TIME MANAGEMENT: AN IMPORTANT WAY TO MANAGE STRESSFUL

SCHOOLWORKS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF JUAN G.

MACARAEG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Research Presented to the Faculty of the

Senior High School Department

BY:

JOHANNES KOFFLER A. ALMAZAN

CARLA MARGARETTE C. DE GUZMAN

DARYSH R. DULATRE

VINCENT JOMER F. PADILLA

GIAN DAVE Q. RIVADELO

JOB ALEXANDER C. TORRES

OCTOBER 2023
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study

Time is a valuable and immeasurable resource in a person’s life that

passes over and over without coming back. The challenging environment

enables us to search for many ways on how to manage time properly for this is

the secret for success. Managing time means how activities can be done and

how much time to allocate on activities.

Time Management is both a problem and a solution. 82% of people don’t

have a dedicated time management system because improving time

management is considered a long-term goal. “They always say time changes

things, but you actually have to change them yourself.”- Andy Warhol. It is an

important key to successfully accomplish all your tasks in a short period of time

without getting so much stress.

Deadlines and to-do lists are all common in both life, school, and work.

Books and blogs, hacks and apps, are all created to boost time management

with a bevy of ready-to-apply tools. There is a wealth of research that delves into

the skills that undergird time management. In the study conducted by Dierdorff

(2020), time management is defined as the decision-making process that

structures, protects, and adjusts a person’s time to changing environmental

conditions. Three particular skills separate time management success from

failure are Awareness, Arrangement and Adaptation. Every person needs to

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establish time management skills in these areas so that they will figure out where

to focus.

Time Management may affect an individual’s overall academic

performance and achievements. Most of the students in this generation raise a

comment to themselves and to their teachers that they do not have enough time

to accomplish all the activities assigned to them in a limited period of time

(https://clockify.me/time-management-statistics). Some of them accomplish the

activities on time but some of them request for an extended due date. The

improper allocation of time to all of the activities of students make their study

habit complicated and problematic because of unorganized task plan.

This is an important way to reduce the stress produced by making school

activities. However, there are uncertainties that might block a student’s allocation

of time like household chores because this will also be included in the budgeting

their time. Kaushar (2013) noted that poor time management and lack of

organizing skills start at the secondary level. Learners are taught everything by

the teacher including supervision of work, whereas at university or college,

students take responsibility for their tasks.

In this study, it is expected to know what are the problems that occur while

students manage their time in doing school activities and the actions that every

student do to perform a proper time management. Time Management plays a

viral role in making activities throughout a person’s life, this will enable

everyone’s productivity and will prepare them to the next level of stress they will

encounter in the future.

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Statement of the Problem

Generally, the purpose of this study is to determine the time management

strategies used by Grade 11- Accountancy, Business and Management students

and how would it affect their stressful school works at Juan G. Macaraeg

National High School.

Specifically, this study will be set to find answers to the following:

1. What are the profile of the students in terms of:

a. sex,

b. age?

2. What problems are encountered by students in managing time?

3. What actions can be done to apply time management on stressful school

works?

Significance of the Study

Time Management plays an important part in managing our stress. Being

able to manage our time gives us more flexibility and makes us more productive

when it comes to activities that we have to do. Additionally, this study can be

helpful for individuals struggling with stress.

Specifically, this research is considered important by the following parties:

Learners. This study will help learners manage their stress when it comes

to school works by properly managing and budgeting their time to every activity

in every subject. We can not deny that students are facing a lot of stressful
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schoolwork. Time Management can be the solution to their problem and by this

study, they will be enlightened on how to properly allocate their time everyday.

Parents. Parents, on the other hand, can be benefited by this study and

they are expected to support their children by creating a conducive study

environment at home and in setting realistic expectations. They can also help

their children/ students establish a routine and allocate time for schoolwork. This

study would also enable parents to motivate their children to stay focused and

manage their time effectively by monitoring their progress, and offering

encouragement.

Teachers. This study will help teachers to provide clearer instructions and

achievable deadlines for different activities, as well as offering guidance on

prioritizing tasks to students. They can also teach strategies for planning and

organizing study time, such as creating schedules and breaking down larger

tasks into smaller, manageable ones. Additionally, Teachers can encourage

students to seek help when needed and provide advice for time management

support.

Future Researchers. Future Researchers can use this research study as

their reference for further study on time management. They can use this in order

to have more information regarding time management and its advantage in

managing stress. This will be a base guide for them in figuring out and providing

a new knowledge for everyone.

School Administration. School administration can benefit from this research

as well. They can use the findings to develop or enhance existing programs and initiatives
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that focus on time management skills for students. This research can also contribute to

the development of comprehensive strategies to improve overall student well-being and

academic performance.

Scope and Delimitation

This study will only focus on the Importance of Time Management in

managing stressful school works of Grade 11- Accountancy, Business and

Management students. It will be limited only to the Grade 11- Accountancy,

Business and Management students at Juan G. Macaraeg National High School.

Out of 51 Grade 11 ABM students, this study will only cover 30 students. They

will all be considered in this study since their strand faces serious stress in terms

of academic activities. The Researchers are interested on how students organize

their time to deal with the pressure of their academic obligations.

Definition of Terms

To provide a better and clear understanding of the study, the following

terms were operationally defined based on how they are used:

Manage. This involves the strategies, skills, and techniques to ensure

efficiency and productivity.

Stress. This refers to the state of worry or mental tension resulting from

the pressure to meet academic expectations, such as deadlines, performance

standards, and heavy work loads.

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School works. This refers to the lessons or tasks provided at school or

assigned to be completed at home, such as homework, projects, and reports that

are necessary to assess if students are learning from the discussions or not.

Time Management. This refers to the skills to work efficiently and

effectively, such as organizing, deciding how to divide your time or setting a limit,

scheduling, prioritizing, and creating a to-do list among several tasks.

Accountancy. This refers to the practice of recording, classifying and

reporting on business transactions for a business,

Business. This refers to an organization or enterprising body connected

to business, industry, or profession.

Students. It refers to someone who is studying in Juan G. Macaraeg

National High School S.Y. 2023-2024.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after an in-depth

search done by the researchers. The literature and studies cited in this chapter

address various ideas, concepts, and development related to the study from the

past to the present. Furthermore, the information in this chapter helps in

familiarizing details that are relevant and similar to the current study.

Foreign Literature

The ability to effectively manage time is crucial for achieving success and

maintaining a balanced and fulfilling life. Regardless of whether you are a

student, a professional, or an individual striving for personal growth, mastering

Time Management Skills is essential (Harris, 2023) . It involves planning,

organizing, and prioritizing tasks to maximize productivity and achieve set goals

within a specified time frame (Okorobie, 2023).

Alexander (2023) noted that, time management is the strategy of planning

out your available time and controlling the amount of time you spend on specific

tasks to work more efficiently. Better time management means a better work-life
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balance. Work-life balance creates numerous positive benefits like decreased

stress and more time for family and loved ones.

According to the University of Southern Mississippi (2023), good time

management skills are important for balancing academic workloads with

extracurricular activities and responsibilities. Time management is the process of

organizing and planning how to allocate time between specific activities. Planning

ahead and creating a good to-do list will help you get more done in less time,

complete higher quality tasks, meet deadlines without being late, overcome

procrastination, and reduce stress. You won't feel that way and can spend your

time doing fun things. When practiced mindfully and over a longer period of time,

time management can help us stay on top of our workload stress-free and

balance our personal and professional responsibilities (My Hours, 2022)

The benefits of time management include greater clarity, greater

capability, and greater confidence. When you are clear on the best use of your

time, you become more focused and productive. Good time management helps

you achieve bigger goals, reduces procrastination, and increases productivity.

Effective time management reduces overwhelm and helps you prioritise,

ensuring you work smarter and achieve your goals faster (BakkerElkhuizen,

2023).

Students who are concerned about maintaining consistent high academic

performance will strive to manage their time effectively to ensure that they are

able to participate in all required institutional activities without compromising their

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academic standards. Stress only occurs when the people involved fail to utilize

their available time effectively. (IvyPanda, 2023).

Effective time management is associated with greater academic

performance and lower levels of anxiety in students; however many students find

it hard to find a balance between their studies and their day-to-day lives.

Undergraduate engineering students using the Time Management Behavior

Scale. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and model reduction are used to

attempt to determine which aspects of time management the students practiced,

which time management behaviors were more strongly associated with higher

grades within the program, and whether or not those students who self-identified

with specific time management behaviors achieved better grades in the program.

It was found that students’ perceived control of time was the factor that correlated

significantly with cumulative grade point average. On average, it was found that

time management behaviors were not significantly different across gender, age,

entry qualification, and time already spent in the program. (Richelle V Adams,

Erik Blair, 2019)

Foreign Studies

Therefore, scheduling plays a crucial role in time management. An

effective task and time allotment will greatly improve your time management. As

mentioned by Chapman, Rupured. Price, Carney, & Clews (2020), having an

effective schedule includes knowing the things that must be done within the

allotted time frame. The challenging tasks must be planned when a lot of energy
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is stored, and the most prioritized activities must be done. first. Schedule small

tasks for the most basic activities, such as drafting an email or taking notes.

A study by Savuthsengheng et al. (2020), on the other hand, found that a

lack of time management leads to procrastination, lower grades, a lack of sleep,

and a higher risk of dropping out. As a result, Savuthsengheng et al. (2020)

suggests that students should best manage their time by creating a schedule or

to-do list, being flexible, and avoiding procrastination.

Students who effectively managed their time were more likely to achieve

higher grades and perform better academically. This is because they were able

to allocate dedicated time for studying, reviewing, and preparing for exams

(Brown and Jones, 2019). Furthermore, Smith and Johnson (2018) suggest that

students who practiced good time management skills reported lower levels of

stress and anxiety compared to those who did not. These students were able to

allocate sufficient time for studying, completing assignments, and engaging in

extracurricular activities, resulting in a better work-life balance.

Local Literature

Time management is about spending your time in the right places, on the

right thing. In order to manage your time effectively, it’s important to know your

priorities, obligations, and schedule. Some tasks may need to be completed that

same day while others can be carried forward to the next day. Prioritize your

tasks to focus on the ones that are more important. Set a realistic deadline for

your task and stick to it. It may help to set the deadline a few days before the
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task is due so you can complete any other tasks that might get in the way. Time

management is a key to success! It will allow you to maintain balance between

your work, personal, and family responsibilities (Lam, 2021).

When you know how to manage your time well, then you’re more likely to

perform better at your job. This is because you’re able to budget time effectively

for every task you need to complete and know which tasks are more urgent than

others. This, in turn, helps you create a comprehensive schedule to help you

achieve your tasks on time (Si, 2023).

According to Barrientos (2022), it may be helpful to have activities that

create a separation between personal and work time. It could be as simple as

stretching and having breakfast in the morning, or taking a walk around your

neighborhood once your work hours end. If you have an area dedicated to work,

it helps eliminate distractions and enable the right mindset. When it comes to

plans, winging your schedule is easy until you actually have to do the work.

Making plans may seem simple when you map it out in your head, but it’s still

mental labor that can take up your precious energy.

Set a schedule for each one of your tasks so you know how to squeeze

them in one day. We can’t generalize that everybody is the productive during the

wee hours of the morning. However, only you can determine which time of the

day you are most productive. If you really want to manage your time effectively,

make sure that you do things on time. Be strict. If you list down to do a homework

for an hour, get it done in a span of one hour. No excuses. (Beltran, 2019)
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Local Study

Time management is the process of planning and consuming your time in

a particular activity every day. Fulgencio et al., (2020) states that in terms of the

project deadline and priorities, students should pass all their projects and paper

works before the deadline to avoid cramming, make a checklist for every day to

achieve and finish all tasks, and finish their projects during their free time to

mangage their time well.

Mariano et al., (2022) noted that most of the students exhibit good level of

time management skills. With the academic performance, majority of the

respondents belonged to approaching proficiency level which means that most of

the respondents have developed fundamental knowledge and skills, with minimal

guidance from the teacher or with peers, and can transfer them through authentic

tasks. There was a very high positive significant relationship between time

management skills and academic performance of the respondents, which means

that cultivating time management skills among the working students enrolled in

open high school programs can significantly improve their academic

performance.

When it comes to the extent of students academic procrastination

affecting their time managements. When it comes to the extent of students

prioritization techniques affecting their time management all the student

respondents strongly agreed that they make checklist of the things that they need

to do every day (Paguio, 2019).

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In the study conducted by Edig (2022), the findings indicated that time

management is manifested most of the time and self-directed learning is much

observed. Moreover, the academic performance in Mathematics is not proficient.

Time management and self-directed learning were found to have no significant

relationship with academic performance in Mathematics. Thus, time management

and self-directed learning do not significantly predict academic performance in

Mathematics.

Time management correlates positively with success in science and

mathematics. Achievement in science and mathematics is the highest among

students with good time management. Procrastination negatively affects

achievement. High school students who procrastinated less fare better in

mathematics (Santos et al., 2022).

Conceptual Framework

Input Output
Process
Demographic Figure 1.  Effective
Paradigm oftime
the
Profile:
Study management

 Name  Survey strategies for

 Questionnaire
(optional)
This figure shows the conceptualstudents in of
framework
 Data Gathering making
Sex study. The names,
 the sex, and age of school
every
 Interview
Age
 respondent will be needed to identify the works .
differences of
 Improved

productivity

while studying.
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each point-of-views. Each of them will then be asked questions to assess their

opinions and knowledge about time management. Different tools and procedures

of Data Gathering will be used such as interview, survey, and questionnaire.

After this stage, these information will then be analyzed and the outcome will be

the effective strategies and productive study habits for students in making school

works.

Chapter 3
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METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology that will be used in this study. It begins

with a description of the research design, respondents of the study, locale of the

study, sampling technique, data gathering instrument, data gathering procedures,

and statistical treatment of the study.

Research Design

The research design that will be used in this study is an evaluation research

design. In this study, the research design will be used to evaluate the

effectiveness of a time management program in reducing stress among senior

high school students at Juan G Macaraeg National High School. The design will

allow for the collection and analysis of data to determine the outcomes and

impacts of the program. This method involves administering a structured

questionnaire to gather information about students' time management practices,

perceived stress levels, and their ability to manage schoolworks effectively.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be senior high school students enrolled at Juan

G. Macaraeg National High School who are in academic track. The study will

include students from grades 11 and 12, both genders to ensure a diverse

representation. The selection of respondents will be done through a stratified

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sampling technique, specifically targeting students in each academic track

strands.

Locale of the Study

The study will be conducted at Juan G. Macaraeg National High School, located

in Brgy. Canarvacanan, Binalonan, Pangasinan. This school has been chosen

as the locale of the study due to its accessibility and willingness to participate.

Additionally, the school represents a typical senior high school in terms of

student demographics and academic workload, making it an ideal setting for the

research.

Sampling Technique

The study will use a stratified sampling technique to select the participants. In

this case, some students in each strand will be selected as respondents. This

sampling technique will ensure that each of the academic track strands will have

a representative and can provide valuable insights into its effectiveness.

Data Gathering Instrument

The data for this study will be collected using a structured questionnaire. The

questionnaire will be designed to gather information on the participants' time

management practices, the level of stress they experience due to schoolwork,

and their perception of the importance of time management in managing their

workload. The questionnaire will be a likert scale (agreement) to allow for a

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comprehensive understanding of the participants' experiences. The questions will

be rated through 5-point Likert rating scale:

1 - Strongly Disagree

2 - Disagree

3 - Agree

4 - Strongly Agree

5 - Very Strongly Agree

Data Gathering Procedure

To collect the data, the researchers will distribute the questionnaires to the

selected respondents during a designated class period. The respondents will be

given clear instructions on how to complete the questionnaire and will be assured

of the confidentiality and anonymity of their responses. The researchers will be

present to address any questions or concerns raised by the participants during

the data collection process.

Statistical Treatment

The collected data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques.

The statistical analysis will provide insights into the significance of the findings

and help draw meaningful conclusions from the data. To find out how do students

apply time management effectively in their life to manage stressful schoolworks,

it will be rated with the help of a survey questionnaire. The following scale will be

used to interpret the data:

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1 - Strongly Disagree

2 - Disagree

3 - Agree

4 - Strongly Agree

5 - Very Strongly Agree

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Survey Questionnaire

Age:

Sex:

Instruction: Using the 5 point scale shown below. ate the following questions by

placing a check in the box. Please answer the question honestly. Do not leave

each item unanswered.

Scale;

Strongly Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Very Strongly

Agree

1 2 3 4

Problems encountered by students in

managing time

Questions 1 2 3 4 5

1. I often experience

tardiness.

2 .Insufficient time

management leads to

increased stress and

anxiety related to
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schoolwork.

3. I often find myself

procrastinating and leaving

tasks until the last minute.

4. I struggle to prioritize my

tasks and assignments

effectively.

5. Time management is

crucial in effectively

managing my schoolwork.

6. I struggle to balance my

schoolwork with other

extracurricular activities

and commitments.

7. Developing better time

management skills is

essential for improving my

academic performance.

8. I often feel overwhelmed

by the amount of

schoolwork I have to

complete within a given

time frame.
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9. I find it challenging to

stick to a schedule or plan

for completing my

schoolwork.

10. I struggle to meet

deadlines for my school

assignments.