Lighting Design Principle

- Play a crucial role in optimizing the functionality and efficiency of lighting systems
- Fundamental guidelines applied in planning and implementing effective lighting systems
- Ensure that lighting solutions meet functional etc

Incandescent Era (1800-1900)

- Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan
- Incandescent light bulb was developed

Emergence of Electric Lighting (Late 19th Century)

- Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse
- Alternating Current (AC) was developed

Industrialization and Workplace Lighting (Early 20th Century)

- Frank Gilbreth and Frederick Taylor applied scientific management principles to
workplace efficiency.
- Lighting design for improved productivity and safety.

Human Factors and Ergonomics (Mid-20th Century)

- Richard Kelly and William Lam & Stanley McCandless
- Principles focused on human factors, considering visual comfort and well-being

Energy Crisis and Focus on Efficiency (1970s)

- Howard Brandston advocated for sustainable lighting practices during energy crisis
- Energy-efficient lighting principles

Advent of LEDs (Late 20th Century - 21st Century)

- Nick Holonyak Jr. and Shuji Nakamura
- Development of LED technology

Integration of Smart Technologies (21st Century)

- Philips (Hue Smart Lighting System) & individual contributors in the field of Internet of
Things (IoT)
- Smart Technologies were integrated

Sustainable Lighting (Present)

- Zumtobel and Zumtobel Group
- Sustainable lighting principles and eco-friendly practices and materials were promoted
and emphasized
1. Illuminance Levels

- Amount of light required in a space

- Metric used to measure the light intensity within a space
- Footcandles or lux
- Luxes: amount of light PROJECTED onto a surface
- Candela: indicates the STRENGTH of the light emission
- Lumen: describes the AMOUNT of light that is radiated, AMOUNT OF LIGHT EMITTED
by the source, amount of light that FALLS ON A SURFACE measured in LUMENS PER
SQUARE METER.
- Lux: indicates the ILLUMINATION INTENSITY of an area
- 1 LUX = 1 LUMEN PER SQUARE METER

2. Uniformity
- Helps minimize shadows and glare in a space
- Creates a visually comfortable environment, reduces eye strain, ensures consistent
visibility
- Measurement of how equally light is distributed on the road
- Ratio: MINIMUM LUMINANCE - MEAN LUMINANCE
- Longitudinal Uniformity: Ratio of MINIMUM - MAXIMUM LUMINANCE
- U1 = MINIMUM / AVERAGE LUX

3. Color Rendering
- Color Rendering Index (CRI): measures how accurately light sources display colors
- Higher CRI Values: ensure that colors appear TRUE to life, better color rendering ability

4. Energy Efficiency
- Optimized by using energy-efficient light sources and incorporating controls
- Selecting technologies like LEDs and employing sensors or timers adjust lighting

● Ways to save energy

- Switch to LED bulbs
- Install dimmer switches
- Use motion sensors and timers
- Optimize neutral light

5. Maintenance Considerations
- Choosing fixtures that are easy to maintain and replace helps minimize
downtime and maintenance costs
- Considering the lifespan of light sources ensures a reliable and cost-effective
lighting system
6. Adaptability
- Allows for easy modifications to accommodate changes in the space’s layout or
function
- Minimizes the need for extensive adjustments to the lighting infrastructure

7. Glare Control
- Selecting fixtures and positioning them to avoid direct views of light sources
- Glare Reduction: crucial for visual comfort, preventing discomfort and improving
overall visibility in the space

8. Regulatory Compliance
- Ensures that lighting systems meet safety and performance requirements
- Crucial for the well-being of occupants and the longevity of the system
- National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP): Covers regulations related
to building construction including lighting

● Aspects related to lighting (NBCP)

> Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting
- Crucial for ensuring occupant safety during emergencies
> Illuminance Levels
- Ensure that there is adequate lighting for various activities and tasks
> Electrical Safety
- Regulations regarding the electrical installation
- Compliance with the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) is essential
> Energy Efficiency
- Requirements and guidelines to promote sustainability and reduce energy
consumption
> Accessibility
- For people with disabilities
- Ensures that the lighting is adequate for those with visual impairments and that
controls are accessible
> Fire Safety
- Addresses fire safety measures
- May play a role in emergency egress and fire detection systems
> Natural Light and Ventilation
- Code that provides guidelines regarding the integration of natural light into
building design
- Requirements for windows, skylights, light wells
> Aesthetics
- Contributes to the overall ambience of a space
- Enhances the visual appeal and creates positive and inviting atmosphere for
occupants
 > Safety and Sustainability
- Involves creating well-lit spaces that prioritize occupants safety through
measures
- Sustainable Lighting: practices focus on resource efficiency, energy
conservation, and environmentally conscious design choices, ensures a
harmonious balance between functionality, safety and long-term environmental
well-being

● Lighting Design Principle (Roles)

- Energy Efficiency
- Natural Light Integration
- Reduced Light Pollution
- Adherence to Green Building Standards
- Long-Term Cost Savings
- Environmental Impact Considerations

Lighting Designs
- Based on both Science and Visual Arts

Architectural Lighting Design

- Field of work or study that is concerned with the design of lighting systems within the
built environment, both interior and exterior

Interior Lighting Design

- Within the border field of interior design
- Focused on creating aesthetically pleasing and functional lighting solutions for indoor
spaces

Exterior Lighting Design

- Within the real of architectural and landscape design
- Focuses on strategically illuminating outdoor spaces and structures

● Examples of Architectural Lighting Designs

> Flood Lights
- Designed to light outdoor areas by flooding an area with light
> Accent Lighting
- emphasizes certain objects or areas, acts as highlighting device
➢ Two types of Accent Lighting
- Functional Lighting
- Mood Lighting
> Task Lighting
- Use of incandescent lights directly illuminating a task and activities
 > Pathway Lighting
- Exterior lighting designed for landscaping and pathways
➢ Four types of Pathway Lighting
- Garden Lights
- Bollard Lights
- Flush Lights
- Down Lights
> Ceiling Lighting
- Mounted on the ceiling
- Provide ambient lighting and task lighting in kitchens and bathrooms
> Floor Deck Lighting
- Outdoor lighting that is installed on or near the surface of a deck or patio
> Linear Recessed Lighting
- Linear shape luminaire
- Long optics to distribute light over a more narrow area
> Fence Illumination
- Illuminate the borders of your backyard
- Visual identifier of the fence line

● Importance of Architectural Lighting

- Defining the appearance of the building
- Creating an emotional value
- Showcasing architectural elements
- Improving visibility and safety
- Enhancing the overall aesthetic and functionality of a space

● Benefits of Architectural Lighting

- Enhanced aesthetic
- Increased visibility
- Increased safety and security

● 8 Examples of Good Architectural Lighting Design

- Oslo Opera House
- Indian Heritage Centre
- V on Shenton
- Louisiana State Museum and Sports Hall of Fame
- Ofunato Civic Centre and Library
- Mecenat Art Museum
- JW Marriott Zhengzhou
- State Courts Complex
 ● 3 Basic Types of Architectural Lighting
- Cove Lighting
- Soffit Lighting
- Valance Lighting

● Methods of Architectural Lighting

> Task Layer
- Increase visibility for performing tasks
> Focal Layer
- Highlight specific architectural features
> Ambient Layer
- Fill a space with light, create a comfortable and inviting atmosphere
> Decorative Layer
- Decorative elements, adding visual interest and enhancing the overall aesthetic
value
> Daylight Layer
- Use of natural light to illuminate the space

Telecommunication
- Transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, or information of any nature by
electromagnetic systems

Telecommunication System
- Network of components that enable communication between two or more parties
- Uses electricity, light, or radio waves to transmit signals
- May be ANALOG or DIGITAL

● Components of Telecommunication
> Data Source
- Create data for transmission from where it originates
> Transmitter
- Encode data for transmission
> Transmission Medium
- Connecting medium between devices
- Cable or non cable
> Receiver
- Decode back to original
- Device used to receive data
> Destination
- Final destination of transmission
Telecommunications Network
- Collection of communication devices that are interconnected
- Includes a SERIES OF CONNECTING POINTS called NODES that are interconnected
with cables (WIRING)
- Examples: Cellular Network and Internet

Network Topology
- The configuration of a network
- Manner in which the cable is run to individual workstations on the network
- Examples: Bus Topology, Ring Topology, Star Topology

Mobile Phone
- Portable devices that use wireless networks to communicate over long distances
- Enable voice calls, text messaging, and various applications

Laptop
- Portable computers that can connect to the internet
- Built-in webcams and microphones

Satellite
- Receive signals from ground-based devices and retransmit them to other locations on
Earth.
- Facilitate TV broadcasting, internet connectivity, mobile communication, and Global
Position System (GPS)

Radio
- Use radio waves to transmit and receive signals
- Radio Broadcasting Stations: send out signals carrying audio content

Wireless Router
- Connects to an Internet service provider and creates a local network within a specific
area
- Proves Wi-Fi connectivity

GPS Device (Global Positioning System)

- Use signals from satellites to determine precise locations on Earth
- Allows users to accurately determine their position and navigate to desired destinations

Fax Machine
- Transmit documents over long distances via telephone lines
- Sending fax machine: converts the document into audio signals transmitted to the
receiving fax machine through telephone network
 ● Types of Network
> Personal Area Network (PAN)
- Connect devices within the immediate area of individual people
- Offers a network range of 1 to 100 meters
- Transmission speed is very high, very easy maintenance, very low cost
> Local Area Network (LAN)
- Group of computers and devices that share a common communications line or
wireless link
- Connects computers and hardwares relatively close together and share
resources etc.
- Ranges up to 2km, transmission speed is very high, easy maintenance, low cost
> Campus Area Network (CAN)
- Set of interconnected LANs that form a smaller version of a WAN within a limited
geographic area, usually a school or office
- Mainly use Ethernet technology
- Ranges from m1km to 5km, transmission speed is very high, moderate
maintenance, moderate cost
> Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
- Connects computers and hardwares located in a geographic region of the size of
a metropolitan area
- Uses FDDI, CDDI, and ATM
- Ranges from 5km to 10km
- Transmission speed is average, difficult maintenance, high cost
> Wide Area Network (WAN)
- Extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose of computer
networking
- Group of local area networks that communicate with each other
- Ranges 50km
- Transmission speed is very low, very high maintenance, very high cost

Transmission Media
- Path through which a signal is sent through a telecommunication network
- Transmitting medium used in networks can be copper, glass, plastic (fiber optic
cable), air (microwave, radio wave)

● Types of Transmission Media

> Copper Wiring
- Principal telecommunications transmission medium
> Coaxial Cable
- Two conductors: Inner solid wire surrounded by an outer braided metal sheath
> Optical Fibers
- Long, thin strands of very pure silicon glass or plastic, diameter of human hair
- Arranged in bundles called OPTICAL CABLES
Wireless
- Electromagnetic waves carry the signal instead of wires

SUMMARY OF ENUMERATIONS

● PRINCIPLES OF LIGHTING DESIGN

1. Illuminance Levels
2. Uniformity
3. Color Rendering
4. Energy Efficiency
5. Maintenance Considerations
6. Adaptability
7. Glare Control
8. Regulatory Compliance

● ASPECTS RELATED TO LIGHTING (NBCP)

1. Exit Signs and Emergency Lighting
2. Illuminance Levels
3. Electrical Safety
4. Energy Efficiency
5. Accessibility
6. Fire Safety
7. Natural Light and Ventilation
8. Aesthetics
9. Safety and Sustainability

● LIGHTING DESIGN PRINCIPLE ROLES

1. Energy Efficiency
2. Natural Light Integration
3. Reduced Light Pollution
4. Adherence to Green Building Standards
5. Long-Term Cost Savings
6. Environmental Impact Considerations

● WAYS TO SAVE ENERGY

1. Switch to LED bulbs
2. Install dimmer switches
3. Use motion sensors and timers
4. Optimize neutral light
● EXAMPLES OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING DESIGNS
1. Flood Lights
2. Task Lighting
3. Pathway Lighting
4. Ceiling Lighting
5. Floor Deck Lighting
6. Linear Recessed Lighting
7. Fence Illumination
● 4 TYPES OF PATHWAY LIGHTING
1. Garden Lights
2. Bollard Lights
3. Flush Lights
4. Down Lights

● 2 TYPES OF ACCENT LIGHTING

1. Functional Lighting
2. Mood Lighting

● IMPORTANCE OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING

1. Defining the appearance of the building
2. Creating an emotional value
3. Showcasing architectural elements
4. Improving visibility and safety
5. Enhancing the overall aesthetic and functionality of a space

● 8 EXAMPLES OF GOOD ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING DESIGN

1. Oslo Opera House
2. Indian Heritage Centre
3. V on Shenton
4. Louisiana State Museum and Sports Hall of Fame
5. Ofunato Civic Centre and Library
6. Mecenat Art Museum
7. JW Marriott Zhengzhou
8. State Courts Complex

● 3 BASIC TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING

1. Cove Lighting
2. Soffit Lighting
3. Valance Lighting
● METHOD OF ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
1. Task Layer
2. Focal Layer
3. Ambient Layer
4. Decorative Layer
5. Daylight Layer

● COMPONENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATION
1. Data Source
2. Transmitter
3. Transmission Medium
4. Receiver
5. Destination

● TYPES OF NETWORK
1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
3. Campus Area Network (CAN)
4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
5. Wide Area Network (WAN)

● TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA

1. Copper Wiring
2. Coaxial Cable
3. Optical Fibers