NAME OF T HE ST UDENT T EACHER : SADDAM HUSEN
SUBJECT : COMMUNIT Y HEALT H NURSING
DAT E AND T IME : 30T H feb 2020
T OPIC : HEALT H T ALK ON DIARRHOEA
CLASS : M.Sc.NURSING PREVIOUS Y EAR
VENUE : CLASSROOM , G.C.O.N. AJMER
MET HOD OF T EACHING : LECT URE CUM DISCUSSION
A.V. AIDS : CHART
GENERAL OBJECT IVE: : At the end of the class the people will be able to gain knowledge regarding diarrhoea and its
management
SPECIFIC OBJECT IVES : T o explain what is diarrhoea
: T o elaborate the causes of diarrhoea
: T o discuss the sy mptoms of diarrhoea
:T o explain what care can be done at home and when to see a
doctor
: T o teach how to make ORS at home
: T o explain in details how to manage and prev ent occurance of the disease
S.NO DURAT ION SPECIFIC CONT ENT T EACHER A.V.AIDS EVALUAT ION
LEARNER USED
OBJECT IVE ACT IVIT Y
1. 5 mins T o introduce self My self Saddam husen , student of M.Sc. Nursing 1 st People listen People hav e a
and the topic of y ear. We hav e gathered here for a health talk on carefully . general idea
health talk diarrhoea. about
diarrhoea.
Diarrhoeal diseases account for nearly 1 .3 million
deaths a y ear among children under- fiv e y ears of
age, making them the second most common cause of
child deaths worldwide. Ov er half of the deaths occur
in just fiv e countries: India, Nigeria, Afghanistan,
Pakistan and Ethiopia.
2 5 mins T o explain what is Some people frequently pass stools, but they are of People show People gain
Diarrhoea? normal consistency . T his is not diarrhea. Similarly , interest by knowlwdge
breastfed babies often pass loose, pasty stools. T his listening regarding when
is normal. It is not diarrhea. Diarrhea is carefully and to go to a
characterized by abnormally loose or watery stools. asking doctor and
questions until which
Diarrhoea is when y ou hav e frequent loose watery stage it can be
bowel motions. In most cases, the sy mptoms resolv e managed at
on their own within a couple of day s without the home
need for medical treatment. Diarrhoea that lasts one
or two day s and goes away on its own is known as
acute diarrhoea, which is a common condition that
affects people of all ages. Diarrhoea lasting four
weeks or more (whether continuous or intermittent)
is known as chronic diarrhoea and can be a sy mptom
of an underly ing chronic disease or condition.
3 6 mins T o elaborate the a)If an episode of diarrhea lasts less than 1 4 day s, it
ty pes of diarrhoea. is acute diarrhea. Acute watery diarrhea causes
dehy dration and contributes to malnutrition. T he
death of a child with acute diarrhea is usually due to
dehy dration.
b)If the diarrhea lasts 14 day s or more, it
is persistent diarrhea. Up to 20% of episodes of
diarrhea become persistent. Persistent diarrhea
often causes nutritional problems, creating the risk
of malnutrition and serious non- intestinal infection.
Dehy dration also occurs.
c)Diarrhea with blood in the stool – with or without
mucus – is called dy sentery . Dy sentery is v ery
dangerous because of its ability to lead to anorexia,
rapid weight loss, and damage to the intestinal
mucosa. Another danger is sepsis.
4 5 mins To explain the Diarrhoea is a sy mptom of infection caused by a host
causes of diarrhoea of bacterial, v iral and parasitic organisms most of
which can be spread by contaminated water. It is
more common when there is a shortage of clean
water for drinking, cooking and cleaning and basic
hy giene is important in prev ention.
Water contaminated with human faeces for example
from municipal sewage, septic tanks and latrines is
of special concern. Animal faeces also contain
microorganisms that can cause diarrhoea.
Diarrhoea can also spread from person to person,
aggrav ated by poor personal hy giene. Food is
another major cause of diarrhoea when it is prepared
or stored in unhy gienic conditions. Water can
contaminate food during irrigation, and fish and
seafood from polluted water may also contribute to
the disease.
A number of non- infectious causes can result in
diarrhea.[ 5 ] T hese include lactose
intolerance, irritable bowel sy ndrome, non- celiac
gluten sensitiv ity , celiac disease, inflammatory bowel
disease, hy perthy roidism, bile acid diarrhea, and a
number of medications.
5 2mins To discuss the
sy mptoms of Sy mptoms of Diarrhoea
dehy dration due to
diarrhoea T he main and most recognizable sy mptom of
diarrhoea is passing loose, watery stool that occurs
three or more times a day . Diarrhoea may also lead
to the following sy mptoms:
Pain or cramping in the abdomen
An urgent need to go to the bathroom
Nausea
A loss of control of bowel mov ements
If diarrhoea is caused by an infection, people may
also experience:
Bloody stools
Vomiting
Fev er and chills
Light- headedness and dizziness
Diarrhoea may also cause dehy dration and mal
absorption, each of which has its own sy mptoms.
Signs of dehy dration include: thirst, urinating less
frequently than normal, dark- colored urine, dry
mouth, feeling tired, sunken ey es or cheeks, light -
headedness or fainting, and a decreased skin turgor
(when the skin is pinched and released, it does not
flatten back to normal right away ).
Sy mptoms of malabsorption include bloating, gas,
changes in appetite, weight loss, and loose, greasy ,
foul- smelling bowel mov ements.
6 1 0 mins To discuss the Replace fluids. Drink plenty of water, as well as fruit
treatment for juices or sports drinks, and eat soups with clear
diarrhoea broth to help replenish lost electroly tes. Pay
attention to the amount of sugar in these drinks,
because too much sugar can worsen diarrhea
sy mptoms.
Eat a bland diet. A bland diet will be easy on y our
digestiv e sy stem and can help ease diarrhea
sy mptoms. A bland diet consists of foods that are
soft, not spicy , and low in fiber. Y ou should also
av oid raw foods, fried foods, and drinks with alcohol
or caffeine in them.
T ry ov er- the- counter medications. In most cases of
diarrhea, ov er- the- counter medications can help
ease the discomfort that comes with diarrhea. T hese
options include loperamide, commonly known as
Imodium, and bismuth subsalicy late, or Pepto-
Bismol.
Antibiotics may be needed. If y our diarrhea is being
caused by a bacterial infection, y our doctor will
prescribe antibiotics to help y ou feel better. A round
of antibiotics can help treat diarrhea caused by
bacteria or parasites. Howev er, if y our diarrhea is
being caused by a v irus, antibiotics will not help.
T reat underly ing problems. Diarrhea may be a
sy mptom of a more serious health condition, such as
a food allergy or digestiv e disorder. Y our doctor will
work with y ou to figure out the underly ing issue
through testing and come up with an appropriate
treatment plan
7 1 0 mins T o explain in detail One of the most important things y ou can do to
about prev ention of prev ent diarrhea is to wash y our hands frequently .
diarrhoea. Be sure to wash y our hands after using the
bathroom, before preparing or eating food, befor e
and after caring for someone who is ill, after
touching garbage, and after touching an animal,
animal feed, and animal waste.
Another important way to prev ent diarrhea in
children is to get them v accinated against rotav irus,
which causes sev ere diarrhea mostly in babies and
y oung kids. T he v irus can also lead to v omiting,
fev er, and dehy dration. T he CDC recommends
babies get their first dose of the rotav irus v accine at
age 2 months. T he second dose should be
administered at 4 months, and the third, if nee ded,
at 6 months.
Practicing good hy giene can prev ent diarrhea.
Drink clean water: boiled or filtered. Cov er water.
Use a ladle, do not dip fingers into container
Wash y our hands after going to the bathroom.
Wash y our hands before preparing or eating a meal.
Do not eat stale or contaminated food.
Wash pots and pans and let them dry before reusing
them.
T reat diarrhea and dehy dration at home.
Continue feeding the child, do not starv e them.
Continue breastfeeding. For older children, giv e
bananas, rice, and lentils.
Giv e clean water. Giv e rice water.
Use oral Rehy dration therapy , pinch salt, fist of
sugar, glass of water. Discard ev ery 24 hours.
Important point: Continue using ORS as long as
diarrhea continues.
Know when to take the child to see a doctor.
Refer when there is blood or mucus in the stool.
Refer if diarrhea is sev ere and prolonged: more than
ten loose motions per day .
Refer if child is unresponsiv e.
BIBLIOGRAPHY :
1. T rained Nurses Association of India (1 990) A Public Health Manual (Second edition) New Delhi.
2. Gulani K.K. Community health nursing (2007) 1 st ed. Kumar publishing house
3. Brunner Suddharth Medical & Surgical nursing (2005) 1 0 th ed Mosby .
4. Shubhangini Joshi Nutrition & dietetics (2007) 1 st Jay pee brothers.
INTERNET:-
❖ www.google .com
❖ http://www.gii.in/health_information/cause- sy mptoms- treatment- and- prev ention- of- diarrhoea.html
❖ http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=en&q=prev ention+of+d iarrhoea&meta=
❖ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diarrhoea
❖ http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/heart/diarrhoea.html
❖ http://www.medicinenet.com/anemia/article.htm
❖ http://www.webmd.com/a- to- z-guides/understanding- diarrhoea- basics.
