Senior
High
School
Philippine Politics and
Governance First Quarter
– Module 2: Political
Ideologies
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Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1: Module 2: Political Ideologies
First Edition, 2020
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Senior High School
Philippine Politics and Governance
First Quarter – Module 2:
Political Ideologies
iii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance module – Differentiate
the Political Ideologies.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resources hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
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module.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Differentiate the Political
Ideologies.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or
Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways; a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for
independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
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What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
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process what you learned from the
lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate
Assessment your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in
Answer Key the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the identification of inquiry and stating the research problem. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.
This lesson contains the clarity of identification of specific political phenomenon.
Learning Competencies:
1. Differentiate the political ideologies (HUMSS_PG12-Ib-c-6)
After this lesson you are expected to:
2. To differentiate the political ideologies
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What I Know
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the state is seen as a nothing
less than legalized oppression operating in the interests of the powerful,
propertied, and privileged. What political ideology is this?
a. Anarchism c. Conservatism
b. Fascism d. Liberalism
2. As the state is inherently evil and oppressive, all states have the same
essential character. What political ideology is this?
a. Liberalism c. Conservatism
b. Fascism d. Anarchism
3. Electoral or representative democracy is merely a façade that attempts to conceal
elite domination and reconcile the masses to their oppression. What political
ideology is this?
a. Liberalism c. Anarchism
b. Socialism d. Conservatism
4. Marxists have stressed the link between the state and the class system, seeing it
either as an instrument of class rule or as a means of ameliorating class tensions.
What political ideology is this?
a. Liberalism c. Anarchism
b. Socialism d. Conservatism
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5. This political ideology traditionally endorses a form of radical democracy based on
popular participation and the desire to bring economic life under public control,
dismissing liberal democracy as simply capitalist democracy. What is this?
a. Liberalism c. Fascism
b. Socialism d. Conservatism
6. They treat the state as a necessary evil and extol the virtues of a minimal or
nightwatchman state. Who are they?
a. Classical Liberals c. Classical Anarchists
b. Modern Socialists d. Modern Conservatists
7. They recognize the state’s positive role in widening freedom and promoting equal
opportunities. Who are they?
a. Modern Liberals c. Classical Anarchists
b. Classical Socialists d. Modern Conservatists
8. While democracy constrains abuses of , it must always be
conducted within a constitutional framework in order to prevent majoritarian
tyranny.
a. power c. ideology
b. knowledge d. positions
9. This political ideology links the state to the need to provide authority and
discipline and to protect society from chaos and disorder, hence, their
traditional preference for a strong state. What is this?
a. Conservatism c. Classical Anarchism
b. Modern Socialism d. Fascism
10. This political ideology embraces the ideas of totalitarian democracy, holding that a
genuine democracy is an absolute dictatorship as the leader monopolizes ideological
wisdom and is alone able to articulate the true interests of the people.
a. Fascism c. Anarchism
b. Socialism d. Conservatism
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Module
Differentiate the Political
1 Ideologies
Truly that Philippine government is surrounded with many different political
ideologies. In this contemporary world where everything changes at its break-neck speed,
appalling political problems in their various degrees emerge. In this case, understanding and
differentiating political ideologies is a must, that is, solutions must be provided in order to
address the problems at hand. In politics, your mind has a tendency to think about many
different things ranging from low order thinking skills such as asking what, who, where and
when) to higher order thinking skills such as asking how and why. These modes of thinking
trigger you to choose your political ideology.
What’s In
Activity 1: ACROSTIC
Directions: Let the students give characteristics of ideology based from the letters of the
word I-D-E- O-L-O-G-Y.
Example: Student’s Output
I- initiates improvements and projects I-
D- evelops projects D-
E- evolution of E-
O- ffer solutions O-
L- ead people L-
O- rganize programs O-
G- eared towards unity G-
Y- outh working together Y-
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Activity 2: Think about It!
Directions: Read the statement carefully and briefly explain your
understanding of the quotation below. Write your answer in your
notebook.
“Ideologies gives us the picture of the
existing reality, answering “what
is wrong, what went wrong
and why”
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What’s New
Activity 2: Pick-Tell:
Directions: Jumbled pictures will be available at the teacher’s table and each group
will select a representative to pick one and give them time to collaborate
their ideas in relation to ideologies and political ideologies.
1. AMACRNHIS Answer:
2. SCAISFM Answer:
3. OLCMISAIS Answer:
4. IBLEALRISM Answer:
5. OCNETRMSVAIS Answer:
Guide Questions:
1. How did you feel about the
activity? I feel that…
2. Among the ideologies presented, what struck you the
most? Why?
3. Based on your observation, what is the most practical
ideology?
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What Is It
Different Ideologies and their Perspectives of the State
Political Ideologies
1. Anarchism
Perspectives on the State
• Rejects the state outright, believing it to be an unnecessary evil.
• The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the state is seen as a nothing
less than legalized oppression operating in the interests of the powerful, propertied,
and privileged.
• As the state is inherently evil and oppressive, all states have the same essential
character.
• Endorses direct democracy and call for continuous popular participation and radical
decentralization.
• Electoral or representative democracy is merely a façade that attempts to conceal
elite domination and reconcile the masses to their oppression.
2. Socialism
• Has contrasting views of the state
• Marxists have stressed the link between the state and the class system, seeing it
either as an instrument of class rule or as a means of ameliorating class tensions.
• Other socialists, however, regard the state as an embodiment of the common good
and thus approve of interventionism in either its social- democratic or state-
collectivist form.
• Traditionally endorses a form of radical democracy based on popular participation
and the desire to bring economic life under public control, dismissing liberal
democracy as simply capitalist democracy.
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• Nevertheless, modern social democrats are now firmly committed to liberal-
democratic structures.
3. Liberalism
Sees the state as a neutral arbiter among competing interests and groups in society, a vital
guarantee of social order
• While classical liberals treat the state as a necessary evil and extol the virtues of a
minimal or nightwatchman state,
-modern liberals recognize the state’s positive role in widening freedom and promoting
equal opportunities.
• Understands democracy in individual terms as consent expressed through the ballot
box, democracy being equated with regular and competitive elections.
• While democracy constrains abuses of power, it must always be conducted within a
constitutional framework in order to prevent majoritarian tyranny.
4. Conservatism
• Links the state to the need to provide authority and discipline and to protect society
from chaos and disorder, hence, their traditional preference for a strong state.
• However, whereas traditional conservatives’ supports a pragmatic balance between
the state and civil society, neoliberals has called for the state to be “rolled back” as it
threatens economic prosperity and is driven, essentially by, bureaucratic self-interest.
-Endorses liberal-democratic rule but with qualifications about the need to protect
property and traditional institutions from the untutored will of “the many.”
• The new right, however, has linked electoral democracy to the problems -f over-
government and economic stagnation.
5. Fascism
• Particularly in the Italian tradition, sees the state as a supreme ethical ideal,
reflecting the undifferentiated interests of the national community, hence their belief
in totalitarianism
• The Nazis, however, saw the state more as a vessel that contains, or tool that
serves, the race or nation.
• Embraces the ideas of totalitarian democracy, holding that a genuine democracy
is an absolute dictatorship as the leader monopolizes ideological wisdom and is
alone able to articulate the true interests of the people.
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• Party and electoral competition are thus corrupt and degenerate.
Source: adapted from Heywood, A 2003, Political Ideologies, New York, palgrave
Macmillan, p 192 and p 46.
What’s More
Activity 3: I am my Ideology!
Directions: From the choices inside the box, identify on what political ideology they belong.
Fascism Socialism Conservatism Liberalism Anarchism
Example: Liberalism 1. Moro Islamic Liberation Front
1. The Lakas CMD
2. Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan (MAKIBAKA)
3. Opus Dei (Work of God)
4. Philosophical Association of the Philippines
5. Gabriela Partylist
6. Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
7. The Nacionalista Party
8. The Nationalist People’s Coalition
9. The Philippine Democratic Socialist Party
10. PDP Laban
Guide Question:
Which political ideology best describes the nature of democracy in the Philippines, and
why?
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.
What I Have Learned
1. Today, I learned that…
2. The topic that is NOT clear to me is/are…
3. I want to explore further on…
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What I Can Do
Activity: COMPARE AND CONTRAST!
Directions: Describe different political ideologies. Compare and generate list of similarities.
Contrast the objects and generate a list of differences. Determine significant
likenesses and differences of political ideologies.
Political Ideologies Similarities Differences
Anarchism
Fascism
Conservatism
Liberalism
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Socialism
Assessment
How are you? I hope you enjoyed the lesson 1. Okay let’s see how much you have
learned.
Write your answer on your test notebook.
TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Read the statements carefully. Write T if the bold and italicized word is
correct and write F if the bold and italicized word is false.
1. Anarchism rejects the state outright, believing it to be an unnecessary evil.
2. The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the state is not seen as a
nothing less than legalized oppression operating in the interests of the powerful,
propertied, and privileged.
3. Electoral or representative democracy is merely a façade that attempts to conceal
elite domination and reconcile the masses to their oppression.
4. Socialism has no contrasting views of the state
5. Marxists have stressed the link between the state and the class system, seeing it
either as an instrument of class rule or as a means of ameliorating class tensions.
6. Fascism traditionally endorses a form of radical democracy based on popular
participation and the desire to bring economic life under public control, dismissing
liberal democracy as simply capitalist democracy.
7. Liberalism sees the state as a neutral arbiter among competing interests and groups
in society, a vital guarantee of social order
8. Classical conservatists treat the state as a necessary evil and extol the virtues of a
minimal or nightwatchman state.
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9. Democracy in individual terms as consent expressed through the ballot box,
democracy being equated with regular and competitive elections
10. Conservatism does not link the state to the need to provide authority and
discipline and to protect society from chaos and disorder, hence, their
traditional preference for a strong state
Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax for a while then wait for the next module. Good
luck!
Additional Activities
Activity 5: Interview
Directions: Interview a politician in your community regarding their advocacy
and belief. Based on his/her advocacy and belief identify the kind of ideology
that he/she believes in. Kindly observe social distancing and wearing of face
mask.
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References
Heywood, A. (2003). Political Ideologies, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, p 192 and
p. 46.
Politics without Borders” by Mendoza and Melegrito, pages 24- 36
Philippines Politics and Governance by: Rhene Tabajen and Erlinda Pulma, pp: 3
Assessment What's More What I
Know
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