CHARLEMAGNE - is the holy Roman MICHEAL ANGELO - designed the dome of
Emperor during the eighth and ninth the st. Peter’s basilica
centuries
ROCOCO - decorative style flourished in
TROMPE- L’OEIL - is highly realistic visual France, c. 1702-1780 and is characterized
illusion in art, used to trick the eye into by asymmetry of motifs use of pastel colors,
perceiving a painted detail as a three foliage motifs, elaborateness and
dimensional object. extravagance
RENAISSANCE - architectural period BRUTALISM - style which derives its name
derives its name from the term “ La from the french “ beton brut”, meaning raw
rinascita” which means “Rebirth” concrete
- the period was first developed in
Florence, Italy and centered around LEONARDO DAVINCI - famous artist
humanism. architect, engineer and inventor who drew
the “Virtruvian man”
CHATEAU - is a large french country
house or mansion POST-MODERNISMS - architectural style
which is characterized by playfulness,
RINCEAU - a decorative motif consisting of whimsical forms, bright colors and classical
a wavy stem-like form from which smaller motifs, with a new twist
leaf stems or leaves branch out.
BAROQUE - architectural style known for
A stylized lily that is used as a its dynamic and ornate design, scroll motifs,
decorative design, also symbolizes oval and complex architectural plan forms.
france is called FLEUR-DE-LIS
FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI - he designed
the santa maria novella church and put into
EARLY RENAISSANCE - occurred
writing the principles of linear perspective
between ca. 1400-1500 and is also
known as the quattrocento. FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI - was the
architect-engineer who invented machines
the first architect commissioned for the expressly to aid in constructing the dome of
rebuilding of the st. Peter basilica, rome, the florence cathedral ( the duomo)
under pope julius ll is DONATO
BRAMANTE THE KEEP - the largest tower and best
stronghold of the castle
PALLADIAN STYLE - an architectural style
CURVING FORM- is a characteristic of
movement attributed to the most influential
baroque which includes oval shapes
architect in the 16th century
and a combination of concave and
convex forms that make walls seem to GIAN LORENZO BERNINI - he is best
undulate or appear wavy. known for his work on the “ scala regia” at
the st. Peter’s basilica a
SOLOMONIC COLUMN - is also known
as twisted column ROMANESQUE - architectural period that
was a product of the great expansion of
MODERNISM - A avant-garde movement or monasticism in the 10th -11th century
style known for gleaming lacquered architectural style in the latio medieval
surfaces, zigzags, geometric forms and period, characterized by its vertically,
patterns. structural elements
ANDREA PALLADIO- is regarded as the GOTHIC - originated in Europe's middle
most influential architect of the 16th century ages. It is characterized by vertical
and is the author of “I quattro libri proportions, pointed arches, external
dell’architettura (the four books of buttressing, and asymmetry
architecture)
GARGOYLE - romanesque motif projecting HAMMER BEAM - roof system introduced
from the gutter f a building, typically acting in the english gothic as a response to the
as a spout to convey water away from the lack of long-straight seasoned timber.
roof and away and sides of the structure
CLOISTER- is a covered walk in a convent,
BRAMANTE - architect of the “tempietto of collage, or cathedral, religious institution
san pedro” typically a with a wall on one side
NEOCLASSICAL - architectural period the cathedral of st. Dennis was the first
which reverted to the greek and roman notable cathedral of EARLY GOTHIC
classic styles and is characterized by
simplicity of geometric forms and preference CROSSING -is a part of the cathedral
for blank walls where the nave and transept intersects
MONASTERY - this is a building or group of RIBBED VAULTING - system developed
buildings occupied by a community of during gothic period
monka living under religious
Gothic style is originated from the western
POMPEII - ancient roman city was buried european country, FRANCE
under volcanic ash and was discovered in
the 18th century MONASTERY- is a building/ group of
buildings occupied by a community of
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE - was the monks.
architect with the design philosophy of “less
is more” STONE - was used as a material for the
romanesque vaulting system
FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT - famous
architecture who designed the guggenheim REFECTORY - is a room used for
known for “organic architecture” communal meals in an educational of
religious institution
EMPIRE STYLE - the building practices of
their mother country and adapted to the new MOAT- is the perimeter ditch in a castle
homeland complex, either dry or filled with water
SKIDMORE, OWINGS, AND MERRIL - the
international architectural firm famous for
designing various of those in power CUSHION CAPITAL - byzantine
architecture
LOUIS SULLIVAN - known as the “ father of GARGOYLE- romanesque
skyscrapers”, and his design philosophy of RIBBED VAULT- gothic architecture
“form follows function” GROIN VAULT- gothic architecture
CHICAGO - place destroyed by fire in 1871 ARCHITECTS OF ST. PETER’S BASILICA
, and became the birthplace of the IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER:
“skyscrapers”
1. Donato Bramante (1444–1514)
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE - he utilized 2. Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
architecture as a way to commemorable his (1484–1546)
victories and expand power. 3. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475–1564)
4. Giacomo Della Porta (c. 1533–1602)
WALTER GROPIUS - was the founder of 5. Carlo Maderno (1556–1629)
the Bauhaus Design school 6. Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680)
7. Pietro da Cortona (1596–1669)
BENEDICTINE - is a monastic order that 8. Carlo Fontana (1634–1714)
had a great influence during romanesque 9. Giovanni Battista Nolli (1701–1756)
period 10. Carlo Maderno (1750–1820)
The space between the sloping roof over BENJAMIN LATROBE
the aisle and the aisle vaulting is the CHARLES BULFINCH
TRIFORIUM
- THIS 3 DESIGNED THE HIS
Block of stone from wall often elaborately CAPITOL
carved or molded, supporting any WASHINGTON DE
incumbent weight is a CORBEL
HELM - is a type of roof in which four pages What style of architecture was also called
rest diagonally between the gables and the era of the cathedrals?
converge at the top. GOTHIC STYLE
CATHEDRAL - is a term applied to the
episcopal church of the diocese and also From which western European country did
the important structure of the gothic the Gothic Style originate?
FRANCE
During the tudor period of the english gothic
architectural activity was geared towards What material was used for the romanesque
DOMESTIC vaulting system
STONE
TIERCERON - was the intermediate ribs
between the main ribs of a gothic vault. The cathedral of st denis was the first
notable cathedral of which style?
CROCKET- is a projecting block or split of GOTHIC STYLE
stone carved with foliage to decorate the
raking lines formed by angles of spires and What is the most basic form of the castle
canopies complex called?
MOTTE AND BAILEY
The Upper portion of the pinnacle , bench
end, or other architectural feature is a Which vaulting system was developed
FINIAL during the gothic period?
RIBBED VAULT
PINNACLE - is a small turret like
termination on the top buttresses, parapets What feature was used to disguise the
or elsewhere often ornamented with massiveness of the gothic piers?
blinches of foliage called crockets CLUSTERED COLUMNS OR SHAFTS
ARCHITECTURE OF NEOCLASSICAL This part of the cathedral is where the nave
and transept intersect.
LUIGI VANVITELLI - the most prominent CROSSING
18th century architect of italy; designed the
palace of caserta
EXAMPLE PICTURES NG :
FERNANDO FUGA- DESIGNED THE
PALAZZO DELLA CONSULTA, PALAZZO Rosette
CORSINI I THE CHURCH OF
SANT'APOLLINARE.
CLAUDE - NICOLAS LEDONX -
DESIGNED TIE NEW WALL
AROLINO THO CITY OF PARIS WITM DO
CUSTOM POSTS. Fleur-de-lis
THOMAS JEFFERSON - DESIGNED THE
VIRGINIA STATE CAPITOL AND
MONTICELLO
WILLIAM THORNTON:
Egg and dart
Shell motif
Foliate motif
Segmental pediment
Corbel
Neo-classical
Groin Vault
Solomonic column
Ribbed Vault
Estipite column
Fan Vault
Scroll
* 1870 - 1920 - skyscraper (great fire in
chicago 1871)
* 1920-40 - art deco skyscraper
VITRUVIUS- FAMOUS FOR ASSERTING * 1925-00 - modernist
MS BOOK "DE ARCHITECTURA" THAT A * 1970s - present - post-modern
STRUCTURE MUST EXHIBIT THREE
QUALITIES FIRMITASS, UTILITATIS, colonial architecture - used by the first
VENUSTATIS. settlers in north america includes spanish,
english, scot-irish, dutch german, french,
and swedish.
● VITRUVIAN TRIAD • spanish colonial
- based on baroque architecture.
FIRMITATIS, = STABILITY - mid-17th century onwards.
LTLITARS: LALITY - earliest to appear in america.
VENLISTATIS = BEAUTY • new england
- characterized by oak frames & clapboard
NEOCLASSICAL WAS A CHILD OF THE siding.
AGE OF REASON. PHILOSOPHER - based on English models.
BELIEVED THAT WE WOULD BE ABLE • dutch
TO CONTROL OUR DESTINED BY - more visible bricks.
LEARNING FROM & FOLLOWING THE - prototypes in Flanders and holland.
LAWS OF NATURE.
• SWEDISH
NEOCLASSIC WAS BORN IN ROME - SEEN ALONG THE LOWER DELAWARE
LARGELY THANKS TO THE WRONG OF RIVER
JOHANN JOACHIM WINCKLEMANN. - LOG CABIN DESIGN WAS DERIVED.
- ROUND LOGS WITH PROTRUDING
• LATE 18TH & EARLEY 19TH. CENTURY. ENDS.
• CHARACTERIZED BY GRANDEUR DE
SCALE, SIMPLICITY OF GEOMETRIC • PENNSYLVANIA COLONIAL
FORMS, GREEK DORIC / ROMAN - ENGLISH PROTOTYPES
DETAIL, DRAMATIC USE OF COLUMNS, & - MORPHED INTO SOPHISTICATED
A PREFERENCE FOR BLANK WALLS GEORGIAN - TYPE.
THE BALTIMORE BASILICA IS • FRENCH
CONSIDERED ONE OF THE FINEST INTRODUCED QUEBEC STYLE AROUND
EXAMPLE OF NEO CLASSICAL. THE GREAT LAKES * MISSISSIPPI
REGION.
• THREE MAIN VARIATIONS OF - FROM NORTHERN MARITIME
NEO-CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE. PROVINCES IN CANADA, QUEBEL AST.
- CLASSIC BLOCK - LAWRENCE VALLEY
SQUARE/RECTANGULAR FOOTPRINT,
FLAT ROOF, RICH IN DETS. • SOUTHERN
- TEMPLE INSPIRED FROM ANCIENT = BRICK BUILT STRUCTURES WITH
GREECE & ROME. LARGE PROBOONG
- PALLADIAN SYMMETRY & CHIMNEYS
PERSPECTIVE OF CLASSICAL ARCHI. - SPRANG IN VIRGINIA & THE
ROBERT ADAM & JOHN SOANE, WAS CAROLINAS.
TILE FOUNDER OF NEOCLASSICAL.
GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE. IN
AMERICA - 18TH CENTURY, UP UNTIL
american architecture AMERICAN REVOLUTION ; AFTER THE 3
timeline MONARCHS, GEORGE I, II X III.
* 1600 - 1720 - colonial architecture
* 1700 - 1770 - georgian • THE BAROQUE IDIOM
* 1776 - 1920 - neo-classical - SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN X HIS
* 1800 - 1900 - gothic revival FOLLOWERS
* 1850 - 1905 - frontier
* 1835 - 1880 - second empire • PALLADIAN OF RENAISSANCE
- THE WHITE MOUSE (MOST FAMOUS
GEORGIAN-PALLADIAN)- INVENTED BY - CARPENTER'S GOTHIC REFER TO THE
ANDREA PALLADIO I INTRODUCE THE DOMESTIC STRUCTURE OF TITIS
BALANCED & SYMMETRICAL PERIOD.
FEATURES.
- ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL IN NYC bY
• NEO CLASSICAL STYLE AR. JAMES RENWICK
- REVERSION OF GREEK AND ROMAN FRONTIER - VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE MOSTLY IN THE WEST;
HOMESTEAD ACT OF 1862.
PRINCIPLES S 2ND HALF OF THE 18TH
CENTURY. NON- VERNACULAR STYLES:
NEOCLASSICAL * QUEEN ANNE STYLE - THE
RENAISSANCE STYLE POPULAR
• FEDERAL DURING REIGN
OF ENGLAND
- LOOSE CLASSICIST STYLE (UP
TO 1815) QUEEN ANNE ( 1702-1774)
- STEEP ROOF WITH CROSS
- ANTIQUE FEATURES; GREEK & GABLES
BYZANTINE ELEMENTS TO THE - ASYMMETRICAL FRONT FACADE
SYMMETRICAL GEORGIAN STYLE - EXPENSIVE PORCH WITH
DECORATIVE WOOD
- BRIGHT INTERIORS, LARGE - ROUND/POLYGONAL FRONT
WINDOWS. A DECORATIVE BUT CORNER TOWER WITH A
RESTRAINED APPEARÁNCE. CONICAL ROOF
CARPENTER'S GOTHIC; STICK -
- FACTLAKE
DIFFERENCE FROM GEORGIAN - SHINGLE STYLE
● FEWER COLUMNS SECOND EMPIRE COINCIDED WITH THE
EMPIRE OF FRENCH:
● PLAINER SURFACE & LESS
DETAILS EMPEROR NAPOLEON III
- MONSARO ROOF ; NAMED AFTER
● SET WITHIN PANELS, TABLETS & FRANCOIS MONSANT
FRIEZES - DORMER WINDOWS
- SQUAREO TOWERS
• GREEK REVIVAL MOVEMENT - PAIRED COLUMNS (TO IMPROVE
HEIGHT)
- EXPRESSION DE THE AMERICAN - OFTEN HAD A SIMPLE BOX FORM,
RENAISSANCE MOVEMENT (1880-19/8) SQUARE / RECTANGULAR A HIGHLY
SYMMETRICAL
- FINAL PHASE WAS BEAUX- ARTS
(1885-1920)
- LINCOLN MEMORIAL (1921), THE
NATIONAL GALLERY IN WASHINGTON SKYSCRAPER - THE CHICAGO SCHOOL
D.C (1931) & THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF ARCHITECTURES IN 1871
OF NATURAL HISTORY ( 1936). CHICAGO WAS DESTROYED BY A
GREAT - FIRE.
GOTHIC REVIVAL - CONSERVATIVE
RESPONSE TO NEOCLASSICISM. • THE CITY WAS REBUILT IN STONE A
STREL S THE HISTORY OF
SEDGLEY MANSION - THE FIRST SKYSCRAPER CONSTRUCTION.
GOTHIC STYLE BUILDING IN AMERICA;
BUILT BY AR. BENJAMIN LATROBE (1198)
• CHICAGO BECAME THE BIRTHPLACE
OF THE SKYSCRAPER & STEEL • CHARACTERIZED BY :
FRAMEWORK * EMPHASIS ON VOLUME
* ASYMMETRICAL COMPOSITIONS
• CHICAGO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE * MINIMAL-TO NO ORNAMENTATION
REFERS TO THE INNOVATIONS
WORKED OUT BY, ARCHITECTS & - NEW TYPE OF FUNCTIONAL DESIGN
- INFLUENTIAL MODERNIST
•ENGINEERS INVOLVED IN THE CITY'S ARCHITECTS:
RE CONSTRUCTION. *LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE - "LESS
* LOUIS SULLIVAN - THE FATHER OF IS MORI"
SKYSCRAPER- * WALTER GROPHIUS- BAUHAUS
* WILLIAM LE BARON VENNEY DESIGN SCHOOL.
* DANIEL HUDSON BURNHAM * LOUIS KAHN - COMBINING
* DANKMAR ADLER MODERNISM WITH THE WEIGHT A
DIGNITY OF ANCIENT MONUMENTS.
• WAINWRIGHT BUILDING BY ADLER A
SULLIVAN •IMPORTANT MODERNIST:
* FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT DESIGNED
ART: DECO SKYSCRAPER - SHORT FOR GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM
THE FRENCH ARES DECORATIES j * RICHARD NEUTRA
BEGAN SPECIFICALLY AS A * EERO SAARINEN- TWA TERMINAL AT
SKYSCRAPER STYLE. JFK INT'L AIRPORT.
* PHILIP JOHNSON: "GLASS HOUSE"
• BETWEEN TIE END OF WORLD WAR I X * LE CORBUSIER - "A HOUSE IS A
TIE COLLAPSE OF NEW YORK STOCK MACHINE FOR LIVING"
EXCHANGE 1929.
• SOM ARCHITECTS:
PREVIOUSLY AS "VERTICAL STYLE" * LOUIS SKIDMORI
* AVANT - GARDE KNOWN FOR: * JOHN MERILL
* GEOMETRIC FORMS Y PATTERNS * NATHANIEL OWINGS
* VENEERED SURFACES
* ZIGZAG & FLORAL PATTERNS • INTERNATIONAL STYLE PURIST STYLE
* INFLUENCES FROM EGYPT OF MODERNISM
* SLEEK, STREAMLINED • RECEIVE ITS NAME FROM
* NOT MINIMALIST "INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF
MODERN ARCHITECTURE" (1932)
EXPLORED NEW BUILDING MATERIALS • CURATORS OF THE EXHIBIT:
* STUCCO * ARCH'L HISTORIAN HENRY-RUSSEL
× CTREL HITCHCOCK
* CHROME AND ALUMINUM VECO
* DECORATIVE GLASS VERTICAL * AR. PHILIP JOHNSON
WINDOWS
* TERRA - COTTA
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
- CHRYSLER BUILDING (1930) -
BY AR. WILLIAM VAN ALLEN
- THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING
*DESIGNED BY SHRIMP, LAMB A
HARMON
* BUILT BETWEEN 1930 x 1931
MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE ATTEMPT
TO CREATE A NEW DESIGN "MODERN
MAN"; EMBRACED MINIMALISM.
