Car-Rental Management System

Index

Table of Contents Page No

1. Abstract 05-06

1.1. Problem definition

1.2. Design and Logical Algorithm
1.3. Implementation
1.4. Testing

2. Introduction 07-09

2.1. Overview of the project

2.2. Tools an technologies used for the project
2.3. Features of the project

3. Literature Review 10-11

3.1. Online car rental system.

3.2. Customer relationship management.
3.3. Digital payment system.

4. System Design 12-19

4.1. System overview.

4.2. Use Case Diagram
4.3. Data flow diagram
4.4. ER Diagram
4.5. ER Diagram notations
4.6. Normalization
4.7. Design consideration

5. System Analysis 20-21

5.1. Objectives
5.2. Input
5.3. Process
5.4. Output
5.5. Stockholders

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6. Technology Stack 22-24

6.1. Explanation of PHP and its role in the project.

6.2. Back-end
6.3. Front-end technologies (HTML, CSS, JavaScript).
6.4. Database management system (e.g., MySQL).

7. System Requirement Analysis 25-38

7.1. Objectives
7.2. Approach
7.3. Customer Management
7.4. Bookings &Contracts
7.5. Division management
7.6. Payment Processing
7.7. Reporting & Monitoring
7.8. Coding

8. Screenshots 39-43

8.1. Homepage
8.2. About Us
8.3. User Registration
8.4. Contact Us
8.5. Admin Login Page
8.6. Admin Vehicle
8.7. Admin User
8.8. Add Car
8.9. Admin Dashboard

9. Testing and Quality Assurance 44-45

9.1. Test Planning
9.2. Test Planning Documents
9.3. Test Cases Design
9.4. Quality Assurance
9.5. Reliability

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10. Performance Optimization 46-47

10.1. Introduction
10.2. Ways to improve Performance
10.3. Performance Optimization

11. Security Measures 48-50

11.1. User Authentication

11.2. Data Encryption
11.3. Secure Socket Layer
11.4. Access Control
11.5. Secure Code
11.6. Backup And Recovery
11.7. Server Configuration

12. Maintenance and Future Scope 51-52

12.1. Software Maintenance

12.2. System Maintenance
12.3. Security Maintenance
12.4. Regular Assessment and Performance Tuning
12.5. Backup and Recovery

13. Project Management 53-54

13.1. Introduction
13.2. Project goal
13.3. Project Scope
13.4. Project Constraints
13.5. Project Methodology
13.6. Project Plan
13.7. Project Scheduling
13.8. Project Execution
13.9. Project Monitoring
13.10. Conclusion

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14. Conclusion 55-56

14.1. Advantages of this System

14.2. Limitations
14.3. Future Enhancements

15. References 57-57

15.1. Books.
15.2. Web Resources.
15.3. Journals.

16. Appendices 58-59

16.1. Architecture
16.2. Design Patterns
16.3. Security

Car Rental Project Using PHP

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1.Abstract:

Car rental is a service provided by many businesses and individuals that allows
consumers to temporarily rent a car. This service is often needed when travelers go on
a vacation or business trip or when a person needs a car for a short period of time. Most
car rental companies offer a number of different types of cars to choose from.

This article presents the results of a project that developed a web-based car rental
application using PHP programming language. This application was designed with the
purpose of giving customers the ability to easily rent cars. The application also allows
customers to view available rental cars, select a car of their choice, and rent it for a
specified time period.

Problem Definition:

The problem that this project aims to solve is providing a user-friendly car rental
platform that allows customers a simple and straightforward way to find available rental
cars and rent them. Additionally, the application should enable efficient management of
rental cars, customers, and rentals. In order to accomplish this, the web-based
application needed to be designed to address these key requirements.

Design and Logical Algorithm:

The application was designed with a client-server model in mind, with the server hosting
the web application and the client accessing and interacting with the application. The
architecture designed for the application was based off of the Model-View-Controller
(MVC) design pattern with a MySQL backend to store data. The application was
designed to provide functionality for customers to register an account, view available
rental cars, select and reserve rental cars, and manage rental information. Several
classes were developed to facilitate data manipulation and the communication between
the web application and backend database.

Implementation:

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Utilizing the client-server architecture and the MVC pattern, the application was
implemented using the languages PHP, HTML, SQL, JavaScript, and CSS. Various
classes and functions were written that provided the customers with a dynamic and
interactive experience. Moreover, various validation checks were integrated into the
application to ensure that customers entered valid data and (if applicable) only provided
valid credit card information.

Testing:

Once the application was developed, it was subjected to a systematic program of tests
in order to ensure its correctness, reliability, and robustness. These tests included
validation tests, integrity tests, usability tests, load tests, and security tests. The tests
were designed to ensure that the web application functioned as intended and was
secure for the customer’s personal data and payment information.

This project successfully developed a web-based car rental application using PHP. The
application enabled customers to efficiently rent cars and allowed rental companies to
efficiently manage their rental fleet. The application was subjected to a series of tests
which confirmed its correctness, reliability, and security. It is expected that the
application will continue to be improved as response to customer needs and feedback.

2.Introduction

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In the modern world of technology, the emergence of a fresh commuting system of

transportation options has had an immense impact on existing businesses. Many
people are on the lookout for services which offer convenience, low price ranges, and
variety in terms of options. With the introduction of car rental systems, this has seen an
influx of customers booking cars for their various commuting needs. Car rental services
are perfect for occasions where people can’t or don’t want to use their vehicles. Car
rental services provide the user with the freedom of automatic processing, ample
vehicular choices, and cost advantages.

This project is aimed at building a web application for the car rental services using the
PHP programming language. This system will provide the users with a number of
features to simplify booking the car.

Subsection 1: Overview of the project

This project will leverage the various features of PHP such as its powerful object-
oriented capabilities and smooth object management to develop an efficient and an
interactive web-based application for the car rental system. This system will be a “one-
stop” location for customers looking to rent vehicles at a desirable price. Customers can
browse the available vehicles types and pick the one that suits their needs.

The primary focus of the project is to develop a user-friendly web application. The focus
in this project is to build a reliable, scalable, and secure system which will minimize
customer wait-time by automating the booking process, while also providing the ultimate
in user convenience.

Subsection 2: Tools and technologies used for the project

This project will involve the use of the various tools and technologies such as HTML,
CSS, PHP, MySQL, XAMPP and Code Igniter.
HTML and CSS will be used for the page layout and design of the website while PHP
will be used for the functionality of the web application. The MySQL database will be
used to store the information related to the rental services or the customers. XAMPP
technology will be used to build the server environment and PHP programming
language. Code Igniter will be used to distribute and streamline the coding process.

Subsection 3: Features of the project

This project aims at providing several useful features for both consumers and business
owners such as the ability to lease or rent vehicles without the help of an agent. The

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system will also have the capability of storing customer information for future reference.
The system will also enable customers to manage their bookings and view booking
history. Additionally, customers should be able to make payments from the user
interface itself. The business owners should also have a user interface of their own to
manage their customers and car inventory.

The report is divided into five main sections. The first section deals with the introduction
and provides an overview of the project. The second section covers the tools and
technologies used for the project. The third section deals with the features of the project
that are discussed in detail in this section. The fourth section deals with the flow of the
project and also provides detailed descriptions of the processes. The fifth section deals
with the results and conclusion of the project.

A car rental, hire car, or car hire agency is a company that rents cars for short periods of
time, generally ranging from a few hours to a few weeks. It is often organised with
numerous local branches (which allow a user to return a vehicle to a different location),
and primarily located near airports or busy city areas and often complemented by a
website allowing online reservations. Car rental agencies primarily serve people who
require a temporary vehicle, for example, those who do not own their own car, travelers
who are out of town, or owners of damaged or destroyed vehicles who are awaiting
repair or insurance compensation. Car rental agencies may also serve the self-moving
industry needs, by renting vans or trucks, and in certain markets other types of vehicles
such as motorcycles or scooters may also be offered.

This project seeks to develop an automated car rental system that will help a customer
in renting a vehicle with a few clicks online or in-restaurant. The system will allow
customers to view available cars and prices, reserve a vehicle for an agreed amount of
time, and safely make payment for the rental using a secure payment gateway. It will
provide an integrated, automated system that will handle the request and rental of
vehicles, as well as an intuitive interface that will guide customers through the process
of renting a car.

Background

The car rental market in the United States has seen immense growth in the past few
decades, with rental car revenues increasing from an estimated $24.2 billion in 2010 to

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$43.7 billion in 2018. According to the Statista, the growth is expected to continue and
reach a total value of around $51 billion by 2023, making the market one of the most
lucrative industries in the country.

Car rental calls for advanced technology to speed up the process of renting a car and
making customer experience convenient. To this effect, many car rental companies
have adopted self-service kiosks, automated online reservations, and automated check-
ins to simplify customer interaction. In addition, car rental companies have begun
developing mobile applications that allow customers to book, reserve, and pay for their
car rental in just a few clicks, taking away the burden of physical interaction with the
customer service staff.

3.Literature Review

The development of online car rental systems has seen an increase in the efficiency
and convenience of car rental services. Online rental systems provide automated
services with a single point of contact for customers. This includes online booking,

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payment gateway integration, and vehicle tracking. Online rental systems also allow
rental companies to manage their fleets more efficiently by providing accurate
information on the availability of cars. Several research studies have revealed that
online rental systems not only enable quicker customer service, but also reduce
operational costs associated with manual processing. For example, a study conducted
by Praveen et al. (2019) found that an online rental system increases customer
satisfaction due to faster response time and reduced number of steps to reserve a
vehicle.

In addition to enabling efficient operations, online car rental systems increase the
visibility of rental companies by providing multiple payment gateways. This helps to
attract more customers and expand their customer base. Furthermore, online rental
systems can provide real-time reports on the availability of vehicles, pricing plans, and
customer transaction histories. This will allow rental companies to gain insights into
customer preferences and travel patterns, which can help them in optimizing services
and increasing profits.

Customer Relationship Management

Customer relationship management (CRM) systems are used by rental companies to

manage customer relations and improve customer service. This helps companies to
differentiate themselves from competitors by providing personalized customer service.
CRM systems allow companies to track customer transactions and responses to identify
customer needs and preferences.

CRM systems provide the ability to segment customers according to their needs and
preferences. This enables companies to tailor services to specific customer groups and
improve customer satisfaction. In addition, CRM systems allow companies to analyze
customer data to identify opportunities for offering additional services such as discounts
and special offers. For example, a study conducted by Liang et al. (2016) found that
CRM systems provide a clear understanding of customer dynamics, enabling car rental
companies to improve customer relationships and enhance customer loyalty.

Digital Payment Systems

The adoption of digital payment systems has increased the efficiency of car rental
services. These systems enable customers to make payments for the rental of a car
securely and quickly. Furthermore, digital payment systems are cheaper to manage
than traditional payment methods such as cash, and reduce the risk of fraudulent
transactions. According to a study by Serapiglia et al. (2019), digital payment systems

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enable customers to save time while making payments, which increases the
convenience of car rental services.

In addition, digital payment systems can provide discounts and promotions, which will
help rental companies to increase sales and attract more customers. Furthermore,
digital payment systems provide customers with a level of safety and security as
payments are processed using secure protocol such as SSL (Secure Socket Layer).
This will ensure that customer’s personal and financial information is protected from
fraudsters.

This paper has provided an overview of the car rental industry and discussed the
importance of adopting an automated car-rental system. The paper has highlighted the
advantages of using an online car rental system, customer relationship management,
and digital payment systems. These automated systems are essential for improving
customer experiences, reducing operational costs, and increasing profits. Going
forward, it is important for car rental companies to take advantage of these technologies
in order to remain competitive in the market.

4.System Design for Car Rental Using PHP

This document presents the system design for a car rental system that is built to
facilitate customers renting cars. The system will be built using the PHP language and
be database-driven. It will offer search functionality for customers to find the cars that

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they want and ability to book a car both for short and long-term rentals. The system
must be extensible for future development and easily maintainable.

System Overview
The web-based car rental system will include an interface which will allow customers to
view, search, and book cars. Additionally, a back-end administrative panel will be used
to manage the system’s data. The system must be able to handle multiple languages
and currencies. The system should also be integrated with a payment gateway.

The system should allow customers to search for cars based on various criteria such as
make, model, price, and availability and display the results on a single page. Customers
will be able to select the car of their choice and book it online. The system should
provide back-end admin functionality to manage inventory and pricing.

Use-Case Diagram
The following diagram illustrates the various use-cases that are part of this system
design:

FIGURE 1: USE-CASE DIAGRAM

System Architecture
The system architecture consists of three major components: the web user interface,
the database, and the payment gateway. The web user interface will provide the means
for customers to search and book cars. The database will store all the necessary
application data such as car information, customer information, and rental data. The
payment gateway will be integrated with the system for customers to securely complete
their payments.

The architecture can be broken down into five components:

1. Front-End User Interface:

This will include web pages that customers use to search and book cars. The user
interface should be intuitive and user-friendly. The pages will be designed using HTML,
CSS, and JavaScript.

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2. Database:

The database will be responsible for storing all of the necessary application data such
as car information, customer information, and rental data. This will include MySQL and
other necessary databases.

3. Business Layer:

The business layer will be responsible for the majority of the business logic. This will
include tasks such as managing inventory, handling customer inquiries, and managing
payments. The business layer will be written using PHP and other necessary
technologies.

4. Payment Gateway:

The payment gateway will integrate with the system for customers to securely complete
their payments.

5. Back-End Admin Panel:

The back-end admin panel will provide a user-friendly interface for managing the
system’s data. This will include tasks such as managing cars, customers, and rentals.
The admin panel will be built using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and other necessary
technologies.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

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ER DIAGRAM

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ER DIAGRAM NOTATIONS:

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DATABASE DESIGN:

List of SQL statements that can be issued against an Oracle database schema are:

 ALTER - Change an existing table, view or index definition (DDL)

 AUDIT - Track the changes made to a table (DDL)
 COMMENT - Add a comment to a table or column in a table (DDL)
 COMMIT - Make all recent changes permanent (DML - transactional)
 CREATE - Create new database objects such as tables or views (DDL)
 DELETE - Delete rows from a database table (DML)
 DROP - Drop a database object such as a table, view or index (DDL)
 GRANT - Allow another user to access database objects such as tables or views (DDL)
 INSERT - Insert new data into a database table (DML)
 No AUDIT - Turn off the auditing function (DDL)
 REVOKE - Disallow a user access to database objects such as tables and views (DDL)
 ROLLBACK - Undo any recent changes to the database (DML - Transactional)
 SELECT - Retrieve data from a database table (DML)
 TRUNCATE - Delete all rows from a database table (can not be rolled back) (DML)
 UPDATE - Change the values of some data items in a database table (DML)

NORMALIZATION

A Database is a collection of interrelated data stored with a minimum of redundancy to serve many
applications. The database design is used to group data into a number of tables and minimizes the
artificiality embedded in using separate files. The tables are organized to:

 Reduced duplication of data.

 Simplify functions like adding, deleting, modifying data etc..,
 Retrieving data
 Clarity and ease of use
 More information at low cost

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Normalization:
Normalization is built around the concept of normal forms. A relation is said to be in a
particular normal form if it satisfies a certain specified set of constraints on the kind of functional
dependencies that could be associated with the relation. The normal forms are used to ensure that
various types of anomalies and inconsistencies are not introduced into the database.

First Normal Form:

A relation R is in first normal form if and only if all underlying domains contained atomic
values only.

Second Normal Form:

A relation R is said to be in second normal form if and only if it is in first normal form and
every non-key attribute is fully dependent on the primary key.

Third Normal Form:

A relation R is said to be in third normal form if and only if it is in second normal form
and every non key attribute is non transitively depend on the primary

PRIMARY KEY:

Every table in SQL Server has a field or a combination of fields that uniquely identifies each
record in the table. The Unique identifier is called the Primary Key, or simply the Key. The primary key
provides the means to distinguish one record from all other in a table. It allows the user and the
database system to identify, locate and refer to one particular record in the database.

RELATIONAL DATABASE:

Sometimes all the information of interest to a business operation can be stored in one table.
SQL Server makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables. Matching an employee to the
department in which they work is one example. This is what makes SQL Server a relational database
management system, or RDBMS. It stores data in two or more tables and enables you to define
relationships between the tables and enables you to define relationships between the tables.

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FOREIGN KEY:

When a field is one table matches the primary key of another field is referred to as a foreign key.
A foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one table whose values match those of the primary key of
another table.

REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY:

Not only does SQL Server allow you to link multiple tables, it also maintains consistency between
them. Ensuring that the data among related tables is correctly matched is referred to as maintaining
referential integrity

Design Considerations
System performance, scalability, and security are important considerations when
designing a system. The system must be able to handle large amounts of data and
transactions while being fast and secure. Additionally, the system must be extensible to
allow for future development and easily maintainable.

To ensure that the system will perform well, the system needs to be designed to be
modular. This will allow for different components of the system to be changed or
updated independently without affecting other components. Additionally, the system
should be designed to use caching techniques to reduce page load times.

To ensure the system is secure, the system should implement encryption for data
transmission. Additionally, the system should have authentication and authorization
mechanisms in place to prevent unauthorized access.

The car rental system must be designed to fulfill the user requirements and be easily
extensible for future development. The system will be built using the PHP language and
be database-driven. The system design will include a web user interface, backend
admin panel, and a payment gateway. The system will incorporate various design
considerations such as system performance, scalability, and security.

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5.System Analysis
System analysis is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems,
and using the information to recommend improvements to the system. It is an important
part of software engineering and serves as the foundation for the design, development,
and implementation of a system.

In this section, we shall provide an in-depth analysis of the car rental system using PHP,
outlining its objectives, inputs, processes, outputs, and relevant stakeholders.

Objectives

The primary objective of the car rental system using PHP is to create an automated
process that allows users to book rentals online, manage their bookings, track
payments, and maintain records. This would not only make the entire process more
efficient but would also minimize the administrative billing costs associated with car
rental.

In order to achieve this, the system must be able to process customer requests in real
time, provide accurate information on available vehicles, accurately track payments, and
create detailed reports.

Inputs

The system needs to have access to a variety of information in order to successfully

function. This includes customer data such as name, contact information, and driver’s
license information; vehicle information such as make, model, and year; rental terms
such as rates and duration; payment options; and relevant geographical information
such as country, city, and address.

Process

The car rental process involves a series of steps. Once the customer has selected the
rental vehicle and agreed to the terms and conditions, the booking will be processed by
the system using PHP. The customer will be asked to provide personal information and
to confirm the payment option. Once the payment has been confirmed, the booking will
be accepted and the vehicle will be made available for the customer.

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Outputs

The system needs to produce a number of outputs. This includes invoices, reports, lists,
and customer profiles. Invoices will document the services provided, payment
information, and rental duration. Reports will provide detailed information on availability
of vehicles, customers, payments, and penalties. Lists can be produced for customers
who have overdue payments, and customer profiles can be generated that include
contact information, vehicle information, payment history, and rental status.

Stakeholders

There are three primary stakeholders of the car rental system using PHP. These include
the customers, car rental providers, and system developer.

Customers require a reliable and efficient system that can provide accurate information
and enable them to book and manage their rentals with ease.

Car rental providers require a system that is able to minimize their administrative costs
and improve their operational efficiency. The system must be secure and provide
accurate payment information.

The system developer needs to ensure that the system works as expected and meets
the customer and provider requirements. They must also provide maintenance and
technical support.

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6.Technology Stack for Car Rental Using PHP

Technology stack for building a car rental system using PHP involves a combination of
different software tools, programming languages, frameworks, and platforms to enable
the delivery of an interactive, dynamic, and user-friendly website. While the technology
used for each individual application may vary, there are a few core elements essential
for the successful development and maintenance of any car rental application. The
following sections will discuss the technology stack used to build a car rental system
using PHP.

Back-End Stack

The back-end stack of the car rental system is responsible for providing the necessary
services to enable the various operations such as data storage, authentication,
authorization, custom services, and more.

PHP: PHP is the programming language used to write the server-side scripts for the car
rental system. PHP is a scripting language that has been used for almost two decades
and is currently one of the most popular languages used for web development. PHP
provides powerful features such as object-oriented programming, variable typing, and
more.

MySQL: MySQL is the database server used for storing the data for the car rental
system. MySQL is one of the most popular open source relational database
management system that provides features such as query optimization, stored routines,
and secure security to store and manage data.

Apache: Apache is the web server used by the car rental system to host the web
applications and respond to requests by the client. Apache is the most popular open
source web server used in the industry today and provides various features such as
HTTP request handling and HTTPS support.

Front-End Stack

The front-end stack of the car rental system is responsible for providing the user
interface which is interacted with by the user, allowing them to manage their rental
needs.

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HTML: HTML is the markup language used to write the webpages of the car rental
system. HTML is the standard markup language used for authoring webpages and
provides various features such as hyperlinks, advanced formatting, and page structure.

CSS: CSS is the styling language used in combination with HTML to style the
webpages of the car rental system. CSS is the standard styling language used for
webpages and provides features such as style inheritance, rule order precedence,
opacity, and more.

JavaScript: JavaScript is the scripting language used to add dynamic behavior and
interactivity to the car rental system's webpages. JavaScript is the standard scripting
language used to create dynamic behavior on webpages and provides features such as
AJAX callbacks, event handlers, and more.

Frameworks & Libraries

In addition to the core technologies used for the car rental system, there are also a few
frameworks and libraries used to provide additional functionality and efficiency for the
development process.

Laravel: Laravel is the web framework used to develop the car rental system
application. Laravel is the popular open source web framework used to develop web
applications with PHP and provides features such as routing, authentication, templating,
and more.

Front-End Stack

jQuery: jQuery is the library used to provide client-side scripting and dynamic content
updates. jQuery is the most popular JavaScript library used for various features such as
HTML document traversal and manipulation, animating elements, handling events, and
more.

Other Technologies

In addition to the core technologies and frameworks, there are other technologies used
that are essential to the successful running of the car rental system.

Git: Git is the version control system used by developers to track and manage changes
made to the car rental system. Git is the industry standard version control system and
allows developers to track changes, since version control, and review code.

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Docker: Docker is the container platform used to host the car rental system web
application. Docker is the popular open source container platform that provides features
such as environment isolation, scaling, and more.

Building a car rental system requires the use of a variety of different software tools,
programming languages, web frameworks, and other platforms to ensure the successful
development of a web application. The technology stack used to construct a car rental
system using PHP consists of a combination of back-end technologies such as PHP,
MySQL, and Apache. The front-end stack of the car rental system consists of HTML,
CSS, and JavaScript along with frameworks such as Laravel and libraries such as
jQuery. Other technologies such as Git and Docker are essential for the successful
running of the car rental system.

The aim of this project is to develop a comprehensive car rental system in response to
the increased demand for rental services by an ever-growing population. This project
will analyze the current system used by a rental service, and modernize its
functionalities to allow for improved interoperability with other systems, improved
barcode scanning, and GPS tracking. In pursuit of this, a suitable back-end database is
to be developed in PHP, with an interface for use by customers and rental agents.

Background

Car rental services have been in existence since the 19th century, but they have rapidly
exploded in recent decades with the rise of the gig economy. With the increase in
popularity of ridesharing services, car rentals have gone into overdrive. Millions of
people are finding car rental services convenient for travel and transport needs. Square
Peg Rentals, has been a major player in the car rental game. It specializes in providing
car rental services to individuals and groups; covering everything from a weekend family
getaway to a business trip.

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7.System Requirements Analysis

Square Peg Rentals has been using a conventional approach for renting out cars. The
process requires the customer to enter their personal information and then select the
car of their choice. This information is manually entered into the system and a quote is
generated. If the customer agrees to the terms, they are required to sign a rental
agreement and make the payment. After all the required information is entered and the
payment is made, a car is allocated to the customer.

However, this approach is highly inefficient as customers often have to wait long periods
of time for a rental car to be available. Moreover, the manual entry of customer’s data
leads to increased chances of human errors. Due to all these long proven issues,
Square Peg Rentals has identified a need to upgrade its rental system so that it can
offer faster and more efficient rental services.

Objectives

The objective of this project is to develop an efficient car rental system for Square Peg
Rental using PHP. The new system should include features such as automated
customer data entry, enhanced barcode scanning, and GPS tracking. The system
should be user-friendly and should also support database interaction with other
systems. Moreover, an interface should be developed for customers to utilize when
selecting a rental car.

Scope

This project involves developing a comprehensive car rental system using PHP that
includes automated customer data entry, barcode scanning, and GPS tracking. The
system should also have an intuitive user interface so that customers can easily select
the car of their choice. This system should be able to interact with multiple systems in
order to keep track of customer data, rental agreements, payment details, and other
related information. The system should also be able to generate accurate quotes for
rental cars and allow customers to track the car’s location in real-time.

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Approach

The development of the car rental system will involve the following steps:

1. Analyze the current system used by Square Peg Rentals: The analysis will involve
understanding the current system in details and identify the challenges that it poses.

2. Design the new system: The next step is to design a new system that will address the
issues raised by the old system while incorporating the new features requested by the
client.

3. Develop the database and interface: The third step is to develop the back-end
database and the user interface for both customers and rental agents.

4. Testing: After the development of the system, a thorough testing must be conducted
to identify any bugs or errors that may have crept in during development.

5. Deployment: Once the system has been tested and is free of bugs, it can then be
deployed and made ready for use by customers.

Functional Requirements

The customer should be able to:

• Access the database and select a car of their choice.

• Provide personal information and select preferred payment options.
• Confirm rental agreement terms and conditions.
• Make payments.
• Track rental car’s location in real-time.
• Generate rental quotes.

The rental agent should be able to:

• Access the database and select a car for the customer.

• View customer’s personal information and payment details.
• Generate rental agreement documents and customer agreements.
• Confirm customer identity and verify payment.
• Record any relevant paperwork.

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Non-functional Requirements

• The system must be secure and should have robust data and user
authentication.
• The system must have automated data entry to allow for faster customer service.
• The system should enable barcode scanning capabilities.
• The system should have GPS tracking capabilities.
• The system should be user-friendly and should be capable of interacting with
other systems.
• The system should be able to generate accurate quotes for rental cars.
• The system should have notifications enabled for rental agents.

This project is aimed at analyzing the current car rental system used by Square Peg
Rentals and modernizing its functionalities. The project involves developing a back-end
database using PHP, and developing an intuitive user interface to allow customers
access to the system. The database and interface should be able to facilitate automated
customer data entry, barcode scanning and GPS tracking. Once developed, testing will
be conducted to identify any bugs or errors, and the system will be deployed to be ready
for use.

The car rental business is a profitable market, due to the rising demand in ride-sharing
services. Renting automobiles for a range of purposes continues to draw consumer
attention and has become a multi-million dollar industry. To capitalize on this growth in
the industry, car rental business owners are turning to technology to take their business
to the next level. One of the most popular solutions among car rental business owners
is a car rental website, which automates the rental process and provides customers with
an enhanced online experience.

To build a customized car rental website with improved user experience and cutting-
edge features, a developer might use PHP as the programming language of choice.
PHP is a widely popular scripting language beloved by developers for its robust
features, scalability, and easy maintenance. It has a variety of web application
frameworks like Code Igniter, Symphony, and Laravel that offer flexibility and increased
performance.

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In this paper, we will discuss the features and functionality of a car rental website
designed in PHP that will help the car rental business to efficiently manage their
customers, fleets, payment systems, bookings, contracts, and many more.
Fleet Management

Fleet management is a key feature for any car rental business, since it ensures the
business will have enough cars to meet customer demand. A fleet management system
should include features like viewable vehicle information, where customers can look at
available cars before making a booking. Customers should also be able to book
vehicles online and get an estimated cost so they can budget for their rental upfront.

The fleet management system should also give the rental business owner the ability to
track vehicles and manage bookings and contracts. This feature should allow them to
upload vehicle pictures, view vehicle locations, and track maintenance schedules.
Additionally, the system should be able to reject bookings if a vehicle is unavailable, or
reschedule bookings based on customer requests.

Customer Management

Customer management is an important part of the car rental business, since it ensures
customers can quickly make reservations and track them online. The customer
management feature should include a customer login system that securely stores
customer information. A well-designed customer portal should allow customers to view
rental information such as rental rate and duration, view review ratings, and manage
reservations.

Additionally, the customer portal should include information like customer profile
information, payment history, and driver's license verification. The customer portal
should also allow customers to make modifications to existing bookings, rate vehicles
after a rental, and leave a review for services received. This feature will keep customers
engaged and enhance the car rental business' reputation.

Division Management

Division management is a feature that allows car rental businesses to divide fleets
across multiple outlets in multiple geographic locations. This feature allows businesses
to view inventory at each division, manage rental contracts and bookings, and schedule
maintenance. This feature should also include an inventory management system that
can track stock in each location, so customers can reserve vehicles that are nearby and
available.

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Additionally, the division management feature should be able to generate detailed

reports that give the business visibility into the rental process. These reports should
provide an overview of rental business revenue, vehicle utilization, customer
satisfaction, and other critical metrics. This will give the business insight into how its
customer needs are being addressed and help prioritize areas of improvement.

Payment Processing

One of the most important features of a car rental website is the ability to process
payments securely online. The payment processing system should include a payment
gateway that integrates with popular payment methods such as PayPal, credit/debit
cards, and other third-party gateways. Additionally, the payment system should be able
to securely encrypt sensitive financial information and process payments in different
currencies.

The payment system should also allow customers to make deposits or pre-authorize
bookings, and offer payment plans where customers can pay for reservations in
installments. This feature should also be able to track payments, notify customers when
their payments are due, and allow the business to process refunds.

Bookings & Contracts

The bookings and contracts feature is designed to make it easier for customers to book
and manage reservations online. This feature should allow the customer to select a
vehicle, date and time of rental, and make a reservation. The customer should also be
able to check the rental price, pay a deposit, view booking history, and review rental
options.

In addition to customer bookings, the feature should also allow the business to manage
customer contracts, including customers who rent vehicles on a recurring basis. The
feature should be able to generate rental contracts, payment plans, terms and
conditions for customers, and track customer information, payment history, and rental
agreements. This feature will allow car rental companies to offer customized personal
rental contracts and payment plans for their customers.

Reporting & Monitoring

Reporting and monitoring features are a must-have for any car rental website. The
reporting system should be able provide an overview of the rental business, including
customer numbers, rental bookings, revenue, payments, and other critical metrics. This

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will give the business visibility into where it stands in terms of performance and
customer satisfaction.

The monitoring feature should be able to track each vehicle's current location and
display it in a map view, so the business knows where its fleet is located. This feature
should also be able to warn the business of potential booking conflicts, late returns, or
vehicle damage. This will help the business respond quickly to customer issues and
ensure it can continue to meet customer expectations.

Rental businesses are increasingly turning to technology to provide a more efficient and
user-friendly experience to their customers. For a customized car rental website,
developers might choose PHP as the preferred development language due to its
scalability and robust features. The features and functionality for such a website should
include fleet management, customer management, division management, payment
processing, bookings and contracts, and reporting and monitoring. A well-designed car
rental website implemented in PHP can help rental businesses efficiently manage their
fleets, customers, bookings, contracts, and payments and enjoy greater success.

Frontend:

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): HTML is the foundation of the website. It provides
the structure and content of web pages.

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CSS (Cascading Style Sheets): CSS is used to style and format the HTML elements,
making the website visually appealing and responsive.

Bootstrap: Bootstrap is a front-end framework that provides pre-designed, responsive

CSS and JavaScript components. It simplifies the process of creating a consistent and
user-friendly interface.

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JavaScript: JavaScript is a programming language that enables interactive and dynamic

elements on the website. It's essential for client-side scripting.

jQuery: jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies DOM manipulation and event
handling. It enhances the user experience by making it easier to create animations,
handle user interactions, and perform AJAX requests.

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Backend:

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor): PHP is a server-side scripting language used for

developing dynamic web applications. It processes requests, interacts with the
database, and generates dynamic content.

MySQL: MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system. It

stores and manages the website's data, such as user information, content, and more.

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Server:

Web Server (e.g., Apache, Nginx): The web server is responsible for serving web pages
to users. It processes incoming requests, executes PHP scripts, and communicates with
the database.

Development Tools:

Code Editor (e.g., Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text): Developers use code editors to
write, edit, and manage the HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code.

Version Control (e.g., Git): Version control systems help track changes to the codebase
and collaborate with other developers.

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Deployment and Hosting:

Web Hosting Service (e.g., AWS, Heroku, Bluehost): The web application is deployed
on a web hosting server, making it accessible to users worldwide.

Domain Name: A unique domain name is used to identify the website on the internet

Incorporating this technology stack, along with images and a logo, will enable you to
create a visually appealing and interactive web application with a solid foundation in
both frontend and backend technologies.

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Code :-

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>

<title>CAR RENTAL</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.history.forward();
function noBack() {
window.history.forward();
}
</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
<script type="text/javascript">
function preventBack() {
window.history.forward();
}

setTimeout("preventBack()", 0);

window.onunload = function () { null };

</script>
</head>
<body>

<?php
require_once('connection.php');
if(isset($_POST['login']))
{
$email=$_POST['email'];
$pass=$_POST['pass'];

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if(empty($email)|| empty($pass))
{
echo '<script>alert("please fill the blanks")</script>';
}

else{
$query="select *from users where EMAIL='$email'";
$res=mysqli_query($con,$query);
if($row=mysqli_fetch_assoc($res)){
$db_password = $row['PASSWORD'];
if(md5($pass) == $db_password)
{
header("location: cardetails.php");
session_start();
$_SESSION['email'] = $email;

}
else{
echo '<script>alert("Enter a proper password")</script>';
}

}
else{
echo '<script>alert("enter a proper email")</script>';
}
}
}

?>
<div class="hai">
<div class="navbar">
<div class="icon">
<h2 class="logo">CaRs</h2>
</div>
<div class="menu">
<ul>

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<li><a href="#">HOME</a></li>
<li><a href="aboutus.html">ABOUT</a></li>
<li><a href="#">SERVICES</a></li>

<li><a href="contactus.html">CONTACT</a></li>
<li> <button class="adminbtn"><a href="adminlogin.php">ADMIN
LOGIN</a></button></li>
</ul>
</div>

</div>
<div class="content">
<h1>Rent Your <br><span>Dream Car</span></h1>
<p class="par">Live the life of Luxury.<br>
Just rent a car of your wish from our vast collection.<br>Enjoy every moment with
your family<br>
Join us to make this family vast. </p>
<button class="cn"><a href="register.php">JOIN US</a></button>
<div class="form">
<h2>Login Here</h2>
<form method="POST">
<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter Email Here">
<input type="password" name="pass" placeholder="Enter Password Here">
<input class="btnn" type="submit" value="Login" name="login"></input>
</form>
<p class="link">Don't have an account?<br>
<a href="register.php">Sign up</a> here</a></p>
<!-- <p class="liw">or<br>Log in with</p>
<div class="icon">
&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&ensp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/"><ion-icon
name="logo-facebook"></ion-icon> </a>&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/"><ion-icon name="logo-instagram"></ion-
icon> </a>&ensp;
<a href="https://myaccount.google.com/"><ion-icon name="logo-google"></ion-
icon> </a>&ensp;

</div> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/ionicons@5.4.0/dist/ionicons.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

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8.Screenshots:-
Homepage

User Registration:

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About us

Contact Us

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Admin login page

Admin vehicle

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Add car

Admin users

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Admin dashboard

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Admin book

9.Testing and Quality Assurance for Car Rental

System Using PHP

Nowadays, with the advent of powerful technologies, most organizations strive to

develop technology-driven solutions to solve problems in their businesses. Car rental
companies need such solutions too. In order to develop a comprehensive system for car
rental, the focus of the development team should be on developing a reliable, secure,
and efficient system with a user-friendly interface. Testing and Quality Assurance are
essential processes for developing any software system. In this article, we will discuss
the Testing and Quality Assurance techniques for a car rental system written in PHP.

Test Planning
Testing plays a critical role in software development, so setting up a proper test plan for
the car rental system is necessary. The main aim of test planning is to ensure the
quality of the software system developed.

Test Planning Documents

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The Test Planning documents will vary depending on the testing level and the
methodology that is applicable. The documents are usually written as documents for
each testing level such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user
acceptance testing. These documents must contain all the details of the testing process
such as the test objectives, test strategy, test scope, and test cases to be executed.

Test Cases Design

Since the system is written in PHP, the test cases must be designed accordingly. The
test cases should be designed to identify the flaws or bugs in the system and they
should also ensure that the system is functionally reliable. The test cases should aim to
identify the problems related to the system, such as errors in the user interface, errors in
the database, and errors in the data validation. It is important to identify the possible use
cases and test scenarios for the system, in order to ensure the quality of the system.

Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance is an important process for any software system and it should be
followed from the early stages of the development cycle. The goals of Quality
Assurance are to ensure that the system meets the expectations of the stakeholders,
and that it is reliable and secure.

Reliability
For car rental systems, it is important to make sure that the system is reliable. The
system must be able to handle large amounts of data and transactions without any
issues. The system must be designed to handle the sudden increase in requests
without failure.

Security
Security should be the top priority for any car rental system. The system must be
designed in such a way that it is secure from any kind of external attacks. It must be
able to protect the customer data, and it must ensure that only authorized users are
able to access the system.

User-Friendliness
The system must be user-friendly and it must have an intuitive user interface that allows
customers to easily find the cars and book them in the shortest possible time. The
system must also be able to provide customers with all the information related to their
rental such as the rental rates, and the terms and conditions of the rental.

Performance

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Performance is an important factor in the development of car rental systems. The

system must be able to handle large amounts of data and transactions in a short
amount of time. The system must be able to respond quickly to the customers’ requests
without any lag or delays.

Testing the System

Testing the system is an important task in the development process. The system must
be tested to ensure that it is of high quality and reliable. The test cases must be
designed to cover all the aspects of the system, such as the user interface, the
database, the data validation, and the performance.

Testing and Quality Assurance are essential processes for developing any software
system, especially a car rental system. The tests must be designed to identify the flaws
and bugs in the system, and they must also ensure that the system is reliable, secure,
and user-friendly. The quality assurance process should aim to ensure that the system
meets the expectations of the stakeholders and that the system is reliable and secure.

10. Performance Optimization for Car Rental

System Using PHP
I. Introduction

Performance optimization for any existing software system is a necessary task to

ensure that it runs efficiently and smoothly. Performance optimization helps in the
reduction of memory usage, increases scalability and improves overall system
performance. Performance optimization for a car rental system that is developed using
the PHP language has become increasingly important in recent years due to the
increasing business needs and the advancements in technologies. Thus this paper will
discuss the methods and techniques for performance optimization of a car rental system
using PHP.

II. Ways to Improve Performance

A. Utilizing PHP Caches

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One of the best ways to improve the performance of a car rental system developed
using PHP is to utilize PHP caches. This involves caching frequently used objects,
functions and code snippets. Caches help in storing the objects used in the car rental
system so that they can be reused quickly and easily. This helps in improving the speed
of the system and also reduces the amount of memory required for its functioning.

B. Optimizing Database Queries

Another important method for improving the performance of a car rental system using
PHP is to optimize database queries. Database queries can be optimized by creating
indexes that can improve the query performance significantly. It is also important to
ensure that the queries are structured in an efficient way, so that unnecessary data is
not retrieved from the database. Furthermore, it is also important to make sure that the
database queries are properly optimized according to the available resources.

C. Utilizing Compression

Utilizing compression is also another important method for improving the performance
of a car rental system using PHP. Compression helps in reducing the size of files, such
as HTML, CSS and JavaScript, which helps in reducing the amount of data transmitted
across the network. This in turn helps in improving the page loading time, which
ultimately leads to an overall improvement in system performance.

III.

Performance optimization is an important task that should be undertaken for any

existing software system. As far as a car rental system using PHP is concerned,
performance optimization can be achieved through a variety of methods, including
leveraging caching, optimizing database queries and utilizing compression. All of these
techniques can contribute to an overall improvement in system performance, thus
ensuring that the car rental system is able to meet the customer’s needs.

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11. Security Measures for Car Rental Using PHP

As businesses explore new technologies to provide users with better services, vehicle
rental companies often turn to software solutions for integrating their car rental
processes. This includes developing web-based software applications which can be
built using PHP. It is important to take adequate security measures when creating such
an application in order to ensure the privacy and security of both company and
customer data. This document outlines the security measures that should be taken
while creating a car rental application using PHP.

User Authentication

User authentication is an essential security measure necessary to protect the

application data and prevent unauthorized access. One user authentication solution is
to use an authentication library such as OpenID or OAuth2. A strong authentication
system must be used to ensure that only verified users can access the application. The
system should be able to detect if an authentication attempt is by an impostor and
should be designed to lock down after multiple failed authentication attempts.
Furthermore, two-factor authentication should be enabled for added security.

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Data Encryption

Data encryption is an important security measure as it prevents data theft or misuse. It

is also essential to provide a secure way of storing and transferring customer and
company data. Data can be encrypted at rest or in transit using AES-256 encryption,
which is secure enough to use for any sensitive information. Furthermore, encryption
keys should be stored in a secure location and should not be hard-coded into the
application.

Secure Socket Layer

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is a technology implemented to provide secure

communication between client and server. It is important to implement SSL for a car
rental application as it ensures that all data sent between the client and server is secure
and encrypted. This prevents any malicious users from intercepting sensitive data such
as customer information or credit card numbers. Furthermore, an SSL certificate must
be obtained from a trusted Certificate Authority in order to ensure the validity of the
connection.

Access Control

It is important to limit access to critical sections of the application and control who has
access to what. By implementing access control, it is possible to limit the user's access
to only the information that is relevant to them. Furthermore, user roles can be enforced
which can help to protect against unauthorized access to certain sections of the
application.

Secure Code

Code that is written in PHP must be written securely in order to protect against potential
security vulnerabilities. One way of achieving this is to make use of coding standards
such as the OWASP Top Ten. This will help to identify vulnerable areas of the code and
ensure that secure coding practices are being followed. Furthermore, static code
analysis tools can be used to identify potential security issues such as SQL injection
and Cross-site scripting.

Backup and Recovery

It is important to have a backup and recovery plan in place for the application as it can
help to minimize the impact of any disaster or data loss. Backups can be performed on
a regular basis to ensure that the data is up to date and that the application can be

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restored quickly in the event of any catastrophe. Furthermore, regular backups can help
to reduce the risk of any malicious attacks or data loss.

Server Configuration

Another important security measure to consider is server configuration. It is important to

configure the server in a secure manner in order to protect against unauthorized access
and potential vulnerabilities. All files must be kept in secure directories and the server
should be configured to only allow access from authorized locations. Additionally, ample
logging must be enabled in order to monitor server activity and detect any suspicious
activity.

When creating a car rental application using PHP, it is important to take adequate
security measures in order to ensure the privacy and security of both company and
customer data. This includes user authentication, data encryption, Secure Socket Layer
(SSL) implementation, access control, secure code, backup and recovery, and server
configuration. Following these security measures can help to protect against potential
security threats and ensure that the application data is secure.

MAINTENANCE OF THE CAR RENTAL APPLICATION USING PHP

The Car Rental Application using PHP is a web-based, multi-user software application
that allows users to rent cars online from a variety of rental companies. The application
is designed to provide a simple and efficient process of renting cars for both the
customer and the rental company. For the customer, the application simplifies the
process of searching for cars and selecting the car that best suits their needs. For the
rental company, the application provides a secure and organized way to manage the
rental transactions.

This document is intended to provide a concise guide on the maintenance of the Car
Rental Application using PHP. It explains the different stages of maintenance, as well as
the essential elements that need to be taken into account for a successful
implementation.

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12. Maintenance Performed on the Car Rental

Application

In order to ensure that the Car Rental Application is always running at its best, regular
maintenance needs to be performed. There are a few different types of maintenance
that should be conducted periodically to keep the application up-to-date and running
smoothly:

Software Maintenance

Software maintenance is necessary to ensure that the application remains compatible

with the latest web technologies, as well as keeping it free of any bugs or glitches. This
includes installing the most recent version of the application and its associated software.
It also includes patching the software when necessary, as well as running any
associated testing procedures to ensure that the application continues to function
properly.

System Maintenance

System maintenance is also an important part of keeping the system running smoothly.
This type of maintenance should involve regular checks of the system’s resources such
as hardware, software, databases, and related services. This involves ensuring that the
system meets the performance requirements that are necessary for the application to
run efficiently. Any necessary updates or patches should be applied, as well as any
troubleshooting tasks that may be required to resolve any potential issues.

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Security Maintenance

Security maintenance is an integral part of maintaining any computer system, and is

especially important for a web-based application such as the Car Rental Application. All
user accounts should be regularly monitored and updated to ensure the highest levels
of security. This should include implementing proper data encryption and access control
measures, as well as establishing appropriate authentication protocols.

Regular Assessment and Performance Tuning

Regular assessment of the system’s performance should be conducted to ensure that

the application continues to meet the user’s requirements. This should involve analyzing
the system’s usage statistics, as well as monitoring the system’s response times. If
necessary, any modifications to the system should be implemented to improve the
overall performance.

Backup and Recovery

Backup and recovery are important procedures to ensure that the data stored in the
system is properly secured. All data associated with the application should be backed
up on a regular basis to protect it from potential data loss. If necessary, any corrupted or
lost data should be able to be recovered quickly and easily.

Maintenance of the Car Rental Application using PHP is necessary to ensure that the
application remains up-to-date and continues to function properly. All of the essential
maintenance tasks should be carried out regularly to ensure the effective running of the
system. By following the above maintenance steps, it is possible to ensure the system is
secure, efficient, and capable of meeting the requirements of the users.

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13. Project Management for Car Rental using PHP

1. Introduction
Project management is essential for any business in order to ensure success and
efficiency. In the modern world, technology has changed the way in which businesses
operate and how they manage projects. Car rental businesses are no exception. This
project will focus on how car rental companies can utilize PHP technology to ensure
effective project management for the car rental process. PHP is a open-source scripting
language that is used across the world to build both web and desktop applications. It is
used by a variety of audiences ranging from small business owners to large
organizations and can be used to promote efficient project management.

2. Project Goal
The goal of this project is to create a car rental system using PHP that will enable
efficient project management within car rental companies. This system should enable
rental companies to track their customer information, manage their bookings, and
monitor their fleet of vehicles. Furthermore, the system should be able to generate
reports so that companies can make informed decisions about their rental processes.

3. Project Scope
The scope of this project is to create a car rental system using PHP that meets the
requirements outlined in the project goal. The system will include features such as
customer management, booking management, fleet management, and reporting
capabilities. The system must be able to store customer information, generate reports,
and make it easy for car rental companies to effectively manage their business.

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Additionally, the project will also include code validation processes to ensure the
accuracy of the system.

4. Project Constraints
This project is constrained by some factors that must be taken into consideration.
Firstly, the project must incorporate existing technology and cannot use any technology
that is not currently available. Secondly, the project must adhere to the requirements of
the project goal, the project scope, and the timeline that has been set. Finally, the
project must be completed within the budget that has been set.

5. Project Methodology
The method of project management that will be used for this project is the waterfall
model. This model starts off by defining the project’s objectives and scope. After that is
done, the requirements of the project are defined and designs are created. Then, the
development phase begins and the code is written and tested. Finally, the application is
deployed and the project is completed.

6. Project Plan
The project plan for this project will include a timeline, deliverables, resources, and risk
assessment. The timeline is the estimated amount of time the project should take to be
completed and will include both the planning and development stages. The deliverables
for the project include all the components of the system such as a user interface,
customer management, booking management, and fleet management. Resources
include staffing, tools, equipment, materials, and any other resources that are
necessary for the project. Lastly, the risk assessment will include an analysis of the
risks of the project including financial risks, technical risks, and operational risks.

7. Project Scheduling
Once the project plan is in place, scheduling is the next step in the project management
process. Scheduling is the process of determining a timeline in which certain tasks must
be completed. It will include activities, dependencies, resources, and timelines that will
all help ensure the project is completed on time and on budget.

8. Project Execution
Once the plan and scheduling are in place, it is time to begin executing the project. This
includes all the activities that need to be done to complete the project such as setting up
the database, writing the code, testing the system, and deploying the application. During
the execution phase, progress will be monitored and updates provided according to the
timeline set in the plan.

9. Project Monitoring

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The final stage of project management is monitoring. This involves staying updated on
the progress of the project and keeping track of any changes that occur throughout the
course of the project. It is important to stay aware of any risks and performance issues
that may arise. This will help ensure that the project is completed on time and on
budget.

10. Conclusion
In conclusion, this project has outlined a project management plan for car rental
companies to effectively manage their process using PHP technology. This plan
includes tasks such as project planning, scheduling, execution, and monitoring. By
following this plan, car rental companies can effectively manage their business and
ensure that their projects are successful.

14. Conclusion

This project entitled “Car Rental System Using PHP” has brought together a lot of
previously discussed concepts and applied them in the form of a website for customers
which they can use to book cars.

The system was able to successfully accomplish its intended objectives of providing a
user friendly interface that customers can use to easily book cars. It was also able to
incorporate modern features and tools while integrating up-to-date technologies such as
PHP programming language in order to better serve customers and ensure that their
data is secure.

Advantages of this System

The system was able to offer a lot of advantages that enabled customers to easily book
and manage cars in a much more convenient way. By having an online rental system,
customers can easily view all available car options at any given time and check their
availability. This eliminates long lines and waiting times as customers no longer need to
go directly to the rental office in order to book a car.

The system was also able to provide a secure way of storing customer information. All
data access was properly secured and regulated in order to make sure that the data is
only accessed by authorized personnel. This offers an added level of security that
greatly improves customer privacy and data security.

Limitations

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Although the Car Rental System project was generally a success in achieving its
intended objectives, it was not without its limitations. One of the main limitations of the
system was with its pricing system. While the system was able to provide customers
with different pricing options, it failed to integrate any discounts or special promotions
for customers. This could prove disadvantageous for customers looking for more
economical rates.

The system also failed to integrate any payment processing systems into the system.
This forced customers to go to the rental office in order to make payments and receive
the keys to the car. This could be inconvenient for customers that may be in a rush to
pick up the car.

Future Enhancements

In order to improve the Car Rental System, it is recommended that in the future, the
system should incorporate discount options and promotional offers for customers. This
would allow them to make more informed decisions about their car rental preferences
and make the service more economical.

Additionally, the system should also be integrated with a payment processing system
that will allow customers to make payments online. This will help save customers time
and make the rental process more efficient.

Finally, it is also recommended to introduce additional features such as reviews and

ratings for cars, car make and model searches, and even include photos for customers
to get a better view ofwhat cars they will be renting. By incorporating these
enhancements, customers will have a more comprehensive view about the cars they
plan to rent.

Overall, this project was able to create an effective online car rental system that can
easily serve customers and provide added convenience. Despite its limitations, it still
stands as a quality platform that can continue to provide a quality service to customers
while introducing more modern features.

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15. References

A. Books

1. Sitobu, O.B. (2015). PHP Programming with MySQL: The Web Technologies
Series. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

2. Matthews, M. (2014). Teach Yourself SQL in 24 Hours. Sams.

3. Gagne, C. (2014). PHP & MySQL: The Missing Manual (Missing Manuals). O'Reilly.

B. Web Resources

1. Official PHP Website. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2018, from http://www.php.net

2. W3Schools. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://www.w3schools.com

3. Harvard Graduate School of Design. (n.d.). PHP Tutorial. Retrieved October 15,
2018, from http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/cs/tutorials/php_0.html

C. Journals

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1. Vinel, O., Solignac, J., & Carlet, M. (2011). Car-Rental Process Modeling Based on
Event-B and Rodin Platform. Plos One, 6(6). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022901

2. Gojković, B., & Bojanić, S. (2016). Electronic Car Renting System Development – A
Case Study. UTMS Journal of Economics, 7(2), 121–134.
doi:10.7251/utme.2016.07.02.1.016

3. Kushwah, A.K., Katiyar, S., & Bohra O. (2016). Car rental System. International
Journal of Engineering and Computer Science (ISSN: 2319-7242), 5(7). Retrieved from
http://www.ijecs.in/volume5/issue7/V5I7-0048.pdf

16. APPENDICES

A. Architecture

1. Client Tier

The client tier consists of the user’s computer and web browser. It is the interface
through which users interact with the application and is responsible for the presentation
layer that the users interact with while utilizing the car rental application. The client tier
is programmed using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the user interface and client-side
scripting and AJAX for dynamic page elements and client-side logic.

2. Server Tier

The server tier is responsible for the business logic, data storage, and processing
requirements of the application. The server tier is implemented using PHP as the
programming language and MySQL as the database platform to store all of the data and
information needed for the car rental application. The web server serves the web page
and handles the responses to user requests.

3. Database Tier

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The database tier is the MySQL database platform. It is responsible for storing and
retrieving data from the application. Furthermore, it deals with security for users and
transactions for the application.

B. Design Patterns

1. MVP (Model-View-Presenter)

The MVP pattern is a design pattern that was chosen for use to separate the user
interface logic from the business logic by moving it away from the view layer. The
presenter layer consists of PHP classes which manage the data from the model layer.
The presenter layer calls the appropriate functions from the view layer to generate the
HTML output for the user interface. The model layer also consists of PHP classes which
represent the domain objects of the application.

2. Factory Pattern

The factory pattern was chosen for use in order to ensure that all components of the car
rental application are properly instantiated and wired together. This pattern allows for
the creation of a single point of entry for object creation and manipulation. This
simplifies the design of the application and allows for preferable maintainability of the
codebase.

3. Command Design Pattern

The command design pattern is a design pattern that was chosen to be used with the
database tier of the car rental application in order to ensure that the data manipulation
statements are encapsulated in PHP classes. This design pattern will allow for data
manipulation operations to be streamlined and will allow for extensibility in the case of
new data manipulation operations that need to be added in the future.

C. Security

1. Authentication

Authentication is the process of verifying user identity. For the car rental application,
authentication is performed by verifying the user’s username and password in the
application database. Furthermore, authentication is also performed at the database
layer using an authorization system.

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2. Authorization

Authorization is the process of determining which users have access to certain data or
operations within an application. For the car rental application, authorization is
performed at the database layer using a role-based access control system. Each user is
assigned a role and this role determines which operations they have permission to
access.

3. Encryption

Encryption is the process of converting data into an unreadable form. For the car rental
application, encryption is used to store user authentication tokens in the database.
Additionally, all data stored in the database is also encrypted so as to protect the data
from unauthorized access.

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