Microscope
One of the most important
tools used to study living
things.
“Micro” means very small
“Scope” means to look at
Types of microscope
1. Electron microscop
2. Light microscope
3. X-ray Microscope
4. Scanning Helium Ion Microscope (SHIM or
HeIM):
5. Scanning acoustic microscope (SAM):
6. Neutron Microscope
7. Scanning Probe Microscopes:
Light microscope
• Used white light of the sun or use the tungsten lamp
Basic Microscope Parts
1. Base
2. Light source
3. Diaphragm
4. Stage
5. Stage clips
6. Low power
7. High power
8. Nosepiece
9. Arm
10. Fine Focus
11. Body Tube
12. Course Focus
13. Eyepiece
• The microscope used to produce an enlarged and well defined images of
objects too small to be observed with the naked eye.
• The degree of enlargement is called magnification power of the microscope
and its expressed as the number of times the length or the diameter of the
object is multiplied
Component of microscope
1. The supporting system
A. The foot ( base)
B. The limb ( arm)
C. The revolving nose piece
D. Stage
E. Mechanical stage
Introducing the Arm and Base
Arm
Supports the body tube. Used
to carry the microscope.
Base
Bottom part of the microscope
often shaped like a horseshoe.
Stage and Stage Clips
Stage
Place where the object
you are looking at is
placed (Specimen).
Stage Clips
Holds down the slide
on the stage.
Nosepiece
The NOSEPIECE is
the round part that
holds the OBJECTIVE
LENSES apart.
2. The magnification system: which consist from
the lenses ( 2 types) which are
A. Eye piece ( ocular lens ): the user applies his
eye on it and its made from upper eye lens and
lower field lens.
Magnification power magnification
4X 4 times
6x 6 times
10 x 10 times
Eyepiece (Ocular Lens) and Body
Tube
Eyepiece
The lens you look through that
magnifies the specimen.
Body Tube
The hollow tube through which
light passes. It holds the lenses
apart.
B. Objective lens: They are just above the prepared
object (slide) under examination.
Each objective lens has specific magnification power
which engraved on the lens
total magnification = obj. lens multiply by ocular
lens
lenses Magnification power Total magnification
4x 4 times 40 times
10x 10 times 100 times
40x 40 times 400 times
100x oil 100 times 1000 time
Low Power/High Power
Objective Lenses
Low Power Objective
Magnifies the specimen at a
lower power 4x and 10x
High Power Objective
Magnifies the specimen at a
Higher power 40x and 100x
3. The illumination system
A. Light source : electric light provide by a
lamb
B. The condenser : located between the
mirror and the stage , its function to
brings the rays of light into a common
focus on the object to be examined
C. The diaphragm : used to increase or
decrease the amount of light by reducing
or increasing the angle
Diaphragm and
Light Source
Diaphragm
Changes the amount of light
reaching the objective lenses.
Located under the Stage.
Light Source
Located beneath the Stage
and Diaphragm. Sends light
towards the hole in the stage.
4. The adjustment system
A. The coarse adjustment used to achieve
an approximate focus
B. Fine adjustment used to bring object in
to perfect focus
C. The mechanical stage : its controlled by
two screw , one to move backward or
forward , the other to move left and right
Course and Fine Focus
Course Focus
Raises or lowers the Body
Tube to focus
Fine Focus
Raises and lowers the
Body Tube and used to
bring objects into focus.
Microscope Examples
