THER MORINBMIES) - °F -1H0
‘Temp: Scoles °U= 1440
+ Celsius | Centigrade + Reomur
» Fahrenheit + Ligem
+ kelvin
* Ranking.
ABO 132, | & -32) [48
F +400 Kec 42e73
ATp 4:90 wre =to
ak 7ATo 4°Re = 20°L
Ate =4Te
Pam = 10325 KPa = 14.7 psi = t052 xglem™
CLOSED SYSTEM
NON — FLOW
OPEN system
STEADY FLOW
2
*J'Pav = Povey)
=f" vaP = V(P%-Pe)
4 ™ =m +Aam
or STEADY FLOW (Am= Steady Sraity
= ome e) ,| Sete
my = ie
AW, = Reo Pa
|
+ measure of randomness of molecules |
2f Molecules |
) |
Qs = mca
u S41 BTU/ipor
© Lorenvmearcan | *t Col/gre
Qo ztmL
334 KSIkg |
144 BTIlb= ¥o cal/g
Best kslkg= 970 BTUIIb =
VS tavemat Ener |
Entholpy a |
\
S40 collage |
PE, KE, +HitQ =W+t PE2tKE2 tHe
“Glousive Statemend Applied to Heat Pomp
mpossible to constwet a kead pump
tHE Sperares wloot on input wore >>
+ Kolin =Plancle stotement Applied to Heat
agin
ce Cmpussible for Qin = Ww >>
z
The tokal eatvopy of pire svbstonces appmechd
Tere as the ob: fe
Solute thermodynamic -te mi
@Pproaches zero, » dae AS
if a=0 ® bee; then aed
4.92 inttg = 760 mmHg = Too tore “
+013 bar = L019 x 10" dyne | om™ LTORAL GASLAW
Tob torr = 4am
PY=mRT =nA tT
etsel gos constant (Z
Ra GFA ero sas eet «gz Laon
mol
"Gas Consbont of Ain
Kw GAiD) = 28.97 k§/ma = 29.47 Ib] no)
Elie =R C= =R- >)
Wefek | coe ie RH)
a Pare k= sot
[escecep fa Geis)
Helium’ C k= 4.0624) "Coe CRepag
* BOVLES TRY ————————_Neton (els),
Pv = Pave (Te) mitts) |
w
Yalt, (P=)
zit. (vee)
GENERAL cas Law
BML hve
.
® equal V7, 9 P
asts contai
Same Vomber of molecule Eve
. cute
a
> He > ge
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=)6.022 x 19%? AOUu
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kes —1o AH = mCpat —-» depends on the type,
aster w Ac Gn (ey eo |
re we [SFr %e) | oo
Pe He Stealy Hone Q =A Ws |
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\t- Tsometric / | | L
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| I L 1
aT } | ' aH mCpin (4
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0 th ermal iY In (oe te
Pama rey Mere OO | we main ie
MRT In( v2) i
( Tsentwpic/ —mCyat | K¢mevaT) | Av =-Wa |
Adiobatic, FP =Poh | = ele) mCpAT ° oO
| \
Ss Povtopio arenas ]
crm ee) TREC Wn mGvVAT | mop AT
Tea=ny |
=a | |
| |
j Tsosaric , |
net f TsotHeR MAL @Eeeesy |S y
Nek} TsENTROPIO teow 2 (8) “-( tay Met
| N=-D +0 +00 ; porytROPIG ve Pa m1
NO} Teometaic Also;
| generally
| Wa = @—ad
| LY Ws = @ - ake APE -AH
“CABNOT evens creTs), ae © cyete E ficieny
taste Fficiend ‘thermodynamic cycle eo ur. &
A
Crag
u%
{© Meat -tenp. as
Qe 5
s Beeb.
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Qn = TH CS, -Sy)
f :
© Heat Rejected (Ge)
Qe = Te (Se-se)
(© rer Work
Wret = O4~- On
Wat = (T Te) (S1-S4)
Efficieny can be increased by incrosin
Ta and towering Ty a ©
Additional Notes:
dys Equation” I
& io \= i
F= 0.0055 + 0,00551t + (erevof 1") 1
{e92005 Re }
I
7 ‘
F-p 7 Muatie voghucs : fu costa
to 650.25 min
| \
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Scanned with CamScannerPy =Py = Pa (Pascal's Law)
C#Wids of rest
2. Cyelocities & otreamlines
considering forces oF energy)
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Sand the forces exerted on flvids
re eee Coe
=
AA ‘ ¥
Pe Maas Cn) Camount of marteri
amound o imaglven bal
me erm eon)
9 5 = s2etts*
DENSITY (2)
®
fe ov
ABCECIPLG Geavity (se) gra. vanes ®
Sas oF 7 nysteists
es Eb | eine Eines .
Sq = 1000%G 103 = GO.4
gE SPECIFIC VOLUME Swed. stkn sare " | ah
vey at ellis -
m ¥ |
VEK MODULUS OF BLAsTICN Slomeged vervcally
E = AB Grpresses compressibility atk ay
= oF Hid
a
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“s av =sheoring Stuss =h_-EOR cueven suerace:
Sos ka & \& shronng StH 1" Fire D SURFACE
AV ~ change in velecity
AYly ~velodly geoaie
KINEMATIC Viccostt
4 Pans =
Ae = HE
+ = 40 dy ne—
Tels = 40,009-atokes oa
@ sureace Tension | o
= esisto dve +0 cohesion bet. molecules at
the surtace in Nie
As Continuity Equation
‘Soap bubble, P= Pisside ‘wb adey ws
[Piast rusatol Bannan 9 fur compressiby Fhids
Vigvid beoble | Oy 20°o = 0.070 nfm. ra re 7 aan ae
: Oy Bove = 0.054 Nim
lO LAPILLABY ACTION ( capitlaiy)
-tise 9 fall 0¢ liquid mo cappilloy tube,
+ Adhesion (bet. aiff. substances)
«Cohesion (vet. same substance)
Laminar Flow (Re & 2009?
2 Terpulent Flow (Re > 4000
+ tmpocllenl dp tubes srailet rains »
| 2000 £ Transitin Zony 2 40%
|
|
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Facten Forces)
= AVR Ua foe Now = civevlar crosses ctvn,
R ~hydadic rodwe
.- 5)
4. TURBULENT FLOW (Dore,
1000 4 fm?
Cy a Covi angulad)
Pleat of alge
Ve > vebeity oF comd
Gaz cit [(H ay y"]
Whe Hl, 20
QeeaLa
(OrRaadetemde 6, > ose) |
Raed HLH
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Constants volume combustion oye
a ee ofter eee
Boe @
sD eo a
Nog
PROcEsseEs:
1-2 “lecereple coinpreatin (3-9
2-3 Constans Volume Heat Addi tw Grey
3-4 Laatwple Expenaow iso)
A=4 Constant Yolume Heat Rejection (Vc)
Note:
Vo=W-Ve 7,
Ne ftp
For \senhopte Processes:
reat: -(B)*-
Ve or
+ Heal Addition (aa):
Qy = mcy (T3-Te)
* Heat ue (QR?
= moy (14-14)
* Werk Het (w)
Wes = [2A -|8e] = Poe
* Cycle Thermal Effictency !
e
ep
Wat vio0'h
er compression + gnitiva, engines
famed after Rudolf Diesel
aa
es
,
2 — &
®
|
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Yexponsicn voto
Qu =mep LT -Te)
Qe tment -™)
es Wat 2 Oe
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On
2-3 conctans Volume Heat Additio/
3-4 constan Pressure Heas Addition
‘2 “Teena
Ps
2° 7 (2-3)
e Te
Tee Ve 3-4)
be Vz
Qs > mey CTs =Te) F mop (THT)
Qe= my CTs -T)
* Dal comps gton cyte
Zeal pee ep fixed cycle
eae
eg Cig tim ng as wsoline)
C fon ual rai, otdiceel>
Additonal Note.
Compression ratio
Scanned with CamScannerLysunstonce whe Uy_unien of onygen With combus -
‘ible moterials
vpen comeystivw
:
Teleases heat
7 Gord Fuels —( etaly coke, wood...)
2. Liquid Fuels — Catevel » gasoline | cade...)
Gasens Fuels CLPG, methore, propa
Atomic Foele — Cmomvcl uraniem ; thorivm «
= moistue seateett Volatile maiter, fixed Corben
bLuitimate Analy
SOx = (SGars.c) (CF)
whe
inte
pave ten oye in oe
6 Gros calorific Valve
Ater th the prodvets is inliqu/d stat
oF Med Calontic Valve
~ Wak isin Vapor state.
338200 + + 44 4212(H-2
Srmula_fo¢ Petroleum Produ cks
To, = W130 + 434.6 (APT) Bley
‘Jas, ~Atiatenae) | leg
Where?
He = 26~15 (5.6 Gin th)
+ RCTUML WEIGHT oF Air
= Hh ¢
JANALYSIS OF FLUE GAS
CO, $CO4+ OR ENy = tool
“Si.£lve gas (who 1,0)
Wea = Wat We 5 tlhe
Fuels Aj zr Combustion Products
* COMPOSITION oF AIR
4° By WEIGiT
:,
er
* Molat atin
othe = 5.
Ue e
Moles Na
Moles Op
Catt + A002 #370N)-9 br 0 reCoy FdNg
Ci+e).
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“9
Cott + er alloets.70 Ne) 9 bH,0 Feed, ed,
4)
220-04 moles of air
“fposcenent igh ne
+ TE _Uitimate Analysi
Calin + WEEK}, 3-70) Ho ec,
AW FUEL ewnig !
| Ah aff
Wer = (Me) gg pastas ti
Clem = fair
mass OF fue]
Scanned with CamScannerCHy = Metheny,
Cay — E¥hane,
Cg tl, - Propany’
Cy Hie — Bukonw
CsHi2 - Pentoney
Coty — Hoare
C7 Hit — Heprony,
Cy Hig - Stone
Crott
Notes
+O if -0t Family
al Notes
“Diesels Rudeif Ghietan Ka
= Capacity 0 Rol hp te F070 hp) fur d. engines
fir fy Erhaue gor
Hin Brow
+ fuel system ie
“agian
Diesel fuel is cheoper
Needs no long worm up
No atomdoy [oes
+ Uaideumy Rik eFFicleney oF-allsizes
“imje pentagons
+ Metals ne loyge water supply.
oases
Ts Energy chegetie
ee
J
1 cylinder
ower developed i
indi cater"
~ Measved by an *
Pomep C¥o)
sommes:
(= measures aetval_P = diagram traced by Indicator
> Pinep = AL Sc > Spring Seole
te > length of indcerker
card cleyrew
aren
TF working cylinder & Crantease are te be considered ,
ty “OB
(Shest Power)
ee = caleviated usin
b 2 )N Painy Oroke Be
T=Fr dynamometer
ale,
P, > PomeplYo)
+ worston regordies tte
PL - brake te-
Pe = combined [overall t.€.
Cui inneated e-@-
fey - braie ee.
Eke ~ combined forer-eall €-€
— > Yolume of air drown
Var MakeTa
eee
MU Tester why
NS GG i still tee:
Ph > Dram, sfc,
Py ~ combined overall 8c.
|
1
Scanned with CamScannerIH EREATIEGATIE, HR ~ Vote of enagy chaye
unit oF pone
vz Pe wl er power
Farne” TEAR mest oF, Hurmel eff -
Wy Pi - indicated H.R.
Pb brake H.R.
Pk ~ combined | overall H-R-
in Herts Creils)
“Fo G0 Weis vatgiven.
No. of poles.
ecru (204, sel rel 34)
Exnous} Luss (4) = thgCre ATy
o)= MyCpy ATY
Ls 7. Eilckon | bas Radvetin Bunaccounied Lis se
oom We Re
( strur output (PL) [eer Gt, )
|
4
Coating
WASTE HEAT
BOILER
a] 7
Jacket wake A
By Enegy Batonce?
Ms Che-h) = mgcp, mt
Qs. ms Chs-hy)
pas is
B
Fle gas
Sositer
! 2)
We = thaGpa On}
|@ Heat pases
~ oo My to 230 MW
The = ne
g > Me time itp
Tie male
iS a a Clea
A
in Combu stor,
Qa = MgC pg (T3-(f2
ABW
T= MaCpaTs (fh) |
Waee = Wr- We,
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Tsentwpic Expansion CTutin)
Teeborie Heat Rejection (Cond)
Adiebahe Pumping (ovine)
Teese Hoot Addin. (Baler)
s
wh necessaily Sotvoted
* Qh = MCh hy)
* Be = mms —hs)
we
[Heat Added in the Beiter)
THear Rejected inthe Condante)
™(h-he) LD turbine Wore]
We =m (hah) Pump Work |
Maes Ga Oe Moe) wu al Cih) +See]
: Wea =e (we)
Wy = m(Ves)C Pa Ps) G Turbine EF.
Vee = Welty
G Pump EF ficiens
Cty Wane» (i he) —Wy
* fo0'h, Mi
Se G=hs) = We |
Sta ees sun, Mee
pee wee = ee ey
Gin whey
BLREHEAT ovcue |
. 20) ing Shdcawing Steam, CaiQ)
Sap onsTon ped rules tee soa cers
limiting moisture 40 10 1240,
jede corrosion, j
» 9 719
?
Bower.
TS DIAGRAM:
© © Hor keoheoting!
L™ |
TW mE ciohel es
“We = tm Chy-hs) = my,
“Whee We = Wp
Tevbarig resuperheatingy
in the reheater
©
md]
tC Po~Pe)
reaces cycle effi
Of steom from terbine.
OF Feed wore
= Steam moy be fed te >
4) Open pester
ec ee contact wl Feed wok
) cal a
SEF as woe Neat exchanger
a
by biceding.®. frection/,
Fegencrotve heating
steam
OO conston pressure
heat rejetnon ine
the hearee
© bdiovane purigin
Se ener.
O-@ Aavavatic pomsin
s
in the: Second pomp.
Process Weak
Qy =m Ch. hy)
"Qe = ¢m=machs ha) ~
Wr = mhimhe) + Gm—ma(ha hs)
Wes tWpe 2
= Cm Chs ha) + Che he)
= Veq (Pe-Pa) + Veo (P1= Pe)
Wa = Ox —Qp
= We - We
lust belonce:
Wha (m-mi) hs = my
T= aUho=hs,
(he hs)
Scanned with CamScannercom bination Beer regenerative cycles
Porther improved overait cy
thermal efficiens
ure conker
~ Further reduced the more
wy
— em
Oo &
Pump ® Hear Pump @
: Wes We
| Ts Diagcan : Processec
Tutermesiake Portial
\sentropic Exponcian
2-3 Lsobeic heat rejection,
18 the heater
3-4 Teeboric. resvperneati
in the reheaker v
Ss
47S: Complete isen topic Expansion (Turbine)
5-6: Tsoparie neat Pejeohon C condineety
G1: hdvavahe Pumping (Pump 1)
T-8: Tooboric heat addition (Heater)
BA" Advotane "pumging Compe)
4-12 Tsobaic heat additivn ¢ Boiler).
*Qy = mohimha)
Qk = Um-machs hed
“We = mnie) + Umh—maC
he -ha) + Lm-tn (hg-hg
+ We = Wo, t Wee
S Gmemachgche) + mChg-hy)
= ViecPa and + y
eC Pa~De)
Veo ( Pa Pe),
= Qe-Qe = Wr-Wp
tance in +4
Rsynerative Healer?
thy = mChg =n
Che -h.
Por Turbinw?
aoe
c= Al = ice) hg -h
‘hel “Woh | © ton
5 Port teentropic Expensin!
ctvtv)
Tot+vSed to model octval engines
~ illustrated with the use of regenerator’, 4
abserps heat @ transter 40 working Wi
| FRUWSON cveLE (TP Tr)
notused 40 model actual engines
— Key element is are
cheat stored
+ keused
® / aie
nerahe 2
Clanetoad temp. comprssias
(eonstant Femp. expanse
@
THe,
Wak Qa ae
Cv an
wi
&
TH=TL (Som as Cerna)
TH
BRAYTON PReneating oF air DeFere entering cOmmbyetor-
iagrom>
te]
=e CTyTs)
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~ function +0 produce steam ata pr min:
i Pressure and temperoture,
4. WATER TUBE BoLeR.
&2
~ Water insids tubes & external heal appicotion,
2. Fire Tyee soe
= hot gaseous predvets of combustion inside tikes
Surmmunded by boiler water
POwen BOILER
“Steam at more thon 1.055 kglem® gage
by dltect opplication of heot
2. PORTABLE soLER
internelly Fired boiler
potoe ;
ocomorive
For temporory location
Wee
~ Mounted on o self-propelled track locomotiv
4 MINIATUEE BoLeR
~ Max Timid 1 be classified os such”
di = 405 mm, Leloes mm
P= %03 kglom™
5
working pressum
S LOW PRESSURE HEATING BonEg
~ Mee Pebosseglem’g 7 Ty = lac
6 HOT water suppy poitee
~ oiler furmswing hor wake to be-used extemal
a itsele
4 UNFIRED PRessuge vesseL
~ Rresoue, 18 obtained externally « From
direct heat cppitecnon 7
5 REINSTALLED Boi
~Felocoted veler wir chang of ownership
9. SECOND WAND BOER
10 CONDEMNED BoILER.
~ declared ensofe Evejected.
4. die Preheaten ,
<2 hear erchonger yhiizes flve
aie dor combestion’
us “
Sidiréct the glob oh goats 40 eFFecr ethan HT
3: Binelonn tian
a valve Marge wo *heimpuriHes shat seine,
in the mud‘dam are removed
gases 40 preneat-
2
oF that conntots the boiler
ond chimney.
5. Burnee 7
= Combustion eauipmeay for Firing LAG Wels
G Riot ant (Traveed Drost Q Forced D rari)
devices yu. For combustiva
Create tues
a
Petdwoks preheating device esi heat of Puts
s
— Preheoting divice wl
ce vtilies kom mixed
with water
= beth location ond ownership has been chant
9, Feed watey Pump
eee cacoicd niet
ae hg._With @ definite melting pola
igh wie scam ie releesed in case of
fectbaine Femperatvres Usvally caused by
lew Woter fever
VU Gage glace Cwoter column)
= indigates woter level in the boiler
13. Pressure gogo
= indi ga Presser oF steam
fofery devict) actomettealy.celuasee-theciti—
in case of over=presesr
Sort Blow
Sort Blower ont
~ Uses Steam or compressed aie 40 remove &
lor Temperown Gage
~indicoies present temperoture of steamy
11._woter watis
— Water tuees instaied in the furnou to
Broker the against high temp. & serve as
Sxrtasion of heat Wonste area for fed.
water.
| PERFORMANCE:
ls
1S.
hy
steam
Ks
Fel
a, WA >|
af SOLER
me fhe
Peedwater
Qh = ms ay, > higher heating value of fx)
mass of fuel
~ Fotl ores thrown which He heoled woke
arg hok gases exehong
heat
| Arco of sat U See peor
ie ae Orta oF the Yeor head
} Aa WD
| Ave wavun
As= Toe
Me geen
is 3 Rated Boller Horsepower
cS sine ete
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0.44
Roted Bo. He = Hg Gan!)
Rated Bo. HP = (Water Tube Beiter
_—_——|
coro, ©
oy och,
20
oon
et
gra = 4 =I
[iowa
ay
e lorsep < B | Addition Notes!
Developed Bo. Hp = Ms Chs — he)
35320 asta
Where: wl
he = moss oF the Steam, kglne
hey hp = edthalpy of Steam
feedwater, Exley
“be Roung = —Bertleved po-Hp |7 aewel
D Rated po. HP
AG ideal
FE=_Ms-he} 5 acwal heat absorpiion
228% perk
eg B too'u
3G gaunt Stenson of rote of eveporotien of steam oud
Foctor bf evaporohon,
fee sw ceed
Bo. Economy
measure oF ability of a boiler to transfey 7
heat given by furnoa to woter ond shear
Pr xeseoer
Eu, = MsChs-he) + tes Chie
Me dn
if nO reheoter ond no Boiky Blowdown
Gy = Ms (hs —he)
™y Oy
a!
a
oe
Crone = Metis “h8) = Povet cay
7; Oa,
ihe 4n — Mose Qesy
cer}
= machine which orfginotes mechanical motiot
using some of naWiral Force.
=a prime mover For the Conversion 0+
heat energy of ckeom into work an a
resolving chatty
hy 4. Tdegl Werk
Wei = ms Chy-he)
2. feetwal Turbine Work
Wea = Ms Chy hea)
Oty
if stage Céficieny is given,
Wea =MhsChy~hya) CEs)
frving etincy
Py =MsChi-ha) (eg
Wy ¥
We MsChi=ha)(ee)
Cup = Turbine Ovrove ms Chiba) (@e)
meth “Aid “mshi hen)
(ne=hey(eer(2 9)
™sCh hee)
Lace
fy domty
Sec = Gen cusped
an
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Piston cylinder mechonise
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Into wore in the form oF & positive aks peut,
|
or de cuvmy condi fm
on the exhavsr of 0 Steam prime mover?
by transfer of heat 40 cirwloting water
or air at the lowest om bien) temp erabw
TSS
ol ft o ek hea transfer daview used condantisleom
Tt nyraleorsnitisiatens wear
Zt. _3 = in which skeom @ water do nobmix
n
i yi
fet Brake rower emia
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é ~steom is browgh? inte dirtet contact wilh a
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% Brae row , Pp
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Pye Pr—Pg
S$ Mechanical € tficieny!
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GHD ssa work
=,
Ms SES,
heat
exhrackon Factor
Wueokun presrua
at t condenser
m_— }
ree ee ret siuinaer
pressure.
vice Used 49 pump boiler Feedwater
he 4) Pomp work, Wp
~ eke, Wr =m Che-h)
Ww Vi =
Si ’ (Pa -P)
2) Bowes Tnpvk OF the Pom
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€
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aus Lal
1
| ba
| i b
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| Addttionar pores:
|
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2. To. supply tngredients for combustion in,
proper propor Huns
3. To move products of combustion to the akmotpher
Gravitotionel Separators
2) Tnerhal Seporoturs
Q- ctw
BP, — om, O
tohol drosg=
Ps —stakic drape
P=SQH=PQ
J.
othe a
& Cyclone
3. Elechical precipitator
CREE e SONATE)
NATURAL DRAFT
Bers find ee Pressure difference created by
confining 0 column oF heated gos, 05 by/a chimne}
+ FORCED DRAFT
= 6 deett created by fons
+ INDUCED _DeAET ‘
= draft dee to pressure, rise From greoke +o
Vesser Vocuvm, created ino gos loop bet
Steam generotor ovHet ond chimayy by 0 Fan,
+ BALANCED DenrT
— Eembination OF Forced and induced , or forced
ond netuiol draft, $0 chosen that tne gas loop
25, oF tuna
QuigeD Dem
—OraFt pressure eeavired to overcome the sum/
OF the drafttosses at ony apecified tote ef flew |
WAILABLE DeneT
8 drctt wie the ans and/or chimney of Ihe
928 lop con produce at bny spedtied rate
of flow ‘
Y= Potion Pacte os follows:
ER a oat
Elueges nee
Elve gas ogainst $2. R cone. 20.614
[ H = ens OF consuie
R = hydrastic radivs
@ = dunsity oF ga
V = velocity oF gos
2. Fin won
ees
© 7G oiefiow
StoHe pressun increase, ky (m™
Specie volume sf air or gasy en hic
min = Dioft octvally Prodverd
Theoretical Dror
ie om of Heo
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ek > Cor brick chimneys)
Gur cheat stocrss
= gos flow in mils
© ~constand
= neignde
| Additional ores
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: = i... of [condensed iro
(her-taster feedl 01 0 pressure sud ficiently above,
i to COST The comreer Plow 1AKD
boar
: Nety a presse
Te Seca Y sete
+ py Weare ESE voter
tae} /y,
Gh counterseh leas of
Working medion. (vloudows, lions, ere
Aliitional Nokes {
PNkond steam
— the facility 16 wle the electical energy is produced
frm hok spring « steam vent or geyon
SE Stem vent or geist geothermol couree bs
GEOTHERMAL ENet sy
use steam separator thot rt
~ heat energy aatally occuring with the earth ere camge aeeceacaeaee!
REO" cath
steomy
= hea
aj echs nek
gees b hrbineg
norten metal within earth, ; basically nickl cou
= heats the surrounding wate thereby producin
Steam er hor woken 7 e
~ Hemp. 05 high az 200°C
rake
+ WELUP KODUCT
Boxe - eftluend coming ovt oF geoinemall 7
TT Weta tice deittin |
1 Sktany hoFwater or qi vine of boliys BE aout asnertrclempayadgsateerine ter mary:
: Shear we were nel oxtrocted in a0
ee Fee a ca eet Fae eect
78 Plank WHhibs well producing all steam of wib. ple arts
guid - domine eothrmal pieid
© - 4 Plan with wio.p.
is practically all ho} Water.
@ crack in tne corth, throygh wrichgeoturmal
Substona. pases.
te cea denson
®
STEAM
FLAS TANK
©
co rtigjecton wee
Dowe-hole pump
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ry Fam the production wel
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Theat exchongie serves ye Nactiva of He Beier
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he = hee t@hign
3+ Gencrams output
3
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We = Cms)(hs-hy) Cy Cgew
4. Hoot Rejected in tne Condenser
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= Sgegat suveer oF by,
pths exceedin
~ hot water exteting?at
normal hydestane, gradient & contain
di
0 water =
Pr
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We = Ws Chs-hyed ay
® Twi Ceoshermat Plane GsOMw (hlbay)
© Maviting - Bonahaw ()
0: Power Plank ,
®© Patimpinon Davin Geo. p.r., (iz-s mw)
(Negrae Diem)
Additiunal Noves:
|
|
|
Clectic. amen ju ae...)
generators
= KWOE IA Her reseeveid wle dischorgre
Saweker 49 tointain head of TR plat
crete shwehirs That encloses the reser
chamber ther 3
ee ceachergen op nian
22, impermeable rock ar highkmp| « Wolve - opens] closes entrance of water into
Partially molten rock with Knp as high
as
1200°C
the pensive
‘ATHBEHRACK - 0 screen wfc prevents contamina
anager BERS eminent
[PRERetoce — ehonnel thal leods the wort from
Tesensie 40 the turbine
= standpipe connected te thU/
| atmosphere Q ‘attacned te me penstock,
So Water..vill_ om. pressure.
| FpRace 0 emonnel wie teads He water From
dhe turing fo the tail Water -
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4 Cadevice that conects the 4ubine, Tne OF -Wibinw
niin can nt $e: Up +o 70Ft Propeller Type
+ Hudroshotursine Ceoneuts wote enayy wm} “noet to ot | Propeller | Froncis Type _
Wott 4 eo FE | AF rants “Type
Bott fh Goott Francis of Impulse Type
4. | aE above impulse “Type
tod wai Coven PFA wets au
% Faotion Head Loss Che) = hy hk
£ancis o¢ Propeller)
Dhe = FOR) corey ervatn | @) REACTION TueeiiEs (Erencs or Propel
) be = 29 (HF) = unnaeF seedy Flow principe of Sid scale
Vhert metals are mounted on the Moving
elemeny
~ hos “DRAFT TUBE” ule keeps Avebeet
vp > Sm (is Fa) above Tailwoter
~ hi than impulse
abour §5% — 45%
rortin tower | OY MO TEEREEEIE) ier Hedin Head)
Water Power | = nowed after James B- Fendi
= convasion eff, 20~qy%J,
Pw
% Elect / Generator Effiduny
Meee fe sae Comer
:
4 Generate ‘ Pivpeller (Fixed tad
oie tage WA treaueney in Ha y =With reduced Runber oF blades
hv= test yy
LA no. oF goles i > ward flow axial
> fer low head
~ conversion eff. + 80%
step,
= Inword flow oxi al
= Fr low head, Large volume,
~ conversion ef mune of 1258454]
I _ cr or" Pelton Whcel>
Tetitees knee energy oF high velocity
Verignerical Veloci ioe
f is) ” ~ movement oF ine water is tangential
Ter Velocity - fur ad- (150m k abow) , tow volume
~ hes WoDearT Type
= BT Z0~aor
fhloher efficiencies ae associated wilt
A4iN§ two oF more runners -
olumene CFR ene
mecharical eFRdiend
yoradle ef eteney
Scanned with CamScannerB= CONVENTIONAL POWERBLANT
~eenversion 0F the energy of the.sun's
Lediawen tv vseht work, | eee
i + Flare plete,
+ Concentrating
+ Fecusinge
[Ess aeci-ijal | Nucusa —powen.] Where nuctear is converted into heat
a Yo be usednin prasder cing steam for turbines
———
Qan = Qw HPEFQise
aac ui ? ——— ae
“Teall powerpuaNT ; =a os
eas
= resvits oF ait motion caused by
uneven neating OF the Barns
Fveface B rotation OF Earth
Mindeils — ony various muhowsms, svch ar
against Vanes ar sail
radiating about a horizontal shat}.
Toes os
Hho
| “Teen Typ + Dutch Sel Tyee,
+ Rotor Ty he, * Panemont Type NS
Propater Age, Goer emp eecbya le Pomp
CEE utp Fu core Containmens Vessel
4+ bump - bower
15,0 sad UP" seve
= Votieactive materia Ur an su
2 Kinetic Ener ee ae
oF energy
jsdstahe — device that slows down, thentohen to
2. Volume oF tie = Mata Te a
Ne Part inp = mode o|
TF wind velocity 4¢ given,
Cattle — boro Coated steel vods used to. contol
the.reacten-
\Bitlector - device made + eed or carbuw
= ee he Senne oy
fekaag Shag
| miumacoigl ee con hans
Factor vessel)
~ encloses the fuel core R compounds
concn of lead wc absorbs any
at radiation ond provecks arr
Sapvoue ¥ raaaschnly
Spee @ device thot contdins the mehece
‘hak show the Seerening: Avantites in the
nee F reaeen
MQeot-eneriyy direct vats cleo
qa SODELCNTEY cnssinmans ves
= 0 eonerete that prevents
= deviee that
; Whe sprted of rediaHon in case oF majum
z Converts chemical ner explustuts
into electneal exerue, Shemicdl energy f
Vaz FH o* Vetutty)
Fatty, Bar ~tleenic. power mating vee o
the aiFE. ineteratin beh the hide sor
and bo produce eneray
Goolank — the svostonu thakobsorbe He head
: 7 SPIN fecl core a thon releare Hae
Energy conversien, ee FO the WaT in the Steam gener obo
~ make ose oF oe ae
Sor Fath Wale Fhe water Ok pea Hem
~ Eombvelion Basset produced in combustion ehanber
arhigh temp h presses ond ceedid y] metal vapor +0
increase ibs conduchvity 1s paused tavvyh an PRRAN si rie Lined with @ hong magnetic field.
Scanned with CamScannerunder pressue as,
dias in hcteneer
~ Water presum suehelently Nigh te reach
tw = SSO NGoo"F vou
~ depends upon the Sission of Fas)! nest
rather than thermal neatrins
- No moderater con be use:
~ "brader- produces more fusl thon is wuraud up
~ uses * ak
> huh tome aces Dare teeemeertces
~ Wah power requiremen) depos
conve! 2 ous REACTOR.
* Water — cooled react
+ Navid -mital - cooled reactor
TEimplest frm of nuclear reaction
- fe
Kern geer directly into the reach
ns ine steam 8nd Goes ane iva
T aliitinates extra pump & heat
~ Moretisk of radivactive con
NALY S1S*
exchanger
tominaton,
BY a von
exes)
Mowic Weigh
No..
[tna > eax?
aalieitty
oF atoms per gram
= 268 x16" ghd
c
j Nose 230.46
7] |
[Fito
Tam ~ 4.06 «10784
[ioc 6F tots = 4.00354 ams ]
-
"3.8 eGutwnaetg.s
vpperting parkof thestuche:
x Geka depencs on ¥ne chavaotedshies
ef vein the Stele and the gol end oe
Peneatn
Bed riake
Modkine,
1. To support the weight of the machine: and
distribute this weight ondite own over
Sofe sub-soll area
To absovo vibrations produced by the!
Machine
B+ To maintain proper alignnentoF the machine
2
| Desion:
= Gin(nomn) +0 42in( 300mm)
Verkcal distonce Cy) = Gin('20mm) — minimum,
Fitna bed Plate
width OF the bedplate,
© — emphirical coefficient
We — weight oF the engin’
> Onginc speed in com
Weight of the machine,
© weight of machine tovadation, We
\ con also ve computed per brake
metic horsepower
Ve
Gean we commted ber Kw of te Engine
if density is given:
‘Wass of Newton = 4.00898 amd
Scanned with CamScannersopesell
‘peor
Capes
=a
a.
ey
~ (race,
* Anchor Bolts
the concrete at
the Bolt diameter,
Additind Novert
PAdihind! Notes!
CHIMNEY)
@=5)
oniss ~ Seetiunal ore,
= name given toa
Sp = s0it beaiing Cap ac
Reieari ted]
Te;
Safety
; apie ecke
BLO j th ter bea; creseeal
normally made of bricks and
concrete used fo expel gases to they
re
Steel chimney
Fonicuons :
© To depose the oxhaus
rae
Seat gal
selena vicinity |
© 7 rater se neuce
required for the/
low et Qaser
24 Vi ome
A yd3 connie needs 0.8 yd? stones
Lyd? = G sacks of coment
”
GreoliB pox vibe.
recistonce!
Ku, LOAD
NN ie
Chee)
R.0.P = plant Capacity — Peak Load
Ave Load = —Eneray Produed owes)
No. of hours
Scanned with CamScannerOncapaetacer)
| Eneray Produced
Capocity Factor = —_hewel Eneray Produc
(© naw capacity peste |
nal Energy P
A.C. aeavarotea Capal
© userracr
i
Demand Fock 5m, T mass oF a wevinn= £.67 XH
%
Lamy = 1.66x10
Adogrodn's No. atoms
oP at rom = Avogrodn's No
face? Afonic wegnr | 9
om
3
t 2.68 x10"
Esme =p4]
my
lod.
Agus = 25500 SE
usval shuaal effidengy)
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Vou = RpPs ten Ax
EePe + nha
bre SR + O.06Az
Tht dovhz
“LPG Ceommerciotly clogsed
"Explosive Mixtre of Ai
eee,
se
and Gasoline Vopors,
He, flash point 27.6")
d.infusible, cellslay residve lest other
EeSibIe Ginmiaoss coals ow heeled insta
Db sence of air)
frequent
dtscrikd os Farorfiic, nophéhei,
8 mized bose)
+ Distance fm ty
Floor leve
POF the vail (Standard roilings) $0
"Work rooms eight (tty 40 ceiling)
‘Maximum Numbers of permar Workin,
WC Per any
“V person Jt2 me
For Mechin. Foundation;
We GSW,
=
it fundation is ty
SUPPEF vabalona forces
Sade Sit Beans tresseye > 4890 kglen™
* Machine
Poundatio isolation frm Flor slabs or
building tuotngs ‘te climate?
Nbrebn;
* For fwundatun bot:
; |
Ciaside viene ke) = (COE Las+ 3 Fint)\onchor
Tamer) ioe sieeve,
bolt)
Scanned with CamScanner«linger pumps single -arcting Cop ts 10,6603)”
conservation «F mot obhinger punts
5 on incom
a *Tokeep thu geflected jet vt of He way &
q axon) 24 momentum P oe
jer
deport ¥
*
Evaporation Lass Coun parte or ELF)
‘Stognati py Pootical whin large quanbities of wos or ikexpensiv/
i equi Ty 1
i@hEnthalpy and moss. flox)— (
REI shoots jets oF hot wote Ksream heat energy is available
eal "DAFELGH ONS Cr rath sans rine
ny
TWradown Roto ( rat of mesinvn to nisin mess Slow sols) | toad onthe system)
, eps Operating in weverse., DHEY C Waser Jost in smal ropes end carsed awoy by
underground formotun Costaininy svt siciente
Soivroted permeable moterial 4 ylel: syiticant wedi
. Quontities UF wall) + becringe Stat obec ate ‘
er ina combined Cycle Power Plant — "Ruised droft tans, high speeds
For hotizeabal auction fins,”
“Dork Beato Actus Dew Pit : | Necross th = atria .
© FSIaENsNP CF woter yapor in oin at dew print temps |
ye the amoun that should be te the aie shar beapasa. * Coslate
ir were sonrad oF dry bulb temp -
seletthffcthm ling the leakage we wed okewise
wey FINE Thos ints the,
© 8 reece Hsing.
Andsnes rotalnead (enthaipy) 4§ aim 9 Wereubtemp.
* Expass Factey
~ Hotas odvantoge of Barth's intetior, pseribara.
cane fr large umts TANCE ond Sink or heating & Cooling
Tce ab waht ttn Face
1 Sense Heat — dry bel.
or sul tone 9regat me p Pa ce cl
* Latins Heat — daw point
= Undergeouns s
* Toral Heat > wet vib
f ystem of hob water endfor steam,
ry cooling tower
i 5 Where steom travels theush lar
ameter “tinks" ty o ons flew heat ceotonyn
Fay Au oF Me elanchip bel «dry bulb and dep
(a olused channel exearated through ans f
ebstwohon, dam to Ponerhorse) —psmall avervsin
. in le wake
at ies or alle 7
Im men equipmeng paces R14. | area
sneer i eke
iBeteoamt NE tn an md bcos
> Where steam is condunsed BY cold waker jeko
“ Teaditiod vedgrocstay ny-s (ea60 pA) |
oe —— at omploye fash or high energy Neuhuns
‘farced Droit Towns (5486"F)
Scanned with CamScannerin the atm:
vid of dropletesuspended in 2,
priate term for evaperoter) wdeniele suspended is Hea!
Bee eect Oa a rere
eve conly part is evaporated) ore extracted from an atmuspurs) ,
ice formation atime. expansion device) oa] situs cris garital rovasen
DFP 4a | K=120 7 NT CAmmonta) j E = 1-304 wk
ruvp of ruins) =
oot or geqasaltene, we indie haat
Drs ccecrarcr slg teste
ving similar e peratiay eharackrishcs
C oncused or partitionnd spau trader
BSINg load)»
wena (Ret) ; oe Ware
In_pvso
rate ot wle hea enters a condisiandl
“Space fram an exkinel gouve)
(rate as we ist beremaed
tom ct condi feted spo)
rate a+ whe musy be aduled to th/
. iD
a meme ‘ reduces friction ak rubbing surducsd
* Sees the yeaheah tt slean find Cor (Aeaisie tae
wis > 336 m5
Generally selected for high COP, god part-toad
Betterman, and custin capark nen Per (0-10 pen)
tov steam coil fo water, PATO» pHi)
=U = 550 — 1500 Winte | (Mor Ataworte wong, Prunes :
0 ny
"Uae vale near SSO when, ‘ ( steam wed
SesnERatscabitidli- Siemon nom Gente stanh oF heel ©3499 M a
Set ee onan ik 310 Mea
ESSA am anusnk et oh tha tank
C vetecity at wie a mal
resnet wave,
moves igh te Fadl
Lignt = E x10! mis
Scanned with CamScanner(Trane pistin tain (conmigo gine etched,
sins piven wba
ptrohey)
~ Peat betie ab venting gic thaty an in verted, EL Biot Numperadfopene
Rebtacia rete eee Mea ed alanine Aaa ea wa
a ‘a lvak typty
- oe hanger droinagh’
: aoa " pee
“Lo in drying coils
-taegegenmatkg” Sits echae
MAW tor on imwghhicnn heatiny boiler od |
ied cinsina et fe peeete es heats wrod |
I other tho
he otavaine, he valve Sen
; ng retnaerany ie
COMET eralvateailwelds) |
Cused 49 teat |
oF baler bes vsiag Soe aan micmscepes
“Goa to afetls with digh cortan contesy
Deller fel created. i (
Petolevm tera ee i PR om ‘been dive
EBEK cosy 20 rn "1 xenpalitticexcess ai()
‘SheomTurbines in. ¥
a 8 wer Station an Jo qe
4M Perferning ny ductone keene ering baller / 2
ol of giespctdsedinutatin of sewage,
iu Unesh bocteria tn sewage)
Sd and acd Capa: Hy Rating conditivas for ony rt Seer atioy,
* Frum cie Priv contml cade,
ter a boiler wih 9 capacity of 500 within BTU
SOt content
. “aed ina prematic temperate compl
» hw: for a water gage nw
> Seat
ior 2 gous glasses fried
Nd be tested
Costing water
ver the outside tubes or
plates.
Scanned with CamScannerPHILIPPINE MECHANICAL CODE
EHIL PPINE MECHANICAL CODE,
“Cicarance between the entire svece ssive
Ponel of the equipments and the woll of Hhe/
enclisvee,
“Guards or Rails shuvid be oF \cos\ (Gre Cleam)
between ony Port of the Equipment and
e
I9¢ oF a root
"Gvards oF Rails ay leost ¢
in height Shall be provided
OF other building stwetures -
* S4rainer
ond inst
+ Minky
2 Eleatee ot hoisting ond coun ke weight
Ropes Elevates: 36 ange
For 6 sterey or more, Clevater shail be/
Kept on 24 aby torstont service.
“When 4 of More elevotors serve aller +he same. portion,
Fa Wilding, +hey zhall be located jn?
‘atin Of escalator <
{ween balushrades of an escalotor 7
“Rated Speed ot an Esc
Aton measured along +n
8ngie oF inclmation <= a uf
in @ Boiler Room,
Port of aboiler and wall
1s no Fite resistine, then boilers
oviside the building ab @ diconess
bl
ea
+ Smoke stocks, whether self-sy
ering oF guye dg!
* Stond'a wind ood of
* vise - above the caves of an
building witin © 250 m radius, r
"For Boilers move than 4u m? heating surface ®
> J steam drives, t electrical driven
~ 1 pump, t injector
i bet. feed pump & boilen
‘ Coch boiler
“For ilers more than 46 m™ heating surface or
Mort thea 440 Kglhr capacity.
or
* For Boiler Steom gauge,
{fe MAWP < Dial Range (2MAWP
+ Passage Ways around all sides of thy boiler shall
have an unobstwcted wideh >
a Without tundown #heoughev) the entire
period
rd Hot Water Heating Boller
3 ~ Provides hot Water +0 be used extevnall
on the ed side
Plates on drain inlets shall be de sielgn:
diastalied vo thet no opening ‘Seite
* Mini mum, Number of tHois) 3 _
RGN burns during light off Covener is firing)
~ shu} -of4 with the main bummer
Sct sry
CRs ta ths once
Renta aa at ie
ly or itself
Nor exceeding 1S psia C103 kPa)
/_Voiler operated exceeding 1S psia (ios kPa)
100 psi.
belles in which water 1s heated not exceeding eer)
Temp. Water Boiler
1se6-41 hearing water exceeding Ibo etic (yoe te)
| = rosso exeresieg’ 1s prices ta)
a Pow boilers d= teincks
7 Mela < Presume = foo pein
| > any class of boiler , completely equipped shipped
| {Power Builers, Miniotue Boilers,
| het Water heating boilers!
sins pected externally Rannvally!
Automabe steam Heating
beitars?
Steam Heating Boilers,
"Fer ammonia absorprion,
* Ab least 4 Liter of water
“HEIMEY and Refrigerant mask shall be seed iw
refrigerating plants of
1+ For window dype ait conditionses
with exhaust ducd
discharged ints mally
£7 shall beinstalked ot
above the Sloor level
AYstem | the pnevmatic hank
| +Tn water pumpin
| design pressure is
+ For pivinge
| «less thon 409 mm
CPlanged)
am Pe tered in a machine room at any given ines
“For refrigeration machinery rooomes 7 am
Wnobstrcted walkin
ret e
+ Exhaust from mechanical Vibration systems shall be
discherge frum property tines
9 building pening, Z
Scanned with CamScannerRA A514 (Revised Fire Code of the Philipps of 2008)
Tobiet.
Protection System Mainitnance Standacds
NEPA 10 Portoble Fire Extinguisher
NER [oq Sate Dioxide Fire Extingiching Systeet
NPPA {ZA Halon 30 &E.S-
Neem fag Dey Chemical Extinguishing System,
NFPA IFA Wer Chemical Eg.
NEPA G50 Water-Mist system
NFPA 2001 clean Agent B's.
Sppmonay aly S8HC15 a fire and discharges 0”
PPrved fire ~ extinguishing agent
~ Wsvally activate;
by heat froma tin and discharges
Woter over the Fire brea.
~ GPrickus aysiem employing open sprinklers bur
Esta Pr theo peretion oF a detectin aysieny
installed in te Same area, -
7 Bec tet vas coding Volatile, or goseos
Li extinguisher thot doed nod Jeane restace pow
Neperrtan
~ alarm cavsed by mechanic.
= Tian ee, Fire Deport ments
~ 4 Yainch; for vse oF primorily by Dvilding occupants
ol Failure,
> 2Heinch 7 for Sie Dept 4
> Aleinch ; for building eccoponss
“Cheminat °F water and potassium -corbonate based
chemical, potassivm = otetate - based enemcal
~Persen responsi
For the maintenance of a
Particular Fire prot
jection system.
4 receive signals wlovt oid of wire
ry Stond pipe systen,
1 does nok have a permanent
water Supply
Wet stondpipe connected 4a water supph
~ ub docs net havo water curpiycopstie ee pete
the system demand . o
+ Sprinkler system shall
I have preseue zones so thak
Sprin¥ler heade yi
nob be subjected to?
* For structes occupied fir manvsactis
I stveage od
Artes of cellulose nibeote C py roxy
plosho ,
SOO Ca¥ WBN an GchomaneFiecn tigi!
Sprinkler system with a me" oft
"Dry chemical extinguishing syste
* inspected & tested at? @! maniks intevval
jed in building
"Foam Extinguishing system shall be pro
used as:
‘Mautenen siccrott Hongars
‘Overhead foam—Wwatr sprinur eysten in oircrast-
Servicing area; minimum water sowHin rote
“For wes pie fean-water sprinvler systems,
Sprinkler headl quick response is. at
* Carbon Dioxide © xding vching system,
inspected and tered ah
"High tressvre Cylinacre
“hydrostone tess abi@ manthe inierval
"Dry Standpipe ¢ Glass | or 1)
“limited fe
‘Wet Stondpipe Cclass | or il)
“limited 40
‘For underground trildings »
Cavtomatic wet or manval wet)
‘Elwators are sa 3
“Flan Building with a travel distone that exceed 4G
tr exits mush have sprintien system,
“All bildings shall nove
4 sprinkur eystern excep) in,
building where doors 0
f directly outside In bldgs
* Automatic ¢.
Frinkler System shall be povided 40
business #ecepony”bellngs over IS m ghey
suld be installed at
* Carbon Diexide Extin
ishing System shall nope
install iw ereae
Bean 0% ONY Nighast peins oFOny volve stem.
and ceiling.»
945 ome
Aeompres
ar
Sar ot portion of condunser supported funy
und shall rest on a concrete extendin
bore INU adj growed
* Permanent gravity ventilation
"A mechanical exhave
| * system ; +0 provide compete”
by chense in @ room oF ai least Eoin we drscange
* Dvctingytsed fur cunteying aren, «
"Spaces provided wi
th natvral ventilation. —
Fermenead Wall Ope
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