Scribd
Upload
173 views2 pages

Lesson 32

This document discusses the rules of istithna (exception) in Arabic grammar. It outlines 3 elements of istithna including what is excepted, what it is excepted from, and the particle of exception. It then defines different types of istithna based on whether the excepted element is the same type as what it is excepted from. It concludes by providing rules for determining the case ending of the excepted element based on the structure and type of istithna.

Uploaded by

Mobeen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
173 views2 pages

Lesson 32

This document discusses the rules of istithna (exception) in Arabic grammar. It outlines 3 elements of istithna including what is excepted, what it is excepted from, and the particle of exception. It then defines different types of istithna based on whether the excepted element is the same type as what it is excepted from. It concludes by providing rules for determining the case ending of the excepted element based on the structure and type of istithna.

Uploaded by

Mobeen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

3 elements:

1. ‫ا&ستثنى‬- what is excepted


2. ‫ ا&ستثنى منه‬- what it is being excepted from
3. ‫ستثناء‬-‫ اداة ا‬- the particle of exception such as ،-‫إ‬
2‫ ماخ‬،‫ ماعدا‬،‫ غير‬،‫سوى‬

Terminology:

Munqati’: when istithna is NOT the same type as


mustathna minhu.
Muttasil: when istithna IS the same type as the
mustathna minhu.
Taam: when the istithna is complete and has a
mustathna minhu.
Mufarragh: when the istithna does not have a
mustathna minhu.

Mujab: a positive sentence


Ghair mujab: a negative/prohibitive/interrogative
sentence.

The mustathna after

Lesson 32 Rules of Istithna -‫إ‬


ٍ ‫لكل‬
Istithna munqati’: always mansub ‫ ا&وت‬-‫داء دوا ٌء ا‬
Istithna muttassil: if mujab then mansub eg
َ
‫الشرك‬ -‫ الذنوب كلها ا‬K‫يغفر ا‬
If muttassil but Ghair mujab
(negative/prohibitive/interrogative): Either mansub
or the same i’rab as the mustasthna minhu.

For mufarragh: it gets the I’rab it deserves and you


do this by omitting the -‫ إ‬and giving the i’rab that
would be given otherwise. E.g. ‫ل‬2‫ب‬
ٌ -‫ ما رأيت ا‬- here if
you take out the -‫ إ‬it becomes clear that bilal is the
subject and would therefore be marfoo’.

The mustathna after ‫ غير‬and ‫سوى‬

The mustathna after these words is majrur because


they have a mudaf/mudaf ilayh relationship.

The mustathna after ‫ ما عدا‬and 2‫ ماخ‬is mansub.

You might also like