It shows options
depending upon the active command.
The shortcut menu below shows the options related to the RECTANGLE command.
Grip shortcut menu
This shortcut menu is displayed when you select a grip of an object, move the pointer and right-
click. It displays various operations that can be performed using grip.

Grip shortcut menu

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1.14 Selection Window
A selection window is used to select multiple elements of the drawing. In AutoCAD, you can select
multiple elements by using two types of selection windows.
The first type is a rectangular selection window. You can create this type of selection window by
defining its two diagonal corners.
First type- Rectangular selection window method:

When you define the first corner of the selection window on the left and second corner on the right
side, the elements which completely fall under the selection window will be selected.

However, if you define the first corner on the right side and second corner of the left side, the
elements, which fall completely or partially under the selection window, will be selected.

The second type of selection window is the Lasso.

Lasso is an irregular shape created by clicking and dragging the pointer across the elements to
select.
If you drag the pointer from the left to right, the elements falling completely under the lasso will
be selected.

If you drag the pointer from right to left, the elements, which fall completely or partially under the lasso,
will be selected.

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1.15 AUTOCAD COMMANDS
In the most basic terms, commands and shortcuts are words or letters that you type into the command
window to produce an action.
For example,
If you wish to draw an arc, rather than searching for an arc among the tools, you could just use a
command. In this case, type ‘ARC‘ or even ‘A‘ into the command window, press Enter, and an arc will
appear.
Some commands come with shortcuts (a single letter alternative), while actions that are a little less
common tend to require a command that is 3 or more letters long. AutoCAD recognizes hundreds of
commands

SHORTCUT/COMMAND DESCRIPTION
CLOSEALL Close all of the open windows in AutoCAD
CO/ COPY Copy objects or text
I/ INSERT Insert (existing block or drawing as a block)
MULTIPLE Repeat any command without having to press Enter each time
OOPS Restore the last object you deleted
PREVIEW See how your work will be presented when printed
QSAVE Autosave the file you’re working on
RO/ ROTATE Rotate an object
SAVEALL Save all of the open drawings in AutoCAD
SP/ SPELL Perform spell check on selected text
ST/ DDSTYLE Open the text style window

Drawing Commands
This software is specifically designed with technical drawing in mind, so you’ll find a wide range
of geometric shapes and sketching capabilities at your disposal when working in AutoCAD.
To save yourself the time of scrolling through the library every time you need a particular line or
solid, learn some of these commands:
SHORTCUT/COMMAND DESCRIPTION
A/ ARC Create an arc
AR/ ARRAY Make a rectangle, polar or path array
B/ BLOCK Create a block
C/ CIRCLE Create a circle
L/ LINE Create a simple line
MI/ MIRROR Produce a mirror copy of an object
MLINE Create multiple parallel lines
PL/ PLINE Make a polyline
PO/ POINT Create a single point within a drawing
POL/ POLYGON Produce a polygon (you select the number of sides, from 3 to 1024)
QSELECT Make a particular selection from your drawing according to applied
filters, i.e – select all lines below a particular length
REC/ RECTANGLE Create a rectangle

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Modifying Commands
When your first draft is complete, now it’s time to edit around with the properties and tweak your
designs where necessary. For this stage, the following commands are sure to come in handy:

SHORTCUT/COMMAND DESCRIPTION
BASE Alter the base point of a drawing without changing its origin
BREAK Create a break (or gaps) in objects at one or two points
BURST Explode a block but retain its attribute settings and layer definition
CHA/ CHAMFER Add slanted edges to sharp corners of objects
COPYBASE Copy an object according to a base point
F/ FILLET Add rounded corners to the sharp edges of objects
LA/ LAYERS Open the Layer Properties Manage Palette (which allows you to
tweak the settings for layers)
MA/ Copy the properties of one object onto another
MATCHPROPERTIES
SC/ SCALE Change the scale of an object
SCALETEXT Change the scale of text
TR/ TRIM Trim a shape or line
UNITS Alter the unit settings of your drawing
X/ EXPLODE Break up an object into its individual components—i.e., a polyline
into simple lines

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 EXPERIMENT NO -01
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To learn and practice about Menu Selection, Beginning of New Drawing.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
1. AutoCAD
PROCEDURE
Using the Menu Browser
Click the large, red A button in the top-left corner of the AutoCAD window to
open the Menu Browser.

The application menu contains commands for the following file operations:

 Create new drawings and projects

 Open drawing files, project files, DGN files, and IFC files
 Save drawings to the current file format, to AutoCAD 2007
file format, as DWT file, or as DWS file
 Export files to DGN, DWF, PDF and previous versions of
AutoCAD
 Plot drawings
 Publish drawings to Map Guide, DWF, PDF, Seek, and
eTransmit
 Access drawing setup and drawing utilities
 Access the program options
 Close drawings and projects
 Exit AutoCAD toolset

Using the Drop-Down Menus bar

File menu - Commands in this are used for opening and saving new and existing drawing files, printing,
exporting files to another application, choosing basic utility options, and exiting the application.
The Edit menu - contains the Undo and Redo commands, the Cut and Paste tools, and options for creating
links between Auto- CAD files and other files.
View -Contains tools for controlling the display of your drawing file.
Insert - Contains commands for placing drawings and images or parts of them inside other drawings.
Format- Contains commands for setting up the general parameters for a new drawing or changing the
entities in a current drawing.
Tools -Contains special tools for use while you’re working on the current drawing, such as those for finding
the length of a line or for running a special macro.
Draw-Contains commands for creating new objects (such as lines or circles) on the screen.
Dimension -Contains commands for dimensioning and annotating a drawing.

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Modify -Contains commands for changing existing objects in the drawing.
Window- Contains commands for displaying currently open drawing windows and lists currently open
drawing files.
Help-menu works like most Windows Help menus and contains a couple of AutoCAD-specific entries as
well, including some online resources and a link to the New Features Workshop.
Express -Contains a library of productivity tools that cover a wide range of AutoCAD functions. Express
Tools are widely used but unsupported directly by Autodesk. They might or might not be installed on your
computer.
You can turn off the menu bar by right-clicking on the Quick Access toolbar and choosing
Show Menu Bar or by entering menu bar ↵ 0↵.

Starting of a New Drawing

Get Started Section on the Initial Screen
To start a new drawing, click Create at the bottom of the initial screen, and then select a template
from Get Started > Templates drop-down.

Another Method
To start a new drawing, click the New button on anyone of the following:
1) Quick Access Toolbar
2) Application Menu
The Select Template dialog
The Select Template dialog appears when you click the New button.
In this dialog, select the acad.dwt (inch units) or acadiso.dwt (metric units) template for creating a
2D drawing.

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Opening of a existing Drawing
 To open an existing file from the Menu Browser, click File ➣ Open.
 This opens the Select File dialog box where you can navigate to and select the desired drawing file.

Recently opened documents.

 Click to open the application menu.

 At the top of the menu, click Recent Documents .
 Select the file to be open

CONCLUSION
We successfully learnt and practiced about Menu Selection, Starting and opening of a Drawing.

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 EXPERIMENT NO -02
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To learn and practice about the Co-ordinate System in CAD – Absolute, Relative and Polar
APPARATUS/SOFTWARE REQUIRED
1. AutoCAD
PROCEDURE
Example 1 (using the Absolute Coordinate System)
In this example, you will create lines by specifying points in the absolute coordinate system.
In this system, you specify the points with respect to the origin (0, 0). A point will be specified by
entering its X and Y coordinates separated by a comma, as shown in figure below.

 To draw a line, click Home > Draw > Line on the ribbon, or enter LINE or L in the command line.
 Type 50, 50 and press ENTER.
 Type 150, 50 and press ENTER.
 Type 150,100 and press ENTER.
 Type 50,100 and press ENTER.

 Select the Close option from the command line. This creates a rectangle, as shown below.
 Click Save on the Quick Access Toolbar.
 Save as Line-example1.dwg.
 Close the file.

Example 2 (using Relative Coordinate system)

In this example, you will draw lines by defining its end points in the relative coordinate system. In
the relative coordinate system, you define the location of a point with respect to the previous point.
For this purpose the symbol, ‘@’ is used before the point coordinates. This symbol means that the
coordinate values are defined in relation with the previous point.

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 Click Home > Draw > Line on the ribbon, or enter LINE or L in the command line.
 Type 100,100 and press ENTER. This defines the first point of the line.
 Type @50,0 and press ENTER.
 Type @0,20 and press ENTER.
 Type @100,0 and press ENTER.
 Type @0,-20 and press ENTER.
 Type @50,0 and press ENTER.
 Type @0,120 and press ENTER.
 Type @-50,0 and press ENTER.
 Type @0,-20 and press ENTER.
 Type @-100,0 and press ENTER.
 Type @0,20 and press ENTER.
 Type @-50,0 and press ENTER.
 Select the Close option from the command line.
 Save the file as Line-example2.dwg.

Example 3 (using Polar Coordinate system)

In the polar coordinate system, you define the location of a point by entering two values: distance
from the previous point and angle from the zero degrees.
You enter the distance value along with the @ symbol and angle value with the < symbol. You
have to make a note that AutoCAD measures the angle in anti-clockwise direction.

 Click Home > Draw > Line on the ribbon, or enter LINE or L in the command line.
 Type 50,50 and press Enter key.
 Type @110<0 and press ENTER.
 Type @20<90 and press ENTER.
 Type @80<120 and press ENTER.
 Type @30<180 and press ENTER.
 Type @80<240 and press ENTER.
 Select the Close option from the command line.
 SavethefileasLine-example3.dwg

CONCLUSION
We successfully learnt and practiced the Co-ordinate System in CAD – Absolute, Relative and Polar.

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 EXPERIMENT NO -03
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To learn and practice about the Utility Commands – Help, End, Quit, Save, Limits, Units.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
1. AutoCAD
PROCEDURE
1) HELP Command

Displays the online or offline Help system.

 Press F1 while hovering over a tooltip or when command is active to display Help for that command.
 In the Help window, left panel, specify audience and content filters to narrow your search results.
 Press Ctrl+F to locate a word or phrase within any topic.
 By default, online Help is displayed. You can download offline Help for those circumstances when you
don't have internet access.

2) Exits the program.

 Quits command- the program if there have been no changes since the drawing was last saved. If the
drawing has been modified, you are prompted to save or discard the changes before quitting.
 END command- used to discontinue the current command

3) SAVEAS, and SAVE Commands

 SAVEAS. Saves a copy of the current drawing under a new file name or location. The new file name or
location becomes the current drawing and the previous drawing closes without saving any changes to
it.
 SAVE. In AutoCAD, if the drawing has been previously saved, saves the current drawing to the file name
or location that you specify, but leaves the current drawing unchanged. In AutoCAD LT, the SAVE
commands is identical to the SAVEAS command.

4) UNITS

COMMAND- UNITS or UN Enter.

 In units settings go to “Type” choose the desired unit standard
e.g. 0.000 for the decimal, 1E3 (1000) for the Engineering etc.
 In “Precision” choose the desired preciseness you need in the
drawing e.g. 1.001 for (0.000) and for choose 0.0 and for 1
choose “0”
 Choose the insertion scale of your set perimeter or dimension e.g.
millimeters, centimeters, inches, feet etc.
 Choose the angle type same as your desired units choose before
e.g. decimal degrees, engineering, architectural etc.
 Click on “OK” to set the units and hit the Esc key to get out of the
command.

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 5) LIMITS
LIMITS in the rectangle boundary area in the AutoCAD where we draw our working drawings.
Setting of the limits is the most important task because of in very large scale of drawing we need the
actual limits of the drawings so that they can easily printable and zoom and easy to the find the object we
create in specified limit.

 Type LIMITS in command

 Specify the lower left corner of the screen type (0,0) and hit the ENTER key
 Specify the Upper right corner of the screen type (297,420)if A3 Size and hit the Enter key
 e.g. if you choose millimeters then 297mm × 420mm is considered as a base × height.
 Click the ZOOM tool in the status bar and type A OR Type Z enter A enter or DOUBLE CLICK on the
mid mouse button.

CONCLUSION
We successfully learnt and practiced the Utility Commands – Help, End, Quit, Save, Limits, Units.
.

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 EXPERIMENT NO -04
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To learn and practice about the Entity Draw Commands – Line, Point Circles, Undo, Copy, Move.
APPARATUS/SOFTWARE REQUIRED
1) AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE
1) LINES
 The line is the most basic and common object in AutoCAD drawings. To draw a line, click the Line tool.

 Alternatively, you can type LINE or just L in the Command window, and then press Enter or the Spacebar.
 Notice the prompt in the Command window for a point location.

 To specify the starting point for this line, you would type
in the coordinates 0,0.
 It is a good idea to locate one corner of your model at 0,0,
which is called the origin point.
 To locate additional points, you could specify additional
X,Y coordinate locations in the drawing area.
 After you specify the next point, the LINE command
automatically repeats itself, and it keeps prompting you
for additional points. Press Enter or the Spacebar to end
the sequence.

2) Circles
 The default option of the CIRCLE command requires you to specify a center point and a radius.

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 The other circle options are available from the drop-down:

 Alternatively, you can also enter CIRCLE or just C in the Command window and click to choose an
option. If you do, you can specify a center point, or you can click one of the highlighted command
options as shown below.

3) Create a Point Object

 In AutoCAD, you can make simple points using the POINT or PO command, these points are also
called nodes.
 To make the point simply type PO press enter and then click at a point on the drawing area or specify the
coordinates of the point where you want to make the point.

Alternate method

Click Home tab Draw panel Point drop-down

Multiple Points.
 Specify the point location. You can snap to a point using the
Node object snap.

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 4) MOVE Command
The Move tool moves a selected object(s) from one location to a new location without
changing its orientation.
To move objects, you must activate this tool and select the objects from the graphics window.
After selecting objects, you must define the ‘base point’ and the ‘destination point’.
Example:
Create a circle of 20 mm diameter

 Click Home > Modify > Move on the ribbon, or enter M in the command line.
 Click on the circle located at the right-side, and then right-click to accept the selection.
 Select the center of the circle as the base point. Make sure
that the Ortho Mode is activated.
 Move the pointer toward right and pick a point as shown below. This moves the circle to the new
location.

5) The Copy tool

The Copy tool is used to copy objects and place them at a required location.
This tool is similar to the Move tool, except that object will remain at its original position and a
copy of it will be placed at the new location.
Example:
Draw two circles of 80 mm and 140 mm diameter, respectively.

 Click Home > Modify > Copy on the ribbon or enter CO in the command line. Select the two
circles, and then right-click to accept the selection.
 Select the center of the circle as the base point. Make sure
that the Ortho Mode is active.
 Move the pointer toward right. Type
200 and press ENTER.
 Select Exit from the command line. This creates a copy of the circles at the new location.

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 6) UNDO Command

Reverses the effect of commands.

UNDO displays the command or system variable name at the Command prompt to indicate that you
have stepped past the point where the command was used.
Note: UNDO has no effect on some commands and system variables, including those that open,
close, or save a window or a drawing.

 U command. It undoes your last command You can also find it on the Quick Access toolbar. Finally,
you can do what most people do — press Ctrl+Z.
 If you type undo on the command line, you see this prompt:
Enter the number of operations to undo or [Auto/Control/BEgin/End/Mark/Back] <1>:
 To undo multiple operations, type the number of operations that you want to undo.

CONCLUSION
We successfully learnt and practiced Entity Draw Commands –Line, Point Circles, Undo, Copy, and
Move.

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 EXPERIMENT NO -05
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To learn and practice about the Entity Display Commands – Zoom, Pan, Redraw.
APPARATUS/SOFTWARE REQUIRED –
1) AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE
1) Zoom
Using Zoom tools
Using the zoom tools, you can magnify or reduce a drawing. You can use these tools to view the
minute details of a very complicated drawing.
The Zoom tools can be accessed from the Navigation Bar, Command line, and Menu Bar.

Zooming with a Mouse Wheel

Zooming using the mouse wheel is one of the easiest methods.
 Roll the mouse wheel forward to zoom into a drawing.
 Roll the mouse wheel backwards to zoom out of the drawing.

Using zoom extents

Using the Zoom Extents tool, you can zoom to the extents of the largest object in a
drawing.
Click Zoom Extents on the Navigation Bar.

Using zoom-window
Using the Zoom-Window tool, you can define the area to be magnified by selecting two points
representing a rectangle
 Click Zoom > Zoom Window on the Navigation Bar.
 Create a window by selecting the first corner and the second corner; the area covered by the
window will be magnified.

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 AFTER WINDOW ZOOM
Using Zoom-Previous
After magnifying a small area of the drawing, you can use the Zoom-Previous tool to return to
the previous display.
 Click Zoom > Zoom Previous on the Navigation Bar.

Using Zoom-Real time

Using the Zoom-Real time tool, you can zoom in or zoom out of a drawing in real time.
 Click Zoom > Zoom Real time on the Navigation Bar; the pointer is changed to a magnifying glass
with plus and minus symbols.

 Press and hold the left mouse button and drag the mouse forward to zoom into the drawing.
 Drag the mouse backward to zoom out of the drawing.

Using zoom-all
The Zoom All tool is used to adjust the drawing space to the limits set by using the LIMITS
command.
 Click Zoom > Zoom All on the Navigation Bar; the drawing will be zoomed to its limits.

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Using Zoom Dynamic
With the Zoom Dynamic tool, you can zoom to a particular portion of a drawing by using a
viewing box.

 Click Zoom Dynamic on the Navigation Bar; the drawing will be zoomed to its limits. In
addition, a viewing box is attached to the pointer.
 Click and drag the pointer to define the shape of the viewing box. Left-click
and move the pointer the area to be zoomed.
 Click the right mouse button. The area covered by the viewing box is magnified.

Using Zoom-Scale
Using the Zoom-Scale tool, you can zoom in or zoom out of a drawing by entering zoom scale factors
directly from your keyboard.
 Click Zoom > Zoom Scale on the Navigation Bar. The message, “Enter a scale factor (nX or nXP)”
appears in the command line.

 Enter the scale factor 0.25 to scale the drawing to 25% of the full view.
 Enter the scale factor 0.25X to scale the drawing to 25% of the current view.
 Enter the scale factor 0.25XP to scale the drawing to 25% of the paper space.

Using Zoom-Center
Using the Zoom Center tool, you can zoom to an area of the drawing based on a center point and
magnification value.
Enter 10X in the command line to magnify the location of point the selected point by ten times

Using Zoom-Object
Using the Zoom Object tool, you can magnify a portion of the drawing by selecting one or more
objects.
 Click Zoom > Zoom Object on the Navigation Bar.

 Select one or more objects from the drawing and press ENTER; the objects will be magnified.

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 2) Pan Command

Shifts the view without changing the viewing direction or magnification.

Position the cursor at the start location and press the left mouse button down. Drag the cursor to the
new location.
 Click Pan on the Navigation Bar.
 Press and hold the middle mouse button and drag the mouse; a new area of the drawing,
which is outside the current view, is displayed.

3) Redraw Command
Refreshes the display in the current viewport.
Removes temporary graphics left by VSLIDE and some operations from the current viewport.
To remove stray pixels, use the REGEN command.

CONCLUSION
We successfully learnt & practiced the Entity Display Commands – Zoom, Pan, and Redraw.

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 EXPERIMENT NO -06
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To learn and practice Layers in AutoCAD.
APPARATUS/SOFTWARE REQUIRED –
1) AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE

Using Layers
Layers are like a group of transparent sheets that are
combined into a complete drawing. The figure below displays a
drawing consisting of object lines and dimension lines.
In this example.
The object lines are created on the ‘Object’ layer, and
dimensions are created on the layer called ‘Dimension’. You can
easily turn-off the ‘Dimension’ layer for a clearer view of the
object lines.

Layer properties manager

The Layer Properties Manager is used to create and manage layers.
To open Layer Properties Manager, click Home > Layers > Layer Properties on the ribbon or
enter LA in the command line.

The components of the Layer Properties Manager are shown below.

The Tree View section is used for displaying layer filters, group, or state information.
The List View section is the main body of the Layer Properties Manager. It lists the individual
layers that currently exist in the drawing.

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 The List View section contains various properties. You can set layer properties and
perform various operations in the List View section.
A brief explanation of each layer property is given below.

 Status –Shows a green check when a layer is set to current.

 Name - Shows the name of the layer.
 On – Used to turn on/off the visibility of a layer. When a layer is turned on, it shows a yellow
light-bulb. When you turn off a layer, it shows a grey light-bulb.
 Freeze/Thaw – It is used to freeze the objects of a layer so that they cannot be modified. Also, the
visibility of the object is turned off.
 Lock/Unlock- It is used to lock the layer so that the objects on it cannot be modified.
 Color – It is used to assign a color to the layer.
 Line type – It is used to assign a linetype to the layer.
 Line weight – It is used to define the lineweight (thickness) of objects on the layer.
 Transparency – It is used to define the transparency of the layer. You set a transparency level from 0 to
90 for all objects on a layer.
 Plot Style – It is used to override the settings such as color, linetype, and lineweight while plotting a
drawing.
 Plot – It is used to control which layer will be plotted.
 New VP Freeze – It is used to create and freeze a layer in any new viewport.

 Description – It is used to enter a detailed description about the layer.

Creating a New Layer

You can create a new layer by using anyone of the following methods:
 Click the New Layer button on the Layer Properties Manager;
 A new layer with the name ‘Layer1’ appears in Name field. Next, enter the name of the layer in the
Name field.

 Right-click in the Name field and select New Layer from the shortcut menu.
 Select an existing layer, and then type ENTER or comma (,).

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 Making a layer current
If you want to draw objects on a particular layer, then you have to make it current. You can
make a layer current using the methods listed below.
 Select the layer from the List view and click the Set Current button on the Layer Properties
Manager

 Double-click on the Name field of the layer.

 Right-click on the layer and select Set current.

 Select the layer from the Layer drop-down of the Layer panel.

 . Click the Make Current button on the Layers panel. Next, select an object; the layer related
to the selected object will become current.

Deleting a Layer
You can delete a layer by using anyone of the following methods:
 Click the Delete Layer button

 Select the layer in list view and press ALT+D to delete a layer
 Right-click in the Name field of layers and select Delete Layer from the shortcut menu.

CONCLUSION
We successfully learnt and practiced how to use layers in AutoCAD.

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 EXPERIMENT NO -07
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To learn and practice Export and Import of various File formats.
APPARATUS/SOFTWARE REQUIRED –
1) AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE

Imports files of different formats into the current drawing.

You can import data files, other than DWG files, that were created with other applications into the
current drawing. The import process translates data into the corresponding DWG file data.
 Type command –IMPORT and press enter
 The Import File dialog box (a standard file selection dialog box) is displayed.

 In Files of type, select the file format to import. In File Name, select the file name to import.
 The file is imported into the drawing.

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The following formats are available for import for AutoCAD.
Note: Some formats listed in this topic may not be available in all AutoCAD-based products or Windows
32-bit versions.

Format Description Command

3D Studio (*.3ds) 3D Studio files 3DSIN
ACIS (*.sat) ACIS solid object files ACISIN
Autodesk Inventor (*.ipt), (*.iam) Autodesk Inventor part and assembly files n/a
Note: Supported only on 64 -bit systems
CATIA V4 (*.model; *.session; *.exp; CATIA® V4 model, session and export n/a
*.dlv3) files
CATIA V5 (*.CATPart; *.CATProduct) CATIA® V5 part and assembly files n/a
IGES (*.iges; *.igs) IGES files IGESIMPORT
Parasolid (*.x_t) Parasolid text files n/a
PDF (*.pdf) Portable Document Format files PDFIMPORT
PTC Creo (*.prt*; *.asm*) PTC Creo® part and assembly files n/a
Rhino (*.3dm) Rhinoceros® model files n/a
SolidWorks (*.prt; *.sldprt; *.asm; SolidWorks® part and assembly files n/a
*.sldasm)
Metafile (*.wmf) Microsoft Windows ® Metafiles WMFIN
STEP (*.ste; *.stp; *.step): STEP files n/a

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Export

Saves the objects in a drawing to a different file format.

 Type command –EXPORT and press enter
Alternate method
 Select export icon from application menu on left most corner of interface
 The Export Data dialog box (a standard file selection dialog box) is displayed.

 If you do not see the file format that you need in the Files of Type drop-down list, also check the PLOT
command for other file types, including PDF.

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The following output types are available:

Format Description Related command

3D DWF (*.dwf) 3D DWFx (*.dwfx) Autodesk Design Web Format 3DDWF
ACIS (*.sat) ACIS solid object file ACISOUT
Block (*.dwg) Drawing file WBLOCK
DXX Extract (*.dxx) Attribute extract DXF™ file ATTEXT
Encapsulated PS (*.eps) Encapsulated PostScript file PSOUT
IGES (*.iges; *.igs) IGES files IGESEXPORT
®
Metafile (*.wmf) Microsoft Windows Metafile WMFOUT
V7 DGN (*.dgn) MicroStation DGN file DGNEXPORT
V8 DGN (*.dgn) MicroStation DGN file DGNEXPORT

CONCLUSION
We successfully learnt and practiced the import and exporting of various types of files formats in
AutoCAD.

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 EXPERIMENT NO -08
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To learn and practice the Editing & Modifying of Existing Drawing.
APPARATUS/SOFTWARE REQUIRED –
1) AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE
Editing Tools
 Trim tool
 Extend tool
 Fillet tool
 Chamfer tool
 Mirror tool
 Explode tool
 Stretch tool
 Offset tool
 Scale tool

1) The Trim tool

When an object intersects with another object, you can remove its unwanted portion by using
the Trim tool.
 Click Home > Modify > Trim on the ribbon or enter TR in the command line. Now, you must
select the cutting edges.
 Press ENTER to select all the objects as the cutting edges. Now, you must select the objects to be
trimmed.

 Select the large circles one by one; the circles will be trimmed.

 Likewise, trim the other circles as shown above.

 Save and close the drawing.

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 2) The Extend tool
The Extend tool is similar to the Trim tool but its use is opposite of it. This tool is used to extend
lines, arcs and other open entities to connect to other objects.
 Start a new drawing.
 Create a sketch as shown below using the Line tool.
 Click Home > Modify > Extend on the ribbon or enter EX in the command line. Select the
vertical line as the boundary edge. Next, right-click.
 Select the horizontal open line. This will extend the line up to the boundary edge.

3) The Fillet tool

The Fillet tool converts the sharp corners into round corners. You must define the radius and
select the objects forming a corner. The following figure shows some examples of rounding the corners
 Draw the lines as shown below.

 Right-click and select Enter.

 Click Home > Modify > Fillet on the ribbon or enter F in the command line.
 Select the Radius option from the command line.
 Type 5 and press ENTER.

 Select the vertical line and the horizontal line as shown above.
 Notice that a fillet is created.

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 4) The Chamfer tool
The Chamfer tool replaces the sharp corners with an angled line. This tool is similar
to the Fillet tool, except that an angled line is placed at the corners instead of rounds.
 Click Home > Modify > Fillet > Chamfer on the ribbon or enter CHA in the command line.
Follow the prompt sequence given next:
 Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: Select the Distance option
from the command line.

 Define first chamfer distance <0.0000>: Enter 8 as the first chamfer distance and press ENTER.
 Define second chamfer distance <8.0000>: Press ENTER to accept 8 as the second chamfer
distance.
 Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: Select the vertical line on
the right-side.

 Select second line or shift-select to apply corner or [Distance/Angle/Method]:

 Select the horizontal line connected to the vertical line.
 Chamfer is created.

5) The Mirror tool

The Mirror tool creates a mirror image of objects. You can create symmetrical drawings using
this tool..

 Click Home > Modify > Mirror on the ribbon or enter MI in the command line.
 Select the drawing by clicking on it, and then press Enter.

 Select the first point of the mirror line as shown here.

Note You can define the mirror line by either creating a line or selecting an existing line.

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  Make sure that the Ortho Mode on the status bar is active. Move the pointer
toward right and click.
 Select the No option from the command line to retain the source objects.

6) The Explode tool

The Explode tool explodes a group of objects into individual objects.
For example
when you create a drawing using the Polyline tool, it acts as a single object. You can explode a
polyline or rectangle or any group of objects using the Explode tool.

 Click on the portion of the drawing created using the Polyline tool; you will notice that the complete
polyline is selected as a single object.

 Click Home > Modify > Explode on the ribbon or enter X in the command line. Select the
polylines from the drawing.

 Press ENTER; the polyline is exploded into individual objects.

 Now, you can select the individual objects of the polyline.

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 7) The Stretch tool
The Stretch tool lengthens or shortens drawings or parts of drawings. Note that you cannot
stretch circles using this tool.
In addition, you must select the portion of the drawing to be stretched by dragging a window.

 Click Home > Modify > Stretch on the ribbon or enter STRETCH in the command line.
 Create a crossing window to select the objects of the drawing.

 Press ENTER (or) right-click to accept the selection. Select the base point as shown below.

 Move the pointer downward and click to stretch the drawing.

 Save and close the file.

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 8) The Offset tool
The Offset tool is creates parallel copies of lines, polylines, circles, arcs and so on.

 Create the drawing shown below using the Polyline tool. Do not add dimensions.

 Click Home > Modify > Offset on the ribbon or enter O in the command line.
 Type 20 as the offset distance and press ENTER. Select the polyline loop.
 Click outside the loop to create the parallel copy.

9) SCALE (Command)

The proportion by which the drawing of an object is enlarged or reduced is called the scale of
the drawing

 Type SCALE into the command line and press Enter

 Alternatively you can find this command on the
Modify Panel on the Home Tab in the Ribbon
 Select the drawing you want to scale and press Enter
 Click at the base point
 Enter scale factor (OR)
 Press R for reference
 Click at the first point of the known dimension, then
select the end point of said dimension
 Enter the "true length" of said dimension and press Enter

CONCLUSION
We successfully learnt & practiced Editing & Modifying of Existing Drawing.

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 EXPERIMENT NO -09
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
To use all the previously learnt commands to draw 3 Views of different types of objects in First
Angle Projection
APPARATUS/SOFTWARE REQUIRED
1) AutoCAD.
PROCEDURE

EXAMPLE

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Draw the first angle projection of the components below, with the help of
practices from experiments (1-8).
EXERCISE: 01

EXERCISE:02

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EXERCISE :03

EXERCISE :04

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EXERCISE :05

EXERCISE:06

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