GENDER AND SOCIETY – GE 23

( GROUP 2) LESSON 4 – LGBTQH

“Rainbow Community”

Introduction (BAYARAS)

If you are familiar with rainbow community, you might be able to say that now
days they are slowly being recognize and accepted by some of the people all over the
world. But who are they? Why is that a number of us recognizing them and some are
not? Is there an issue about them? These are some of the questions which a few of us
might be curious about.

In this lesson, you will learn the following important studying the History of
LGBTQ and the impact of this movement. At the same time, be able to know the
difference among this rainbow community and understand how a particular legislation
affect the society.
Andrew Burwick et al., Identifying and Serving LGBTQ Youth: Case Studies of
Runaway and Homeless Youth Program Grantees, Mathematica Pol’y Research
(2014),

http://www.aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/14/lgbt-rhy/rpt_LGBTQ_RHY.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HL3Hq5UwOnM
I. HISTORY & IMPACT OF THE MOVEMENT

1940s -1950s
Targeting of Businesses: the closing of gay bars and
businesses that promoted social gathering of the gay
community
Anti-gay partner laws: sodomy laws
Employment Rights infringement
Black List: sparked a conservative mindset that
promoted fear and aggression towards norm deviations
\
FBI moral perversion investigation: invasion of
privacy and harassment

Federal employment restrictions: Eisenhower dismisses

“sexually perverse” federal employees

Kinsey Reports: begins open discussion about human

sexuality and begins to fight stereotypes including homosexuality.

1960s
Jose Sarria: Runs for San Francisco city
supervisor
Stonewall Riot: spurs a more forceful stand
against discrimination

1970s
APA removes homosexuality from mental illness
definitions: begins a change in stereotypes among
healthcare professionals
Anita Bryant protest: Florida Orange Juice
spokes person fights against gay liberation on the side
of moral preservation
Florida bans gay adoption

1980s
First report of AIDS: starts a national fear that
points to gay lifestyle as the catalyst. Turns gay
community in to a leper community.
AIDS quilt project: brings the effects and
importance of AIDS to public view. This helps increase
public awareness as well as pushes for government
funding and aid.
ACT UP group formed: Fights the
misconceptions regarding AIDS and fights for AIDS
prevention as well as government funded research.

1990s
Los Angeles riots
American Medical Association: opposes
treatment of homosexuality as it is not seen as needing
a “cure”

Employment Non-Discrimination Act defeated in US

Senate
The Rainbow Community

It is a name for the LGBTQ + community that safely includes everyone, even if your
particular letter has yet to be added.

There's a large rainbow community in San Francisco.

by Delegate Mark July 03, 2017

(PILAR)
II. SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Sexual Orientation Although we can choose whether to act on our feelings,
psychologists do not consider sexual orientation to be a conscious choice that can be
voluntarily changed.
Web Article (July 2011) From <https://www.apa.org/search.aspx?query=sexual
%20orientation>
Sexual Orientation
 Lesbian
 Gay
 Bisexual
 Heterosexual
 Homophobia
 Biphobia
 Heterosexism
Gender Identity
 Transgender
 Cisgender
 Cisgenderism
 Transphobia

Definitions: Sexual Orientation

1. Lesbian: Females who are intimately, emotionally and / or sexually attracted to

someone of the same sex
2. Gay Male: Males who are intimately, emotionally and / or sexually attracted to
someone of the same sex. Some Lesbians identify as “Gay”
3. Bisexual: People who are intimately, emotionally and / or sexually attracted to
people of both sexes
4. Heterosexual: People who are intimately, emotionally and / or sexually
attracted to someone of the opposite sex
5. Homophobia: Irrational fear and hatred of people who identify as Lesbian or
Gay, or are perceived to be Lesbian or Gay.
 Can include; emotional, verbal and physical abuse. In some cases can result in
violence and death (i.e. “hate crime”)
6. Biphobia: Irrational fear and hatred of bisexual people

7. Heterosexism: Assumption everyone is Heterosexual (also “heteronormativity”)

(HERMIDA)
Definitions: Gender Identity

1. Trans (Transgender): an umbrella term for people whose gender identity and /
or gender expression diverges in some way from the sex they were assigned at
birth
Transgender community prefers the abbreviated term ‘Trans’
2. Cisgender: term for people whose gender identity and / or gender expression
is the same as the sex they were assigned at birth.
3. Cisgenderism: is a prejudice similar to heterosexism, racism and sexism. It
denies, ignores, denigrates, or stigmatises non-cisgender forms of expression,
sexual activity, behavior, relationship, or community.
4. Transphobia: Irrational fear and hatred of Trans (Transgender) people.

III. LEGISLATION: SEXUAL ORIENTATION

Sexual Orientation and Human Rights

Sexual orientation is an enduring emotional, romantic, sexual or affectional

attraction to another person. It can be distinguished from other aspects of sexuality
including biological sex, gender identity (the psychological sense of being male or
female) and the social gender role (adherence to cultural norms for feminine and
masculine behavior).
Sexual orientation is a relatively recent notion in human rights law and practice
and one of the controversial ones in politics. Prejudices, negative stereotypes and
discrimination are deeply imbedded in our value system and patterns of behaviour. For
many public officials and opinion-makers the expression of homophobic prejudice
remains both legitimate and respectable - in a manner that would be unacceptable for
any other minority.

Sexual Orientation and Human Rights. (2020). Retrieved 13 July 2020, from
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/edumat/studyguid
(MANALASAN)

1954 – Over 1000 men were in prison for “homosexual acts”

1967 – Sexual Offences Act - partial decriminalisation of homosexuality

1989 – Section 28 of the Local Government Act (1989). The law made it illegal for a
Local Authority to: “intentionally promote homosexuality or promote the teaching in
schools of the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretend family relationship”

1994 – Sexual Offences Amendment Act – age of consent for gay men reduced from
age 21 to 18

1999 – Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regulations. Trans people protected

in employment and vocational training

2000 – British Government lifts ban on Lesbian & Gay people serving in the Armed
Forces

2001 – Age of consent equalised for gay men

2002 – Equal rights granted to same-sex couples applying for adoption

2003 - Repeal of Section 28 of the Local Government Act 1989

2003 - Sexual Orientation Regulations providing protection in employment and

vocational training

2003 – Criminal Justice Act tougher sentences for hate crime, motivated by hatred on
grounds of gender identity and/or sexual orientation

2004 – Gender Recognition Act

Trans people are able to obtain a 'Gender Recognition Certificate' which enables them
to get a new birth certificate of their chosen gender identity

2005 – Civil Partnerships Act

2006 – Goods & Services – From April 2007 – Made it unlawful for providers of goods
and services, and public authorities, to discriminate on the grounds of sexual orientation

2014 – Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act becomes law in England and Wales
(TUYAY)

Some Facts

- Homosexuals are subject to the death penalty in twelve countries in the world

- In about 30 countries or provinces lesbians, gays and bisexuals are subject to a

discriminatory age of consent

- In more than 40 states around the world same sex acts are illegal

- In about 15 countries or provinces the free association and free expression of

lesbians, gays and bisexuals are denied explicitly through legal provisions

- About 30 countries have some form of protection against discrimination based on

sexual orientation

- Some form of recognition of same sex partnership exits in 10 countries

Source: The International Lesbian and Gay Association website (May 2002)
References:

Dionisio, Eleanor, More Alike than Different, National Commission on the Role of Filipino
Women
Mananzan, Sr. Mary John, The Woman Question in the Philippines, Institute of Women’s
Studies, 1997

Sexual Orientation and Human Rights. (2020). Retrieved 13 July 2020, from
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/edumat/studyguid

Thinking About Women: Sociological Perspectives on Sex and Gender, 8th

edition edited by Margaret L. Andersen and Dana Hysock. (2020). Retrieved 13 July
2020, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10

Urban Dictionary: rainbow community. (2020). Retrieved 13 July 2020, from

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=rainbow%20community