ATC Module-1 Notes
ATC Module-1 Notes
  ---3
  _ ?
         ~....,,._  a1 c.) oJ IJ '- )3 e.l-c ·
                         _,       b)
Z, h::: :l n.
             , • • \
                                                                      IL
                                                                               2-   .s:    {.it~~ oa, l'
                                                                  I   I    I                                  •
s• z t -· tc-le_m'& ~UM -,
                                                                                                                                                      •
                  FA
                               r
                           10J#\           o;rp
                                                                                      J
                                                                            :;:: ,0   I,(),'   II.. out o;p
                                l                                                     l
                  f                         l                                                              1
                                                                                                           f- N fA
          Ho!N-
              Nl L                     wtc..
                      D Q .t u W ~~ G :;=';                                 ~;_
                                                                              7((')~~8;\_
     Df
                  j J)-- .LI,       ;]Ju    g     iu.pfu .t      t,W d2J_
                                                          M == (~ ; f _,          (t              FJ
                                                               f          £~      ef t ~
                           '                          f          -i/rv:l:i Jt.t- l             t/p c&.pWeb .
                I
                    I
                         I
                                                                                                                                                  -
                                                                                                                                                  ...
                                                                                                                                                  I
                                                                                    I   I       I
                    fJpu.to..:DtJM _Q-"l
                                           I   J
                                                    S!:h
                                                           I
                                                               ~'7t -,    ' II          I
                                                                                            !       ••
                                                                                                                                                 I.
                                                                                 ~-h- i ' J,i qo-rLJJJ.J
     . =§)
                                                                                                        .                       r,()u;   f I
               C,O      IA{_a.h~a.f :- oq                      -1;-tiJo
                                                                   l- &   1 1    .w W i r.a-y,«                                          -tl./   I
                                          e.eP 1t}         tA   &
           .f                                         te.u
                        'l !. t 1-b-,Q f~w                                                                                                       J
                                                     1            v . 1.(9 "" ' o..cal!.
                                 '\I
                                      1 I
                                    = •a  w   'cJ  =   J-A.e,._   ,:0 .
                                                           cu w R
                                                                                                                                             !
                    h.           ch I\Q 1:
                                                                              -                             WR..    =•elrl.,.                    f-
                                  en,,'·           1.-\9   =- .. _,/\e' ~ ~ "
                                                                                                                                             f
        f.,~a, w {>~--~              •
             L::=~d'i""-)1\zt}
,
        • e4~
                                         ·
                                             la.v.JJV--~je. ; .w-r~t~ ctA
                                                   U
                                                                                              =I.
                                                              Jcu riot c.c~11. cJ"f J,_LUf .J:-.
                                                                                                            p             9             J
             4
                      1     J     JM e,f"f\f1 lo1l;lj91'·-' .U J4 lct,~l DVU.
                                 1
                                  '(}~~~-                                      •                    I
, :;iv._ • tOIA.b;/-)fl {) 19 1,
                       ~i ~.
                           t [:,               ..J    OI.., IO, 0 0 ll ') 010      G'   I DO l - - - "               J
             t .j                    J tl, 0         t 6; 4 )\          0. J            {                       .ii (l__1~J'-W'.
                                J I OJ           ti J IO f__, j1 I__, l OI I ~ ~-               'y ,             •
    L            II
                     .J.J:Aocfutliov to t="ituh OJJ.1.~ & r~ma
                                                       0      J lo
                                                                                                                       \J ~ g4 tu.pL.
                                                                                                   f l t
                                                                                   .   ,   &
                                                                       I   ,   <
                                                               ~   O
                                                       ~   r
         af
                             r   )
                         l
                 l   ~
         L   L
                                                                   i 1\u1W6.rn
I
I
                                                      l3t_                                                         Q
                                                                 J lt Q.t .. {, f a il 1
                                                                                         ·
             <'A
                                        nlJJJ
                          1'i0n - Q m r .l J
                                                    r • ·vJ.L. l       1
                                                                         f 1/P aipWdil
                    ==
                                                    f
                                                                        0
                            no" - ernp°13.t J
                                                     lA    .itt   Jt!
             f      -=-
                                            ; t ; fl/'I r ~ /)A
                                                                            •
                                 a.. -hotM
             J =-           <-Lt
                                                      ·
                             ~Xz
                                   J:tu ~ i a t t
                 C[A)t~
                                     a.     c1 ct- 'i )t   cLWf-H WU J.. v.aJ    fl
                                                                              It~·
                 F.f.11
N'lJ:b;_. (JWJJ.
                 J;,           e4-               f)u.Q. -t-roM.'
                                                  ~ ' t h  ~ -t<
                                                                 iio11. b/1.()
                                                                 c tt           V 'J ,, k
                                                                                             ,1~
                                          t :9;o
                         1AJ..11AJv.J...W
                 li l/                                                        1M.Jc_.
             t L       ~
&... u_                                                   t- U J. \N ~ .:l'(_
              o    JA  .t   vv.,/c.     c.m1.W
e~ U - tJ •• J
                                                & ¼                         f~
                                                                      no_ t1J_
                                           ,...
io                   m:_M/J)FA( F.fN                                            TI
itaitJ.
                                        W              J>l:A-
                    loqw,.   t-     ~
                                             'fo.J UV 6 F- J
       ::flp__
                     } UJ C :f ." au.J_ t +CC
 L.( H)   == { tO
                                                                              (- k lJ .1 ; g
                                                                                                             1, 0
                                                                I .J:v J L ..
                                CA( a.AAo i(}
                           Cf wiJ.
                C"
                           ~JJ:tt
                                  tt.
                                                            Jo                                   Jkii~
                cf. NoJu
                                         cr>~'oe.JJfDu_&'.j
                                               . bg d v
                                                         ~ ~.                                          i dliu.1RJ.J1
                           aJ.Q.,
                                                               c4          co11N v.J4 o
                     'Ta'-a v1.A -1,; oIA-   TcJ.-b Q.Q_ ; _        a
          2.
                                                       <                    Jlli-e- ct,
                                            O to . ~ a
I
I u .
                                                                                                 t
                              A e . ~ t
                    ~w.                                                                          •
I'
                                                                               a._~
I
                                                               ~IM1
                                       .I M ~                                                           1Ju . N ~
                    tt{9{) a J l q / U                                                    \_ ~
                                                                        0 .h ~ ~ p ( J 't
                                             t   '-fu,_.b1_                                                            I
                        . a . P-~u..t o
                                                                        V-/ ,jn         J:tu.        t/p •
                                                         1) -'f i!.b pe
               ,(
                                           w      c_,l:}
                      &__         a i Q__u_  tAJ                               I
6il.Ll.w .p f u ; ,,
                                                                    8     a.
                                                                                                                                 ,               4
                                                                           ..     ,.,
                                                                                             Cj          1,) ,       i       b   J
                                                                           { (; '/ 'V
                                                                                                t                        '
1                                                                                       V
                                                                                            r o,                     b
                                                                                  -~ 1P
                                                                                        -           l,               lo
                                                                                                    ,J
                                                                                                     -    I
                                                                           ~J                   iebJ             t
                                                                                                                 0           il l        .f J: :r :~
    ©      CoV\~hu&,ct Dt'A
           ~\ /e l -l ~ l t)+ /_ e ~ 2 ,
                                                                                                    ~.,
                                                                                ~ (( {: \ - - 9 \;::!_).
                                                                                                                                     ,
                                                                                                                                     -
                                                                                                                                           :2J
                                                                                -; p ~ ,
                f ~ {~ IJ ,
                L ::::;-    °Lf   f)t ).) () ' .,) ' D
                                                     .J
                                                              '\   y   .
                                                                                             i+ri'o/
    0           ~A                         ~J
                                                    CLQ,b
                                                                       6 ~ lo J. 1 _
          Nlv: "1       ~ ! 11
                                                                                            b
                                                          {10-
                    t   b         Ol       j .,   a.__<? (ti) b
                                _.          '·            )        '
                b
                                                               b
            -
    ~)          Ob~'-~                r\            Di'rt                 \_/4)   (i .t   C ; \) }:            f- \,   ~'-t        t
                                                                                                                               t' O',>.         °'
                co,.,,l,OJ 1,V"'-11
                                (.
                                                     \ \( \         Gt.}) 0           '   II   1-.~ l l   ~l   O'
                      '        0                                          8' Q
                --        9 ___L.,(cfi) \                                 ®-                               I
                                                                                                                                                               '
                           '                                                                                     >@
                                                                                          :; ) ~ 0
                                      0
                                             /
                                                                   0
                 ~1~l
     \01
                                                    01
                                                                                                     \~          JµLJ\                   r-u_tA,lbVi_
                 () >,      J--l          l} \/ tV \ ,
                                            l J
                                                                             I
                                                     0
         \\ •     ~IA
                                             0.          D~A                                     J,J__O>f'JJ) Q))             o J l QV    I'\
                     0\        a,'J
                                                                      oLQ._       ,
                                                                                      l
                                                                      0
          I'i             obj:o--i lA               o.        t>r,--f\
                                                                                                      i}-W.1Fif ,AM QJ
                     i
                                                                                                                               I
                                                                                                                                                        no •
                  o         0) -
                                                                             t. =la~                                     •
                                                  ,----:,   ....___.-.,
            4 ,. ,,       IJ (, ~, (
                                             o, ctJJ
                                                                       . '
                                                                    i }1'   T11 ,(( j<    •
                                                                                          11 ....   hl fu '{ l,,        b~·:°' ~fili.   I'\ Cl,.,./)(.(
           ob     GA,         t,   I4        Ct }P        ev Pr 1
                                                                                                                         Qtl1.\
r                                                    0                                                             ()
                     -
                                                 0~
                                                                                             ---=>
                                                                                                       Ik"'
                                                                                                                   0
                                                                                                                           >fil
                          '                                    '             I                                                           1
(l_
                                        <...o.., .
          Q,\A.eL'.1 Wl~                                       q
                           {)b
                     ?>
                          f                                                 ---- .~
                                                     Q
                      \                     J
                                                                        I
                           ()             I
                                     l1            o
~0,1
'
                                                  \
                                                      0
                                                      fQ1}          I
                                                               01
3. & ~e co v.1,ct1v1v
     01       J4~   '1 /) 0
                                    ()
                                        I
                                ... 0 ?
                                        I
                                                           I
                                         ,_, ,,
O'
                                                          Ct
I/
                                ~e1/b
                                                                .,J,uy;N..t
                                                                                                        cw Q.
                                                       ..e    ;
     5.        r u-      t) 1i l l f:1,- r 7   ~·J ;Jl.    11
                                                                    6f     3.
                                             U a rncJ..J.l;iph
                                     1
 f                b: v i. w ; / v-
                                   !
                                •-5'
                                       QJ\ ..
                                                 I   O
                                                      1
                                                          ~·         0
                                                                   ~-=>
                                                                                  I
              t) -     ¤JO t)
                                           -~
              1   -001-A
              2-o,v-
                       g                              I        I
              3   -011-c
                                     fl
              4-IDD-
                                -     [3
              5-l()I                                           0
              ~-       f10-c
                                                                                                       (9 /f Or--6 ,x
                                                                          5 - 010I
                                                                         /0 - I 0/0
                                                                                              L -- -
                                                                                          1   L --
                  0                                                      1 6 '-   J J /
          ,        I
                                                                         e:2 0
          - J
0
I                       j         Jt      + &. ) ~d 5          S(i~ d)                 qj
                                                                                         -
0           0           j   =          >tO +o)   1A.u& 5=0     o) ~q e
                                                               J ('l,J
                    0
                             j   ==- Co2 it3 +o) 'lWl 5'"' I    J(q3 _, v) -=-- 'i--1
        3           \        • :::: C      3 -r0 V\A,o !s"' 2- J (_q3 _, ,)    ==-   I 2--
•id
                                                  \      I
                                   - ~- - : , 1
                    ---1)1
                                   0
r
                               .I
                         l    ;
                        a =|
                               SS(e,), a)
                                              ot)),)S(, ),
              0, 91110) =sl              (to,
                       Non gne stch               a nsyping
     s ,exteded trauoi
ie                          4ollows
                                         aes
          ú) For an
                sCeya) = sCst ,y),a)
      JON- detuuubc Fut                Auto moton
                                       hes     a
                                                    (NEAJ
                                                  lor
                  yind as 4olowai at 0uePOhut jn choi
                                                 focto.
                 bu a weui, the waehiu
   ) more        when dbu hayp tnd , t delect a nove A
                                                     'n an
                   ie thee can be 3U0
               Out o) a stat oth the &oe label
 Que tran&is0u Bt
           maehlw   must  choe  ushich pah to tohe.
 So the
                       hat a
                                              hare nuse Han
                                            ual tal.
   Ju sti wy Calo called
  by   an      NFA Can be
                            dyiutd
   Exansplesi
       btaiu
       (bJ      Coutalnug
                                     Dab.
                                a           ctali
                     K
 (C)     Eudleth'o'
         (o)
(e     COtaiu ab
                      ab
       euss sith ab
           o,b
                                       lauguaya
5.     Osite NFA to aeapt he gotlustay
                              Bueh dlat
                                                  ihey
 (a)   Set       all
                          kubatiy
>(40) )0,
                       gollooed by      0
                             4 State luet dept   e
G. Du'gm   an   wFA   wth
   (auguaye fob, abcj*
                                   )
abc
                            )
 co webini g
                                 etan 5 state    r
  Desg
(9)
Conmbi n'y00
                            )a
           Corpilu eig
     Jntioduebion to doicl
                                  onaly
Aanquay pH0CANdi,
        Diyeuant             languaye pAoceIre.
    Coupdua
(3) tybd couuple
(4  Qalaembles
                                                     wlu'eh
            kanguae pocem&                the Bociee (angage
                                  &entuee    om he    langua
       phepocend. Jhe exical         aralyge        Hespohditds
                        yatares                        toker
                             Pu ds loulee
   Conpdui
              Soustee pAoguom
            compides                              Tasqut
                                                  progsom
          tagt uagm                                 outpuut
   Conpidu      languae paocene               lih aeeyts Me
                 &ousee   language aud
Qutput in                                 ie uoehine languay
                                              ereeutablo mc
 longuye pogran, it can then be called y sis
 0 e to  PAoeM iuput and puodue output
                  C    language capte
Tutepatui
    Hybxd cOnupileri
            Sowee peyram
              Tsansletel.
ModyucdSoure pogsann
          Compilu
         Taagit atindly pagrom.
                            -Ubuy
         JUinkeo,
             lwodu
                            Sulocatobe ahit
                       mle code
            toigud
                        Sshos
                         pase
                                                      patsynthes
                                                                                   alsug
pteseth
  to on             diale uteume                              the usth
              table dymbot                                 coallad tretue
       wich table,
boutiesmahou                   collut1             palaanalyin
             aetton            c0Teeti
                                   ve             take
                                                   take          Cu
enago.
   So iyormaire                       peovides
                                  yutotially                            ungound
                                                                          &
n                                        dateoi
                       he y
         k0usuee sepeseutation                    iuteediale
                                                                            then           Jt         +
               heat      sto
                                                  &thecetule                         cal        -
at          luponey                        Cousttueua
                                         pieees
                                    aud theu                                        juto
                                    biab!                 paut   Saly
               Bousee           te up                             puti. Araligu
                          eud) CRaeb                                  eud) CERout
                         paut Syuthes                                  Aralys
                                                    Coupilea
                                                                 Stiectuie
                                                                       o                        1"2
                                                                                                          rocu
     3
 Synthuw pasti
                pat        coustruet the deaed Jasgt
                                      apreJatatu aud
              thu iuteme diath
                                         table
        kexicad Aeadyga
                  1
                                    a
             token Stea
                                        vaious pheses g
                 Syutau tree
            |syatassa Aralya
                        te
Syub         Tuteumecliale
tahla        Codi qeeeteh
            Titumediali
                    epleseatabian
            Me Tndepndeut
            cods optim
            Jatesmeciate peseutaßuu
              coda Gueotd|
            tarqtle ceda
                code optimya
                      Vtasqeê mk code
     deical dnalyint
                                                       couplu
eical
         laa ates           as       tcawiy
                                   iuput                      the cloet
          iuto           weaniwy ul        equtnees called leremesan
uetuN tolc eni
         Jue    genesal touat                the tolcen       Oolal be
                 <tolcen -name         attri bute -alu>
                                   }olooiug akiqnueut stabruaut
               peJitiou            luibd    + a       60
     |: peditou          i a linene              <id,t>
                         abibaet syube gon ideuty
             Syuubol tahlo eutg os posi hau
         Syubel tablo eutoy9
                          eutsy gor an ideutiieu holel,
i yorat w about tha ideutiib. e tdna e t type
     .                      lereme
                           attribete colea
 3        jitial              toeu <id, 2
                                                  poi ut to the syn -tablu
                                                   euty tor uttial
  4.       +     i   a    leneme
                                 11        tocen     id,3
                                                           <yubt tabl eutay
                                           60>
                                                                              5.
                                          le caiguweut stateueut
                     araly       as the 4equeuee
       <id,l> <3> tid, 2 > <+ <id,3> l*> <60 >.
                                                               tok end
                     asiguneut         hddihn
                                         Podise     iibal        4ate 460
    loee token
    PoJition
                                           [truad Anatyze
     TuiNa
                                      <idl><=> <id,24><idy3>c4>
3                                                                             <60>
               ti = id   600
           idi                                Sewanb'e haly ze
                code geNRata.
                                     |<id,>
               LDF R, id3
                                                       <id,3       iut to lnt
               MULF R R      #60"0
                                                                         60
               LDF RI, idz
               ADDE RI, Ri, Re                Tater nedalecodequneqte
                                              ti= iuttooatt60)
                                               t = jd t i
                                              t3 = id2 +t2
          Ubiqumet'statenuut                  id= t3
      Jhe seroual phese y the couwp                   i syuta.
 it        paiug
          & phodlees a                    ii output.
                              Cyutor e as iutenal
              te0         Bueh a tee        wheye
                         ôpesuat du aud enteual modiy
              opuaudi'
                                        syutan tvee iu
      eaeh iteia uolo          epreseuts     an opeatiou
         hl deu         the    d
      opeason
        p4itou = uial +ate             60            chil
                                    did y3      legtcilad
         +higheu peedene do puyom beyde t
           + ’ ldweu plleedeuce lan *
Semankc       ualyisi             cowyple            seuaube
           qrd phee
Analyis. st                    yutu toee               input
                                                        output.
aud usould gnsal tte yuta
                                pyom
                                                    spsattel
     natuh'uy opeanda .
has math'uy
                                                                           thiple
                                                                    ds(udeh  code
               geusal           iould             aud put              ia   as   tyee
                an
an cheeed
                      geuesotioui-
                              à                         Iuteelia
                                                        Code
                  assay.                                                                 no.
k                                            sipelt         must
                                                            to Coupdu
                               an betoluda aNHay
                                      psuga
                                     uuuug                    May              egi              F
                                                       sabiquut                ala,
      utuieoliale
         coole
    table,        syate                         tree                       i             eidh
               lyowatiou                        typegaheu
                                                           aualye.
ube             hupdtaut
                paut                              an
                                                   cluehingy
              opsatiou                       t chealking
                         ett          else Matdikg
               pahautheu                    Mateliags                                -
                                              weCWn       eteu
                                gnetiou.
                                                                     cod                 u
n              type            he
 6.
  Sprle
  8ousee
  lou      avl                      futen ediae epseuta o
 slich                              das   a
 abs traet waehlu
                        iuteuediali sepese utatsu            hould have to
 () 9t          hould    be
                              caay to poduee
 (2) Jt      &houlal     be
        tasgot wmle
           we     Couoil
                                  iuteuediat           os u calla
Jee- adalu d
           co c a cousist o,
asembly - lie             wtretions
iustruti ou .
     code op&iatiui
                 Sipe luteueiat                colo
                                                        qucaieu
                                 coole
Oay to gneali gud tasgit cole
                 ti =                                 t to          au
                                          be ginetoted)
 code      qeneatieni                           phar
Jt                              luteealiall aepa
 Qul       qncatu waehiu codlo as it atput.
to be
        Syubel thle wanagturud      iyotot tayt
                        cospleo Jhe couupide must
             Vaiable names datayp ete
Vasiall