LPU PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS

Lord of light and wisdom, Grant us bright intellect, a

sound judgment and retentive memory. Help us to
study patiently, orderly and diligently. To develop
our gifts and make good use of them accordingly to
your will, as we commit ourselves to Veritas et
Fortitudo, Pro Deo et Patria.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 Amen

CON TI NUAT I ON . . .

IV. ARCHITECTURAL STURCTURES

1. Temples and Monasteries - Chedi, Prang

2. Palaces
3. Houses / Dwellings Units

https://www.britannica.com/art/Southeast-Asian-architecture

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2. PALACES
A. THE GRAND PALACE CHAKRI MAHA PRASAT HALL
built by Kin Chulalongkorm (Rama
V)
Used for the reception of foreign
ambassadors.
Blend of European and Thai
Architecture

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B. WAT PHRA KAEW "HEAVEN AND EARTH"

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B. WAT PHRA KAEW "HEAVEN AND EARTH"

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C. KING CHUNGALONGKORN'S PALACE -
VINMANMEK PALACE (CLOUD MANSION)
believe to be the world largest
building made entirely of golden
teak.
Originally constructed on Srichang
Island in the GUlf of Siam by King
Rama V but in 1901, was moved to
its present site.

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D. ROYAL PALACE AT BANG PA-IN
dates from he reign of
King Chulalongkorn (1868-
1910), when most of the
buildings standing today
were consturcted between
1872-1889.

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D. ROYAL PALACE AT BANG PA-IN

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D. ROYAL PALACE AT BANG PA-IN

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3. HOUSES AND DWELLINGS

The Red House at the The whole structure of a Houses close to the river
National Museum is a Northern house is raised edges are often
typical royal house. on pillars. anchored on post.

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 KALAE (GALAE)
ROYAL HOUSES
Similar in design to those of
commoners except that they were
generally closer to the ground and
had more decorative features.
Tamnak Daeng or "Red House" built
by King Rama I as a residence for
one of his queens, originally in
Ayutthaya style but acquired more
Rattanskosin elements during
several moves. Decorative carved element as a top
King Rama V presented the house roof ending.
to the museum as a reminder of an mostly carved from teakwood
architectural style then becoming widely used in orth Thailand, the
rare. former kingdom of Lanna.
Horns of the wter buffalo.
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 LPU PRAYER AFTER THE CLASS

Lord, thank you for giving us the opportunity to

learn and capacity to understand. Let our
knowledge be of service not only for the attainment
of our goals but also for the benefit of others.

Amen
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AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
 The Philosophy influence in Traditional Thai Architectural Character

Natural Setting:

1. Inclined Stilt structures

In general, people settled in fertile river basins that provided sufficient water for
farming. That made it necessary for people to build houses on high stilts on high ground to stay
above the water during floods.

2. Ventilation

Traditional Thai houses are well known for their ventilation, thanks to the elevation of the floors
from the ground. More importantly, Thai houses are designed to ensure both horizontal and
vertical ventilation flows.
3. Positioning of the house

The positioning of the house and roofing play a key part in heat reduction.

4. Open-decked platform or Chan Ruen

Occupants need an open –decked space to sun-dry things during the wet season .

5. Height

The size and height of Thai traditional houses are related to the occupants’ physical traits. Thai
houses are designed to allow occupants to complete all activities without the need to go down
to the ground.

6. Treasure pillar

In the past, house owners hid their money and valuables in unconventional places, rather than
cabinets and coffers. It was common that they discreetly holed one of the house’s large pillars,
making it a secret chamber.

7. Raft house

Thai houses in the central region were located on flood plains. Therefore, it was necessary that
the houses were designed to enable occupants to continue a normal life In houses during floods.
Concrete concept in Thai architecture

1. The grouping of buildings

a. Detached buildings with open-air walkways

This type of detached buildings with open-air walkways conforms with

traditional landscape.

b. Walkways with roof

Roofed walkways provide protection from rain and sunlight

c. Connecting with terrace (chaan)

Terrace is normally connected with a verandah(rabiang or palai) and an interior

area of the house.

2. Primary elements
a. Roof form

Roof, with distinctive characteristics, is the most unique part of Thai

architecture.
b. Roof characteristics

The roof that has added or dented layers can be found mostly in religious
buildings such as temple, bot, and viharn. This is the technique applied by
craftsmen to create the sense of lightness and to reduce bulky look of the roof.

c. The extended part of the roof

Fully extended part- such feature, which is found in traditional architecture, is

suitable for buildings during wet season.

Slightly extended part- can be found mostly in religious buildings like bot and
viharn in the Sukhothai period.

d. Roof materials

-Earthernware ceramic tiles

-teak shingles or paen kled mai sak

e. roof colour

-red

-brown

-green

f. Slope of roof

-some traditional Thai buildings have steep roofs of more than 45 degrees.
 G. High pillars or stilts

-regular rain-induces floods during the wet season and surging seawater in
November and December make it necessary for people in the central plains to
live on high stilts

3. secondary elements
a. walls or panang

it can be made of stone or brick.

b. Windows and air vents

-Ban krathung

It is a type of glass window that is well conserved and still used in

present days.

-Ban perd

The pattern and size of the window depends on the climate in each
region.

-Ban Fiam

This form consists of a series of folded window panels used to divide the
rooms. Most of them are made of teak wood.

c. Size and location of open-air vents

Steep, fixed glass or vents are small, each equal to the width of a brick, and
vertically placed higher on the wall.

d. Verandah grills

Verandah grills are called luk tang indue to their vertically placed position. It is
a part of verandahs or stairs known as Bang Khan.

e. Floor motifs

Resembles a jagged angle on rectangular-shaped pillars like the 12- or 20-

angled pillars
 f. Floor materials

Terra cotta floor tile is called krabueng na wua. Plank floors are
commonly found in classic Thai wooden houses since timber was the
still plentiful.

Appearance of Thai Architecture

Residence

1. The Siamese Wooden House

The classic wooden house of central Thailand has a distinctive elegance. It has a concave
roof, arching bargeboards with hooked lower finials, and trapezoidal walls. These slopes and
curving lines keep it from looking boxy.

2. The Northern House

Represents the distinctive culture of Lanna Kingdom, which flourished between the 13th
and the 18th centuries.the largest and most refined type of Lanna residence is the classic
kalae house, named for the V- or X-shaped wooden decoration extending from the gable
and peaks, thought to represent the horns of water buffalo.
3. North-Eastern house

Similar to central Thai houses. They are built of wood on stilts, but their roofs feature a
gentler slope since there is less rain to cope with.

4. The Southern House

Malay style, with its roots in Islamic art, is expressed in carved ornamental details: gable
end panels, roof finials and the fretwork of ventilation grilles often painted in many
colours.

5. Houses on Water

These houses are comfortable and well suited to commerce, given the ease of water
transport.
6. Bamboo Houses

The structural characteristics of Thai bamboo house are very similar to the wooden
ones: one-storey, raised on stilts, a gable roof and prefabricated walls.

7. Rice Barns

In rural areas, most house have a rice barn or granary(yung khao), built to protect the
produce from spoilage and vermin.

8. Field Huts and Cottages

When farmers live several kilometers from their rice fields, they need to build huts and
cottages(hang na) for shelter.
9. Roadside Shops, Stalls, and Pavilions

Today, roads throughout Thailand, even deep in the countryside, are lined with wooden
stalls and shop houses selling local products, handmade items and packaged goods.

Architectural elements:

1.Roof forms

-Roofs are the quintessential elements in Thai public

architecture, shaping the character of the buildings with their
elaborate structure and decoration. The ornamented multi-tier
roofs are, however, reserved for temples and palaces as well as
public buildings such as government offices, university halls
and monuments.

2.Forms of roof spires

Roof spires designate buildings of the highest status, especially royal palace halls.
Indeed, the term for a roof spire, yod prasat, means ’spire of a palace’ .

3.Roof finials

Every roof edge apex has stylized attachments that especially transform the structure
into a huge piece of sculpture while hinting at mystical concepts.

4.Pediments

The large triangular section at the end of a gable roof, the pediment is the most
prominent exterior element of a Thai public building. Standing high over the entrance, it
inevitably becomes the most decorated part of the palace and temple buildings, where it is
called naa ban.
5.Eave Brackets

Eave Brackets (khan thuai) are among the most inventively carved wooden elements in
Thai temple architecture, and their design is a good index of a building’s vintage and stylistic
heritage.

6.Doors and windows

In palace and temple architecture, the heightened status of the interior space is
suggested by the elaborate decoration of doors(pratoo), windows(naatang), air vents and eave
brackets(khan thuai). Doors and windows of temple and royal structures have a larger surface
area for the embellishment, compared to that of houses. The embellishment also helps shed
more light on the objects and the ceremonies that take place inside the buildings.

7.Bases

While roofs get special treatments in Thai architecture, bases or than, too, receive an aesthetic
attention.

8.Columns

The massive, multi-tiered roofs of palace and temple buildings are supported by
columns(sao) of timber of bricks. Columns can be round, or, if square, can have single, double,
or curves redentings. Decoration may come in a variety of lotus motifs.

9.Interior Space

Entering a viharn or ubosot can be a dramatic transition. From a white-walled courtyard,

broad and bright, one enters a dim, hushed enclosure.

10. Ceilings

Since the Sukhothai period, the ceilings of the temples’ ordination halls and assembly
halls have been decorated with lotus motifs.

11. Mural painting

Mural paintings enliven the walls of assembly and ordination halls not as decorations
but as visual texts designed for spiritual instruction. Murals were used to illustrate the teachings
of Buddha because they were easy to understand and remember.
12. Interior Statuary

One of the important roles of any wat is to enshire Buddha images for veneration. The
ornate decoration of a biharn building is intended to create a palace-like setting appropriate for
these statues.

13.Courtyards

Temple compounds are encolosed within walls that form layers of courtyards. They
filled a variety of key religious structures, statuary and ceremonial sites.

14.Courtyard Walls and Gates in Temples

Different layers of walls around the temple compounds designate the grounds as sacred.
Gates, as thresholds between different spaces, are perceived to protect against the entry of evil
spirits.

15.Courtyard Walls and Gated in the Grand Palace

Walls and gates around buildings in the grand palace demarcate grounds of the highest
status, from the fortified outer walls around the Central Court and Inner court zones, where only
the king and his children often have specific ceremonial designations in which many are
individually named.

16.Courtyard Statuary

Most of the statues in temple courtyards are guardian figures of Hindu or Chinese
origin.

17.Gardens

Courtyard landscaping shows a distinctively Thai amalgam of influences from Europe,

Japan and China.

18.Thai Bonsai and Stone Mountains

Bonsai was taken up by monks for use in temple Gardens. Stone mountains or khao
more are formed by piling or cementing rocks together to represent Mount Meru.
 LPU PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS

Lord of light and wisdom, Grant us bright intellect, a

sound judgment and retentive memory. Help us to
study patiently, orderly and diligently. To develop
our gifts and make good uise of them accordingly to
your will, as we commit ourselves to Veritas et
Foritudo, Pro Deo et Patria.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 Amen

JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE
Japanese architecture has traditionally been typified by
wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with
tiled or thatched roofs. Sliding doors (fusuma) were used
in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a
space to be customized for different occasions. People
usually sat on cushions or otherwise on the floor,
traditionally; chairs and high tables were not widely used
until the 20th century. Since the 19th century, however,
Japan has incorporated much of Western, modern, and
post-modern architecture into construction and design, and
is today a leader in cutting-edge architectural design and
technology.
https://doyouknowjapan.com/architecture/ ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHTECTURE 3
AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
I. HISTORY
Created in the 3rd century
AD by ancestors of the
present emperor;
7th century, was divided into
provinces each with a ruler;
Feudalism, with a caste
system of emperor and
nobles, military, people;
More powerful were the
shoguns or warrior lords,
each fighting with each

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 In 1603 AD, under the shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa,
Japan was united and brought to peace;
The Tokugawa dynasty ruled for 250 years.
In 16th century, Portuguese traders came to trade
and Christian missionaries came to convert the
Japanese
The threatened shoguns expelled foreigners, killed
Christian converts, stopped trade, closed Japan to
the outside world until 19th century
Little contact with Europe, more of Chinese
influence

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II. GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY

Off the eastern coast of China, Asian mainland;

Principal island Honshu, and smaller islands at
north and south;
Earthquakes & volcanoes;
Hilly and forested country;
Stone, timber, bamboo

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III. CLIMATIC CONDITION
1. Japan is influenced by a cold air stream from Asia in winter,
and by warm moist air from pacific in summer.
2. Houses, face south projecting eaves to give protection against
sun, while high courtyard walls screen the northern cold winds
of winter.

Northern Japan has warm summers and very cold winters with
heavy snow on the Sea of Japan side and in mountainous areas.
Eastern Japan has hot and humid summers and cold winters with
very heavy snow other Sea of Japan side and in mountainous
areas.
Western Japan has very hot and humid summers.
South Japan have a subtropical oceanic climate. These areas have
hot and humid summers (with temperatures rarely reaching 35 o C
or above) and mild winters.

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IV. RELIGIOUS CONDITION

Shinto, indigenous poly-demonism

Buddhism
Confucianism
Christianity

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SHINTOISM
Shintō, indigenous religious beliefs and
practices of Japan. The word Shintō, which
literally means “the way of kami” (generally
sacred or divine power, specifically the
various gods or deities), came into use in
order to distinguish indigenous Japanese
beliefs from Buddhism, which had been
introduced into Japan in the 6th century
CE.
Shintō has no founder, no official sacred
scriptures in the strict sense, and no fixed
dogmas, but it has preserved its guiding
beliefs throughout the ages.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shinto

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BUDDHISM
Originated in India in the 6th century BC. It
consists of the teachings of the Buddha,
Gautama Siddhartha.
Of the main branches of Buddhism, it is the
Mahayana or "Greater Vehicle" Buddhism
which found its way to Japan.
Buddhism was imported to Japan via China
and Korea in the form of a present from the
friendly Korean kingdom of Kudara Paikche )
in the 6th century.
There were also a few initial conflicts with
Shinto, Japan's native religion. The two
religions were soon able to co exist and
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism
even complement each other.

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CONFUCIANISM
It was introduced to Japan via Korea in
the year 285 AD. Some of the most
important Confucian principles are
humanity, loyalty, morality and
consideration on an individual and
political level.
During the Edo Period (1603 1867),
NeoConfucianism (especially Chu Hsi
Confucianism) was the most important
philosophy in the Tokugawa government
and education. It had a prevalent impact
on Japanese society at the time, and its
influences can still be felt today.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confucianism

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CHRISTIANITY
Christianity was introduced to Japan by
Roman Catholic Jesuit missionaries who
arrived in Kagoshima in 1549, led by
Francis Xavier.
By 1579, six regional war lords and
approximately 100,000 of their subjects
had converted to Christianity. Towards the
end of the sixteenth century, Franciscan
missionaries arrived in Kyoto.
The number of Christians had reached
about 300,000 when the Tokugawa
shogunate prohibited Christianity and
https://www.history.com/.image/ar_1:1%2Cc_fill
expelled all foreigners in 1638. Many %2Ccs_srgb%2Cfl_progressive%2Cq_auto:good%
2Cw_1200/MTY3NDcyMDYwNzAyOTI2NjM3/christ
renounced their faith and others went ianity-gettyimages-121153575.jpg

underground.
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V. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

The architecture of Japan was derived from China, but

maintained its own special characteristics of lightness as
delicacy.

Refinement in Japanese architecture is combined with carving

and decoration which is noticeable in timber construction.

Flat terrace roof that are dominant to form contrast from Middle
East and India.

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V. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

Iramoya gable' at the upper part of

roof while the lower part of roof is in
a hipped form.
Roof covering can be thatch, shingles
or tiles.
Column that found in temples or
gateway is followed from Chinese
form.
'Ken' is known as standard
measurement of inter-columniation.
Yariganna ' is used to split timber
and beautify it.

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V. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

Roof is made of heavy timbers;

Structures mainly made of wood;

Post & lintel structures;

INTERIOR multitude of partially

screened, geometrically arranged
rooms with sliding doors;
Built with few nails or sometimes
none.

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V. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
HOUSE
1. Tall fences
2. Tile roofs w/ broaden
eavesStep up entry
ways,Genkan (entrance)
3.Sliding shoji doors
4. Reverence for wood
5.Minimal transitions between
indoor & outdoor
6.Multipurpose spaces
7. Has tatami mat floor
8.Coffered Ceiling
9.Lath & plaster walls
1 0T
. okonoma (display alcoves)

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
1. ARCHAIC PERIOD - introduce the "gussho typ of construction" based on
the principle of the rigidity of a triangle which formed the fundamental
structural system considered resistant to earthquakes.

Gassho-style houses are large, with three to four stories encompassed between
the low eaves, and historically intended to house large extended families and a
highly efficient space for a variety of industries. The roofs, made without nails,
provided a large attic space used for cultivating silkworms up in the attic where
the heat from the first floor, filled with people and activity, rises up.

These aren't typical Japanese farmhouses, but colossal 3 to 5-storey buildings

with gigantic cedar pillars and beams held together with only hand-woven ropes,
and covered with the signature 3-feet thick thatched roof.

The openings in the large gable ends for natural lighting and ventilation of the
attic space add uniqueness to the building's appearance.

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 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.

Tatami are the basis of traditional

Japanese architecture, regulating a
building's size and dimensions. They
originated in ancient Japan when straw
was laid on bare earth as a softener and
warmer. In the Heian Period (794–1185),
this idea developed into moveable mats
that could be laid anywhere in the house
to sit or sleep on before becoming a
permanent floor covering in the fifteenth
century. Tatami are suitable for the
Japanese climate because they let air
circulate around the floor

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/jap/shirak/int.html

AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.

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 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.

"Irori are a type of traditional sunken

hearth common in Japan. Used for
heating the home and cooking food,
irori are essentially square pits in the
floor with a pot hook. These hooks
generally were hollow bamboo tubes
containing an iron rod, with an attached
lever, often shaped like a fish, that
would allow the pot or kettle to be
raised or lowered."

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/jap/shirak/int.html

AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/jap/shirak/int.html
AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.

The roofs, made without

nails, provided a large
attic space used for
cultivating silkworms up
in the attic where the heat
from the first floor, filled
with people and activity,
rises up.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/jap/shirak/int.html
AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/jap/shirak/int.html
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 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.
Ceilings customarily are not separate built
elements, but rather the underside of the roof
is left exposed and acts as the ceiling for the
space.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/jap/shirak/int.html
AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.

3 chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum
become the Imperial Family Emblem.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/jap/shirak/int.html
AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
 INTERIORS - GASSHO-STYLE (THATCH ROOF) HOUSES IN SHIRAKAWA-GO, JAPAN
UNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE SITE SINCE 1995.

Cedar - the favorite

Japanese work for
building construction

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/jap/shirak/int.html

AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES
VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
2. ASOKA PERIOD - The Asuka period was a time of transformation for
Japanese society. It is named for the Asuka area at the southern end of the
Nara (Yamato) Basin (a few miles to the south of the present-day city of
Nara), which was the political and cultural centre of the country.

The term "asuka" was first used to describe a time in Japan of their fine-arts
and architecture. Japan's main religion at that time was the Shinto religion.
So during this time not only the architecture was changed, but also the
fundamental base of their religion; Buddhism.

The term was first used to describe a period

in the history of Japanese fine arts
architecture.
It was influenced by the introduction of
Buddhism from China via Korean Peninsula.
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THE FIVE STORY PAGODA
The structure of many buildings were also represented and symbolized many different
things. An example of this was the five story Pagoda The five stories represented the
five elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Wind, Sky.

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SHINTO SHRINES
Shrines were also used during this time to
"protect" the Gods, as well as providing a
place of worship.

MAIN FEATURES
KOMAINU
TORII
CHOZUYA
MAIN SANCTUARY

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KOMAINU
These dog like statue's made out of stone are places by an entrance of a shrine, which
was meant to protect it as well as ware away evil spirits. There are always two of these
statues, usually facing each other, one with its mouth closed and one with it opened.
The open mouth statue was called "a" and the closed mouth statue was called "um".

The "a" is pronunciation of the first letter in the Sanskrit alphabet (Hindu alphabet),
and "um" pronounces the last letter. This simply represents the beginning and end to all
things. the two syllables joined together' "aum" is a sacred syllable word to many
different religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

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TORII / TORI
This was a gate to most shrines. It represents the division
of the normal world towards the divine world. Usually
before passing through the gates of the tori, there are a
flight of stairs symbolizing God's high mark and heaven.

Traditionally, The Tori gates were made out of wood and

stone, but now, modern day Tori's are made our of stainless
steel, copper and other modern day materials to help them
last longer for tourists.

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CHOZUYA
This is a small pavilion near the main hall where it is accessible to ladies and men.
Before praying, people come in to wash their hands and mouth before praying. They do
this to wash away all evil spirits and thoughts and words, and to start praying with a
pure and fresh mind.

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
3. NARRA PERIOD - Introduction of different roof construction:
Kirizuma - gable roof
Hogio - pyramidal roof
Irimoya - hip roof
Yosemune - hip ridge roof

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT

4. KONIN PERIOD - time of transition

when Japan was engrossed in
assilating imported culture thus little
attempt to adopt new architectural
forms.

5. FUJIWARA PERIOD - Japanese

period which reached their full
maturity.One luxurious feature found
in Japanese mansion is the Buddhist
altar.

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT

6. KOMAKURA-MURAMACHI PERIOD - decline of the Buddhist religion and

rise of military order. "Tea House" was added to a Japanese Mansion.

It is a place for tea ceremony

gatherings. Known as chashitsu in
Japanese, it displays the rich tradition
of the country and is carry out for long
years. People can gather in this tea
room and can have tea together and
forget their worries, feel the
connection with nature and just enjoy
the tea drinking moment.

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 The structure of the tea house is refer to as
the Sukiya-zukuri and it reveals the true
Japanese architectural design and style.
There are two rooms inside it.
One is the kitchen or call mizuya in
Japan where the host will store the
materials and prepare the tea and
snacks.
The second room is the main room where
people are going to sit and have tea.

8.2 square meters is the usual

and standard size of a traditional
chashitsu.
The room size is measure by the
number of tatami mats covering
the floor.
Traditional tea rooms are
construct more from natural
elements like bamboo, straws,
wood, and vines.
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 Shrine made during Kamakura Period

Kinkaku-ji or "Teple of the Golden Pavillion" -

Muromachi Period

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
7. MAYAMA-YENKo PERIOD - center of architectural interest was transferred
from religious to secular structures.

Examples of Japanese Structures:

A. TEMPLES:

1. BUDDHIST TEMPLE OF HORIUJI BY

NARA & NIKKO

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
7. MAYAMA-YENKo PERIOD - center of architectural interest was transferred
from religious to secular structures.

Examples of Japanese Structures:

A. TEMPLES:

2. SHINTO SHRINE OR KAMIJI-YAMA IN

ISE

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
7. MAYAMA-YENKo PERIOD - center of architectural interest was transferred
from religious to secular structures.

Examples of Japanese Structures:

A. TEMPLES:

3. KURIDINI TEMPLE, KYOTO

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
7. MAYAMA-YENKo PERIOD - center of architectural interest was transferred
from religious to secular structures.

Examples of Japanese Structures:

B. TOMBS:

1. TOMBS OF LEYASU, NIKKO

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
7. MAYAMA-YENKo PERIOD - center of architectural interest was transferred
from religious to secular structures.

Examples of Japanese Structures:

C.PALACES

1. IMPERIAL PALACE, NARA

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
7. MAYAMA-YENKo PERIOD - center of architectural interest was transferred
from religious to secular structures.

Examples of Japanese Structures:

C.PALACES

2. MIKADO'S PALACE, KYOTO

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VI. PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT
7. MAYAMA-YENKo PERIOD - center of architectural interest was transferred
from religious to secular structures.

Examples of Japanese Structures:

C.PALACES

3. PALACES OF THE SHOGUNS

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 ASSIGNMENT
Continuation of Japanese Architecture
discussion
Prepare for a graded recitation next meeting
Group Discussion/Presentation

See you next meeting!

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 LPU PRAYER AFTER THE CLASS

Lord, thank you for giving us the opportunity to

learn and capacity to understand. Let our
knowledge be of service not only for the attainment
of our goals but also for the benefit of others.

Amen
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 LPU PRAYER BEFORE THE CLASS

Lord of light and wisdom, Grant us bright intellect, a

sound judgment and retentive memory. Help us to
study patiently, orderly and diligently. To develop
our gifts and make good use of them accordingly to
your will, as we commit ourselves to Veritas et
Foritudo, Pro Deo et Patria.

ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3 Amen

 SOUTHEAST ASIAN
ARCHITECTURE - THAILAND
Southeast Asian architecture, buildings of Myanmar
(Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia,
Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Most of
Southeast Asia’s great temples were built by the 13th
century. The Indian royal temple, which dominated
Southeast Asian culture, typically stood on a terraced
plinth, upon which towered shrines could multiply.

https://www.britannica.com/art/Southeast-Asian-architecture

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THAILAND ARCHITECTURE
I. GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITION

The name Siyam came from a

Sanskrit word, Siam.
The word Siam itself is one
that's Sanskrit in origin,coming
from the word Śyāma,which
means dark or brown, in
reference to the skincolour of
the native people

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 II. RELIGIOUS CONDITION

Religion in Thailand has a fascinating cultural history that

can be seen through the many sacred sites and temples
scattered throughout the country. Excluding the law that
states the King must be Buddhist, there is no official
Thailand religion, meaning all Thai people enjoy religious
freedom. However, Buddhism is the most common Thailand
religion with approximately 95% of the population following
this Theravada religion. The remaining population follows
the Muslim religion (4.6%), Catholic Christians (0.7%) with
the remaining 1% divided between Hindu, Sikh and Jewish
religions.

https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/thai-culture/thai-culture-religion

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 II. RELIGIOUS CONDITION
BUDDHISM IN THAILAND
The prominent form of Buddhism practised in Thailand is
Theravada Buddhism. Followers of Theravada Buddhism
take refuge in the ‘Triple Gem’: the teacher (Buddha), the
teaching (dhamma) and the monastic community (the
Sangha).
In Theravada Buddhism, the Buddha is not considered a
‘God’ as understood in the Abrahamic sense of the term.
Devotion towards the Buddha is more akin to the respect
a student has for a teacher. Veneration towards the
Buddha is an important principle for followers of
Buddhism in Thailand and is institutionalised through
law, whereby insulting or defacing the Buddha is
prohibited.
https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/thai-culture/thai-culture-religion

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III. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER

Architecture assimilated from Buddhist - Indian

Architecture;
Characteristics of Thai architecture include steeply-
sloping tile roofs with up turned edges, open air spaces
and lush gardens.
With its bright colors, rich ornamentation and sweeping,
multi-tiered roofs, the temple and palace architecture of
Thailand is immediately identifiable. It blends influences
from Indian, Khmer, Burmese and Chinese architectural
styles, but has evolved to become a distinct expression of
Thai culture.

*Share PDF File for other traditional

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Thai Architecture
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IV. ARCHITECTURAL STURCTURES

1. Temples and Monasteries

2. Palaces
3. Houses / Dwellings Units

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 1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES
THAI BUDDHIST TEMPLES
Group of religious buildings and other features (such as
trees and lakes), surrounded by a wall and with at least
one gate.
Consists of two parts:
1. Phuttha-wat: temple complex
2. Sangha-wat: living quarters of the monks
*WAT : Thai Buddhist temple or monastery.
: complex- collection of buildings, shrines & monuments
within a courtyard that is enclosed by a wall.
: Walls are often white washed, usually encloses a
rectangular area. The wall demarcates the temple compound
called PHUTTHAWAT or the sacred enclosure.

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 1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES
THAI BUDDHIST TEMPLES
A. PHUTTHA-WAT: dedicated to Buddha

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 1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES
THAI BUDDHIST TEMPLES
A. PHUTTHA-WAT: dedicated to Buddha
PARTS:
1. Chedi or Stupa: reliquary tower
2. Prang: Khmer temple
3. Ubosot or Bot : Ordination Hall
4. Viharn: Shrine hall that contains principal Buddha
images; it is the assembly hall where monks and
believers congregate.
5. Mondop: square or cruciform based building or
shrine, sometimes with a spired roof within a Thai
Buddhist temple or temple complex.

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 1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES
THAI BUDDHIST TEMPLES
A. PHUTTHA-WAT: dedicated to Buddha
PARTS:
6. Ho Trai: temple library of scriptures depository houses
the sacred Tipitaka scriptures.
7. Sala: open pavillion providing shade and a place to rest.
8. Sala Kan prian: a large, open hall where lay people can
hear sermons or receive religious education.
9. Ho rakang: bell tower is used for waking the monks and
to announce the morning and evening ceremonies.
10. Phra rabien: a peristyle is sometimes built around the
sacred inner area of the cloister.
*Most of the best known temples are in Bangkok.
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 1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES 2. The Reclining
Buddha

3. Main Stupa

4. Phra Mondop

The main elements of the temple: 5. The Gallery

1. Bot/Ubosot

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 1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES
CHEDI (STUPA)
Domed edifice under which relics of the Buddha or
revered religious teachers are buried.

TYPES of CHEDI

1. Bell-shaped style chedi

2. Square Chedi
3. Indented Chedi
4. Suwanna Chedi, Prang
5. Suwanna Stepped Chedi

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1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES

TYPES of CHEDI
1. Bell-shaped style Chedi
Ex: Phra Pathom Chedi,
Nakom Pathom Bangkok

Tallest Chedi in Thailand:

Base: 233M Diameter; Ht:
120M+

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1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES

TYPES of CHEDI
2. Square Chedi
Ex: Wat Jed Yod, Chiang
Mai

Northern Thailand
balances a smaller dome
on a high square base,
each side has a niche
carved with Buddha
images.

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1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES

TYPES of CHEDI
3. Indented Chedi
Ex: Wat Arun (temple of
Dawn), Thonburi, Bangkok

Small dome balanced on a

square base with
indented corners.

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1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES

TYPES of CHEDI
4. Suwanna Chedi- Prang
Ex: Phra Prang Sam Yod,
Lopburi
Ayutthayan or Khmer style
of reliquary found all over
cetral Thailand from the
Khmers.
Shaped like a corn cob
standing on top of a square
or cruciform building with
an entrance on one side.

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1. TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES Ex: Chedi Liem, Chiang
Mai
TYPES of CHEDI
5. Suwanna Stepped Chedi
Found in Northern
Thailand.
Square stepped base with 5
tiers above each of the four
faces containing 3 Buddha
images

Ex: Wat
Chamathewi,
Lamphun

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 Update/Progress of your final Projects

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 ASSIGNMENT

Continuation on Thailand Architecture

Prepare for a graded recitation on topic.
Progress Checking on your Final Requirements

See you next meeting!

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 LPU PRAYER AFTER THE CLASS

Lord, thank you for giving us the opportunity to

learn and capacity to understand. Let our
knowledge be of service not only for the attainment
of our goals but also for the benefit of others.

Amen
ARHOA3 - HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

AR. LIBRANDA-PAREDES