SKULL,INDIVIDUAL CRANIAL BONES -I  Mastoid border

FRONTAL BONE  Lambdoid border

 Squamous part  Highest nuchal line
 Frontal tuber  Superior nuchal line
 Superciliary arch  Inferior nuchal line
 Glabella  External occipital protuberance
 Supraorbital magrin  Internal occipital protuberance
 Supraorbital foramen/ Supraorbital notch  Internal occipital crest
 Parietal magrin  External occipital crest
 Temporal line  Cruciform eminence
 Zygomatic process  Groove for superior sagittal sinus
 Groove for superior sagittal sinus  Groove for transverse sinus
 Frontal crest  Cerebral fossa
 Foramen caecum  Cerebellar fossa
 Orbital part  Basilar part
 Fossa for lacrimal gland  Clivus
 Trochlear fovea  Pharyngeal tubercle
 Ethmoidal notch  Groove for inferior petrosal sinus
 Anterior ethmoidal foramen  Lateral part
 Posterior ethmoidal foramen  Occipital condyle
 Frontal sinus  Condylar canal (condylar fossa)
 Opening of frontal sinus  Hypoglossal canal
 Nasal part  Jugular notch
 Nasal spine  Foramen magnum
PARIETAL BONE TEMPORAL BONE
 Sagittal border  Squamous part
 Occipital border  Groove for middle temporal artery
 Squamosal border  Petrotympanic fissure
 Frontal border  Zygomatic process
 Frontal angle  Articular tubercle
 Sphenoidal angle  Mandibular fossa
 Occipital angle  Articular surface
 Mastoid angle  Petrous part
 Parietal foramen  Pars mastoidea
 Superior temporal line  Mastoid foramen
 Inferior temporal line  Mastoid process
 Parietal tuber  Mastoid notch
 Groove for middle meningeal artery  Occipital groove
 Groove for superior sagittal sinus  Groove for sigmoid sinus
 Groove for sigmoid sinus  Carotid canal
OCCIPITAL BONE  External opening of carotid canal
 Squamous part of occipital bone  Internal opening of carotid canal
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 Musculotubal canal  External acoustic opening
 Semicanal for tensor tympani  External acoustic meatus
 Semicanal for auditory tube  Tympanic sulcus
 Trigeminal impression  Tympanic notch
 Groove for greater petrosal nerve  Tympanic canal
 Groove for lesser petrosal nerve  Petrotympanic fissure
 Arcuate eminence  Stylomastoid foramen
 Tegmen tympani  Styloid process
 Petrosquamous fissure SPHENOIDAL BONE
 Porus acusticus internus  Body
 Internal acoustic meatus  Sphenoidal sinus
 Subarcuate fossa  Septum of sphenoidal sinuses
 External opening of carotid canal  Opening of sphenoidal sinus
 Internal opening of carotid canal  Sphenoidal crest
 Jugular fossa  Sphenoidal rostrum
 External opening of tympanic canal  Hypophysial fossa
 Tympanic part  Tuberculum sellae
 Dorsum sellae
 Middle clinoid process  Perpendicular plate
 Salla turcica  Crista galli
 Posterior clinoid process  Cribriform plate
 Carotid sulcus  Cribriform foramina
 Sphenoidal lingula  Ethmoidal labyrinth
 Greater wing  Orbital plate
 Foramen rotundum  Anterior ethmoidal cells
 Foramen ovale  Middle ethmoidal cells
 Foramen spinosum  Posterior ethmoidal cells
 Infratemporal crest  Superior nasal concha
 Lesser wing  Middle nasal concha
 Optic canal  Ethmoidal bulla
 Anterior clinoid process  Uncinate process
 Superior orbital fissure MAXILLA
 Pterygoid process  Body of maxilla
 Lateral plate  Orbital surface
 Medial plate  Infra-orbital canal
 Pterygoid notch  Infra-orbital margin
 Pterygoid fossa  Anterior surfaceÜ
 Scaphoid fossa  Infra-orbital foramen
 Pterygoid canal  Canine fossa
 Pterygoid hamulus  Nasal notch
CRANIAL BONES  Anterior nasal spine
ETHMOIDAL BONE  Infratemporal surface
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 Alveolar foramina  ZYGOMATIC BONE
 Alveolar canals  Lateral surface
 Maxillary tuberosity  Temporal surface
 Nasal surface  Orbital surface
 Lacrimal groove  Temporal process
 Conchal crest  Frontal process
 Lacrimal margin  Orbital tubercle
 Maxillary hiatus  Zygomaticofacial foramen
 Greater palatine groove  Zygomaticoorbital foramen
 Maxillary sinus  Zygomaticotemporal foramen
 Frontal process NASAL BONE
 Anterior lacrimal crest  Ethmoidal groove
 Lacrimal notch  Nasal foramina
 Ethmoidal crest INFERIOR NASAL CONCHA

 Zygomatic process  Lacrimal fossa

 Palatine process  Maxillary process

 Nasal crest  Ethmoidal process

 Incisive canals MANDIBLE

PALATINE BONE  Body of mandible

 Perpendicular plate  Base of mandible

 Nasal surface  Mental protuberance

 Maxillary surface  Mental tubercle

 Sphenopalatine notch  Mental foramen

 Greater palatine groove  Oblique line

 Pyramidal process  Digastric fossa

 Lesser palatine canals  Superior mental spine

 Conchal crest  Inferior mental spine

 Ethmoidal crest  Mylohyoid line

 Orbital process  Sublingual fossa

 Sphenoidal crest  Submandibular fossa

 Horizontal plate  Alveolar part

 Nasal surface  Alveolar arch

 Palatine surface  Dental alveoli

 Lesser palatine foramina  Interalveolar septa

 Posterior nasal spine  Interradicular septa

 Nasal crest  Alveolar yokes

 Palatine cres  Retromolar triangle

 VOMER  Retromolar fossa

 Ala of vomer  Ramus of mandible

 Vomerine groove  Angle of mandible

 Vomerine crest of choana  Mandibular foramen

 Cuneiform part of vomer  Lingula

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 Mandibular canal  Internal table
 Mylohyoid groove  Groove for superior sagittal sinus
 Coronoid process  Cranial base
 Temporal crest  Internal surface of cranial base
 Mandibular notch  Anterior cranial fossa
 Condylar process  Middle cranial fossa
 Head of mandible  Posterior cranial fossa
 Neck of mandible  Clivus
 Pterygoid fovea  Groove for inferior petrosal sinus
HYOID BONE  External surface of cranial base
 Body of hyoid bone  Jugular foramen
 Lesser horn  Foramen lacerum
 Greater horn  Greater palatine canal
 Greater palatine foramen
CRANIUM  Incisive fossa
 Facial aspect  Incisive canal
 Superior aspect  Incisive foramen
 Occipital aspect  Stylomastoid foramen
 Lateral aspect  Carotid canal
 Inferior aspect TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
 Neurocranium  Mandibular fossa
 Viscerocranium  Articular tubercle
 Cranial cavity  Head of mandible
 Bregma  Articular disc
 Lambda  Temporomandibular ligament
 Pterion  Sphenomandibular ligament
 Asterion  Stylomandibular ligament
 Gonion  Superficial temporal artery
 Temporal fossa  Maxillary artery
 Zygomatic arch  Auriculotemporal artery
 Infratemporal fossa  Masseteric nevre
 Pterygopalatine fossa  Muscles of mastication (Masticatory
 Pterygomaxillary fissure muscles)
 Fontanelles:  Masseter
 Anterior fontanelle  Temporalis
 Posterior fontanelle  Lateral pterygoid
 Sphenoidal fontanelle  Medial pterygoid
 Mastoid fontanelle
MUSCLES OF BACK
 Calvaria
Middle layer
 Vertex
 Serratus posterior superior muscle
 External table
 Serratus posterior inferior muscle
 Diploe
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Deep layer SUBOCCIPITAL TRIANGLE
 Fascia thoracolumbalis  Rectus capitis posterior major muscle
 Superficial group:  Obliquus capitis inferior muscle
 Splenius capitis muscle  Obliquus capitis superior muscle
 Splenius cervicis muscle  Posterior arch of first cervical vertebra

 Middle group:  Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

 Semispinalis capitis muscle

Erector Spinae  Longissimus capitis muscle

 Iliocostalis muscle  Vertebral artery

 Iliocostalis lumborum muscle  Suboccipital nerve

 Iliocostalis thoracis muscle

 Iliocostalis cervicis muscle SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES OF FACE
Scalp
 Longissimus muscle  Skin
 Connective tissue
 Longissimus thoracis muscle
 Aponeurosis
 Longissimus cervicis muscle  Loose areolar tissue
 Pericranium
 Longissimus capitis muscle
Epicranius
 Spinalis muscle  Occipitofrontalis m.
 Frontal belly
 Spinalis thoracis muscle
 Occipital belly
 Spinalis cervicis muscle  Temporoparietalis m.
 Spinalis capitis muscle Muscles of Facial Expression
Muscles of the mouth
Deep group:  Depressor labii inferioris
 Depressor anguli oris
 Mentalis
Transversospinales
 Levator labii superioris
 Semispinalis muscle  Levator anguli oris
 Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
 Semispinalis thoracis muscle
 Zygomaticus major
 Semispinalis cervicis muscle  Zygomaticus minor
 Risorius
 Semispinalis capitis muscle
 Buccinator
 Multifidi  Orbicularis oris
Muscles of the palpebral fissure and nose
 Rotatores
 Nasalis
 Rotatores cervicis muscle  Tranverse part
 Alar part
 Rotatores thoracis muscle
 Procerus
 Rotatores lumborum muscle  Depressor septi nasi
 Orbicularis oculi
 Interspinales
 Orbital part
 Intertransversarii  Palpebral part
 Lacrimal part
 Levatores costarum
 Depressor supercilii
 Corrugator supercilii
Nerves
SUBOCCIPITAL REGION
 Facial n.
 Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Arteries
 Submental a.
 Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
 Inferior labial a.
 Obliqus capitis inferior muscle  Angular a.
 Buccal a.
 Obliqus capitis superior muscle
 Infraorbital a.
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 Supraorbital a.  Tibialis anterior
 Transverse facial a.
 Extensor digitorum longus
Veins
 Supraorbital v.  Peroneus tertius
 Supratrochlear v.
 Extensor hallucis longus
 Superior labial v.
 Inferior labial v.
 Submental v. LATERAL REGION OF LEG
 Maxillary v.
 Superficial temporal v. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
 Facial v. NERVES
 Retromandibular v.
 Posterior auricular v.  Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
 External jugular v.  Superficial peroneal nerve; Superficial
Muscles of Mastication
 Masseter fibular nerve
 Temporalis
 Lateral pterygoid
DEEP FASCIA
 Medial pterygoid
 Superior fibular retinaculum; superior
ANTERIOR REGION OF LEG
peroneal retinaculum
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
 Inferior fibular retinaculum; Inferior
NERVES
peroneal retinaculum
 Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
 Superficial peroneal nerve; superficial ARTERIES
fibular nerve
 Fibular artery; Peroneal artery
 Saphenous nerve
 Perforating branches
 Communicating branches
DEEP FASCIA
 Fibular nutrient artery
 Deep fascia of leg
 Lateral malleolar branches
 Anterior intermuscular septum of leg
 Calcaneal branches
 Posterior intermuscular septum of leg
VEINS
 Superior extensor retinaculum
 Peroneal veins; Fibular veins
 Inferior extensor retinaculum
NERVES
 Superficial peroneal nerve; Superficial
ARTERIES
fibular nerve
 Anterior tibial artery
MUSCLES
 Anterior tibial recurrent artery
 Peroneus longus ; Fibularis longus
 Posterior tibial recurrent artery
 Peroneus brevis ; Fibularis brevis
 Anterior lateral malleolar artery POSTERIOR REGION OF LEG
 Anterior medial malleolar artery SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
VEINS
VEINS  Small saphenous vein; Short saphenous
 Anterior tibial veins vein
NERVES
NERVES  Medial;
 Deep peroneal nerve; Deep fibular nerve  Saphenous nerve
 Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh;
MUSCLES Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
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 Lateral;  Vv. Maxillares (Maxillary veins)
 Lateral sural cutaneous nerve  Plexus pterygoideus (Pterygoid plexus)
 Sural communicating branch  Ganglion oticum (Otic ganglion)
 Sural nerve  N. mandibularis: (Mandibular nerve)
DEEP FASCIA  N.spinosus (Spinous nerve)
 Transverse intermuscular septum of leg  N.pterygoideus medialis (Medial pterygoid
ARTERIES nerve)
 Posterior tibial artery  N.buccalis (Buccal nerve)
 Medial plantar artery  N. massetericus (Masseteric nerve)
 Lateral plantar artery  Nn.temporalis profundi (Deep temporal
 Fibular artery; Peroneal artery nerves)
 Circumflex fibular branch; Circumflex  N.pterygoideus lateralis (nerve to lateral
peroneal branch pterygoid)
 Medial malleolar branches  N.auriculotemporalis (auriculotemporal
 Calcaneal branches nerve)

 Tibial nutrient artery  N.lingualis (Lingual nerve)

VEINS  N.alveolaris inferior (Inferior alveolar
 Fibular veins; Peroneal veins nerve)

 Communicating branches  A.maxillaris (Maxillary artery)

NERVES  A.auricularis profunda (deep auricular

 Tibial nerves artery)

 Sural nerve  A.tympanica anterior (Anterior tympanic

MUSCLES artery)

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES  A.meningea media (Middle meningeal

 Gastrocnemius artery)

 Soleus  A.alveolaris inferior (Inferior alveolar

 Plantaris artery)

DEEP MUSCLES  A.temporalis profunda anterior (anterior

 Popliteus deep temporal artery)

 A.temporalis profunda anterior (Posterior
 Flexor digitorum longus
deep temporal artery)
 Flexor hallucis longus
 rr.pterygoidei (Pterygoid braches)
 Tibialis posterior
 A.masseterica (Masseteric artery)
 A.buccalis (Buccal artery)
FOSSA INFRATEMPORALIS (Infratemporal
fossa)  Plexus pterygoideus (Pterygoid branch)
 Fissura pterygomaxillaris (Pterygomaxillar
 Vv.maxillares (Maxillary veins)
fissure)
 Vv.temporales superficiales (Superficial
 Fossa temporalis (Temporal fossa)
temporal veins)
 M. pterygoideus medialis (Medial
 V.retromandibularis (Retromandibular
pterygoid)
vein)
 M. pterygoideus lateralis (Lateral
 Ganglion oticum (Otic ganglion)
pterygoid)
FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA
 maxillaris (Maxillar artery)

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 Foramen rotundum (Foramen rotundum)
 Fissura orbitalis inferior (Inferior orbital
fissure)
 Foramen sphenopalatinum
(Sphenopalatine foramen)
 Fissura pterygomaxillaris (Pterygomaxillary
fissure)
 Arteria maxillaris(pars pterygopalatina)
(Maxillary artery)
 A.alveolaris superior posterior ( Posterior
superior alveolar artery)
 A.infraorbitalis (Infra-orbital artery)
 A.palatina descendens (Descending
palatine artery)
 A.palatina majör (Greater palatine artery)
 Aa.palatinae minores (Lesser palatine
arteries)
 A.canalis pterygoidei (Artery of pterygoid
canal)
 Ramus pharyngeus (Pharyngeal brach)
 A.sphenopalatina (Sphenopalatine artery)
 Aa.nasales posteriores laterales (Posterior
lateral nasal arteries)
 Rr. septales posteriores (Posterior septal
branches)
 N.maxillaris (Maxillary nerve)
 Ramus meningeus (Meningeal branch)
 Nn.pterygopalatinae(rr.ganglionici)
(Pterygopalatine nerves) (??)
 Rami alveolares superiores posteriores
(Posterior superior alveolar branch)
 N.zygomaticus (Zygomatic nerve)
 Ganglion pterygopalatinum
(Pterygopalatine ganglion)