NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC PATHWAYS ::: Ble ad and Critical Thinking Ua Ly MARI VARGOContents 2 a 2 3 ry 8 6 7 8 t-) 0 Sn ett Pon Bread Peewee ENE es Pratt BUILDING WONDERS mee Lay SOTi Scope and Sequence Me Ee 1 Reading 1 Fos Isthere a ecpetor dentin the Main Preccting Understanding HAPPINESS | = ‘and Deal poe Longevity Lenders ing Mat ADEM TREK Reading 2 FeathScence/Sclogy Four Keys to Happiness Reading 1 Focus The Power of Cestuty ——_dentfying Details INVENTIVE = SOLUTIONS ES Reading 2 6 dea Late Packages, ny Understane she Manlcet) and Dea identyrg Deas Reading 1 Focus The Power of Conds Tekin CONNECTED LIVES = “on Sen res ACADEMIC TRAC Reading 2 pexingt roa See eaten) emrety Youd st Spr Ben Tine pestcng cena the ie nana esos Resdeg? sg permnuuhpgnios Orece cases er crs rexcing fous Thema Neny Tyco ade MEMORY AND re cfcact enon erond crn LEARNING = Satding tndonersngs ee ve des a ‘Sleep and Memory, ORC TRACFocus skitFocus Word Partners Infering Meaning from Cortet Whiting 2 Song Topic Sentence sprestons with bing Jusihng Your Open Language for Wting Wore Foxms Synthesng Reecing Review fhe Simple Preset Tense Words as Nours an Verbs iting Goat Wit an opinion paragraph about whet pecpieln your communty ae hap Focus Si Focus Word Fartnes rating Problems and Supporting the Maines and Giving Deals acfectne-+ power pad Language for Witog power+n0un ralying Sheng, Review he Spe Pas Tense Word unk Faking whiting Gol tie and be Wing roblemsoution paragraph abou aninventn and how t changed peoples byes Focus Sail Focus Word Partners Malang inference tnting 2Concuding Sentence ecg, A Language or Wty : : Using the Present Perfect Tense Weting Goat ring a descriptive paragraph about a eowaiouterg project, Fous SKID Focus Word Forms Evaluating an Arguent Explaing aChart or Graph hanging Nous nto Aecves Syptheseng Reicting Language fr writing Word Partners Desctibing Cars ad Graphs verb +n Weting Goa! Wain a paragraph expaing the ifrmation pesentesina griph Fous Skil Focus Word Farms Applying a Method for sing an tine Changing Nouns and Adjectives Ineralzaton Cees Verbs electing, Syihesiing Using 8+ Grund Word Partners retng Goal epessons wh sore ting a pragroph about how ta improvei Scope and Sequence POEL 2 on td 6 Reading The Sake Chaser ANIMALS AND = MEDICINE Te Frog Like Reading? AAbaven fr Chimp Reading 1 en Tornadoes Ske NATURE'S FURY = Eat Scien BUILDING ‘WONDERS FORM AND FUNCTION tiessane 10 Uphtnng Reading 2 "ihre! eaaing 1 Unfinshed Masterpiece = AADatng Design Reading 2 ‘ani Swuctes feading 1 What he FathesFo = ying Ries fading? Design by Natwe Reading 1 Tsning Wes ely SMART ADVICE = Business - The Community Bult Reading 2 Lessons Busse eng, Understanding ane and Dea, Understanding ronour References Focus ldentlying Sequence Predicting, Undestanding Main eas and Daas, Understanding Case and secreting Maps, Undertandng a races brecitng, Undestancing ‘he Main det) and ideryng Eidence Focus Wentveg Theoses Predctng Udestanding the Min ide, eying Dati Focus Ting notes at Predctng, Undestanding the Main Idea and Details, ientjing Sequence, png eennfngFocus sia Focus Word Link LUndestanding Metaohos and Whiting an Argumentatve Paragraph om Siiles Language for writing Feslectng, Biaxin fering Making Concessions Meaning Syibesing Wing Goa iting a paragraph about whether scents should we anmatsfor medal esech Focus suit Focus Word Link Erabeting Sources fr Credbity Organizing a acess Paragreph ee Sythesaing Language for Weting Word Forms Descring a rocess Changing Adjectives ino Adverbs Witing Goat Waiting an explanatory paragraph about a natal orbilogal process, Focus Ski Focus Word Partners Itepretng Quotes Wing 2 Comparison Paragraph agectve + sie Reecting,Synthesizng, Language for Wiking Word tink saluting an Argument ‘Using Comparative Acjectves tors rtng Goat wating 2 paragianh comparing two suctres Focus sai Focus ‘Word Partner valting Eider ing a Summary Paragraph adjective +aantage Inering ening, Appin, Language for ting Wird Link Sythesaing ing Syparyms pe iting Goat iting a paragraph summaring ase the reading passage Design by Nate” Focus skit Focus ‘Word Partners ‘oping anes to 3 New Giving Deas that Support Abie Exqressions wih chalerge Contest Languagefor Waiting ‘Werd Partners Infering Syescng fering Use the Zero Condtiona to Gve Adve reson wth quay Meaning Wing Goal Wing a aragraph ving advice about preparing tga tacolege Vocabulary Extension 203 Independent Stent Handbook 213 Index of Exam his and Tasks 230Beau {A Lookat the information on these pages and answer the questions. 1. Have yuu bee tv any ofthe countries shown hee? Why do you think people rom these counties are happy? 2. Compate the information about theses counties. strong lnk between GD? per capita and overal happiness What ry see eee precotiiey BB Match the correct form of the words and phrases inlueto their er dennitions, ey 0 supply or make avaiable {ad protected fe danger or harm (0) the level of comfort and amount of ‘money that people have fee HAPPY HOT SPOTS \What makes us happy? According to the World Database of Happiness, people are happy if hey fee that they havea good quality of lf. This may include having a ‘900d standard of living, feeling safe and secure, or living in a society that provides basic healthcare forall. we Is it possible to measure happiness? Researchers at the World Database of Happiness. ‘think s0. The database (2005-2014) brings together scientific reports on happiness from 158 countries around the worl. The researchers asked people to rate thelr ‘enjoyment of lfe ona scale from0 to 10. The top sb happiest nations are shown here. Oman (18th) isthe happiest country in the Middle East. The happiest Asian countries —the Philippines, Thallind, and Singapore—placed 39th, 42nd, and 43rd. 2 uninLJ aaa tT coeey DENMARK Population: 327.4 Cree er eee Eon eens eee a Ce + eu) Seatac coed Rating: 85 Created ed Lerten aay Eee aerate Corea er po) “ape cross Dometic Product per capita ithe veo ood ant Ever deed seeerag ees yaa etai Reading 1 PREPARING TO READ suitoins The words nd phases in lve below ate sed nthe reading passage on pages 5-6. VOCABULARY Compete cachsentence wth the corect word or pave Ue onary to help You. aecate batle necessities equal financial freedom poverty socialize 1. Whenyou: you spend time with other people for fun, 2. Counties wih high eves of ________ should put mare soci Programs in place tohelp the poor 5. According to a United Nations report having —________tothe Internet sa basic urna sight 4, fyouask someone for _______athvice, you are concemed about money, 5, People who do the same job should receive —_______ py 6, —______o speech isa basic democratic value 7. tn some ofthe worlds poorest counties, obtaining ke ‘dean water and shee isa daiy stugole sine (BD discuss these questions with partner VOCABULARY 1. Who do you normally socialiae with? 2 eves od 2th wha do outa ae she sk means ne? 3. Is poverty serous problem in your count? Io, what i the government doing 0 ‘acl thisprobler? sxamsronians (Ussing tht youthrka person needinrderto be happy Shteyourdess with ¢ partner. ya ss 2s in preoicrins [B Lookatthe ile andthe sthead of he recingpasage on ages 5-6. What do you thnk heeding pesage abou? heck your anawer as youre 2. pow fomeare hgpies © things hatte people happy © einthehappest county inte wordIS THERE A RECIPE Femites in ‘Singapore often FOR HAPPINESS? What makes us happy? Money? Friends? A good job? Are the answers the same for ‘+ everyone? According to world surveys, Mexico and Singapore are two happy countries—but theie people may be happy for different reasons. SAFETY AND SECURITY There are more than 21,000 people pee quate mile! in the small nation of Singapore People on the island work very long hours and regulary bring work home with them. The country has strict laws against smoking in public, nd even jaywalking. But according to the World Database of Happiness, Singapore is fone ofthe happiest countries in Asia, Why One reason fo Singapore's happiness is that the govemnment provides thebasic necessies, such as housing and healthcare. There is almost no extreme poverty in Singapore. The ‘overnmeat “tops up” poorer people's incomes 50 everyone can have a minimam standard of living. Ie also offers tax breaks! ro people who look afer thei aging parents. The resul is alot of elosely connected families with roughly equal standards of ving People may not be happy about all the laws, but they are generally happy with the results— they breathe clean air they dor’ step in liter, and the streets are safe and orderly. So for Singaporeans, it seems that living in a secure,lean, and safe place may be more important than having a lot of personal freed. Many societies are trying to find a happy medium between order and freedom. Singapore’: ranking on the World Database of Happiness suggests chat the country has done a pretty decent job at it. FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS In many ways, Mexico is the opposite of Singapore, There are some parts of Mexico where people do not have a safe or secue life. ‘Many people do not have jobs, enough food, or access to education. But, as in Singapore, most people in Mexico feel that they are happy. Why? (One reason is the importance of social interaction, According to psychologists, much ‘of our happiness comes from feeling thar we Fare part of larger community. Simple acts like smiling ata neighbor or having dinner with friends can greatly increase our overall happiness. People in Mexico socialize with Festive gatherings and parades help create ‘strong sence of community in Mexico. family and friends a lot, and this adds to their happiness But what about poverty? In Mexico, about half of the population is poor. However, ‘most Mexicans live near people in a similar financial situation. If your neighbor doesn’t Ihave expensive icems—such as a big house or © an expensive car—you provably don‘ feel the need to have those things cither. So money, by itself, may not be that important for happiness. What matters more is how much money you have compared to the people around you. A MIXED RECIPE? So the question “What makes people happy?” does not scem to have a simple answer. Security, safety, frealom, and socializing with friends and family can all play important roles As the examples of Singapore and Mexico suggest, there may be no single recipe for happiness. It is up to each of us to find our own.UNDERSTANDING THE READING BD whats the main idea ofthe reading passage? UNDERSTANDING ne MAW IDEA, 2. Happiness means diferent things to diferent people. E Personal feedom i the most important thng for happines. Everyone needs to feel safe and secure in order to be happy B A weak topic sentence; too general ‘Qne reaton Singaporeans ore generally happy tha the overnment provides basic neces such as housing. > strong topic sentence ‘As another exarnpefthe paregraph presets the rgument that youdont need 3 lot ofmoney o.be happy, this idea shoul be included in the topic sentence, About SO percent of Mexico citizens nein poverty > weak topic sentence; 100 specifi Eventhough mary peoplein Mec iv in povery overalreported happiness ti) ‘eryhigh > strong topic sentence (B Undertine the topic sentence in each paragraph. One of the topic sentences is stronger than the others. 1. Meni, aly enporant Fory members are very close and support one another during dificult tenes. Grandparents take care of grandchildren so the then’ parents can goto work and earn money. When the chien grow Up they take care of thei patents. Tiss one ofthe reasons why people in Mesico are generally happy. 2. Studies have shown that laughter may be an important factor for happiness and that People who laugh 2 lt are happier. People who laugh more tend ro have higher levels of self-esteem. They also tend to be heather. Laughter sso important for ou ‘general well-being that some people gota aughter therapy winee they laugh wth groups of other people 3. les important ike you jab.n many countries, lt of people choose their job based on how much trays or on what other people think about that ib. But in [Denmark one ofthe wore happiest counties, most peopie take jobs that interest them, That gives them a beter chance to fee motivated and happy at werk Pent tnerwo weok opicsemencestiom exec 1 wapncss 7WRITING TASK GOAL You are going towrtea paragraph on the following topic Doyou think people in your community are generally happy or unhappy? Give ‘three easonsfor your answer Enainsronitinc Basta istof things that make peoplein your community happy and ais of thing nt poplar common mey be oapyy seu ‘Things people in my community ‘Things people in my community ‘arehappy about are unhappy about rannine (B Folow these steps to make notes fr our paragraph ‘Step 1 Lookst your notes above. Do you think people in your community are gereally happy or unhappy? Wate atopic sentence inthe outine below. ‘Step 2. Choose three things fom your nates above that support your topic senterce. Note themin she outine 2 reasons ‘Step 3 Foreach reason wite one or two detals, examples, or facts Dont worry about ‘grammer or sping, Cont wie complete sentences, OUTLINE ‘Topic: Are people in your community generally happy or unhappy? Topi Sentence eason 1. Deals. Reason 2; Deval: Reason; = Detail runs onset (@) Use theiaformatonin your oun to wrt 2 fist dato your paragraphREVISING PRACTICE ‘The draft below ae similar tothe one you are going to write, but they are on 8 diferent topic: Ave you generally hoppy or unhappy? Dezcrise thee things that make yeu happy er Unhappy. Whe two or ore detail about each ove, ond explain why it makes youteet this. ‘What did the writer do in Draft 2 to improve the paragraph? Match the changes (a-d) tothe highlighted parts. 2 comected a verb form added derasto explain a reason deleted unvelated information «made the topic sentence stronger Draft | think Im generllyhappy. thas 2 great job. | do work that fee passionate about, ‘and The my co-workers, | dont make alot of money, so sometimes have to do extra ‘work on the wekends.| want 0 ask fora ase at work My fall and fends are very supportive, Whenever Ihave problems, now that my fariy and fiends wil help me. My frends so make me laugh aot. n adtion, rn heathy. Dratt2 |thinktm generally happy because | ike most things about my have a great jb 1 do work that eel passionate about, and key coavorkers My family an fiends ae very supportive ‘Whenever have problems, know that my family and fends vill help me. My fends also make me laugh alot. In adction, heathy. dont have any nesses. and ply fun spots such as a seccet and basketball, (Bow use the questions below to vse your paragraph. REVISED ORAFT C1 Does theparagraph have one main idea? 15 Does strong topic sentence introduce the main idea? C1 Does the paragraph include three reasons that late tothe main ides? 17 Does the paragraph include one or two details foreach reason? 1 Reallvat forms corect? 11 Isthete ary information that doesnt belong? hareovess 19EDITING PRACTICE Read the information below. In sentences using the snp present tense, remember to + use the conect veto endings with third person singular subjects: for example, he ‘watch out or verbs that have iregular for in the simple present: be, have, and do + use the corect form of do ane the base form ofa verb in negative statements for ‘example, dont spend / doesnt spend, Correct one mistake withthe simple present tense in each sentence below. tke my boss. 2. My comorkers ae supportive lendly and fun, and enjoying spending time with them ater work 1. enjoy the work that do because t's very challenging. but id 2, ktsimpontant to met spend time with my fami members, but i’ dificult because they dont ves close to me 4. Alnough my houses not big and fancy, my neighborhood are ver safe 5. My fends and | exercises together every dy 10 stay heathy, and that contributes te our happiness 6. My oranather is stil 7. Most happy people has hobbies ike hiking or paying @ musical nstumers active and spenda lot of time outdoors Finat o1aeT (@) Follow these steps to wsitea final daft CCheckyour revised drat for mistakes with simple present verb forms 2. Nawwuse the checklston page 218to write ral daft. Make any other necessary changes UNIT REVIEW Answer the folowing questions. 3. Doyou remember the meanings ofthese words? |. Oftheeaosforhaponesyouleemedabourintisuns, Check“) the ones you row Look backat the unit wich one d you thekis mot impart 20 review the ones you doit know: Reading | Gaccessam —_Cbascnecessbes, equal Cnancalgm — freedom poverty 2. When do you use the simple present tense? Cpoovide Csecurem —— socialize standard of og feacing 2 Deommuntym Ofecerm orate Diongtem — meod Disvppert volunteers — Gwelibeng 20 unr