Kinetic Particle Theory

1. A sample of a pure compound is heated until it is completely molten and the compound is then
allowed to cool until it is completely solid again.
The graph shows how the temperature of the compound changes with time.

When are liquid and solid both present?

[ANS]
A P to Q and R to S
B P to Q
C Q to R
D R to S
2. In which conversion do H2O molecules lose speed?
[ANS]

A Ice → water
B Ice →steam
C Steam → ice
D Water → steam
3. What happens when sodium chloride melts?
[ANS]
A Covalent bonds in a giant lattice are broken.
B Electrons are released from atoms.
C Electrostatic forces of attraction between ions are overcome.
D Molecules are separated into ions.
4. The conical flask contains compound X which is present in the solid, liquid and gaseous states.

Which statement is correct?

A Energy is released when X changes from liquid to solid
B A gaseous X molecule has a lower mass than a liquid X molecule.
C Liquid X is at a higher temperature than solid X.
D Liquid X molecules vibrate about fixed positions
5. The table shows the melting and boiling points of four pure substances.
At room temperature, which substance is a liquid and rapidly evaporates if left exposed to air?
Substance Melting Boiling
points /oC points /oC
A –100 –35
B –7 58
C –6 225
D 44 280
1. Which graph shows the temperature altering as steam at 110 oC is cooled to –10 oC?

6. The experiment is set up as shown and left until there is no further change.

What is observed?
A a colourless layer below a purple layer
B a colourless liquid with the purple crystal unchanged
C a purple layer below a colourless layer
D a uniformly purple solution
7. In a sample of air at 25 oC, the molecules of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide all move with
different average speeds.
 Which of the following lists the molecules in order of decreasing average speed?
[ANS]

8 The apparatus shown in the diagram was set up.

Over a period of time how will the water level at X change?

A It will fall, then rise and return to X.
B It will fall and remain at a lower level.
C It will rise, then fall then return to X.
D It will rise and remain at a higher level.

9. The cover plate was removed from the gas jars in the diagram. After several days, the color of the
gas was the same in both jars.

Which statement explains this change?

A Oxygen and bromine gases have equal densities.
 B Oxygen and bromine molecules are in random motion.
C Oxygen and bromine molecules diffuse at the same rate.
D Equal volumes of oxygen and bromine contain equal number of molecules.
10 A 50 cm3 sample of alcohol is mixed with 50 cm3 of water.

The volume of the mixed alcohol and water is found to be 97 cm3.

Which of the following is the best explanation?
A Alcohol molecules fit into gaps between water molecules.
B Some alcohol molecules evaporate.
C Water and alcohol react to form a gas which escapes.
D Water and alcohol react to produce a salt which then dissolves.
11. Which of the following correctly describes the particles in a dilute sugar solution at room
temperature?

Sugar Water
molecules molecules
A Widely Close together,
separated, moving at
moving at random
random
B Widely Close together,
separated, not moving
moving at
random
C Widely Widely
separated, not separated,
moving moving at
random
D Close together, Close together,
moving at moving at
random random
12 A beaker of nitrogen is inverted over a porous pot containing carbon monoxide as shown.

The water level does not change. What is the reason for this?
[ANS]
A Both gases are diatomic.
B Nitrogen is an un-reactive gas.
C The gas particles are too large to pass through the porous pot.
D The two gases have the same relative molecular mass.
13 By which process does the smell of cooking spread to all the rooms in a house?

A Decomposition
B Diffusion
C Displacement
D Distillation
14 Methylamine, CH3NH2 (Mr = 31), and hydrogen chloride, HCl (Mr = 36.5) are both gases which
are soluble in water.
The gases react together to form a white solid, methylammonium chloride.
In an experiment to demonstrate rates of diffusion the following apparatus is set up. Where will
the white solid form?
15 Which property of a gas affects the rate at which it spreads throughout a laboratory?
A Boiling point
B Molecular mass
C Reactivity
D Solubility in water

16 Four identical gas jars are filled with different gases.

The lids are taken off the gas jars, and they are left to the air for a few hours.
Which gas jar will then have the most air in it?

[ANS]
17 The conical flask contains compound X which is present in the solid, liquid and gaseous states.

Which statement is correct?

A Energy is released when X changes from liquid to solid
B A gaseous X molecule has a lower mass than a liquid X molecule.
C Liquid X is at a higher temperature than solid X.
D Liquid X molecules vibrate about fixed positions

2. What can be deduced about two gases that have the same molecular mass?
A They have the same solubility in water at room temperature.
B They have the same boiling point.
C They have the same number of atoms in one molecule.
 D They have the same rate of diffusion at room temperature and pressure.

Atomic Structure
1. What can be deduced about two gases that have the same molecular mass?
A They have the same solubility in water at room temperature.
B They have the same boiling point.
C They have the same number of atoms in one molecule.
D They have the same rate of diffusion at room temperature and pressure.
2. What is the definition of nucleon (mass) number?
A The mass in grams of an atom
B The number of electrons in an atom
C The number of nuclei in a molecule
D The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
3. The atoms 3115P and 3216S have the same
A nucleon number.
B number of electrons.
C number of neutrons.
D number of protons.
4. An element X has two isotopes, 238X and 235X.

How does 238X differ from 235X?

[ANS]
A It has 3 more protons and 3 more electrons.
B It has 3 more protons, but no more electrons.
C It has 3 more neutrons and 3 more electrons.
D It has 3 more neutrons, but no more electrons.

2 An atom of element X is represented by 73X.

Which statement about an atom of X is correct?
A It is in Group III of the Periodic Table.
B It is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
C The total number of protons and electrons is 6.
 D The total number of protons and neutrons is 10.
3 The letters X, Y and Z represent different atoms.

What can be deduced from the proton numbers and nucleon numbers of X, Y and Z?
A A X and Y are the same element.
B B X and Z are the same element.
C C X has more protons than Y.
D D Z has more neutrons than Y.
4 An element X has two isotopes, which may be represented as 238X and 235X.
How does 238X differ from 235X?
A It has 3 more protons and 3 more electrons.
B It has 3 more protons, but no more electrons.
C It has 3 more neutrons and 3 more electrons.
D It has 3 more neutrons, but no more electrons.
5 The formulae of the ions of four elements are shown below.
O2– F– Li+ Mg2+
Which statement about these ions is correct?
They all have
[ANS]
A the same number of electrons in their outer shells.
B the same electronic structure as a noble gas.
C the same number of protons in their nuclei.
D more electrons than protons.
6 Which of the following contains the same number of electrons as an atom of neon?
A Cl– B Li C Li+ D O2–
3. Which ion has the most shells that contain electrons?
A Al3+
B Be2+
C N3–
D S2–
4. The diagram shows the arrangement of electrons in a particle.
 What is the symbol for the particle?
A N3–
B O2–
C F–
D Ne
5. Which graph shows the number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom, plotted against the
proton (atomic) number for the first ten elements in the Periodic Table?

6. What happens when a copper atom becomes a copper(II) ion?

A It is oxidized by losing two electrons.
B It is oxidized by gaining two electrons.
C It is reduced by gaining two electrons.
D It is reduced by losing two electrons.
7. A researcher notices that atoms of an element X are releasing energy.
Why does this happen?
A The atoms are affected by light.
B The atoms are radioactive.
C The atoms react with argon in the air.
D The atoms are evaporating
8. Which pair of substances are isotopes?
12 14
A 6C and 6C
B carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
C diamond and graphite
D C2H4 and C3H6
Structure and properties ,Macromolecules
1 In which pair of substances, does each have a giant molecular structure?

A diamond, iodine

B diamond, silica (sand)

C iodine, methane

D methane, silica (sand)

2 Which substance does not have a macromolecular structure?
A Diamond
B Graphite
C Silicon dioxide
D Sodium chloride
3 Which of the following describes the structure of diamond?
A A giant structure of atoms bonded covalently
B A regular arrangement of oppositely charged ions
C Layers of rings of atoms
D Positively charged ions surrounded by a ‘sea of electrons’
4 The properties of two varieties of an element are shown in the table.
Variety 1 Variety 2
Colorless solid Black solid
Hard Soft
Cannot conduct electricity Conducts electricity

What do these descriptions of the two varieties indicate?

A They are allotropes of the same element
B They are isotopes of the same element
C They are isomers of the same substances
D They are members of the same homologous series
5 Graphite is used to make
A Glass C Electrical wiring
B Cutting tools D Electrodes
6 Which diagram represents the structure of quartz, SiO2?
7 Which of the following is composed of silicon dioxide?
A Glass
B Mica
C Silicone plastic
D Quartz

8 In which substance is each carbon atom covalently bonded to only three other atoms?
A carbon dioxide
B diamond
C graphite
D methane
9 The diagrams show the structures of two forms of carbon. Which set of data is correct for these two structures?

conducts very hard can be used

electricity material as lubricant
A T T S
B S T S
C S S T
D T S T

10 For which of the following can graphite be used?

A as an abrasive only
B as an abrasive and as an electrode
C as an electrode and as a lubricant
D as a lubricant only
11 Which substance contains covalent bonds, but also conducts electricity?
A Brass
B Graphite
C Iodine
D Steel