Unit 6.

ENDANGERED SPECIES
PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY
• biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): đa dạng sinh học
• conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ (n): sự bảo tồn
conservation status /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn ˈsteɪtəs/: tình trạng bảo tồn
• endangered species /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd ˈspiːʃiːz/: chủng loài có nguy cơ bị tuyệt chủng
• evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ (n): sự tiến hóa
• extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ (a): tuyệt chủng
extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): sự tuyệt chủng
• habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n): môi trường sống
• poach /pəʊtʃ/ (v): săn trộm
• rhino / rhinoceros /raɪˈnɒsərəs/ (n): hà mã
• sea turtle /siː ˈtɜːtl/ (n): con rùa biển
• survive /səˈvaɪv/ (v): sống sót
survival /səˈvaɪvl/ (n): sự sống sót
• trade /treɪd/ (n): mua bán
• vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ (a): dễ bị tổn thương, dễ gặp nguy hiểm
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
1. FUTURE PERFECT (TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH)
a. Form:
(+) S + will/shall + have + Vp2 + O
(-) S + will/shall + not + have + Vp2 + O
(?) Will/shall (not) +S+ have + Vp2 + O?
b. Uses (Cách sử dụng)
• Một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong tương lai.
Ex: They shalln’t have returned the book before they go home.
• Một hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.
Ex: She will have finished her English course by the end of this month.
c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết): When, Before, By the (this) N + Next .......
PART 2: PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern.
1. A. commercial B. habitat C. approach D. impressive
2. A. descend B. explore C. profession D. altitude
3. A. curriculum B. parabolic C. ecology D. authority
4. A. astronomic B. emergency C. experiment D. collaborate
5. A. biodiversity B. evolutionary C. ecologically D. biologically
6. A. simulated B. environment C. missionary D. spacewalk
7. A. observatory B. historical C. activity D. vulnerable
8. A. endangered B. surface C. survival D. extinction
9. A. discovery B. survival C. vulnerable D. traditional
10. A. deforestation B. conservationist C. trainee D. biological
II. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. teach B. dead C. reach D. team
2. A. campaign B. horn C. rhino D. extinct
3. A. call B. curtain C. contain D. city
4. A. enclosure B. conservation C. species D. nest
5. A. your B. four C. court D. hour
6. A. nesting B. shellfish C. reserve D. elephant
7. A. door B. mood C. shoot D. hood
8. A. endangered B. evolution C. extinct D. extinguish
9. A. sun B. sure C. seen D. sort
10. A. habitat B. dragon C. mammal D. danger
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Put the verb in the future perfect tense.
1. We (not/eat) __________________________ before we come, so we'll be hungry.
2. ________________________ (we/arrive) ________________________ by the time it gets dark?
3. He (not/complete) __________________________ the project by July.
4. I (not/finish) ________________________ the essay by the weekend.
5. Why (she/finish) ___________________________ the cleaning by six?
6. They (not/go) ________________________ by 9 tomorrow.
7. By this time next year we (marry) ________________________ for 30 years.
8. If all goes well, by June 2012 I (finish) ________________________ my university degree.
9. ________________________ she (get) ________________________ her passport by then?
10. By the time I start my shift, Dr. Frazier (wait) ________________________ for 18 hours straight.
II. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits
suitably in the blank.
1. We now realize that it is important to maintain the planet's _____________________, which is the richness of
animal and plant life. DIVERSITY
2. A _____________________ is any natural region where wildlife lives undisturbed, for example, forests, ponds,
marshes or deserts. HABITION
3. Take _____________________ actions in your community. CONSERVE
4. Officials said there were no _____________________ of the plane crash. SURVIVE
5. Logging, oil and gas drilling, over-grazing and development all result in habitat _____________________.
DESTROY
6. The more species disappear, the more entire-systems become _____________________. VULNERABLY
7. _____________________ are killing rhinos because of their horns. POACHING
8. Although conservation groups are working to _____________________ wildlife, natural habitats are still being
destroyed. PROTECTION
9. Due to poaching and civil war, the ____________________ of gorillas drops sharply. POPULARITY
10. The dodo very quickly declined in numbers, and it was _____________________ by 1681. EXTINCTION
III. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences.
1. The movie was (interesting) _____________________ than the one on TV.
2. We've got (little) ______________________ time than I thought.
3. This shirt is too small. I need a (large) _____________________ one.
4. Lan is (clever) ______________________ and (pretty) _____________________ than Lien.
5. She is (nice) _____________________ than I expected.
6. This was the (big) _____________________ farm I've ever visited.
7. Who between the two workers is the (good) _____________________?
8. This old machine is (powerful) ________________________ than we thought.
9. The farmers have never had a (rich) _____________________ harvest than that.
10. Which is (difficult) _____________________ English or Math?
11. It is the (expensive) _____________________ of the two cars.
12. Which is the (expensive) _____________________ of these two coats?
IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Hundreds of thousands of elephants were illegally poached and their tusks sold for profits.
A. conserved B. preserved C. captured D. hunted
2. When the forest disappears, so too will Indonesia's rich biological diversity be effected and disappear forever.
A. variety B. direction C. similarity D. closeness
3. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient attention to and investment in its conservation.
A. protest B. protection C. production D. induction
A Baby sea turtles are the most vulnerable when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.
A. well-protected B. immune C. susceptible D. shielded
5. The number of amphibians on our planet is declining rapidly in both local mass extinction and population
crashes.
A. reservation B. protection C. threat D. disappearance
6. Saving endangered species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our children.
A. resistant B. dangerous C. threatened D. preserved
7. The domestic dog is thought to have evolved from the wolf.
A. resolved B. involved C. revolted D. developed
8. The main threat to the survival of these creatures come from heir loss of habitat.
A. usual behaviour B. favourite activity C. place of living D. rituals
9. They are too rare and valuable a bird to be hawked about with the rest of your menagerie.
A. in small numbers B. real C. half-cock D. not done properly
10. He looks after the land as a private reserve for wildlife habitat, running marsupials and their predators instead
of cows.
A. money reserve B. booking reservation C. a protected area D. an emergency fund
V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. Dinosaurs were unable to survive severe ice age weather conditions.
A. remain alive B. persist C. get through D. lose their lives
2. At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage that his company has caused to the
environment. A. benefit B. destruction C. devastation D. extinction
3. Severe weather conditions can also reduce population numbers because animals tend to have fewer
offspring. A. alarming B. grave C. dreadful D. mild
4. The dunes harbor a number of freshwater lakes abundant in wildlife.
A. plentiful B. lavish C. bountiful D. scarce
5. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area.
A. prevented from entering B. prevented from destroying
C. allowed to enter D. allowed to take photos
6. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century.
A. come in B. run short C. run away D. remain intact
7. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing.
A. keep secret B. find C. share D. arrive at
8. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in.
A. participate B. leave C. take part D. enjoy
9. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians.
A. cut up B. put up C. continue D. use up
10. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin.
A. mess up B. clear away C. tidy D. clean off
VI. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. ____ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their
environment
A. Biology B. Biological C. Biologist D. Biologically
2. A/ an ____ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangered D. endangerment
3. Besides, several programmes should be ____ that spreads the world of the conservation of the elephants in the
public.
A. told B. used C. operated D. introduced
4. Cheetah's tail is ____ during fast running, because it balances the animal and allows fast and sudden turns
which happen often when the prey tries to escape.
A. essential B. basic C. adequate D. sufficient
5. People should be told about the things that threaten the safety of ____ so that they can avoid doing them.
A. the wild B. wildness C. wild life D. wildlife
6. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.
A. destruction B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety
7. The more you talk about the situation, ____.
A. it seems worse B. the worse it seems C. the worse does it seem D. it seems the worse
8. ____ the Sun is, ____ the shadow is.
A. The higher / the low B. The more high/ the more low
C. The higher / the lower D. The more higher / the more lower
9. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken.
A. vanishing B. damaging C. polluting D. destroying
10. By December next year, we ____ in this house for twenty years.
A. will have lived B. have lived C. will live D. had live
11. ____ it is, ____ miserable I feel.
A. The hotter / more B. The hotter / the more
C. The more hotter / the more D. The more hot / the more
12. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient ____ to and investment in its conservation.
A. interest B. attention C. care D. treatment
13. The better the weather is, ____.
A. the beaches get the more crowded B. the beaches get the most crowded
C. the most crowded the beaches get D. the more crowded the beaches get
14. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
A. organization B. contamination C. protection D. damage
15. Species become extinct or endangered for ____ number of reasons, but ____ primary cause is the destruction
of habitat by human activities.
A. Ø/ a B. a/ the C. the/ a D. Ø/ Ø
16. I think I ____ my door key. I can't find it anywhere.
A. will have lost B. am losing C. have lost D. will lose
17. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal ____.
A. protect B. protection C. protective D. protector
18. Probability of extinction depends ____ both the population size and fine details of the population
demography.
A. on B. in C. from D. for
19. Many modern medicines are derived ____ plants and animals.
A. on B. for C. from D. in
20. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the ____ of extinction.
A. wall B. fence C. verge D. bridge
21. Saving ____ species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our children.
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangering D. endangered
22. The more she practices, ____ she becomes.
 A. the greater confidence B. more confidently C. the more confident D. the most confident
23. The older you are, ____.
A. the more you may become worried B. the more worried you may become
C. the more worry you may become D. you may become more worried
24. Mr. Edwards ____ history for 35 years, and is retiring soon.
A. teaches B. will have taught C. taught D. has been teaching
25. It is high time we had to ____ some measures to protect endangered animals.
A. take B. bring C. hold D. use
26. Many ____ groups now support putting a value on ecosystems.
A. conserve B. conservative C. endangering D. endangered
27.15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered ____ risk ____ extinction.
A. at / of B. on / in C. for / with D. in / at
28. Internationally, 189 countries have signed ____ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action Plans to protect
endangered and other threatened species.
A. а B. an C. the D. Ø
29. I'm tired. I ____ the house since 9 this morning.
A. am cleaning B. will have cleaned C. had been cleaning D. have been cleaning
30. Clearing forests for timber has resulted ____ the loss of biodiversity
A. with B. at C. in D. for
C. READING
I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international (1) ____ governmental organization for the
(2) ____, research, and restoration of the environment. The organization was (3) ____ as a charitable trust on
September 11, 1961, in Morges, Switzerland, under the name World Wildlife Fund. It was an initiative of Julian
Huxley and Max Nicholson.
It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million (4) ____ worldwide,
working in more (5) ____ 90 countries, supporting 100 conservation and environmental projects around the world.
It is a charity, with (6) ____ 9% of its funding coming from voluntary. (7) ____ by private individuals and
businesses.
The group says its mission is "to halt and reverse the (8) ____ of our environment". Currently, much of its
work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the world's biodiversity: forests, freshwater
ecosystems, and oceans and coasts. Among other issues, it is also concerned (9) ____ endangered species,
pollution, and climate change. The organization (10) ____ more than 20 field projects worldwide. In the last few
years, the organization set up offices and operations around the world.
1. A. non B. not C. no D. nor
2. A. challenge B. keeping C. conservation D. awareness
3. A. produced B. discovered C. used D. formed
4. A. supporters B. residents C. inhabitants D. citizens
5. A. as B. than C. to D. as to
6. A. generally B. individually C. commercially D. approximately
7. A. deposits B. donations C. refunds D. loans
8. A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destroyed
9. A. on B. by C. with D. upon
10. A. goes B. walks C. reaches D. runs
II. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
When the word "endangered" is mentioned, people usually think of particular species, like the panda or
whooping crane. However, we would like to encourage you to think about (1) ____ in a broader context. It is (2)
____, the physical places where species live and interact with one another. Although the development of special
breeding programs, also known as captive conservation, may help some species in some cases, it is clearly not (3)
____ answer to the global problem. Indeed, (4) ____ we are able to protect natural areas where endangered species
actually live, they have no future.
Species become endangered for a wide (5) ____ of reasons. By analyzing and grouping many individual
cases, however, we find the same broad causes (6) ____ again and again. They are Habitat Destruction, Exotic
Species, and Overexploitation. Among other factors threatening particular species are limited: distribution,
disease, and pollution. Limited distributions are often a consequence of other threats: populations confined to one
or a few small areas because of habitat (7) ____, for example, may be disastrously affected by random factors.
Diseases can have severe (8) ____ on species lacking natural genetic protections against particular pathogens, like
the rabies and canine distemper viruses that are currently devastating carnivore populations in East Africa.
Domestic animals are usually the reservoirs of these and other diseases affecting wild (9) ____,
showing once again that human activities lie at the root of most causes of endangerment. Pollution has seriously
done harm (10) ____ number of terrestrial species, although species living in freshwater and marine ecosystems
are also suffering.
1. A. development B. endangerment C. pollution D. contamination
2. A. plants B. conservations C. habitats D. organizations
3. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
4. A. so B. but C. if D. unless
5. A. variety B. commerce C. extinction D. destruction
6. A. expressing B. showing C. disappearing D. appearing
7. A. benefit B. reserve C. loss D. gone
8. A. impact B. interest C. infection D. absorption
9. A. needs B. populations C. natures D. medicines
10. A. to B. for C. with D. at
III. Read the text. Use the information in the story to answer the questions below by choosing the best
answer A, B, C or D.
Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or
have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers,
now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost
entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal
gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction Animals such
as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International
laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet.
Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an
effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animals reserves. They then charge
admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world
organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals.
Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from
endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and
killed.
1. The word "callousness" could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. incompetence B. indirectness C. insensitivity D. independence
2. The previous passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast ____.
A. A comparison and a contrast B. A problem and a solution
C. A statement and an illustration D. Specific and general information
3. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Endangered species B. Problems with industrialization
 C. The Bengal tiger D. International boycotts
4. The word "poachers" could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. Concerned scientists B. Enterprising researchers
C. Illegal hunters D. Trained hunters
5. What does the word "this" refer to in the passage?
A. Bengal tiger B. Interest in material gain
C. Killing animals for personal satisfaction D. The decrease in the Bengal tiger population
6. Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction?
A. Lines 5-7 B. Lines 7-9 C. Lines 10-16 D. Lines 1-3
7. What does the term "international boycott" refer to?
A. A global increase in animal survival B. A refusal to buy animal products worldwide
C. Defraying the cost of maintaining national parks D. Buying and selling of animal products overseas
6. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude?
A. indifferent B. forgiving C. concerned D. surprised
9. Which of the following could best replace the word "allocated"?
A. set aside B. combined C. taken D. organized
10. The word "defray" is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. make a payment on B. make an investment toward
C. raise D. lower
IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10.
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming, Scientists
have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and
birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration
patterns due to warmer temperatures
With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher
elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many
places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or farmland blocking their
way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and
mountainous regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar
bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to
go.
Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated
that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming.
The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and
even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, many not be able to adjust quickly enough and may
disappear.
Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming.
Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to "bleach", a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the
coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching
and death of coral reefs around the world. Also increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and
increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems.
1. The word "fragile" in paragraph 4 most probably means ____.
A. very large B. easily damaged C. rather strong D. pretty hard
2. The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates ____.
A. the water absorption of coral reefs. B. the quick growth of marine mammals.
C. the blooming phase of sea weeds. D. the slow death of coral reefs.
3. The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by ____.
 A. the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the oceans B. the decrease of acidity of the pole
C. the extinction of species in coastal areas D. the lose of acidity in the atmosphere around the oceans
4. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Influence of climate changes on human B. Effects of global warming on animals and
C. Global warming and possible solutions D. Global warming and species
5. Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to ____.
A. die instantly B. bloom earlier C. become lighter D. lose color
6. According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animalist tend to move ____.
A. south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower
B. north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher
C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower
D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher
7. The pronoun "those" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.
A. species B. ecosystems C. habitats D. areas
8. The phrase "dwindling sea ice" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.
A. the frozen water in the Artie. B. the violent Arctic Ocean.
B. the melting ice in the Arctic. D. the cold ice in the Arctic.
9. It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or 3 Celsius degrees____.
A. half of the earth's surface would be B. the sea level would rise by 20
C. water supply would decrease by 50 D. 20 to 50 percent of species could become
10. According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, ____.
A. they may be endangered B. they can begin to develop
C. they will certainly need water. D. they move to tropical forests.
V. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank.
Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the near future because
they have been (1) ____ to such low numbers. Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are found nowhere
else in the world but they are (2) ____ by alien invasive species such as feral goats, pigs, rodents and non- (3)
____ plants.
The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (4) ____ the extinction of the 182 rare Hawaiian
plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (5) ____. Since 1990, (6) ____ a result of their ‘Plant
Extinction Prevention Program’, sixteen species have been brought into (7) ____ and three species have been
reintroduced. Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (8) ____ plants in
the wild.
In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (9) ____ collecting genetic material from
the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future. They also aim to manage wild populations
and where possible reintroduce species into (10) ____.
1. A. disappeared B. reduced C. increased D. developed
2. A. guarded B. invested C. conserved D. threatened
3. A. nation B. native C. national D. nationally
4. A. prevent B. encourage C. stimulate D. influence
5. A. wild B. atmosphere C. hole D. sky
6. A. so B. due C. as D. but
7. A. contamination B. production C. cultivation D. generation
8. A. derive B. vary C. remain D. protect
9. A. at B. for C. with D. on
10. A. shelters B. reserves C. gardens D. halls
VI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
 The peregrine falcon, a predatory bird indigenous to North America, was once in danger of extinction. In
the 1960s, scientists discovered byproducts of the pesticide DDT in the birds' eggs, which caused them to be too
soft to survive. The use of the pesticide had been 5 banned in the United States, but the falcons were eating
migratory birds from other places where DDT was still used. In order to increase the survival rate, scientists were
raising the birds in laboratories and then releasing them into mountainous areas. This practice achieved only
moderate success, however, because many of the birds raised 10 in captivity could not survive in the wild.
There is now, however, a new alternative to releases in the wild. A falcon that has been given the name
Scarlett chose to make her home on a ledge of the 33rd floor of a Baltimore, Maryland, office 15 building rather
than in the wild, and, to the surprise of the scientists, she has managed to live quite well in the city. Following this
example, programs have been initiated that release birds like Scarlett into cities rather than into their natural wild
habitat. These urban releases are becoming a common way to strengthen the species. Urban homes 20 have several
benefits for the birds that wild spots do not. First, there is an abundance of pigeons and small birds as food sources
The peregrine in the city is also protected from its main predator, the great homed owl. Urban release programs
have been very successful in reestablishing the peregrine falcons along the East Coast. Though 25 they are still
an endangered species, their numbers increased from about 60 nesting pairs in 1975 to about 700 pairs in 1992.
In another decade the species may flourish again, this time without human help.
1. As used in paragraph 2, the word "spots" could best be replaced by ____.
A. places B. dilemmas C. jungles D. materials
2. According to the passage, where have the release programs been the most successful?
A. in office buildings B. on the East Coast C. in mountainous areas D. in the wild
3. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. survival of peregrine falcons B. releases into the wild
C. endangered species D. harmful effects of pesticides
4. The word "ledge" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. window B. wall C. terrace D. shelf
5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason why a falcon might choose to live in a city?
A. There are high places to nest. B. There are other falcons nearby
C. There is a lack of predators. D. There is abundant food.
6. In line 1, the phrase "indigenous to" could be best replaced by ____.
A. typical of B. protected by C. adapted to D. native to
7. The word "releases" as used in paragraph 2most probably means ____.
A. internment B. regression C. distribution D. possessions
8. According to the passage, which of the following are the falcon's main predators?
A. pigeons B. rattlesnakes C. owls D. humans
9. The word "byproducts" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. derivatives B. proceeds C. chemicals D. elements
10. Why were the peregrine falcons in danger?
A. because of pesticides used by American farmers
B. because they migrated to countries where their eggs could not survive
C. because they ate birds from other countries where DDT was still used
D. because they were prized by hunters and hunted to near extinction
 Unit 7. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY
• activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/ (v): kích hoạt
• algorithm /ˈælɡərɪðəm/ (n): thuật toán
• artificial intelligence /ˌɑːtɪfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪɡəns/ (n.phr): trí tuệ nhân tạo
• automated /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd/ (a): tự động
• call for /kɔːl fɔː(r)/ (v): kêu gọi
• cyber-attack /ˈsaɪbərətæk/ (n): tấn công mạng
• exterminate /ɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt/ (v): tiêu diệt
• faraway /ˈfɑːrəweɪ/ (a): xa xôi
• hacker /ˈhækə(r)/ (n): tin tặc
• implant /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ (v): cấy ghép
• incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ (a): đáng kinh ngạc
• intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ (n): sự can thiệp
• malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋkʃn/ (n): sự trục trặc
• navigation /ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn/ (n): sự đi lại trên biển hoặc trên không
• overpopulation /ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ (n): sự quá tải dân số
• resurrect /ˌrezəˈrekt/ (v): làm sống lại, phục hồi
• unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl/ (a): khó tin
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
PASSIVE FORM:
S + V + O + (Adv of place) + (adv of time)

S + be + V3/ed + (Adv of place) + by O + (adv of time)

FORM ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple Present S + V(s/es) + O S + am/is/are + V-ed/3 + by O
Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + V-ed/3 + by O
Present Perfect S + have/has + V-ed/3 + O S + have/has + been + V-ed/3 + by O
Simple Past S + V-ed/2 + O S + was/were + V –ed/3 + by O
Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + V –ed/3 + by O
Past Perfect S + had + V-ed/3 + O S + had + been + V-ed/3 + by O
Simple Future S + will + V(bare inf.) + O S + will + be + V-ed/3 + by O
Future Perfect S + will + have+ V-ed/3 + O S + will + have + been + V-ed/3 + by O
S + am/is/are + going to + V(bare inf.) + S + am/is/are + going to be + V-ed/3 + by
Near Future
O O
S + can / could / must / have to / has to . .
S + can / could / must / have to / has to . .
Modal Verbs + be + V-ed/3 + by O
. + V(bare inf.) + O
SPECIAL CASES:
A. Trường hợp đặc biệt thường dùng chung một số động từ như: say, think, believe, report, rumor, consider,
know, report, expect, claim, ….
 Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O
Passive: It + be (theo V1) + V1→ Ved/3 + that + S2+V2+O
S2 + be (theo V1) + V1→ +Ved/3 + to inf (V1=V2 cùng thì hoặc V2 xảy ra sau V1)
+ to have + Ved/3 ( khiV2 xảy ra trước hay lùi thì so với V1)
People say that he is a famous doctor. →It is said that he is a famous doctor
→He is said to be a famous doctor.
People say that he was a famous doctor →It is said that he was a famous doctor
→He is said to have been a famous doctor.
B. Let him wear jeans at work→ He is let wear jeans at work
→He is allowed to wear jeans at work
C. Trường hợp các động từ có hai túc từ: _ send/write/give S.O S.th = send/write/give S.th to S.O
- buy/ make S.O S.th = buy/ make S.th for S.O
I wrote Nancy a letter last week. → Nancy was written a letter last week
→A letter was written to Nancy last week
S + V(see, look at, hear, watch, notice)……+ O +V(bare-inf.) /V+ing→ S + (be) + V3/ed + to-inf. / V+ing
Ex: I saw her go/ going out of the house. → She was seen to go / going out of the house
D. Imperative
Ex: Write your name on this piece of paper→ Let your name be written on this piece of paper
E. S + V (want, like, wish, love...)+ O + to V → passive is formed with the passive infinitive. (to be+P.P)
• Active He wants someone to take photographs.
• Passive He wants photographs to be taken.
F. S + V (advise, insist, recommend, propose, suggest) + Ving + O →passive is expressed by that...should
• Be/ be +P.P.
• Active: He recommended using bullet-proof glass.
• Passive: He recommended that bullet-proof glass (should) be used.
G. S + V (advise/beg/order/recommend/urge) + indirect object + to- infinitive + object →passive is expressed
in two ways: by making the main verb passive or by that...should + be/ be +P.P
• Active: He urged the Council to reduce the rates.
• Passive: The Council was/were urged to reduce the rates
• or He urged that the rates (should) be reduced by Council.
H. S + V (hate, like, dislike, remember) + O + Ving (with object) →passive is formed with the passive
gerund (being+ P. P)
• Active I remember them taking me to the Zoo.
• Passive : I remember being taken to the Zoo.
I. (be) supposed to V = (be) said to + V
• Ex: The man is supposed to have been married before.
J. (be) supposed to V : It conveys an idea of duty.
Ex: You are supposed to know how to drive
II. CAUSATIVE FORM - HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
1. Động từ cầu khiến/ khởi phát: có nghĩa là ai đó làm một việc gì cho chúng ta. Có thể là do việc đó khó, không
thể làm được hay đơn giản là chúng ta không muốn làm việc đó.
have + sth + past participle
a) She's having her house painted.
b) We've had the carpets cleaned.
c) They'll be having their dinner served at half past eight.
d) We've been having our garden remodeled.
2. Nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người/ tác nhân thực hiện hành động này, chúng ta dùng "by + tác nhân":
have + sth + past participle + by...
a) He's having his tattoo done by one of the best experts in the city.
b) Every Saturday we have our car cleaned by a local lad in the village.
c) She had had her nails done before her hair was cut by Sassoon.
d) They'll have had their meal served by the time we arrive.
3. Chúng ta cũng dùng hình thức khởi phát/ cầu khiến để nói về những trải nghiệm xấu hoặc những rủi ro/
bất hạnh đã xảy ra; hay một trải nghiệm nói chung.
have + sth + past participle + (by + tác nhân)
a) They've had their suitcases stolen at the airport.
b) We've had our electricity cut off all day.
c) I had my car lights smashed by vandals.
d) He had his garden destroyed by the storm.
e) Sherry had her children playing in the garden.
4. Chúng ta cùng so sánh sự khác nhau giữa 3 động từ khởi phát/ cầu khiến:
HAVE - GET - MAKE
a) He has the lawn mown every weekend by his son. (He does not do it, his son does.)
→ HAVE + sth + PAST PARTICIPLE (PASSIVE )
a’) I'll have the porter bring your luggage up right away.
(He arranges for the porter to bring the guest's luggage.)
→ HAVE + sb + BARE INFINITIVE
→ giao trách nhiệm cho người khác làm việc đó.
b) He got the lawn mown by his son. (He encouraged him to do it for him.)
→ GET+ sth + PAST PARTICIPLE (PASSIVE )
b) He got his son to mow the lawn for him. (He persuaded his son to do it for him.)
→ GET + sb + TO INFINITIVE
→ thuyết phục/ khuyến khích người khác làm việc đó hoặc lừa phỉnh người khác để họ làm việc đó.
c) He made his son mow the lawn. (He insisted or ordered his son do it.)
→ MAKE + sb + BARE INFINITIVE
→ bắt buộc ra lệnh người khác làm việc đó.
c) His son was made to mow the lawn.
→BE + MADE + TO-INFINITIVE (PASSIVE )
• Turn these sentences into passive voice
1. You should open the wine about three hours before you use it.
→……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. People believe that the wanted man is living in New York.
→……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. They thought that Mary had gone away.
→……………………………………………………………….………………..…………………………………
4. We use this room only on special occasions.
→……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I don’t like people telling me what to do.
→……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. They are pulling down the old theatre.
→……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………..
7. Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell in?
→……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. It’s your duty to know how to drive.
→……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………...
9. I saw them go out.→……………………………………………………………….………… …………………
10. He made us work. →……………………………………………………………….………………..…………..
PART 2: PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. sprinkle B. slice C. versatile D. combine
2. A. algorithm B. threat C. thousand D. theory
3. A. garnish B. drain C. tender D. sprinkle
4. A. return B. repair C. resurrect D. response
5. A. garnish B. dip C. slice D. grill
6. A. hacker B. automated C. application D. navigate
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. ingredient B. tablespoon C. recipe D. benefit
2. A. business B. intention C. endangered D. extinction
3. A. ingredient B. traditional C. avocado D. significant
4. A. interfere B. understand C. resurrect D. estimate
5. A. cucumber B. delicious C. tomato D. nutritious
B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR
I. Give the correct form of the words.
1. Fourteen people were arrested for _____________________ a cyber- attack on the company's website.
LAUNCH
2. Fur seals were nearly _____________________ a few years ago. EXTERMINATION
3. Aid workers are having to deal with very difficult, sometimes life- __________________ situation. THREAT
4. Futurist Ray Kurzweil imagined a world in which humans and computers would have the same
_____________________. CAPABLE
5. We see that artificial _______________________ has made daily life a lot easier. INTELLIGENT
6. Computed methods for _____________________ reasoning, learning and perception have become a common
phenomenon in our everyday lives. AUTOMATION
7. It is best to take advantage of all of the _______________________ things that we have access to artificial
intelligence. INCREDIBLY
8. Earlier this year, the Washington Post reported on an algorithm __________________ by Google that could
potentially let self-driving cars learn to drive through experience. DEVELOPMENT
9. AI Technology has also been able to ______________________ dead stars, like Michael Jackson. SURRECT
10. Set in the near future, the film Her tells the story of a lonely writer who forms a strong attachment to his
____________________ system's AI, which chooses to identify itself as Samantha. OPERATE
II. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a super intelligence might help us eradicate war, disease
and poverty.
A. exterminate B. illiterate C. erect D. generate
2. An Al arms race could inadvertently lead to an Al war that also results in mass casualties.
A. regeneration B. mortality C. devastation D. conflict
3. If a super intelligent system is tasked with an ambitious project, it might wreak havoc with our ecosystem as a
side effect.
A. an adverse effect B. a great benefit C. a positive effect D. some merit
4. Thanks to recent breakthroughs, many Al milestones have now been reached, making many experts take
seriously the possibility of super intelligence in our lifetime.
A. setbacks B. drawbacks C. landmarks D. commence
5. The door we escaped through had an automatic lock but we didn't know that.
A. manual B. hand-operated C. intentional D. preprogrammed
6. Al or Robots can easily adapt to each student's individual learning needs and can target instruction based on
their strengths and weaknesses.
A. familiarize itself with B. preserve itself for C. come to terms without D. stay unstable
7. Artificial intelligence can be utilized in carrying out repetitive and time-consuming tasks efficiently.
A. eliminated B. exploited C. displaced D. operated
8. Thinking machines will govern all the fields and populate the positions that humans occupy, leaving thousands
of people jobless.
A. complement B. occupy C. dominate D. program
9. The system will provide a full set of alarms if it is malfunctioning.
A. out of word B. beyond repair C. under control D. on the blink
10. With the rise of computers, the process of doing manual work has been decreased to a great extent.
A. automatic B. mechanical C. hand-operated D. mental
III. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. Robots may perform specific functions - such as lifting objects, or repeatedly performing the same action over
and over.
A. repeatedly B. again and again C. few and far between D. persistently
2. When computers advanced, they would merge with other technologies, such as nanotechnology and robotics.
A. integrate B. unite C. incorporate D. split
3. Humans will have to become more adept at things that machines can't do, namely dealing with other humans,
and social skills will beat cognitive skills in the marketplace.
A. expert B. master C. amateur D. professional
4. While technologies will continue to become exponentially more powerful, the decisions we make are still our
own.
A. speedily B. instantly C. leisurely D. hastily
5. Smart devices can enhance our perceptions, arms us with knowledge, and transform themselves to become
cyborgs.
A. intensify B. magnify C. boost D. diminish
6. Since intelligent robots are machines with metal bodies, they are more resistant and have greater ability to
endure the space and hostile atmosphere.
A. strong B. endurable C. unsusceptible D. vulnerable
7. Amazon, the major electronic commerce company, has recently come up with an ingenious idea about its
delivery.
A. thinking out of the box B. innovative C. unimaginative D. on the ball
8. Unlike human baristas, it can serve multiple drinks at once and work all day and night without a break.
A. day in and day out B. many a time and oft
C. time and time again D. once in a blue moon
9. Although robots certainly help us to eliminate tedious tasks, many people are concerned about a future filled
with robots.
A. deadly-dull B. exciting C. run-of-the-mill D. as dry as dust
10. These ideas of the robot rebellion, in which robots become so smart that they may decide to turn on their
masters, may seem a bit far-fetched.
A. beyond the bounds of possibility B. difficult to believe
C. incredible D. likely
IV. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. James had his nose ____ in a fight
A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broken
2. Frank had his passport ____ on a train.
A. stealing B. to steal C. stolen D. steal
3. Fred had his hat ____ off in the wind.
A. blow B. blown C. blowing D. to blow
4. George had his papers ____ at the police station.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken
5. Bill is having his shoes ____.
A. shined B. to shine C. chinning D. shine
6. I am going to have a new house ____.
A. build B. to build C. built D. building
7. I'll have the boys ____ the chairs.
A. paint B. to paint C. painted D. painting
8. I will have your car ____ by the end of the day.
A. to repair B. repair C. repaired D. repairing
9. Robots could even be part of security alerting you to possible fires that you are under ____ of.
A. risk B. danger C. pressure D. threat
10. Have these flowers ____ to her office, please.
A. taken B. taking C. take D. to take
11. You should have your car ____ before going.
A. servicing B. to service C. service D. serviced
12. I'll have a new dress ____ for my daughter.
A. making B. to make C. make D. made
13. You should ____ a professional to check your house for earthquake damage.
A. have B. make C. take D. get
14. As we may have seen in many films such as the Matrix, or iRobot, robots have the ____ to ruin our lives if
something were to go wrong.
A. achievement B. success C. potential D. talent
15. Pupils should have their eyes ____ regularly.
A. tested B. to test C. test D. testing
16. Lisa had the roof ____ yesterday.
А. repair B. repaired C. to repair D. repairing
17. They have just had air conditioning ____ in their house.
A. install B. to install C. installed D. installing
18. We rarely have our luggage ____ by porters.
A. carried B. carry C. to carry D. been carried
19. Microsoft says that the app Cortana continually learns about its users and it will eventually develop the ability
to ____ users' needs.
A. anticipate B. imagine C. link D. indicate
20. We had the room ____ yesterday.
A. decorates B. had decorated C. decorated D. decorating
21. The villagers have had the use of this washing machine ____ by this engineer.
A. explain B. explained C. to explain D. explains
22. By ____ the housework done, we have time to further our studies.
A. taking B. to have C. having D. to get
23. Although it's fine for figures like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking to raise ____ about the dangers of artificial
intelligence, the majority of computer scientists agree that these problems are far away.
A. existence B. problem C. awareness D. idea
24. Speech ____ is the ability of the computer to understand a human talking to it.
A. recommendation B. recognition C. acceptance D. realization
25. The government has had new houses ____ in the rural areas.
A. build B. built C. to be built D. building
26. NASA has had an autonomous spaceship ____ the universe recently.
 A. exploring B. explore C. explored D. to explore
27. She is going to have her wedding dress ____.
A. cutting B. cuts C. cut D. to cut
28. Smartphones are a great example of the ____ of artificial intelligence.
A. application B. request C. programme D. relation
29. AI enables computers to do some things better than humans, especially when it comes to ____ very large
amounts of data quickly, efficiently, and accurately.
A. process B. processing C. procession D. be processed
30. It's about time you had your house ____.
A. whitewash B. whitewashed C. whitewashing D. to whitewash
C. READING
I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
We won't have robot doctors for a long time, (1) ____ the human doctors we have now are beginning to
learn on specialized artificial intelligence to help save time.
Google DeepMind has just announced a partnership with University College London Hospital(UCLH)
which will explore (2) ____ artificial intelligence to treat patients with head and neck cancers. The goal is to
develop tools to automatically identify cancerous cells for radiology machines.
Currently, radiologists employ a manual process, called image (3) ____, to make CT and MRI scans and
use them to create a map of the patient's anatomy with clear guidelines of where to direct the (4) ____. Avoiding
healthy areas of the head and neck requires that map to be extraordinarily detailed; typically it takes four hours to
create. Google believes it can do the same job or better in one hour.
DeepMind, Google's research arm, works primarily in deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence that
learns to identify patterns from looking at large amount of data. In this case, DeepMind researchers will (5) ____
access to anonymized radiology scans from up to 700 former UCLH patients, and then feed them into (6) ____
that would process the scans to learn the visual difference between healthy and cancerous tissue.
The partnership will (7) ____ researchers to train their algorithms with highly-specialized, high-quality
data, which theoretically will enable the algorithm to (8) ____ at a higher rate of success than if they had been
using publicly available scans.
For those concerned about machines making health (9) ____ decisions, UCLH made it clear in a statement
to the newspaper Guardian that clinicians will be in complete control of diagnoses and treatment.
DeepMind isn't the first care. Samsung Medison, the South Korean (10) ____ company's medical device
arm, recently released an ultrasound machine that uses deep learning to quickly recommend whether breast tissue
is cancerous or benign. The machine's algorithm was trained on 9,000 breast tissue scans, and is pending FDA
approval in the US.
1. A. what B. why C. when D. but
2. A. using B. translating C. expressing D. performing
3. A. judgment B. discovery C. segmentation D. identification
4. A. intelligence B. radiation C. level D. strength
5. A. grow B. ask C. repair D. obtain
6. A. limit B. distance C. algorithms D. arrangement
7. A. move B. allow C. sail D. stop
8. A. perform B. access C. adopt D. change
9. A. develop B. exist C. rise D. care
10. A. way B. method C. technology D. organization
II. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions
from 1 to 6.
 FIRST TIME IN THE AIR
When John Mills was going to fly in an aero plane for the first time, he was frightened. He did not like the
idea of being thousands of feet up in the air. "I also didn't like the fact that I wouldn't be in control," says John.
"I'm a terrible passenger in the car. When somebody else is driving, I tell them what to so. It drives
everybody crazy.". However John couldn't avoid flying any longer. It was the only way he could visit his
grandchildren in Canada.
"I had made up my mind that I was going to do it, I couldn't let my son, his wife and their three children
travel all the way here to visit me. It would be so expensive for them and I know Tom's business isn't doing so
well at the moment - it would also be tiring for the children - it's a nine-hour flight!" he says.
To get ready for the flight John did lots of reading about aero planes. When he booked his seat, he was
told that he would be flying on a Boeing 747, which is better known as a jumbo jet. "I needed to know as much
as possible before getting in that plane. I suppose it was a way of making myself feel better. The Boeing 747 is
the largest passenger aircraft in the world at the moment. The first one flew on February 9th 1969 in the USA. It
can carry up to 524 passengers and 3.400 pieces of luggage. The fuel for aero planes is kept in the wings and the
747 is wings are so big that they can carry enough fuel for an average car to be able to travel 16,000 kilometers a
year for 70 years. Isn't that unbelievable? Even though I had discovered all this very interesting information about
the jumbo, when I saw it for the first time, just before I was going to travel to Canada, I still couldn't believe that
something so enormous was going to get up in the air and fly. I was even more impressed when I saw how big it
was inside with hundreds of people!"
The biggest surprise of all for John was the flight itself. "The take-off itself was much smoother than I
expected although I was still quite scared until we were in the air. In the end, I managed to relax, enjoy the food
and watch one of the movies and the view from the window was spectacular. I even managed to sleep for a while!
Of course," continues John, "the best reward of all was when I arrived in Canada and saw my son and his family,
particularly my beautiful grandchildren. Suddenly, I felt so silly about all the years when I couldn't even think of
getting on a plane. I had let my fear of living stop me from seeing the people I love most in the world. I can visit
my son and family as often as I like now!"
1. Why did John Mills fly in an aero plane?
A. He wanted to go on holiday. B. He wanted to try it.
C. He wanted to see his family. D. He had to travel on business.
2. Why did John read about aero plane?
A. He wanted to know how they work. B. It was his hobby
C. It made him feel safer. D. He had found a book on them.
3. What happened when he saw the jumbo jet for the first time?
A. He felt much safer. B. He liked the shape of it.
C. He couldn't believe how big it was. D. He thought the wings were very small
4. How did John feel when the aero plane was taking off?
A. excited B. happy C. sad D. frightened
5. What surprised John most about the flight?
A. That he liked the food. B. That he was able to sleep.
C. That there was a movie being shown. D. That the view was good.
6. How did John feel about his fears in the end?
A. He thought he had wasted time being afraid.
B. He realized it was okay to be afraid.
C. He hoped his grandchildren weren't afraid of flying.
D. He realized that being afraid kept him safe.
III. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions
from 1 to 8.
 The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked
down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis,
cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated:
scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins,
a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the
vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters
replaced the microbe hunters.
In the 1940's and 1950's, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health.
They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to
perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters
occupied center stage.
You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking
genes - the blueprints for each of the enzymes - and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited
diseases - diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology
to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive
production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become
a multi billion dollar industry.
In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the
spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning
century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be
neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the funtions of the brain. What to
call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The microbe hunters. B. The potential of genetic engineering.
C. The progress of modern medical research. D. The discovery of enzymes.
2. The word “incriminated” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A. blamed B. eliminated C. investigated D. produced
3. Which of the following can be cured by a change in diet?
A. Tuberculosis B. Cholera C. Cystique fibroses D. Pell Agra
4. The word "strived" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A. studied B. tried C. experimented D. failed
5. How do vitamins influence health?
A. They protect the body from microbes.
B. They are broken down by cells to produce energy.
C. They keep food from spoiling.
D. They are necessary for some enzymes to function.
6. The phrase "occupy the spotlight" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.
A. go to furthest B. lighten to load
C. conquer territory D. receive the most attention
7. The author implies that the most important medical research topic of the future will be ____.
A. the functions of the brain B. inherited diseases
C. the operation of vitamins D. the structure of genes
8. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
A. Most diseases are caused by defective genes.
B. The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades.
C. Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters.
D. Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck.
PART 3: TEST YOURSELF
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. spread B. cream C. bread D. head
2. A. exterminate B. extend C. expand D. example
3. A. sugar B. stew C. sauce D. steam
4. A. interfere B. incredible C. intervention D. ending
5. A. grate B. shallot C. marinate D. staple
6. A navigation B. activate C. faraway D. malfunction
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. futurist B. malfunction C. consequence D. activate
2. A promote B. diverse C. language D. combine
3. A. exterminator B. singularity C. technological D. similarity
4. A. librarian B. experiment C. historical D. entertain
5. A. incredible B. exterminate C. exponential D. humanity
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
1. I'll have another key ____.
A. made B. making C. to make D. make
2. Do you have a newspaper ____ to your home?
A. deliver B. delivered C. to deliver D. delivering
3. I have not had the film ____ yet.
A. develop B. to develop C. developing D. developed
4. She had her hair ____ yesterday.
A. done B. do C. to do D. doing
5. Have her ____ these letters, please.
A. type B. to type C. typed D. typing
6. Robots can act as 24/7 ____ to children with disabilities or the elderly.
A. equipment B. devices C. aids D. contribution
7. Artificial intelligence is often the technology deployed to ____ the type of fraud that may be committed on
your bank account.
A. monitor B. listen C. request D. recognize
8. We have just had the carpenter ____ this chair.
A. made B. make C. to make D. making
9. What did you do this morning? We ____ the room whitewashed.
A. had B. have C. got to D. order
10. I have had my room ____ today.
A. clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
11. ____ robots are machines, there is no need for sleep.
A. Although B. As C. Therefore D. When
12. The students got the librarian ____ books for them.
A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying
13. John had just had his brother ____ a house for him on Fifth Avenue.
A. building B. build C. to build D. built
14. Let's have our waiter ____ some coffee.
A. bring B. to bring C. bringing D. brought
15. You ought to have your coat ____.
A. clean and press B. cleaned and pressed
C. cleaning and pressing D. cleaning and pressed
16. The term 'Artificial Intelligence' was originally ____ by John McCarthy at a conference in which he ____ it
as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".
 A. formed - defined B. formed - explained C. shaped - explained D. shaped - defined
17. He couldn't afford to ____ his car repaired.
A. pay B. make C. do D. get
18. The teacher had the students ____ their test.
A. hand in B. handed in C. handing in D. having handed in
19. The students got the librarian ____ books for them.
A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying
20. Why don't you have that coat ____?
A. cleaned B. clean C. cleaning D. to clean
21. Artificial Intelligence (AI) ____ to the "intelligence" of machinery.
A. talks B. adds C. mentions D. refers
22. We had a professional photographer ____ pictures of everyone who participated in our wedding.
A. take B. to take C. took D. takes
23. She doesn't like having her picture ____.
A. take B. taken C. taking D. to take
24. I'm sorry I'm late, but I ____ my watch ____ on the way here.
A. have/ cleaned B. had/ clean C. had/ cleaned D. had/ to clean
25. Please have the cleaner ____ this meeting room.
A. sweep B. swept C. sweeping D. to sweep
26. There is no doubt that the technology of artificial intelligence in the wrong ____ can cause mass destruction.
A. persons B. controls C. fingers D. hands
27. Intelligent robots carry out many different tasks such as ____ delivery in a factory, pipe inspection, and
exploration of dangerous environments.
A. independent B. automatic C. automating D. automated
28. I'd like to have my shoes ____ at one.
A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired
29. My grandmother had a tooth ____ last week.
A. fill B. filling C. filled D. to be filled
30. We had the roof ____ last year.
A. mend B. mending C. mended D. being mended
IV. Give the correct form of the words.
1. The concept of the artificial intelligence system is based on __________________ Darwinian. EVOLUTING
2. Insecticides are agricultural chemicals that __________________ insects harmful to plants.
EXTERMINATION
3. We hope that cancer will not be ___________________ as a life- threatening disease. RECOGNIZE
4. The intelligence of machines would exceed that of humans - a moment that futurists call the
________________________. SINGULAR
5. The burglar alarm is _______________________ by movement. ACTIVATE
6. He has succeeded in __________________________ his career in television. RESURRECT
7. The drug caused a ___________________________ in the brain. FUNCTION
8. So far, only one person has survived an operation to _________________ an artificial heart. IMPLANTING
V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
It's only natural that people want to use the latest innovations to better themselves. Smart devices can truly
do incredible things and (1) ____ simplify our day. They can also enhance our (2) ____, arms us with knowledge,
and transform themselves to become cyborgs.
Cyborg is a term used to describe a being that is half human and half (3) ____. This may sound like
something out of science-fiction novels, but some people have already adapted this lifestyle. One is artist Neil
Harbisson. He was born completely colour-blind, and could only see black and white images. It seemed that he
would never (4) ____ colour. After attending a cybernetics talk in college, he met an inventor who agreed to make
a special device for him. They designed an eyeborg, a mechanical eye that converted colours into sound
frequencies. This enabled Harbisson to hear colour and perceive the world in a different way. He (5) ____ going
to museums to "hear" classic paintings. In fact, a simple walk in a different way. He started going to museums to
hear classic paintings. In fact, a simple walk down a grocery store filled with colourful products produces some
catchy tunes. Harbisson loves his eyeborg so much that he rarely takes it (6) ____. He now gives talks urging
others to consider adding their own mechanical improvements.
In 1998, British scientist Kevin Warwick conducted his own experiment. He implanted a chip inside of
his arm, which he used to control lights and other appliances at home. He later expanded the project (7) ____
placing electrodes inside his nervous system and linking it to the Internet. This allowed him to control external
objects including robotic arms, amplifiers, and loudspeakers. His work remains influential as this example of
extended sensory input was the first of its kind.
If you're interested in becoming a cyborg and you're (8) ____, a good place to start might be with a pair of
Google Glass. Users wear it like ordinary eyeglasses, yet Google Glass is equipped with state-the-art electronics.
Using voice (9) ____ you can have it take a picture of what you see, see directions right in front of you, or translate
your voice into other languages. Hopefully, this experience will help you decide whether becoming a cyborg is
right for you, or if you're content to remain a human like the (10) ____ us.
1. A. help on B. help to C. help over D. help out
2. A. jobs B. perceptions C. careers D. offices
3. A. model B. copy C. representation D. machine
4. A. speak B. write C. share D. experience
5. A. started B. gone away C. stayed D. survived
6. A. with B. by C. off D. for
7. A. by B. out in C. out with D. over
8. A. willing B. asking C. making D. doing
9. A. causes B. provides C. commands D. transmits
10. A. make out B. make out C. rest of D. turn in
VI. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions
Although the "lie detectors" are being used by governments, police departments, and businesses that all
want guaranteed ways of detecting the truth, the results are not always accurate. Lie detectors are properly called
emotion detectors, for their aim is to measure bodily changes that contradict what a person says. The polygraph
machine records changes in heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the electrical activity of the skin (galvanic
skin response, or GSR). In the first part of the polygraph test, you are electronically connected to the machine and
asked a few neutral questions ("What is your name?", "Where do you live?"). Your physical reactions serve the
standard (baseline) for evaluating what comes next. Then you are asked a few critical questions among the neutral
ones ("When did you rob the bank?"). The assumption is that if you are guilty, your body will reveal the truth,
even if you try to deny it. Your heart rate, respiration, and GSR will change abruptly as you respond to the
incriminating questions.
That is the theory; but psychologists have found that lie detectors are simply not reliable. Since most
physical changes are the same across all emotions, machines cannot tell whether you are feeling guilty, angry,
nervous, thrilled, or revved up form an exciting day. Innocent people may be tense and nervous about the whole
procedure. They may react physiologically to a certain word ("bank") not because they robbed it, but because they
recently bounced a check. In either case the machine will record a "lie". The reverse mistake is also common.
Some practiced liars can lie without flinching, and others learn to beat the machine by tensing muscles or thinking
about an exciting experience during neutral questions.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Lie detectors distinguish different emotions
B. Physical reaction reveal guilty
 C. Lie detectors make innocent people nervous
D. How lie detectors are used and their reliability
2. According to the test, polygraph ____.
A. measure a person's thoughts B. always reveal the truth about a person
C. make guilty people angry D. record a person's physical reactions
3. According to the passage, what kind of questions is asked on the first part of the polygraph test?
A. incriminating B. critical C. emotional D. unimportant
4. The word "ones" in paragraph 1 refers to ____.
A. questions B. reactions C. standards D. evaluations
5. The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to ____.
A. the question B. your body C. the assumption D. the truth
6. The word "assumption" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced with ____.
A. belief B. faith C. statement D. imagining
7. This passage was probably written by a specialist in ____.
A. sociology B. anthropology C. criminal psychology D. mind reading
VII. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions.
There has been much debate over the past few decades concerning fears that nation will lead to robots
replacing human workers on a massive scale.
The increasing use of robotics, computers and artificial intelligence is a reality, but its full implications
are far from cut and dried. Some forecasts present the future in a utopian way, claiming that robots will take over
the tedious heavy work thus freeing up human time and potential, allowing for more creativity and innovation w
the other end of spectrum are those who foresee an employment apocalypse, predicting that almost fifty percent
of all American jobs could vanish within the next few decades. Former Microsoft chairman Bill Gates states that
in 20 years robots could be in place in a number of job categories, particularly those at lower end of the scale in
terms of skills.
The bottom line is that while the future is always uncertain, robots are a fixture of our society, which is
not going to disappear. As with the Industrial Revolution, where machines were utilized in many tasks in place of
manual laborers and social upheaval followed, the Digital Revolution is likely to place robots in various jobs. In
spite of that, many of today's jobs were not in existence before the Industrial Revolution, such as those of
programmers, engineers and data scientists. This leads other experts to criticize this alarmist approach of robot
scare-mongering, which is invariably compared to the 19th-century "Luddites". This group was textile workers
who feared being displaced by machines and resorted to violence, burning down factories and destroying
industrial equipment - their rejection of inevitable progress has come to symbolize mindless ignorance.
Needless to say, exactly what new kinds of jobs might exist in the future is difficult to envision at present.
Therefore, the crux of the issue is not whether jobs will be lost, but whether the creation of new vacancies will
outpace the ever-increasing number of losses and what skills will be required in the future.
It is clearly not all doom and gloom, as demand for employees with skills in data analysis, coding,
computer science, artificial intelligence and human-machine interface is rising and will continue to do so.
Furthermore, the demand for skills in Jobs where humans surpass computers, such as those involving care,
creativity and innovative craftmanship, are likely to increase considerably. Ultimately, the key lies in the
adaptation of the workforces, through appropriate education and training, to keep pace with our world's
technological progress.
1. What is the main concern associated with technological advances in the workplace?
A. safety at work B. increased unemployment
C. the use of artificial intelligence D. robots taking over the world
2. What do optimists predict technology will allow?
A. workplaces to become more relaxing B. a greater enjoyment of life
C. flexible working hours D. higher quality products
3. What can be inferred from the comments made by Bill Gates?
A. Changes will occur for many decades. B. There will be increasing amounts of unskilled workers.
C. Highly skilled workers have less to worry about. D. Technology will have a negative effect in the workplace.
4. Why is the example of the Industrial Revolution given?
A. It was also a time of great change in the workplace. B. It had far less of an effect than the Digital Revolution.
C. It lead to widespread unemployment in the world. D. It resulted in a more violent society.
5. What is the modern-day view of the Luddites?
A. They managed to protect their jobs.
B. Their refusing to adapt to change is seen in a negative way.
C. Their adapting to new technology saved their jobs.
D. Their actions are inspiring many workers today.
6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to crux in paragraph 4?
A. The most complex part B. The hidden message
C. The least understood part D. The most important part
7. According to the article, which quality will technology never be able to replace?
A. teamwork B. human compassion
C. the desire to manufacture goods D. human intelligence
8. What is the main idea of this article?
A. There are few negative consequences to the Digital Revolution.
B. Learning about technology is a natural part of human development.
C. Workers will need to adapt to technological changes.
D. Unemployment will increase dramatically as technology advances.
 Unit 9. CHOOSING A CAREER
PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY
• advice /ədˈvaɪs/ (n): lời khuyên
• ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ (n): hoài bão, khát vọng, tham vọng
• be in touch with: liên lạc với
• career (n): nghề, nghề nghiệp, sự nghiệp
• career adviser: người cố vấn nghề nghiệp
• come up with /tʌtʃ/: tìm thấy/ nảy ra ( ý tưởng/ giải pháp)
• cut down on: cắt giảm ( biên chế, số lượng)
• dishwasher /ˈdɪʃwɒʃə(r)/ (n): người rửa bát đĩa, máy rửa bát đĩa
• downside /ˈdaʊnsaɪd/ (n): mặt trái/ bất lợi
• drop in on: ghé thăm
• drop out of: bỏ ( học, nghề,...)
• fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ (a): có sức hấp dẫn hoặc quyến rũ lớn
• get on with: sống hòa thuận với
• get to grips with: bắt đầu giải quyết ( một vấn đề khó)
• keep up with: theo kịp, đuổi kịp
• look forward to /ˈfɔːwəd/: chờ đợi, trông đợi
• mature /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ (a): trưởng thành
• paperwork /ˈpeɪpəwɜːk/ (n): công việc giấy tờ, văn phòng
• pursue /pəˈsjuː/ (v): theo đuổi, tiếp tục
• put up with: chịu đựng
• rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ (a): bõ công, đáng công, thỏa đáng
• run out of : hết, cạn kiệt ( tiền, năng lượng,...)
• secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ (v): giành được, đạt được
• shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ (v): đi theo quan sát ai, thực hành để học việc
• tedious/ˈtiːdiəs/ (a): tẻ nhạt, làm mệt mỏi
• think back on: nhớ lại
• workforce /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/ (n): lực lượng lao động
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
1. Phrasal Verbs
A
• Account for: chiếm, giải thích • Advance to: tiến đến
• Allow for: tính đến, xem xét đến • Agree on something: đồng ý với điều gì
• Ask after: hỏi thăm sức khỏe • Agree with: đồng ý với ai, hợp với, tốt cho
• Ask for: hỏi xin ai cái gì • Answer to: hợp với
• Ask sb in/out: cho ai vào/ra • Answer for: chịu trách nhiệm về
• Advance in: tấn tới • Attend on (upon): hầu hạ
• Advance on: trình bày • Attend to: chú ý
B
• To be over: qua rồi • Break up: chia tay, giải tán
• To be up to sb to V: ai đó có trách nhiệm phải làm • Break off: tan vỡ một mối quan hệ
gì • To bring about: mang đến, mang lại (= result in)
• To bear up = to confirm: xác nhận • Bring down = to land: hạ xuống
• To bear out: chịu đựng • Bring out: xuất bản
• To blow out: thổi tắt • Bring up: nuôi dưỡng (danh từ là up bringing)
• Blow down: thổi đổ • Bring off: thành công, ẵm giải
• Blow over: thổi qua • To burn away: tắt dần
• To break away = to run away: chạy trên • Burn out: cháy trụi
• Break down: hỏng hóc, suy nhược • Back up: ủng hộ, nâng đỡ
• Break in (to + O): đột nhập, cắt ngang • Bear on: có ảnh hưởng, liên lạc tới
• Become of: xảy ra cho • Believe in: tin cẩn, tin có
• Begin with: bắt đầu bằng • Belong to: thuộc về
• Begin at: khởi sự từ • Bet on: đánh cuộc vào
C
• Call for: mời gọi, yêu cầu • Clean up: dọn gọn gàng
• Call up: gọi đi lính, gọi điện thoại, nhắc lại kỉ niệm • Clear away: lấy đi, mang đi
• Call on/call in at sb's house: ghé thăm nhà ai • Clear up: làm sáng tỏ
• Call off = put off = cancel: hủy bỏ • Close down: phá sản, đóng cửa nhà máy
• Call in/on at sb's house: ghé thăm nhà ai • Close with: tới gần
• Call at: ghé thăm • Close about: vây lấy
• Care about: quan tâm, để ý tới • Close in: tiến tới
• Care for: muốn, thích (= would like), quan tâm • Close up: xích lại gần nhau
chăm sóc (= take care of) • Come to: lên tới
• Carry away: mang đi, phân phát • Come over/ round = visit
• Carry on = go on: tiếp tục • Come round: hồi tỉnh
• Carry out: tiến hành, thực hiện • Come down: sụp đổ (= collapse), giảm (= reduce)
• Carry off = bring off: ẵm giải • Come down to: là do
• Cry for: khóc vì • Come up: đề cập đến, nhô lên, nhú lên
• Cry for something: kêu đói • Come up with: nảy ra, loé lên
• Cry with joy: khóc vì vui • Come up against: đương đầu, đối mặt
• Cut something into: cắt vật gì thành • Come out: xuất bản
• Cut into: nói vào, xen vào • Come out with: tung ra sản phẩm
• Cut back on/cut down on: cắt giảm (chỉ tiêu) • Come about = happen
• Cut in: cắt ngang (= interrupt) • Come across: tình cờ gặp
• Cut st out of st: cắt cái gì rời khỏi cái gì • Come apart: vỡ vụn
• Cut off: cô lập, cách li, ngừng phục vụ • Come along/on with: hoà hợp, tiến triển
• Cut up: chia nhỏ • Come into: thừa kế
• Catch on: trở nên phổ biến, nắm bắt kịp • Come off: thành công, long ra, bong ra
• Catch up with = keep up with = keep pace with: • Count on sb for st: trông cậy vào ai
theo kịp ai, cái gì • Cross out: gạch đi, xoá đi
• Check in/out: làm thủ tục ra/vào • Consign to: giao phó cho
• Check up: kiểm tra sức khoẻ • Chew over = think over: nghĩ kĩ
• Clean out: dọn sạch, lấy đi hết • Chance upon: tình cờ gặp
D
• Delight in: thích thú về • Do away with: bãi bỏ, bãi miễn
• Depart from: bỏ, sửa đổi • Do up = decorate
• Do with: chịu đựng • Draw back: rút lui
• Do for a thing: kiểm ra một vật • Drive at: ngụ ý, ám chỉ
• Die away/die down: giảm đi, dịu đi (về cường độ) • Drop in at st's house: ghé thăm nhà ai
• Die out/die off: tuyệt chủng • Drop off: buồn ngủ
• Die for: thèm gì đến chết • Drop out of school: bỏ học
• Die of: chết vì
E
• End up: kết thúc • Eat up: ăn hết • Eat out: ăn ngoài
F
• Face up to: đương đầu, đối mặt • Fall off: giảm dần
• Fall back on: trông cậy, dựa vào • Fall down: thất bại
• Fall in with: mê cái gì (fall in love with sb: yêu ai • Fill in: điền vào
đó say đắm) • Fill up with: đổ đầy
• Fall behind: chậm hơn so với dự định, rớt lại phía • Fill out: điền hết, điền sạch
sau • Fill in for: đại diện, thay thế
• Fall through = put off, cancel • Find out: tìm ra
G
• Get through to sb: liên lạc với ai • Give up: từ bỏ
• Get through: hoàn tất ( accomplish), vượt qua ( get • Give out: phân phát, cạn kiệt
over) • Give off: toả ra, phát ra (mùi hương, hương vị)
• Get into: đi vào, lên (xe) • Go out: đi ra ngoài, lỗi thời
• Get in: đến, trúng cử • Go out with: hẹn hò
• Get off: cởi bỏ, xuống xe, khởi hành • Go through: kiểm tra, thực hiện công việc
• Get out of = avoid • Go through with: kiên trì bền bỉ
• Get down: đi xuống, ghi lại • Go for: cố gắng giành được
• Get sb down: làm ai thất vọng • Go in for = take part in
• Get down to doing: bắt đầu nghiêm túc làm việc gì • Go with: phù hợp
• Get to doing: bắt tay vào làm việc gì • Go without: kiêng nhịn
• Get round... (To doing): xoay xở, hoàn tất • Go off: nổi giận, nổ tung, thối rữa (thức ăn)
• Get along/on with = come along/on with • Go off with = give away with: cuỗm theo
• Get at = drive at • Go ahead: tiến lên
• Get back: trở lại • Go back on one's word: không giữ lời
• Get up: ngủ dậy • Go down with: mắc bệnh
• Get ahead: vượt trước ai • Go over: kiểm tra, xem xét kỹ lưỡng
• Get away with: cuỗm theo cái gì • Go up: tăng, đi lên, vào đại học
• Get over: vượt qua • Go into: lâm vào
• Get on one's nerves: làm ai phát điên, chọc tức ai • Go away: cút đi, đi khỏi
• Give away: cho đi, tống đi, tiết lộ bí mật • Go round: đủ chia
• Give st back: tra lại • Go on: tiếp tục
• Give in: bỏ cuộc • Grow out of: lớn vượt khỏi
• Give way to: nhượng bộ, đầu hàng (= give oneself • Grow up: trưởng thành
up to), nhường chỗ cho ai
H
• Hand down to = pass on to: truyền lại (cho thế hệ • Hang on = hold on = hold off: cầm máy (điện thoại)
sau) • Hang up (off): cúp máy
• Hand in: giao nộp (bài, tội phạm) • Hang out: treo ra ngoài
• Hand back: giao lại • Hold on off = put off
• Hand over: trao trả quyền lực • Hold on: cầm máy
• Hand out: phân phát (= give out) • Hold back: kiềm chế
• Hang round: lảng vảng • Hold up: cản trở/ trấn lột
J
• Jump at a chance/ an opportunity: chộp lấy cơ hội • Jump for joy: nhảy lên vì sung sướng
• Jump at a conclusion: vội kết luận • Jump into (out of): nhảy vào (ra)
• Jump at an order vội vàng nhận lời
K
• Keep away from = keep off: tránh xa • Keep up: giữ lại, duy trì
• Keep out of: ngăn cản • Keep up with: theo kịp ai
• Keep sb back from: ngăn cản ai không làm gì • Keep on = keep ving: cứ tiếp tục làm gì
• Keep sb from = stop sb from • Knock down = pull down: kéo đổ, sụp đổ, san bằng
• Keep sb together: gắn bó • Knock out: ha gục ai
L
• Lay down: ban hành, hạ vũ khí • Lie down: nằm nghỉ
• Lay out: sắp xếp, lập dàn ý • Live up to: sống xứng đáng với
• Leave sb off = to dismiss sb: cho thi nghỉ việc • Live on: sống dựa vào
• Leave out = get rid of • Lock up: khóa chặt ai
• Let sb down: làm ai thất vọng • Look after: chăm sóc
• Let sb in/out: cho ai vào ra, phóng thích ai • Look at: quan sát
• Let sb off: tha bổng cho ai • Look back on: nhớ lại hồi tưởng
• Look round: quay lại nhìn • Look on, đứng nhìn thờ ơ
• Look for: tìm kiếm • Look out: coi chừng
• Look forward to y-ing: mong đợi, mong chờ • Look out for: cảnh giác với
• Look in on: ghé thăm • Look over: kiểm tra
• Look up: tra cứu (từ điển, số điện thoại) • Look up to: tôn trọng
• Look into: xem xét, nghiên cứu • Look down on: coi thường
M
• Make up: trang điểm, bịa chuyện • Miss out: bỏ lỡ
• Make out: phân biệt • Move away: bỏ đi, ra đi
• Make up for: đền bù, hoà giải với ai • Move out: chuyến đi
• Make the way to: tìm đường tới • Move in: chuyển đến
• Mix out: trộn lẫn, lộn xộn
O
• Order sb about st: sai ai làm gì • Owe st to sb: có được gì nhờ ai
P
• Pass away = to die • Put st aside: cất đi, để dành
• Pass by = go past: đi ngang qua, trôi qua • Put st away: cất đi
• Pass on to = hand down to: truyền lại • Put through to sb: liên lạc với ai
• Pass out = to faint: ngất • Put down: hạ xuống
• Pay sb back: trả nợ ai • Put down to: lí do của
• Pay up the dept: trả hết nợ nần • Put on: mặc vào, tăng cân
• Point out: chi ra • Put up: dựng lên, tăng giá
• Pull back: rút lui • Put up with: tha thứ, chịu đựng
• Pull down = to knock down: kéo đỗ, san bằng • Put up for: xin đi ngủ nhờ
• Pull in to: vào (nhà ga) • Put out: dập tắt
• Pull st out: lấy cái gì ra • Put st/sb out: đưa ai/cái gì ra ngoài
• Pull over at: đỗ xe • Put off: trì hoãn

R
• Run after: truy đuổi • Run down: cắt giảm, ngừng phục vụ
• Run away/off from: chạy trốn • Run into: tình cờ gặp, đâm xô, lâm vào
• Run out (of): cạn kiệt • Ring after: gọi lại sau
• Run over: đè chết • Ring off: tắt máy (điện thoại)
• Run back: quay trở lại
S
• Save up: để giành • Shop round: mua bán loanh quanh
• See about = see to: quan tâm, để ý • Shut down: sập tiệm, phá sản
• See sb off: tạm biệt • Shut up: ngậm miệng lại
• See sb though: nhận ra bản chất của ai • Sit round: ngồi nhàn rỗi
• See over = go over • Sit up for: chờ ai cho tới tận khuya
• Send for: yêu cầu, mời gọi • Slown down: chậm lại
• Send to: đưa ai vào (bệnh viện, nhà tù) • Stand by: ủng hộ ai
• Send back: trả lại • Stand out: nổi bật
• Set out/off: khởi hành, bắt đầu • Stand for: đại diện, viết tắt của, khoan dung
• Set in: bắt đầu (dùng cho thời tiết) • Stand in for. thế chỗ của ai
• Set up: dựng lên • Stay away from: tránh xa
• Set sb back: ngăn cản ai • Stay behind: ở lại
• Settle down: an cư lập nghiệp • Stay up: đi ngủ muộn
• Show off: khoe khoang, khoác lác • Stay on at: ở lại trường để học thêm
• Show up: đến tới
T
• Take away from: lấy đi, làm nguội đi • Take after: giống ai như đúc
• Take sb/st back to: đem trả lại • Tie down: ràng buộc
• Take down: lấy xuống • Tie in with: buộc chặt
• Take in: lừa gạt ai, hiểu • Tie sb out = wear sb out = exhaust sb
• Take on: tuyển thêm, lấy thêm người • Tell off: mắng mỏ
• Take off: cất cánh, cởi tháo bỏ cái gì • Try on: thử (quần áo)
• Take over: giành quyền kiểm soát • Try out: thử... (Máy móc)
• Take up: đảm nhận, chiếm giữ (không gian), bắt đầu • Turn away = turn down: từ chối
làm gì (thành thủ tiêu khiển) • Turn into: chuyển thành
• Take to: yêu thích • Turn out: sx, hoá ra là
• Talk sb into st: thuyết phục ai • Turn on/off: mở, tắt
• Talk sb out of: cản trở ai • Turn up/down: vặn to, nhỏ (âm lượng)
• Throw away: ném đi, vứt hẳn đi • Turn up: xuất hiện, đến tới
• Throw out: vứt đi, tống cổ ai • Turn in: đi ngủ
U
• Use up: sử dụng hết, cạn kiệt
W
• Wait for: đợi • Work off : loại bỏ
• Wait up for: đợi ai đến tận khuya • Work out: tìm ra cách giải quyết
• Watch out/over = look out • Work up: làm khuấy động
• Watch out for = look out for • Wipe out: huỷ diệt
• Wear off: mất tác dụng, biến mất, nhạt dần • Write down: viết vào
• Wear sb out = exhaust sb
PART 2: PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. twice B. flight C. piece D. mind
2. A. about B. around C. sound D. young
3. A. cover B. oven C. coffee D. company
4. A. plates B. cakes C. mates D. said
5. A. laughed B. learned C. changed D. arrived
II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others.
1. A. geography B. evacuate C. emergency D. temporary
2. A. career B. response C. downside D. mature
3. A. scatter B. earthquake C. collapse D. mudslide
4. A. examination B. exciting C. experience D. expert
5. A. university B. managerial C. opportunity D. enthusiastic
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Complete each sentence using a verb from A (in the correct form) + a wordfrom B. You can use a word
more than once.
A. fly get go look sit speak
B. away by down on out round up
1. The bus was full. We couldn't ________________________.
2. I've been standing for the last two hours. I'm going to _____________________ for a bit.
3. A cat tried to catch the bird, but it _____________________ just in time.
4. We were trapped in the building. We couldn't ______________________.
5. I can't hear you very well. Can you _____________________ a little?
6. "Do you speak German?" - "Not very well, but I can _____________________.”
7. The cost of living is higher now. Prices have _____________________ a lot.
8. I thought there was somebody behind me, but when I _____________________, there was nobody there.
II. Give the correct form of the word.
1. She enjoys reading, knitting, and other quiet ______________________. PURSUE
2. Business is going so well that they hired seven new ______________________ in their department last month.
EMPLOY
3. Job _____________________ is the assurance that an employee has about the continuity of employment for
his or her work life. SECURE
4. The way is long and we shall have to get over the _____________________ of it. TEDIOUS
5. There are lots of different factors that go into _____________________ a career path. CHOOSE
6. We hope this guide helps you to _____________________ a desirable career path after high school. PURSUIT
7. There are many pathways from school that can lead to a _____________________ career. REWARD
8. High school _____________________ may be deciding whether they should enter the workforce or go to
college. GRADUATION
9. Get an English-speaking friend to check it for you, or you can find some useful phrases from
_____________________ job websites. DIFFERENCE
10. Look for job _____________________ in the local newspaper and log on to some job websites. VACANCY
III. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. I consider myself to be trustworthy, responsible and enthusiastic.
A. worthwhile B. talented C. honest D. skilled
2. The experience from an adventurous expedition to a rainforest will broaden your horizons and teach you new
skills.
A. expand your range of interests and knowledge B. open your views
C. widen your eyes D. be an eye-opener
3. Lucy has just finished her A levels and she has got a place at university, but she would really like a break from
the academic world. Therefore, he decides to take a gap year and travel around the word!
A. a year off B. a year out C. a year away D. a year's trip
4. Finally, Amy decided to quit her job as she couldn't stand doing the same things days in days out. It's so
monotonous!
A. easy B. low-paid C. tedious D. secure
5. I am available for an interview all afternoons, except on Tuesday because I am doing a computer course to
improve my typing skills.
A. willing B. free C. impatient D. longing
6. We want to recruit the brightest and the best. If you think you fit the bill, fill in an application form today.
A. are able to pay the bill B. are suitable C. are of the right size D. are excellent
7. As he lived in a small town outside the city, he had to commute every day.
A. take a bus to work B. drive to work
C. take a life to work D. travel a long way to and from work
8. The atmosphere at work was so bad that Brian eventually decided to hand in his notice.
A. notify the boss B. apply for another job C. give up his job D. be given a better job
9. My boss has a reputation for being such a slave-driver!
A. working overtime B. working excessively hard
C. being slave to work D. making his staff work too hard
10. There are excellent prospects for promotion, and you'll know you're doing something to benefit society.
A. opportunities B. likelihoods C. futures D. potentials
VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. You are expected to ask the prospective candidates a technical question to judge their ability.
A. potential B. possible C. aspiring D. former
2. Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize
their potential.
A. misunderstandings B. accidents C. incidentals D. misfortunes
3. With many companies having to downsize in tough economic items, the outsourcing and contracting of
freelance workers online has become common business practice.
A. take on more staff B. lay off their employees
C. close down their branches D. notify to break down
4. The Internet provides an infinite pool of buyers from around the world with whom freelancers can contract
their services. A. quite a few B. many a C. a wide variety of D. a limited number of
5. Well, I want to go straight to university, but I'm also thinking of applying for a temporary job in the summer.
A. part-time B. full-time C. permanent D seasonal
6. John was promoted last month for being such a committed worker.
A. dishonest B. irresponsible C. unenthusiastic D. unreliable
7. With so many breakthroughs in robotic science and technology, much manual work will soon be taken over
by robots.
A. intellectual work B. physical work C. monotonous work D. dull work
8. I'd go mad if I had to do a dead-end job like working on a supermarket checkout.
A. boring B. monotonous C. fascinating D. demanding
9. He's just so flexible. He'll adapt to any situation.
A. adaptable B. rigid C. intelligent D. autonomous
10. Most, not to say all, off the employers want to look for candidates with punctuality, so make sure you make
a positive impression on them by showing up on time for the interview.
A. good time management B. ability to meet deadlines C. being late D. being in time
IV. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence.
1. He ____ all his money, then closed the account.
A. took out B. took away C. paid in D. paid off
2. He was convicted of using the firm's money to pay ____ his gambling.
A. in B. off C. back D. towards
3. At the meeting, someone brought ____ the subject pre-school education.
A. in B. on C. up D. out
4. Whatever your decision, bear in mind that most people change ____ paths up to five times during their lifetime.
A. occupation B. career C. job D. vocation
5. I got on so well with my tutor ____ I did with my elder brother.
A. so B. like C. as if D. as
6. It's taking me longer to get ____ the operation than I thought.
A. through B. by C. up from D. over
7. For careers that truly interest you, consider asking each person if you can ____ him or her at work.
A. shadow B. monitor C. follow D. search
8. If you're required to fill out an application form, you'll still need to ____ the best way to present your skills and
experience.
A. work out B. come up C. exercise D. make out
9. When the princess kissed the frog, it turned ____ a handsome prince.
A. into B. up C. out D. over
10. I really like Joe's dad but I don't get ____ with his mother at all.
A. out B. by C. on D. through
11. You shouldn't stay at home so much. Get ____ and make new friends.
A. by B. out C. over D. away
12. A fruit that is fully-ripe is an example of a fruit that has reached ____.
A. development B. maturity C. mature D. growth
13. His teenage daughter is driving him crazy. He can't ____ her moods, her music, and her constant demand for
money.
A. keep up with B. go on with C. put up with D. put up to
14. It'll take me three years to ____ up enough money to travel round the country.
A. pay B. take C. put D. save
15. As soon as she came ____ after the operation, she asked for a drink of water.
A. across B. up C. round D. under
16. Bary has come ____ some good suggestions for raising the money we need.
A. onto B. up with C. round to D. across with
17. You must walk slowly if you want the children to ____ with.
А. keep up B. go on C. keep on D. come up
18. LinkedIn, a social media, is a great way to ____ your skills and experience.
A. highlight B. attend C. focus D. respect
19. I ____ everything in my bag three times but my keys were nowhere to be found.
A. went out B. went over C. looked for D. looked at
20. Can you remember what to do, or do you want me to go ____ it again?
A. by B. into C. past D. over
21. It was the third time in six months that the bank had been held ____.
A. over B. down C. up D. out
22. Having that accident has brought ____ a complete change in his attitude to other people.
A. in B. about C. up D. out
23. The light from the car ____ as it receded into the distance.
A. faded away B. seeped out C. rolled away D. shone out
24. Don't take my advice if you don't want to. You can do ____ you like.
A. although B. but C. like D. as
25. The president has failed to ____ grips with the two most important social issues of our time.
A. take B. take to C. get D. get to
26. It was so foggy that the climbers couldn't ____ out the nearby shelter.
A. run B. take C. break D. make
27. They are thinking of bringing ____ a law to make cyclists wear helmets.
A. on B. up C. in D. round
28. I take ____ everything I said about Paul. I realize now that it wasn't true.
A. on B. over C. in D. back
29. Although I'd never made a sandwich before, my first attempt turned ____ quite well.
A. over B. up C. out D. into
30. I always run ____ of money before the end of the month.
A. out B. back C. up D. down
C. READING
I. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
It can take a long time to become successful in your chosen field, however talented you are. One thing you
have to be (1) ____ of is that you will face criticism along the way. The world is (2) ____ of people who would
rather say something negative than positive. If you've made up your (3) ____ to achieve a certain goal, such as
writing a novel, (4) ____ the negative criticism of others prevent you from reaching your target, and let the
constructive criticism have a positive effect on your work. If someone says you're totally in the (5) ____ of talent,
ignore them. That's negative criticism. If (6) ____, someone advises you to revise your work and gives you a good
reason for doing so, you should consider their suggestions carefully. There are many film stars (7) ____ were once
out of work. There are many famous novelists who made a complete mess of their first novel - or who didn't, but
had to keep on approaching hundreds of publishers before they could get it (8) ____. Being successful does depend
on luck, to a (9) ____ extent. But things are more likely to (10) ____ well if you persevere and stay positive.
1. A. alert B. clever C. intelligent D. aware
2. A. overflowing B. full C. packed D. filled
3. A. idea B. brain C. thought D. mind
4. A. don't let B. shouldn't let C. won't let D. didn't let
5. A. absentee B. shortage C. missing D. lack
6. A. hence B. however C. whereas D. otherwise
7. A. which B. whom C. they D. who
8. A. publish B. to publish C. published D. publishes
9. A. plenty B. numerous C. definite D. certain
10. A. turn out B. sail through C. come into D. deal with
II. Read the following passage, choose the best answer for each question followed.
Choosing a career may be one of the hardest jobs you ever have, and it must be done with care. View a
career as an opportunity to do something you love, not simply as a way to earn a living. Investing the time and
effort to thoroughly explore your options can mean the difference between finding a stimulating and rewarding
career and move from job to unsatisfying job in an attempt to find the right one. Work influences virtually every
aspect of your life, from your choice of friends to where you live. Here are just a few of the factors to consider.
Deciding what matters most to you is essential to making the right decision. You may want to begin by
assessing your likes, dislikes, strengths, and weaknesses. Think about the classes, hobbies, and surroundings that
you find most appealing. Ask yourself questions, such as "Would you like to travel? Do you want to work with
children? Are you more suited to solitary or cooperative work?" There are no right or wrong answers; only you
know what is important to you. Determine which job features you require, which ones you would prefer, and
which ones you cannot accept. Then rank them in order of importance to you.
The setting of the job is one factor to take into account. You may not want to sit at a desk all day. If not,
there are diversity occupation - building inspector, supervisor, real estate agent - that involve a great deal of time
away from the office. Geographical location may be a concern, and employment in some fields in concentrated
in certain regions. Advertising job can generally be found only in large cities. On the other hand, many industries
such as hospitality, law education, and retail sales are found in all regions of the country.
If a high salary is important to you, do not judge a career by its starting wages. Many jobs, such as
insurance sales, offers relatively low starting salaries; however, pay substantially increases along with your
experience, additional training, promotions and commission. Don't rule out any occupation without learning more
about it. Some industries evoke positive or negative associations. The traveling life of a flight attendant appears
glamorous, while that of a plumber does not. Remember that many jobs are not what they appear to be at first,
and may have merits or demerits that are less obvious. Flight attendants must work long, grueling hours without
sleeps, whereas plumbers can be as highly paid as some doctors.
Another point to consider is that as you mature, you will likely develop new interests and skills that may
point the way to new opportunities. The choice you make today need not be your final one.
1. The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to ____.
A. questions B. answers C. features D. jobs
2. The word "that" in paragraph 4 refers to ____.
A. occupation B. the traveling life C. a flight attendant D. commission
3. According to paragraph 3, which of the following fields is NOT suitable for a person who does not want to live
in a big city?
A. plumbing B. law C. retail sales D. advertising
4. The word "assessing" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ____.
A. discovering B. considering C. measuring D. disposing
5. The word "evoke" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. agree on B. bring to mind C. be related to D. differ from
6. It can be inferred from the paragraph 3 that ____.
A. jobs in insurance sales are generally not well-paid.
B. insurance sales people can earn high salary later in their career.
C. people should constantly work toward the next promotion
D. a starting salary should be an important consideration in choosing a career.
7. The author states that "There are no right or wrong answers" in order to ____.
A. emphasize that each person's answers will be different.
B. show that answering the questions is a long and difficult process.
C. indicate that the answers are not really important.
D. indicate that each person's answers may change over time.
8. In paragraph 5, the author suggests that ____.
A. you may want to change careers at some time in the future.
B. as you get older, your career will probably less fulfilling.
C. you will be at your job for a lifetime, so choose carefully.
D. you will probably jobless at some time in the future.
9. Why does the author mention "long, grueling hours without sleeps" in paragraph 4?
A. To emphasize the difficulty of working as a plumber.
B. To contrast the reality of a flight attendant's job with most people's perception.
C. To show that people must work hard for the career they have chosen.
D. To discourage readers from choosing a career as a flight attendant.
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. There was no precedent for his falling out with his parents.
Never ______________________________________________________________________________
2. In spite of all the hardships in life, she managed to raise five children on her own.
Although ____________________________________________________________________________
3. Had it not been for your generosity, we couldn't have pulled off the event.
But for _____________________________________________________________________________
4. "I knew you were trouble all along, yet I couldn't resist loving you." said Lana to her boyfriend.
Lana told ____________________________________________________________________________
5. "Why not going to the cinema instead of that boring park?" he said.
He suggested ________________________________________________________________________
6. Angelina Jolie is the talented actress I admire the most.
There _______________________________________________________________________________
7. Sarah was totally devoted to her geographical project and took no notice of her friends.
Sarah dedicated ______________________________________________________________________
8. Tommy's really handsome but I wouldn't love him.
Handsome ___________________________________________________________________________
II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. "Are you going out tonight or not?" asked her dad.
Her dad _____________________________________________________________________________
2. You must have this fridge fixed, some water is leaking out of it.
This fridge needs _____________________________________________________________________
3. Although Lana was disabled, she could do almost anything.
Despite _____________________________________________________________________________
4. "I'm sorry that I couldn't come to your graduation party." said Randall's mother.
Randall's mother apologized ____________________________________________________________
5. After graduating from high school, John continued to study at the local university.
John went on _________________________________________________________________________
6. I've never read a novel before.
This ________________________________________________________________________________
7. Your room is not only smelly but also messy with so many discarded things.
Your room is both ____________________________________________________________________
8. I would help mom with making traditional sticky-rice cakes when I was still at home.
I used to ____________________________________________________________________________
 Unit 10. LIFELONG LEARNING
PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW
A. VOCABULARY
• adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ (a): thỏa đáng, phù hợp
• e-learning /ˈiː lɜːnɪŋ/ (n): hình thức học trực tuyến
• employable /ɪmˈplɔɪəbl/ (a): có thể được thuê làm việc
• facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ (v): tạo điều kiện thuận lợi
• flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ (n): tính linh động
• genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/ (n): thiên tài
• hospitality /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/ (n): lòng mến khách
• initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ (n): sáng kiến, tính chủ động trong công việc
• institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ (n): cơ quan, tổ chức
• interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ (n): sự tương tác
• lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ (a): suốt đời
• opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ (n): cơ hội
• overwhelming /ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/ (a): vượt trội
• pursuit /pəˈsjuːt/ (n): sự theo đuổi
• self-directed /sef-dəˈrektɪd/ (a): theo định hướng cá nhân
• self-motivated /ˌself ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ (a): có động lực cá nhân
• temptation /tempˈteɪʃn/ (n): sự lôi cuốn
• ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ (a): sau cùng, quan trọng nhất
• voluntarily /ˈvɒləntrəli/ (adv): một cách tự nguyện
B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. CONDITIONALS.
1. Type 0: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên.
a. Habit (Thói quen)
If + simple present tense ..., + simple present tense…
Ex: I usually walk to school if I have enough time.
b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh).
If + simple present tense ..., + command form of verb + ...
Ex: - If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.
- Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.
2. Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE (Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If S + V (simple present), S + will/shall + V ( nguyên thể)
Ex: If I have time, I will go.
3. Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + V.
Ex: I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world.
-> If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.
4. Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ)
If + S + had + VPP, S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2
Ex: I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early.
-> If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news.
5. Type 4: Câu điều kiện pha trộn
Form 1: Type 3 và Type 2
If + S + had + Vp2, S + would/ could/ might + V.
Ex: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice.
-> If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.
Form 2: Type 2 và Type 3
If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + have + Vp2
Ex: If I were him, I wouldn't have got married to her.
PART 2: PRACTICE
A. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. metal B. scatter C. package D. math
2. A. self-directed B. compulsory C. pursuit D. choosing
3. A. course B. courtesy C. source D. force
4. A. smell B. press C. melt D. refill
5. A. temptation B. interaction C. hospitality D. adequate
6. A. facilitate B. imitate C. negotiate D. initiative
7. A. those B. clothes C. shopping D. envelope
II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others.
1. A. polite B. penfriend C. shorthand D. breakdown
2. A. multimedia B. possibility C. telepathy D. interactive
3. A. opportunity B. enthusiasm C. informality D. independently
4. A. average B. candidate C. severely D. applicant
5. A. insurance B. reference C. consider D. available
B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. If I (have) ___________________ time, I will write to him.
2. If it's cold, 1 (need) ____________________ a heavier coat.
3. What are you going to do if you (have) ___________________ a holiday?
4. If I can go tomorrow, I (let) ___________________ you know.
5. If I should meet Helen, I (give) ___________________ her your message.
6. If flowers don't get any water, they (die) ___________________.
7. If I (get) ______________________ a headache, I usually take some aspirins.
8. I will go to the party unless it (rain) ___________________.
9. She will buy the car as long as it (not be) ___________________ too expensive.
10. Everything (be) ___________________ better provided you tell the truth.
11. If he (come) ___________________, please tell him that I'll be back in a few minutes.
12. Don't come if they (not call) ___________________ you.
13. If you (need) ___________________, why don't you tell me?
14. Suppose you (win) ___________________ a lot of money, what would you do?
15. If I got up earlier, I (not be) ___________________ late for work
II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. If I didn't feel so tired, I (go) ___________________ out with you.
2. If you (not pass) ___________________ the exam, would you take it again?
3. If I (be) ____________________ you, I would apply for the job.
4. I could repair the car if I (have) ___________________ the right tools.
5. If I (study) ___________________ hard, I would have passed the exam.
6. If I (not be) ___________________ busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
7. She (go) ___________________ to the university if she had had the opportunity.
8. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) ___________________ it?
9. If she hadn't been ill yesterday, she (go) ___________________ to work now.
10. If I (be) ____________________ you, I wouldn't have told him the truth yesterday.
11. If today were Monday, I (not go) ___________________ to work yesterday.
12. What would happen if you (not go) _____________________ to work tomorrow.
13. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be) ______________________ very tired now.
14. She must apologize to me or I ____________________ (never speak) to her again.
15. If he hadn't stayed up late, he ___________________ (not finish) his task yesterday.
III. Complete the sentences with because / as/ since/ it/ when, or so.
1. We decided to go out to eat ___________________ we had no food at home.
2. He has a very important job ___________________ he is particularly well-paid.
3. Can I borrow that book ___________________ you've finished it?
4. No one was watching the television ___________________ I switched it off.
5. ___________________ she changed a lot, we didn't recognize her.
6. ___________________ you've ready, we can start now.
7. I'm going away for a few days, I'll phone you ___________________ I get back.
8. You should inform the police ___________________ your bicycle is stolen.
9. Mathew went to bed ___________________ it was too late to go out.
10. ____________________ you drive without driving license, you're breaking the law.
11. _____________________ the weather was bad, they delayed their trip.
12. He will buy a new car ___________________ he saves up.
IV. Give the correct form of the verb given in the brackets.
1. My dad (not like) ___________________ coffee, he never ___________________ (drink) it.
2. Ba is short. He wishes he ____________________ (be) taller.
3. This house is empty. It ____________________ (not live) in for many years.
4. I hate ___________________ (get) up early in winter.
5. Traditionally, the ao dai ____________________ (wear) by both men and women.
6. This is my house. I ____________________ (live) here for 7 years.
7. I'm busy at the moment. I ____________________ (clean) the floor.
8. Where you ___________________ (spend) your holiday last summer?
9. I ___________________ (see) Nam while I ___________________ (go) to school yesterday.
10. My brother is a teacher. He ___________________ (work) in a school in the city centre.
V. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences.
1. Get involved outside your job area, in ______________________ committees, health and safety committees.
SOCIETY
2. She ______________________ did a lot of work for the Red Cross. VOLUNTARY
3. The equipment at the workplace was barely ____________________ to the job we had to do. ADEQUATED
4. Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton were great ___________________________ geniuses. SCIENT
5. Acquiring education is a lifelong _____________________, not just confined to schools and colleges.
PROCESSING
6. Recent research suggests that children born to teenage mothers are more likely to be poor, and to receive
inadequate _____________________ and education. HEALTH
7. It is hard to resist the ____________________ to buy a new car, but a used vehicle is much cheaper in the long
run. TEMPT
8. The job of ESL teacher is often described as that of a ____________________ of language use by learners in
the classroom. FACILY
9. In 1968, 80 percent of ____________________ women worked outside the home. EMPLOY
10. You shouldn't live merely in ________________________ of your own happiness. PURSUITING
VI. Each sentence has a mistake find and correct it.
1. How about having dinner and then go to the theater?
2. It's possible store solar energy for a number of days.
3. Our environment has become worse but there are many factors causing from men.
4. My recent electricity bill is enormous so I'm worried in it.
5. She turned on her radio at the lowest in order not to disturb the others at night.
6. The path was made by walkers where crossed the mountains some years ago.
7. Tan and his lovely cat which the police are finding disappeared last week.
8. Let me congratulate you on pass your exam to university
9. The woman who son is excellent in math lives next door to us.
10. Do you find Jack, that is a new student?
VII. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1. We all welcome the government's initiative to boost lifelong learning.
A. intention B. initial C. new plan D. prospect
2. His life is a rich source of inspiration for many writers and poets.
A. nuance B. hindrance C. discouragement D. encouragement
3. Lifelong learning can also help amend some of the weaknesses of the education system.
A. correct B. change C. develop D. intensify
4. A good lifelong learner can advance both at work and in life.
A. process B. progress C. precede D. recede
5. If you have the right qualifications and are good at English, you are very likely to get promoted.
A. elevated B. enlightened C. encouraged D. endorsed
6. What is your barrier to lifelong learning?
A. bar B. obstacle C. badge D. motivation
7. I am lucky to have a very supportive supervisor.
A. survivor B. manager C. saver D. protector
8. Upon the project completion, I was transferred to the sales department.
A. moved B. dismissed C. retrained D. translated
9. Our first priority is to offer free education to all people.
A. attention B. help C. concern D. aid
10. It is equal chance for everyone. No one should be given privilege.
A. time B. money C. disadvantage D. advantage
VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following
questions.
1 What he can't do is to make attendance compulsory, or threaten that non attendance will delay other
qualifications.
A. obligatory B. selective C. required D. mandatory
2. It just gave you a stronger motivation for doing what you already knew was right.
A. discouragement B. emotion C. feeling D. inspiration
3. The plans should remain flexible to accommodate changes in students' needs and circumstances.
A. fixed B. adjustable C. constant D. changeable
4. Having adequate funding is crucial throughout the leaning process.
A. abundant B. enough C. insufficient D. satisfactory
5. If children are inactive most of the time, it is very easy for them to gain weight.
A. put up B. loose C. lose D. put on
6. Those students who fail the National High School exams may want to retake them the following year.
A. pass B. fall C. sit D. take
7. A new school has just been set up for the kids in the area.
A. started B. established C. built D. demolished
8. Thanks to lifelong learning, people's level of awareness has improved significantly.
A. has increased B. has declined C. has gone up D. has bettered
9. The school picnic has been cancelled because of bad weather.
A. called off B. continued C. destroyed D. broken off
10. The teacher asked us to get on with the next exercise and he would be back in a while.
A. finish doing B. start doing C. continue doing D. stop doing
IX. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each unfinished sentence below.
1. We should do some thing to protect water from being polluted ____ we will have nothing to drink in the future.
A. if B. whether C. or D. unless
2. Hurry up! They've only got ____ seats left.
A. a few B. a little C. a lot of D. plenty of
3. I hope he doesn't keep us ____.
A. to wait B. waiting C. for waiting D. wait
4. These were the days ____ we were very happy,
A. that B. of which C. about which D. when
5. I turn down the job ____ the attractive salary.
A. because B. because of C. although D. despite
6. The scientists and engineers have become key figures in our modern ____ society.
A. industry B. industrial C. industrialize D. industrialization
7. He asked me ____.
A. since when I waited B. since when I am waiting
C. how long I have been waiting D. how long I had been waiting
8. She remembered the correct address only ____ she had posted the letter.
A. since B. afterward C. following D. after
9. His parents never allowed him ____.
A. smoking B. smoke C. to smoke D. some smoke
10. I didn't go to school yesterday ____ I was ill.
A. because B. and C but D. so
11 He will stay at home ____ it rains.
A. or B. however C. if D. but
12. That man lives next door, ____he?
A. does B. doesn't C. don't D. isn't
13. Mary wishes she ____ speak Vietnamese
A. can B. could C. should D. will
14. What is minimum entrance ____ for this course?
A. condition B. requirement C. certificate D. ability
15. The writer could not be at the ceremony, and his wife accepted the prize on his ____.
A. absence B. remembrance C. behalf D. reminder
16. If you had taken my advice, you ____ in such difficulties now.
A. wouldn't be B. won't be C. wouldn't have been D. hadn't been
17. If Jack had tried hard the last season, ____.
A. he would now be in the national team B. he is never in time for the match
C. he will now be in the national team D. he has never been in time for the match
18. One of the most forgotten ____ of education is to teach students how they can learn on their own.
A. directions B. subjects C. objects D. aims
19. When the post finally fell ____. They offered it to Brian.
A. vacant B. vacantly C. vacancy D. vacancies
20. Today's online world is full of opportunities for all of us to ____ our own learning path.
A. discover B. determine C. control D. influence
21. Is English a compulsory subject or a(n) ____ one at high school here?
 A. obligatory B. mandatory C. obliging D. optional
22. We ____ won the game if we'd had a few more minutes.
A. had B. could have C. have D. will
23. If Nam hadn't quarreled with the bad boys at school, he ____ a black eye.
A. won't have had B. hadn't had C. would have had D. wouldn't have had
24. As a university student you are expected to take responsibility for your on learning and be ____.
A. self-aware B. self-centered C. self-absorbed D. self-directed
25. If you understand a matter thoroughly, that means you understand it ____.
A. hardly B. hard C. completely D. scarcely
26. "Education is not ________ for life; education is life itself," said John Dewey.
A. arrangement B. agreement C. preparation D. contribution
27. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ____ it.
A. would never have believed B. don't believe
C. hadn't believed D. can't believe
28. What ____ you do if you saw a UFO?
A. will B. do C. would D. can
29. Nobody came here yesterday, ____?
A. didn't they B. didn't he C. did he D. did they
30. Do you remember the name of the girl ____ we met at the party last night?
A. which B. where C. who D. whom
C. READING
I. Choose the best answer to complete the text.
Most people (1) ____ learning with formal education at school, college, university etc. We are all told,
from an early age, that we should get a good education'. Generally speaking, it is true that a formal education and
the resulting qualifications are important. Education may (2) ____ our potential to find better, more satisfying
jobs, earn more and perhaps, become more successful in our chosen career.
However, 'schooling' is only one type of learning. There are many other opportunities to further your (3)
____ and develop the skills you need throughout life. Knowledge can be acquired and skill sets developed
anywhere - learning is unavoidable and happens all the (4) ____. However, lifelong learning is about creating and
maintaining a positive attitude to learning both for personal and professional development.
Lifelong learners are self-motivated to learn and develop because they want to. (5) ____ learning can
enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and better opportunities and improve
our quality of life. People learn for personal development and for professional (6) ____. There are many reasons
why people learn for personal development. You may want to increase your knowledge or (7) ____ around a
particular hobby or pastime that you enjoy. Perhaps you want to develop some entirely new skill that will in some
way enhance your life – take a pottery (8) ____ car mechanic course for example. Perhaps you want to research
a medical condition or your ancestry.
If you do find yourself unemployed, then use the time wisely. Learning something new can pay off with
new opportunities which might not otherwise have (9) ____. While you are employed, take advantage of training,
coaching or mentoring opportunities and work on your continuous professional development as you will likely
(10) ____ better at what you do and more indispensable to your current or future employer.
1. A. allow B. associate C. express D. communicate
2. A. possess B. affect C. limit D. maximise
3. A. knowledge B. height C. ability D. top
4. A. path B. present C. time D. future
5. A. Inclusion B. Combination C. Spirit D. Lifelong
6. A. unemployment B. development C. illnesses D. tiredness
7. A. skills B. partnership C. business D. group
8. A. but B. because C. or D. so
9. A. stretched B. offered C. extended D. arisen
10. A. cause B. become C. support D. save
II. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions from 1 to 8.
Successful students often do the followings while studying. First, they have an overview before reading.
Next, they look for important information and pay greater attention to it (which often needs jumping forward or
backward to process information). They also relate important points to one another. Also, they activate and use
their prior knowledge. When they realize that their understanding is not good, they do not wait to change
strategies. Last, they can monitor understanding and take action to correct or "fix up" mistakes in comprehension.
Conversely students with low academic achievement often demonstrate ineffective study skills. They tend
to assume a passive role in learning and rely on others (eg, teachers, parents) to monitor their studying, for
example, low achieving students often do not monitor their understanding of content they may not be aware of
the purpose of studying, and they show little evidence of looking back, or employing "fix-up strategies to fix
understanding problems. Students who struggle with learning new information seem to be unaware that they must
extent effort beyond simply reading the content to understand and remember it. Children with learning disabilities
do not plan and judge the quality of their studying. Their studying may be disorganized. Students with learning
problems face challenges with personal organization as well. They often have difficulty keeping track of materials
and assignments, following directions, and completing work on time. Unlike good studiers who employ a variety
of study skills in a flexible yet purposeful manner, low-achieving students use a restricted range of study skills.
They cannot explain why good study strategies are important for learning, and they tend to use the same, often
ineffective study approach for all learning tasks, ignoring task content, structure or difficulty.
1. In compared with low-achieving students, successful students use ____.
A. aimless study techniques B. various study skills
C. restricted strategies D. inflexible study ways
2. The underlined pronoun "They" in the last sentence refers to ____.
A. study strategies B. study skills C. low-achieving students D. good studiers
3. The word "prior" in the first paragraph is closest meaning to ____.
A. important B. earlier C. forward D. good
4. Which of the following could best replace the word "Conversely" in paragraph 2?
A. On the contrary B. In contrast C. On the other hand D. all are correct
5. According to the passage, what can be learnt about passive students?
A. They depend on other people to organize their learning.
B. They are slow in their studying.
C. They monitor their understanding.
D. They know the purpose of studying.
6. Which of the followings is NOT an evidence of monitoring studying?
A. Being aware of the purpose of studying B. Monitoring their understanding of content
C. Fixing up mistakes in understanding D. Looking at their backs
7. According to the passage, to learn new information, low-achieving students do NOT ____.
A. just understand it B. relate it to what they have known
C. simply remember it D. read it
8. What is the topic of the passage?
A Successful and low-academic achieving students
B. Successful learners and their learning strategies
C. Study skills for high school students
D. Effective and ineffective ways of learning
IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8.
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education.
Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction
between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can
take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the
formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education
can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished
scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance
conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are
engaged in education in infancy. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process
that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from
one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take
assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of
reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government,
have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subjects being taught. For example, high school students know
that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what
the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process
of schooling.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The best school teach a wide variety of subject.
B. Education and schooling are quite different experiences.
C. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework.
D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is.
2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to
school” in paragraph 1?
A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial.
B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year.
C. Summer school makes the school year too long.
D. All of people's life is an education.
3. The word "chance" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. unexpected B. usual C. passive D. lively
4. The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers ____.
A. slices of reality B. similar textbooks C. boundaries D. seats
5. The phrase "For example" in paragraph 3, introduces a sentence that gives examples of ____.
A. similar textbooks. B. the results of schooling.
C. the workings of a government. D. the boundaries of the subjects.
6. The passage support which of the following conclusions?
A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant.
B. Education systems need to be radically reformed.
C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated.
D. Education involves many years of professional training.
7. The passage is organized by ____.
A. listing and discussing several educational problems.
B. contrasting the meanings of two related words.
C. narrating a story about excellent teacher.
 D. giving examples of different kinds of schools.
8. The writer seem to agree that ____.
A. Schooling is more important than education.
B. Education is not as important as schooling.
C. Schooling is unlimited and more informal.
D. Education is more influential than schooling.
D. WRITING
I. Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
1. I don't buy it because I don't have enough money.
If I _________________________________________________________________________________
2. I didn't buy it because I didn't have enough money.
I would _____________________________________________________________________________
3. There was a test yesterday. I didn't know that, so I didn't study for it.
If I _________________________________________________________________________________
4. I'm busy right now, so I can't help you.
I could ______________________________________________________________________________
5. He's very thin, that's why he feels the cold so much.
If he _______________________________________________________________________________
6. I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
If I _________________________________________________________________________________
7. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.
Unless ______________________________________________________________________________
8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.
Unless ______________________________________________________________________________
9. If you don't like this one, I'll bring you another.
Unless ______________________________________________________________________________
10. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder.
Unless ______________________________________________________________________________
II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.
1. I spent 2 hours trying to learn how to use the washing machine.
It __________________________________________________________________________________
2. "Come on, give it a try, Hannah!" said her friend.
Hannah's friend _______________________________________________________________________
3. It was completely wrong of you to leave the children near all those wild animals like that.
You should __________________________________________________________________________
4. Although Nancy was short-sighted, she didn't wear glasses at classes.
In spite _____________________________________________________________________________
5. The doctor say you'd better cut down on your intake of sugar or you'll end up having diabetes.
It is the doctor's recommendation ________________________________________________________
6. "Please have mercy on me, take it easy on my heart." said her ex.
Her ex begged ________________________________________________________________________
7. I do some kinds of menial work for a living.
I live _______________________________________________________________________________
8. It is not very likely that they will make it to the end.
There _______________________________________________________________________________