Lecture-7.
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Operacions Aeroportuàries II
2º Grado en Gestión Aeronáutica
Escuela de Ingeniería
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
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Lecture 7
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Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM)
WHY DO WE NEED A-CDM?
The goal of A-CDM is to improve operational efficiency of all involved stakeholders
(Airline operators, Ground handling agencies, Airport authorities and ATC).
We need A-CDM to avoid:
- Lack of common vocabulary and definitions.
- Lack of Information sharing.
- Disconnected strategies and working in isolation
In CDM Airports, the stakeholders work collaboratively
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WHAT IS A-CDM?
It is a system based on EUROCONTROL initiative.
A-CDM-driven platform collects and shares the latest available information about the
progress of the flight such as the target off-block time (TOBT), taxi-times, take-off-times
(TOTs), standard instrument departures (SIDs), aircraft types, registrations, etc.
CDM airports provide the following locally available data to Network Manager
Operations Center (NMOC):
- Variable Taxi-Time (VTT)
- A Target Take Off Time (TTOT) based upon:
- Target off-block time.
- Target start-up approval time.
- Actual off-block event.
- The selected SID
The information is shared with NMOC using Departure Planning Information messages.
A-CDM is integrated with other systems:
- Electronic flight strip system.
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- Aircraft schedule system.
- Arrival and departure management systems.
- Air Traffic Flow Management System (AFTM).
- Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (ASMGCS).
Key elements of A-CDM
- Information Sharing à defines the exchange of time information between A-CDM
partners in order to achieve common situational awareness to improve traffic
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predictability. Is the core element of A-CDM basically this means the availability of
same information for all of the stakeholders that are involved in the A-CDM process.
- Milestones Approach à Is closely related to information sharing. Describes progress
of a flight from the initial planning to the take-off. This approach introduces the
concept of milestones. Milestones approach is used for monitoring of a significant
events to the flight.
- Variable taxi time à Is very important to the predictability of take-off times specially
at completes airports, it means that the taxi times are not fixed, it depends at the
actual situation of the airport. Its different flight to flight.
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- Collaborative pre-departure sequencing à It’s the sequence which airplanes are
planted to depart from their stands taking into account the preference of
stakeholders. The goal is to enhance flexibility and increase punctuality.
- Collaborative management of flight updates à It consists of exchanging flight update
messages (FUM) and departure planning information (DPI) messages between the
network manager and the CDM airport. This messages are used to provide estimates
for arriving flights to CDM airports to improve the slot management for departing
flights.
What kind of information is shared between stakeholders?
- Aeronautical data à information resulting from assembly analysis and formatting of
aeronautical data.
- Aircraft route in 4D à The detailed route of the aircraft in 4D. The fourth dimension
is the time component.
- Airport status à information of the status of the airport, runways, taxiways, gate and
aircraft turnaround information.
- Meteorological conditions à basically information of earth atmosphere
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Who shares that?
- Air Navigation Service providers à are responsible for providing information about
estimate of arrival time, departure time and also responsible for providing information
of runways in use and capacity.
- Airport operators à information on stand an gate location, runways viability, special
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events…
- Ground Handling operators à information about changes in turnaround times,
update of target of block-time…
- Aircraft operators (airlines) à responsible for sharing information about flight plans,
aircraft type, priority of flights…
How the information sharing is implemented using milestones approach?
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Red star – milestone
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How pre-departure sequencing is implemented?
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TOBT: Target Off-Block Time
Target time at which all processes related to the aircraft must be finished. Based on
TOBT de departure time is sequenced.
- Communication of TOBT – The airline company or handling company updates de TOBT
using regular channels if the time that aircraft will be ready to leave change. Then
pilots should be sure that the aircraft is ready to depart at the TOBT +/- 5 minutes.
TOBT should be updated to the accuracy of +/- 5 minutes.
- Confirmation of TOBT – It should pass different validations criteria, they all multiple.
For example TOBT could not be earlier than the calculated on block-time, the accuracy
of the time…
TSAT: Target Startup Approval Time
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The goal of TSAT is to define the time when the aircraft leaves the stand.
- Communication of TSAT – The factor that may cause the revision of TSAT include for
example the change in runways, in taxi way or revise the updates of TOBT. Pilots are
notified of TSAT. It is calculated from TBOT – 30/40 minutes aprox. Is obtained based
on confirmed TOBT
- Allocation of TSAT –
Pre-Departure Sequencing
The first arrived the first served.
In ACDM, Best planned best served, based on tobt.
Key abbreviations:
- EXOT: exit slot, the time it takes the aircraft to go from the parking to the taxiway.
- TTOT: Target take-off time
- TOBT: Target off-block time
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Benefits of A-CDM
Improved predictability of air transport operations.
- Air operator – Improved use of stands/gates leads to fewer late stand changes. More
stable traffic flows and reduced taxi times make for fewer queues on runways and less
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congestion on the apron or taxiways.
- Airline operator – Enhanced awareness of the status and location of aircraft due to
more accurate aircraft arrival times as well improved departure sequence
information. Decreased fuel burn due to better managed queues at runway.
- Air traffic control – Improved runway and capacity planning. More accurate take-off
time predictions helping the Network Manager make more precise calculations of
network demand. Better ATFM slot allocation, improved compliance and a reduced
number of missed slots.
- Ground handling agent – More accurate in-block times for arrivals, as from knowing
the exact time departing aircraft have given start-up clearance. More accurate
planning and a more efficient use of resources.
Example of benefits for ground handlers (Scenario 2):
- Scenario 1: Gate & stand Re-Assignment in Non-CDM airports.
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Scenario 2: Gate & stand Re-Assignment in CDM airports.
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