BIOLOGY GRADE 10
UNIT 5 SUMMARY
BY: ADDIS ABABA EDUCATION BUREAU
MAY 2020
Second Semester Contents
UNIT 5
CONSRVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE
5.1 Definition of resource
5.2 Conservation and biodiversity
5.3 Vegetation
5.4 Wildlife
5.5 Air
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UNIT 5
CONSRVATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE
5.1 Definition of resource
Natural recourses are resource that exist in nature
and are useful for human beings.
Resource supplied by nature
Natural resource classified into two
1) Renewable
2) Non renewable
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Renewable natural resource
Include mainly living things and their products
With management, they can be used, reused and replaced
easily in a short span time
Are resource capable of producing indefinitely
They are found in unlimited quantity
Examples: Plants, animal, water , air, soil, solar energy,
micro organism
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Nonrenewable natural resource
Include mostly not living things.
Are resource that cannot be easily made or replaced by
nature or take a very long geological time to be formed again.
They are found in limited quantity
Example ; minerals, fossil fuels like (natural gas, oil and
coal), diamond
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5.2 Conservation and biodiversity
Conservation
The wise and sustainable use of natural resource
Involves protection and preservation of natural environment
If natural resource are not wisely used their number declines
become extinct
Extinct is the loss of a species everywhere in the world or
particular habitat
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Biodiversity
Is the measure of wealth of species in a given
habitat.
Biodiversity is the variability of living things.
Includes from smallest microbes and large
animal and plants
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Importance of biodiversity
Maintain the balance in an ecosystem
Produce genetic variety
Make place look good with a mixture of different
species rather than monoculture
Help to reduce the spread of diseases
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Monoculture its impact on biodiversity
Monoculture is the cultivation of a single croup
Monocultures are:
not attractive to look at
does not support wide range of plants and animals
increase the risk of diseases to spread to quickly
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Biodiversity of an area lost by;
undervaluation of the biodiversity resources
deforestation
fuel wood collection and illegal logging
environmental pollution like acid rain
growing industrial raw material E.g. sugar
overgrazing by stock animals
overhunting (poaching)
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Conserving the biodiversity
Maintaining habitats
Using resources in a sustainable way
Avoid over exploitation of natural resource
Reduce pollution
Establish national parks, sanctuaries and
zoos
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5.3 Vegetation
Vegetation is the general term for the plant life of a
region.
Function of vegetation critical in the biosphere:
Regulate the flow of biochemical cycle
Strongly affects soil characteristics
Serves as a wild life habitat
Serves as a global production of food, wood and fuel
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Importance of plant
Source of food For timber production
To make drink such as Source of medicine
tella, tej and coffee Source of oxygen to the
Export product for the atmosphere
country Absorb atmospheric
For building material CO2
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Human effect on vegetation
Deforestation for various purposes such as
agriculture, fuel consumption, timber production
Overgrazing by domestic animals which expose the
land for serious wind and soil erosion
Pollution and by climate change.
Burning
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Endemic species
Some of endemic species in Ethiopia are
Teff (Eragrostis teff
Enset (Ensete ventricosum
Nug (Guizotia abyssinica)
Gomenzer (Brassica carinata)
Suf (Carthamus tinctures)
Juniper (tid)
Telba (Linum usitatissimum)
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Conservation of vegetation
1. Awareness creation
2. Afforestation planting young tree
2. Controlled grazing
3. Fire protection
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5.4 Wildlife
Importance of wildlife resource
Economic or commercial value from tourism
Educational, scientific and recreational value
Maintenance of natural balance in an
ecosystem
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Endemic wildlife species in Ethiopia
Mammals Birds
Gelada babbon Thick-billed raven ( kura)
Walia ibex White colored pigeon
Menlik’s bushbuck The black winged
Mountain Nyala, lovebird,
Swayne’s Hartebeest
Ethiopian wolf
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Human impact on Wildlife
wildlife conservation
Distraction of forest Establishing park, zoos,
sanctuaries
habitat Preventing the spread of
Uncontrolled hunting disease
Human settlement
Controlling human settlement
Awareness creation
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National park
National park is conservation area designed to give maximum protection to wild
animal
Below are listed many of the main National Parks of Ethiopia
Abijatta-Shalla Lakes National Park
Awash National Park
Bale Mountain National Park
Gambela National Park
Rift Valley Lakes National Park
Mago National Park
Omo National Park
Nechisar National Park
Simien Mountains National Park
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Sanctuaries
Sanctuaries are conservation area establish to focus on a
particular species, some example of wildlife sanctuary
Harer wild life sanctuaries; set up to conserve and protect
native elephant species, Laxodonta African oleansie
Kuni-muktar mountain neyala sanctuaries; set up to protect
mountain neyala
Senkelle Sewayne’ heart beest sanctuaries; close to lake
rift valley national park which is dedicated for protection of
heart beest
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5.5 Air
Pollution;
The contamination of the natural environment by
harmful substances as a result of human activity.
Adding of any substance (solid, liquid or gas) and any
form of energy to the environment.
The major kind of pollution are air, water and soil pollution
Pollutant; a harmful substance
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Air pollution
Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of
substance added to the atmosphere
The major of air pollutants are
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Sulfur dioxide
Nitrous oxides
Chlorofluorocarbons
Hydrocarbons
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Different forms of air pollution
1. Global dimming;
It is the reduction in the amount of sunlight from
reaching the earth’s surface.
The by product of fossil fuels or pollutant which
absorb solar radiation and reflect back sunlight to space
Fossil fuels release incomplete combustion
hydrocarbon in the atmosphere in the form of smoke
which cause global dimming.
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2. Global warming
Global warming; is the rising of temperature on earth’s surface as a
result of accumulation of green house gas like carbon dioxide and
methane.
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Carbon dioxide (C O2 )
CO2 is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic green house gas
which produce by natural source and human activity
The amount of carbon dioxide increase as a result of :
1. Combustion of fissile fuel
2. Deforestation
3. Respiration
4. Decomposition
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Methane (CH4)
The second most abundant green house gas that is
released from human activities.
Like carbon dioxide, methane absorbs solar radiation and
warms the atmosphere.
Methane increased in the atmosphere as a result of
Growth of rice in swampy condition
Digestive activity of cattle produce methane
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3. Acid rain
Caused by
sulfur and
nitrogen oxide
Formed when
rain water
react with
these oxide
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Effect of acid rain
Acid rain damages our environment by;
Killing leaves
Depletion of soil
Destroys roots of tree
Pollution of lake, river and stream water
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Cause of acid rain
Natural cause of acid rain
Water vapors from clouds
Volcanic eruption and lightning
Human cause of acid rain
Burning of fossil fuels from industries
and vehicles
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Effect of air pollution on human
Chronic respiratory Chlorofluorocarbon
problems (CFC’S) cause ozone
Lung cancer depletion
Heart disease CFCs has caused an
Brain damage increase in harmful
Nerve, kidney. Liver damage ultraviolet light reaching
the surface of the earth.
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Unit summary
1. What is natural resource?
2. Explain the difference between renewable and non renewable
resource?
3. Explain biodiversity, its importance, how it lost, method of
conservation?
4. What is method of conserving biodiversity?
5. What is the anthropogenic effect on vegetation?
6. What is the method of conserving Vegitation?
7. What is the different forms of air pollution?
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