© 2022 JETIR May 2022, Volume 9, Issue 5 www.jetir.
org (ISSN-2349-5162)
TEMPERATURE BASED FAN SPEED
CONTROLLER
Submitted by
SIVASHANMATHI A 20BEI008
TAMIL SELVAN U 20BEI019
HARI HARAN S 20BEI020
Abstract
Day by day, there are different types of intelligent systems are introduced with the improvement in technology.
Everything is getting more intelligible and stylish. There is a growth in the demand of cutting edge technology
and also smart electronic systems. In the proposed systems, microcontroller plays a vital role in the smart systems
development. Micro controllers have become an essential part in the preset technologies that are being presented
daily. This article discusses temperature based fan speed controller. This system is used to control the speed of the
fan automatically based on the room temperature. The system uses an Arduino board to implement a control system
Since this system is proposed to control the fan and is very important to know Arduino controlled system well.
The study was conducted with the design and manufacture of Automatic Fan Control System.
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
With the advancement in technology, intelligent systems are introduced every day. Everything is getting more
sophisticated and intelligible. There is an increase in the demand of cutting edge technology and smart electronic
systems. Microcontrollers play a very important role in the development of the smart systems as brain is given to
the system. Microcontrollers have become the heart of the new technologies that are being introduced daily. A
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microcontroller is mainly a single chip microprocessor suited for control and automation of machines and
processes. Today, microcontrollers are used in many disciplines of life for carrying out automated tasks in a more
accurate manner. Almost every modern day device including air conditioners, power tools, toys, office machines
employ microcontrollers for their operation. Microcontroller essentially consists of Central Processing Unit
(CPU), timers and counters, interrupts, memory, input/output ports, analog to digital converters (ADC) on a single
chip. With this single chip integrated circuit design of the microcontroller the size of control board is reduced and
power consumption is low. This project presents the design and simulation of the fan speed control system using
PWM technique based on the room temperature. A temperature sensor has been used to measure the temperature
of the room and the speed of the fan is varied according to the room temperature using PWM technique. The duty
cycle is varied from 0 to 100 to control the fan speed depending upon the room temperature, which is displayed
on Liquid Crystal Display. With the advancement in technology, intelligent systems are introduced every day.
Everything is getting more sophisticated and intelligible. There is an increase in the demand of cutting edge
technology and smart electronic systems.
CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Infrequently electric fan utilization is squandering force as a result of human demeanor. Human additionally
generally requests something that effortlessly to be utilized without squandering vitality. To minimize or diminish
the force use this venture added to a programmed framework where pace is controlled by the room temperature
The microcontroller has programmed fan framework displayed in this venture is obliged to satisfy the necessity
of advances tomorrow will be more receptional than today The electric fan naturally witches the pace per the earth
temperature changes This electric fan framework contains mix of sensor, controller, driver and engine with
incorporation of installed controlled programming.
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CHAPTER – 3
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem happens when the ac fan is still functioning although in the event of cold weather. The function is
uncontrolled and must be manually turned on and off or reduced the speed of the fan. Sometimes it can lead to
high usage of electricity which in turn raises the electricity bill when the user forgot to switch it off. To address
the problem, the automatic temperature control dc fan that can control the temperature automatically is proposed.
The advantages of such a system are less energy usage, and provides more convenient to the consumer.
CHAPTER-4
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of Making this project is for reducing the power consumption. It can also be used to assist
people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan. It may also be used for monitoring changes in
environment. To develop a low cost, user friendly automated temperature control fan regulator which reduces
power consumption near future, it can also be used in different industries and electronic devices
CHAPTER-5
BLOCK DIAGRAM
FIGURE 5.1:BLOCK DIAGRAM
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CHAPTER-6
List of Components used
1. Arduino UNO
2. Temperature sensor
3. DC Fan
4. LCD display
5. LED
6. Dot board
7. Connecting Wires
SOFTWARE DETAILS:
1.Arduino IDE
COMPONENTS
1.Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 . It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started
. Figure 6.1:Arduino uno
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Microcontroller : ATmega328
Operating Voltage : 5V
Input Voltage (recommended) : (7-12)V
Input Voltage (limits) :(6-20)V
Digital I/O Pins ( output) : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM )
Analog Input Pins :6
DC Current per I/O Pin :40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin :50 mA
Flash Memory :32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by Bootloader
SRAM :2 KB
EEPROM :1 KB
Clock Speed :16 MHz
General pin specification
•LED: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pinisHIGHvalue,the LED is on, when the
pin is LOW, it's off.
•VIN: The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when it's using anexternal power source (as opposed
to 5 volts from the USB connection orotherregulated power source). You can supply voltage through this pin,
or,supplyingvoltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.
•5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. Theboard can be supplied with power
either from the DC power jack (7 - 20V), theUSB connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-20V).
Supplying voltage viathe 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage the board.
•3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator.Maximumcurrentdraw is 50 mA.
•GND: Ground pins.
•IOREF: This pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the voltage referencewith which the
microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can readthe IOREF pin voltage and select the
appropriate power source or enablevoltage translators on the outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V.
•Reset: Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board.
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LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Figure 6.2:LM35 Temperature sensor
We are using LM 35 as temperature sensor. LM 35 is a precision temperature sensor whose output is linearly
proportional to Celsius Temperature. The LM35 is rated to operate from -55° Centigrade to 150° Centigrade
with a linear scale factor of +10mv/°C
Features:
• Calibrated directly in degree Celsius (centigrade)
• Linear +10.0 mV/ degree Celsius
• 0.5 degree Celsius accuracy (at +25degree Celsius)
• Rated for full -55 to +150 degree Celsius range
• Suitable for remote applications
• Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
• Operates from 4 to 30 volts
• Less than 60 Micro ampere current drains
• Low self-heating, 0.08 degree Celsius in still air
• Nonlinearity only +/- 1/4 degree Celsius typical
• Low impedance output, 0.1 Ohm for 1mA load
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LCD DISPLAY
The LCD is a dot matrix liquid crystal display that displays alphanumeric characters and symbols. 16X2 LCD
digital display has been used in the system to show the room temperature. Liquid Crystal Display screen is an
electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module
and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments
and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no
limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.
A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character
is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command
register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do
a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The
data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be
displayed on the LCD.
Figure 6.3:LCD display
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DC fan
The direct current, or dc fans are powered with a potential of fixed value such as the voltage of a battery. Typical
voltage values for DC fans are, 5V, 12V, 24V and 48V. ... In general, this changing voltage has sinusoidal shape.
FIGURE 6.4: DC FAN
Power supply:
A power supply circuit is an electrical circuit used to supply the electrical energy to different electrical loads. The
main function of this is to change one form of electrical energy to another load. Sometimes these are stated to as
electric power converters. There are different types of power supplies are available. Some supplies are stand alone
or discrete, whereas some suppliers are assembled into larger devices along with various loads. Here the proposed
system uses 5V DC power.
FIGURE 6.5: POWER SUPPLY
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CHAPTER-7
SOFTWARE DISCRIPTION
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);
int tempPin = A0; // the output pin of LM35
int fan = 10; // the pin where fan is
int led = 13; // led pin
int temp;
int tempMin = 25; // the temperature to start the fan 0%
int tempMax = 35; // the maximum temperature when fan is at 100%
int fanSpeed;
int fanLCD;
void setup() {
pinMode(fan, OUTPUT);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
pinMode(tempPin, INPUT);
lcd.begin(16,2);
Serial.begin(9600);
void loop()
temp = readTemp(); // get the temperature
Serial.print( temp );
if(temp < tempMin) // if temp is lower than minimum temp
fanSpeed = 0; // fan is not spinning
analogWrite(fan, fanSpeed);
fanLCD=0;
digitalWrite(fan, LOW);
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if((temp >= tempMin) && (temp <= tempMax)) // if temperature is higher than minimum temp
fanSpeed = temp;//map(temp, tempMin, tempMax,0, 100); // the actual speed of fan//map(temp, tempMin,
tempMax, 32, 255);
fanSpeed=2*fanSpeed;
fanLCD = map(temp, tempMin, tempMax, 0, 100); // speed of fan to display on LCD100
analogWrite(fan, fanSpeed); // spin the fan at the fanSpeed speed
if(temp > tempMax) // if temp is higher than tempMax
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn on led
else // else turn of led
digitalWrite(led, LOW);
lcd.print("TEMP: ");
lcd.print(temp); // display the temperature
lcd.print("C ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1); // move cursor to next line
lcd.print("FANS: ");
lcd.print(fanLCD); // display the fan speed
lcd.print("%");
delay(200);
lcd.clear();
int readTemp() { // get the temperature and convert it to celsius
temp = analogRead(tempPin);
return temp * 0.033;
}
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Working
FIGURE 7.1: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Temperature sensor LM35 senses the temperature and converts it into an electrical (analog) signal, which is
applied to the ATmega328 microcontroller of the Arduino UNO Board. The analog value is converted into
a digital value. Thus the sensed values of the temperature and speed of the fan are displayed on the LCD.
When the temperature exceeds 30°C the fan starts rotating. It is efficient because the pass transistor is used
as a switch.
CHAPTER-8
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The input is taken from a temperature sensor
The output pins are connected to LEDs.
The control pins of the LM35 is connected to the arduino.
The time taken by the Arduino to convert analog data into digital form is dependent on the
frequency of clock source
different value for temperature representation are selected, which in turn provided to display port
Display port includes LCD display devices.
Temperature and fan speed is showing.
When the temperature of surrounding increases, temperature of thermistor as increases which
causes its resistance to decrease, therefore voltage divider circuit causes more voltage.
Thus the output voltage increases causing speed of fan to increase.
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RESULT:
The electric fan operates automatically according to temperature rises in order to compensate the
rise in the temperature fan running full speed when the temperature returns back to the normal
temperature fun running normal speed
CHAPTER-9
CONCLUSION
Arduino based temperature control fan is implemented. Thus, here fan speed has been controlled and Arduino
board according to the temperature sensed by the help of Temperature sensor (LM35). The idea of the project
is to change the fan temperature automatically. The system is working properly. The speed of fan depends on
the temperature and there is no need for regulating the fan speed manually again.
CHAPTER-10
Future scope
This project can be used in both the home and Industry. It helps in saving the energy and electricity.
To watch the environments that is not comfortable, or possible, for humans to monitor, especially
for extended periods of time.
Prevents waste of energy when it’s not hot enough for a fan to be needed.
To assist people who are disabled to adjust the fan speed automatically.
In future case we can monitor more parameters like humidity, light and at the same time control
them and also can send this data to a remote location using mobile or internet.
Using this technology we can able to draw graphs of variations in these parameters using computer.
And the temperature exceeds the limit; a call will be dialed to the respective given number by an
automatic Dialer system.
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CHAPTER – 11
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