HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

College of Social Sciences and Humanities

School of Geography and Environmental Studies
Geographic Information Science Program

2nd MOCK Examination

For the course:

Geodatabase, spatial analysis and modelling, fundamental of GIS, GIS and RS for Agriculture and Watershed
management, Advanced GIS, Positioning System, Surveying and Land Registration, Geodesy, Remote
Sensing Digital Image Processing, Open Source GIS & Interactive Web Mapping, Aerial Photography and
Photogrammetry, GIS and Remote Sensing for Urban Planning, Ground Surveying

May 14, 2023

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 I. Choose the best answer from the given alternatives
1. Which of the following are NOT component of geodatabase?
a. Feature classes:
b. Raster datasets
c. Tables
d. UAV and LiDAR
Answer: D

2. One of the following is NOT the basic block of the geodatabase.

a. Windows and UNIX
b. Table
c. Spatial indexes
d. Spatial reference
Answer: A

3. Which of the following is NOT considered in the design tips of geodatabase?

a. Build on your existing GIS designs
b.Datasets
c. Use generic geodatabase types whenever feasible
d.Integrate related feature classes using topology
Answer: B

4. An enterprise geodatabase is stored in one of a number of supported database management

systems EXCEPT?
a. IBM Db2 and IBM Informix
b. Microsoft SQL Server
c. Oracle and PostgreSQL
d. Microsoft access
Answer: D

5. Which of the following are NOT the advantage of Geodatabase?

a. database storage,
b. integrity and security
c. better data maintenance options
d. Increase cost of data management and lost
Answer: D

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 6. From the following identify the ODD item
a. File geodatabases
b. Enterprise geodatabases
c. Business geodatabase
d. Personal geodatabases
Answer: C

7. A physical structure of the geodatabase, which defines the rules, relationships, and properties of
each dataset in the geodatabase, is known as--?
a. schema of the geodatabase
b. domain of the geodatabase
c. relationship class of the geodatabase
d. the attribute class of the geodatabase
Answer: A

8. What are the benefit of spatial analysis in your day-to-day activity?

a. it assist in solving complex location-oriented problems
b. it has limitation in finding patterns, assess trends, and make decisions
c. finding the relationship between object is hardly possible by spatial analysis
d. restricted application in the Detect and quantify patterns of geographic objects
Answer: A

9. Which of the following is NOT spatial analysis?

a. measuring distances and shapes,
b. setting routes and tracking transportations
c. establishing correlations between objects, events, and places via referring their locations
d. determining the individual age and race group
Answer: D

10. Which of the following are considered as spatial pattern analysis

a. the distribution of geographic objects in space
b. identifying, arrangement, configuration and relationships in geographic data
c. arrangement of individual entities in space and the geographic relationships among them.
d. All of the above are correct answer
Answer: D

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 11. which of the followings are NOT the rule of spatial query
a. Intersect
b. Contains
c. Are within
d. Addition
Answer: D

12. which of the following is WRONG about overlay analysis in GIS

a. it combine different spatial data layers to create single layer
b. both spatial and attribute data is combined during overlay
c. it requires the input data layers to use a common coordinate system
d. the data format of the input layers could not necessarily be the same
Answer: D

13. The overlay analysis tool in ArcGIS that creates a feature class from those features or portions of
features which are NOT common to any of the other inputs is known as
a. Symmetrical Difference
b. Identity
c. Intersect
d. Erase
Answer: A

14. Which of the following is NOT proximity analysis tool

a. Buffer and theissen polygon
b. Near and neighborhood analysis
c. Point Distance
d. Hotspot analysis
Answer: D

15. The following are true statements about Digital Elevation Model(DEM), EXCEPT
a. It is the digital representation of the land surface elevation with respect to any reference
datum
b. It is a representation of elevation including both natural and built/artificial features of the
environment
c. It is a gridded representations of the surface of the Earth where each pixel in the grid contains
an elevation value
d. It is a representation of the bare ground (bare earth) topographic surface of the Earth
excluding trees and buildings features
Answer: B

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 16. A Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) is used for decisions making purpose with a
geographical element, most often in site selection processes where multiple factors need to be
considered EXCEPT
a. Site location and identify environmentally sensitive areas
b. Chemotropic and radiology analysis
c. Distance to areas of pollution and solid waste site assessment
d. Proximity to transport and road infrastructure
Answer: B

16. Which of the following item is ODD?

a. Line
b. Points
c. Pixels
d. Polygons
Answer: C

17. One of the following is NOT an input factors considered in estimating average soil loss using
universal soil loss equation
a. Rainfall and runoff factor
b. Length-slope factor
c. Cover and management factor
d. Total study area factor
Answer: D

18. Which one of the following is NOT a physical feature of a watershed?

a. Watershed size
b. Settlement and population
c. Watershed slope
d. Drainage density
Answer: B

19. One of the following is NOT used as input data for crop health monitoring using remote sensing
data

a. Crop ownership
b. Crop phenology data
c. Crop spectral signature curve
d. Chlorophyll data
Answer: A

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 20. Assume you are monitoring the agricultural area of 1000 ha using NDVI data derived from
remote sensing product such as landsat8, to cover the whole study area you need to acquire an image
of three continuously captured scene (image) for the same date. As GIS expert to bring the entire
three separately acquired image into a single image you are required to use different image
processing techniques. Based on the above given information identify the best image pre-processing
operation applied to bring the three image in to one.
a. Data format transformation
b. Multiple band composite
c. Image mosaicking
d. Masking
Answer: C

21. Which of the following statement IS TRUE about the application of geospatial technology for
planning and management of agricultural resources and watersheds management
a. helps to identify potential agricultural lands by analyzing factors such as soil quality,
topography, and climate
b. assist in the monitoring and management of watersheds through identifying areas at risk for
erosion, nutrient loss, and pollution
c. helps in developing models for predicting future agricultural and watershed conditions
d. geospatial technology have limited application and functionality in agriculture and watershed
management
Answer: D

22. The following are the parameters derived from remote sensing image and are commonly
used for monitoring vegetation dynamics such as crop an forest EXCEPT
a. Vegetation Indices (VI)
b. Bare soil index (BSI)
c. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
d. Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)
Answer: B

23. Which of the following space borne satellite are used for monitoring agriculture and watershed
resources
a. LiDAR
b. MODIS
c. DRONE
d. Arial photograph
Answer: B

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 24. Which of the following is WRONG statement about considering the temporal resolution of
satellite imagery in agriculture and watershed monitoring
a. it has the ability to monitor crop growth and health over time
b. it helps for farmers to identify areas of their fields suffering from pest ,disease outbreaks and
nutrient deficiencies
c. it assist for farmers and investors to monitor the level of energy acquired by the satellites
d. helps in monitoring weather the land use is changing rapidly, such as regions experiencing
urbanization or forest degradation
Answer: C

25. From the following alternative which accuracy assessment methods generates a set of accuracy
assessment points where each class has the same number of points.
a. Random
b. Stratified random
c. Equalized stratified random
d. Simple random
Answer: C

26. ----------- is an agro-ecology zone characterized by altitude higher than 3,200 meters above sea
level and mean annual temperature of less than 10oC?
a. Wurch zone
b. Kolla zone
c. Dega zone
d. Weyena dega zone
Answer: A
27. Which of the following remote sensing based indices derived from multispectral data are NOT
necessarily useful for monitoring drought condition and assessment of vegetation health?
a. Temperature crop index (TCI)
b. Built-up Cover Index(BCI)
c. Vegetation condition index (VCI)
d. Leaf area index (LAI)
Answer: B
28. Which of the following terminology best explain the term GIS
a. Geological Information Sciences
b. Geographic Information Sciences
c. Geography and Environmental System
d. Geomatics Information System
Answer: B

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 29. The following are the geographic questions answered by GIS EXCEPT.
a. What land use change observed between 2010-2020?
b. What is the age and owner of this tree
c. The trend in agroforestry in the southern part of Ethiopia
d. Where is the GIS lab is located in HU
Answer: B

30. Which of the following is NOT the main functional subsystem of GIS
a. Data input
b. GIS expert
c. Storage and retrieval
d. Data manipulation and analysis subsystem
Answer: B

31. The following are the category of the GIS hardware EXCEPT.
a. Data Input devices
b. Scanner
c. Digitizer
d. Data
Answer: D

32. Which of the following is INCORRECT statement about the advantage of GIS
a. Cost savings and better decision making
b. Improved communication ,data interoperability and sharing
c. Increase the cost of data management and loss
d. Increase data management efficiency and location based intelligence services
Answer: C

33. From the following, identify the WRONG statement about topology rules in GIS
a. Every arc must be bounded by two nodes namely it begins and end node
b. Every arc border two polygons namely its left ‘and right ‘polygons
c. Every polygon has a open boundary consisting of an alternating sequence of nodes and arcs
d. Around every node, there exists an alternating sequence of arcs and polygons.
Answer: C

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 34. Which of the following is CORRECT statement?
a. In GIS area representation is used to represent features described by a open string of spatial
coordinates
b. In GIS vector data model a forest stands and soil classification areas are best represented by
line features
c. In GIS lines are used to represent linear features and is a segment made of two or more
coordinates
d. In GIS vector data model location of town and a weather station are best represented by
polygon(area) features
Answer: C

35. Which of the following is TRUE statement?

a. Rasterization is the process involving the conversion of satellite image to polygon features
b. Vectorization is the process involving the conversion of data stored in cells/pixels into
polygons
c. Discrete data area most suitable to store and represent raster data types such as polygon and
line features
d. Continuous dataset or surface can be represented by a points features with floating-point
values
Answer: B

36. Assume you are collecting data from Eastern and Central part of Ethiopia; from the
following identify the datum type NOT used for collecting the intended data for your project.
a. Adindan
b. WGS-84
c. NAD 84
d. UTM Zoe 37 N
Answer: C

37. Which of the following is NOT a vector operation

a. Buffering
b. Map algebra
c. Dissolve
d. Clipping
Answer: B

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 38. Which one of the following scale category gives large scale map
a. A scale between 5,000-50,000
b. A scale between 50,0000 -1:250,000
c. A scale between 150,000-1:250,000
d. A scale 1000,000
Answer: A

39. The following are important steps in developing a Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) model EXCEPT
a. Allocation of weights
b. Selection of criteria
c. Standardization of criterion scores
d. Calculation of the distance based on interval
Answer :D

40. The following are spatial analysis tool that can be used for proximity analysis EXCEPT
a. Single ring buffer
b. Euclidean distance
c. Erase
d. Theisen polygon
Answer: C

41. Which one of the following is NOT spatial analysis tool in GIS?
a. Append
b. Buffer
c. Merge
d. Resolution
Answer: D

42. Which of the following question related to the given alternatives is NOT addressed by spatial
analysis?
a. Location of water well in a given study area
b. Inferences about the observed pattern ( clustered or dispersed, dense)
c. Could soil type or slope have any contribution to the observedpattern
d. B and C
Answer: A

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 43. Which of the following method of symbolizing features apply a different symbol to each
category of features within the layer based on one or more fields?
a. Dot density symbols
b. Proportional symbols
c. Graduated symbols
d. Unique values
Answer: D

44. Which of the following Raster function compute a raster output dataset where the output value
at each location (cell) is a function of the value associated with that location on one or more raster
datasets?
a. Local functions
b. Global functions
c. Zonal functions
d. Focal functions
Answer: A

45. Which of the following statement is correctly describing Euclidian distance surface?
a. It represents a changes in user-defined quantized steps
b. it represents a continuous change in distance
c. Each cell is coded with the closest feature's value from the input layer
d. Determine the cost of moving from a destination cell to the nearest source cell over a surface
that is weighted
Answer: B

46. Which of the following is concerned with how to combine the information from several criteria
to form a single index of evaluation?
a. Multi-criteria evaluation
b. Decision Rule
c. Factors
d. Criterion
Answer: A

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 47. Which of the following statement is not correct about parcel fabric?
a. parcel fabric stores a continuous surface of connected parcels
b. Parcel lines have endpoints, which are common between adjacent parcels
c. Organizes the spatial relationships between features in a set of feature classes
d. Line points constrain the parcel point to lie on its adjacent parcel line
Answer: C

48. Which of the following topology basics for data editors define the allowable spatial
relationships between features?
a. Rules
b. Cluster tolerance
c. Ranks
d. Dirty area
Answer: A

49. Which of the following levels of environment settings are the default and will be
applied to any tool when it isexecuted?
a. Tool-level settings
b. Application-level settings
c. Model-level settings
d. Model process-level settings
Answer: B

50. Which of the following tools provide an approach to extracting features from imagery based on
objects?
a. Segmentation and classification tools
b. Data management tools
c. Data conversion Tools
d. Geodatabase tools
Answer: A

51. Which of the following interactive tools on the 3D Analyst toolbar in ArcMap can be used on a
TIN, terrain dataset, or raster surface?
a. Create Contours
b. Interpolate Point
c. Create Surface
d. a & b
Answer: D

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 52. Of the following ArcHydro tool is used to modifies the elevation value to eliminate problems of
trapping water is in cell and protect downstream flow?
a. Fill Sinks
b. Flow Direction
c. Flow Accumulation
d. Stream Segmentation
Answer: A

53. In which of the following world the three-dimensional models are NOT used extensively?
a. Computer graphics
b. Engineering
c. Architecture
d. Land use land cover change
Answer: D

54. Which of the following interface was offered by ArcGIS Desktop to manage your data?
a. ArcCatalog
b. ArcMap
c. ArcScene
d. ArcGlobe
Answer: A

55. Which of the following is not correct to establish geocode address using ArcGIS pro?
a. For Input Address Locator, use the ArcGIS World Geocoding Service.
b. For Input Feature, select the .Shp file.
c. For Input Address Fields, select Multiple Field and the appropriate address fields from your CSV file.
d. For Input Table, select the CSV file.
Answer: B

56. Which of the following tool is used to calculate the number of upslope cells flowing to a
location?
a. Flow Accumulation tool
b. Flow direction tool
c. Watershed tool
d. Stream order tool
Answer: A

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 57. Which of the following is a globally available system for positioning and navigation, time and
frequency measurements?
a. GPS
b. GLONASS
c. Galileo
d. GNSS
Answer: D

58. Which of the following is CORRECT about signal power of a GPS L1 when it reaches the earth’s
surface?
a. 160 dBw
b. 120 db
c. 180 dBw
d. 100 dBw
Answer: A

59. Which of the following components of GNSS consists of the GPS satellites which send radio
signals from space?
a. Control segment
b. User segment
c. Space segment
d. Ground monitoring
Answer: C

60. How the interference on GNSS receivers was happen?

a. Due to the distance between the satellite and the receiver is very far
b. Due to transmits fake signals similar to the GNSS signal to disrupt the receiver
c. Due to the impacts of various intentional and unintentional interferences
d. Due to signal received by the receiver is very weak
Answer: B

61. According to classification method of radio satellite service of International Telecommunication

Union (ITU), one of the following is NOT operate by satellite positioning engineering.
a. RDSS
b. MSS
c. Fixed satellite service
d. RNSS
Answer: D

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 62. Which of the following GPS spreading code was restricted and has been reserved for US military
applications?
a. The C/A code
b. The P code’s
c. L1 frequency
d. E5A frequency
Answer: B

63. Which of the following categories of GPS receivers is use the ranging code to determine the
time delay for a satellite signal to reach the receiver?
a. Code phase receivers
b. Carrier phase receivers
c. Geodetic receivers
d. Navigation receivers
Answer: A

64. Which of the following statement is NOT explaining why it is enormously wasteful to only
design one service for satellite positioning reporting engineering?
a. Because it is an extremely costly aspect of engineering
b. Because it contain an extremely valuable position of geosynchronous orbit
c. Because it can realize the integration of multiple application system in the system-level and
integration of user terminals most easily
d. Because it contain an extremely valuable satellite application frequency bands of L, S, C, or Ku
Answer: C

65. What is the importance of Global and Regional Augmentation System Positioning Accuracy?
a. It improves the positioning accuracy to meets the requirement of continuity, integrity and
availability
b. It has a short transitional process
c. It is the augmentation of integrity and precision through ground pseudo-satellite technology
d. It is used to meet the CAT-2 user’s demand
Answer: A

66. Which of the following system is NOT regional augmentation system includes in RNSS?
a. EGNOS
b. MSAS
c. WAAS
d. LAAS
Answer: D

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 67. Which of the following criteria is used to assess the performance of GNSS is defined by the
difference between a receiver’s measured and real position, speed or time?
a. Accuracy
b. Integrity
c. Continuity
d. Availability
Answer: A

68. Which of the following is not true for regional constellations of Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
(QZSS)?
a. Operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
b. Maintains Asia-Oceana regional coverage between Japan and Australia
c. QZSS only has four satellites currently in orbit
d. Operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) out of India
Answer: D

69. Of the following is used to locate the relative height or depth of data.
a. Vertical coordinate systems
b. Horizontal coordinate systems
c. Geographic coordinate systems (Lat. & Long.)
d. Horizontal Datums
Answer: A

70. Of the following is the characteristic of Differential GPS System?

a. Provides extended coverage both inland and offshore
b. Its base stations are independent from each other and autonomous
c. It does not require additional receiving equipment
d. Its references are part of a network of tracking stations that all report to a master station
Answer: B

71. Which of the following is spatial structure of objects shown on cadastral map?
a. Parcel boundaries
b. Data sets
c. Data processing
d. Ownership
Answer: A

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 72. Which of the following is a component of land management?
a. Land tenure
b. Land acquisition
c. Land Use
d. Land Value
Answer: B

73. Which land record support to trace back the right to original conveyance?
a. Titles
b. Indexes
c. Chains of title
d. Deeds
Answer: C

74. Which of the following Land tenure category refers to each member has a right to use
independently?
a. Private
b. Communal
c. Open access
d. State
Answer: B

75. Which of the following is right represent a legal agreement by which a bank, building society,
etc. lends money is often included in the registration systems?
a. Ownership
b. Easements
c. Mortgage
d. Long term leasehold
Answer: C

76. Why land is considered as physical reality?

a. It is the basis for economic production and development and the creation of wealth.
b. It provides in which we all live, work and play, and from which we obtain our material needs
c. It provide security of tenure and govern
d. It is immovable and indestructible
Answer: B

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 77. In which of the following basic components of cadaster; private conveyance, registration of
deeds and title to land were done?
a. Land Registration
b. Property Taxation
c. Cadastral Surveying and Mapping
d. Parcel index map
Answer: A

78. Which of the following land administration function related to securing access to land and
inventing commodities in land?
a. Land value
b. Land tenure
c. Land use
d. Land development
Answer: B

79. Which of the following is cadastral Surveying Procedure?

a. Cadastral surveying
b. Survey recording
c. Land valuation
d. Survey planning
Answer: D

80. Which of the following systems supported by the cadastral infrastructure related to valuation,
taxation and fiscal means?
a. Land tenure system
b. Land value system
c. Land-use control system
d. Land development system
Answer: B

81. According to public land survey system (PLSS), what is the smallest formally described area and
measures one square mile in size?
a. Township
b. Quarter-sections
c. Section of land
d. Quarter-quarter-sections
Answer: C

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 82. Which of the following rural land registration steps consists of baseline and pilot studies,
mobilization and sensitization activities?
a. Adjudication
b. Recording Textual Data and Demarcation
c. Grievance management
d. Preliminary phase of land registration
Answer: D

83. Which of the following types of land holding refers to rural land in the holding of peasant or
pastoralists or semi pastoralists or other bodies who are entitled by law to use the land?
a. State holding right
b. Joint holding right
c. Private holding right
d. Communal holding right
Answer: C

84. A major topic of geodesy is

a. The shape and size of the earth
b. The gravity field of the earth
c. Point positioning
d. All of the above
Answer: D

85. Three surfaces of the earth are:

a. The topography, the geoid and the ellipsoid
b. The ground, the geoid, and the ellipsoid
c. The sphere, the geoid, and the ellipsoid
d. The ground, the sphere, and the ellipsoid
Answer: A

86. Which of the following surface is a level surface, which coincides with mean sea level?
a. Ellipsoid
b. Geoid
c. MSL
d. Undulation
Answer: B

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 87. The science of _____________ is necessary to explain and evaluate the influence of gravity and
to determine corrections to apply to our measurements.
a. Geodesy
b. Geology
c. Gravitmeasure
d. All of the above
Answer: A

88. Which of the following is NOT the input parameter the process transformation are the
achievable accuracy of transformation will be determined by coordinates of points from both
coordinate systems?
a. Scaling
b. Translation
c. Rotation
d. The transformation technique adopted
Answer: D

89. Which one of the following of height systems or datum used among the systems Follows the
flow of water but is not consistent with surveying?
a. Orthometric height
b. Normal height
c. Dynamic height
d. B and C
Answer: C

90. Which of the following is not horizontal Control network for survey can be provided by
a. Triangulation.
b. Trilateration.
c. Traversing.
d. Leveling
Answer: D
91. In a braced quadrilateral, the position of unknown corner points can be determined by:
a. A single route only
b. Two alternative routes only
c. Three alternative routes only
d. Four alternative routes only
Answer: D

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 92. Based on the extent and purpose of the survey, and consequently on the degree of accuracy
desired, triangulation surveys which of the following use for detailed engineering and location
surveys?
a. Third-order triangulation
b. Second-order triangulation
c. First-order triangulation
d. A and C
Answer: A

93. Which of the following is incorrect about digital image processing?

a. It facilitate visual image interpretation
b. It includes image enhancement
c. PCA is an example of digital image processing
d. The analyst extracts information manually
Answer: D

94. One of the following is not an example of digital image enhancement

a. Contrast enhancement
b. Filtering of random noise
c. Density slicing
d. Edge enhancement
Answer: B

95. All of the following are correct about image enhancement except?
a. It aims to increase the overall visual quality of an image
b. It can be conducted either non-spatially, based on histogram information, or spatially within an
operating window.
c. Image enhancement does not create any new information in the output image
d. It is about correcting the data for sensor irregularities or atmospheric noise
Answer: D

96. Which of the following is incorrect about aerial photographs

a. Use chemical reactions on the surface of light-sensitive films
b. Record over the wavelength range from 0.3 to 0.9 m
c. Aerial photographs can also be taken from space shuttles
d. Filters are used to reduce the effect of atmospheric scattering
Answer: B

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 97. Which of the following is incorrect about unsupervised classification
a. It doesn’t utilize training data as basis for classification
b. It uses natural grouping or clusters present in the image values
c. It is preferable in areas of complex terrain
d. It is subjective when compared to the supervised approach
Answer: D

98. Which of the following is incorrect about photographs and images

a. A photograph refers to images that have been detected on photographic film.
b. Photographs are recorded over the visible and reflected infrared wavebands
c. All images are photographs but not all photographs are images
d. Aerial photographs are examples of analog images, whereas satellite images typically belong to
digital images
Answer: C

99. One of the following is not systematic geometric distortion of image

a. Scan skew
b. Cross-track distortion
c. Variations in scanner mirror velocity
d. Variations in attitude
Answer: D

100. Which of the following is incorrect about Radar remote sensing

a. Covers the range from approximately 1cm to 1m in wavelength.
b. encompasses both active and passive forms of remote sensing
c. Hindered by the presence of cloud cover, haze and dust
d. Have longer wavelengths compared to the visible and infrared
Answer: C

101. One of the following doesn’t belong to radiometric image enchantment?

a. Resolution Merge
b. Contrast Stretching
c. Histogram Equalization
d. Brightness inversion
Answer: A

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 102. Which of the following digital image processing activities is not spectral image enhancement
a. Principal component analysis
b. Tasseled cap transformation
c. Indices
d. Spatial filtering
Answer: D

103. An image enhancement process that converts the histogram of one image to resemble the
histogram of another.
a. Histogram Matching
b. Histogram slice
c. Histogram equalization
d. Brightness inversion
Answer: A

104. Which of the following is wrong about LiDAR remote sensing?

a. It is helpful for the evaluation of benthic seabeds
b. Can be used to map structure including vegetation height and density
c. Operates in the optical spectrum ranging from approximately 0.25 to 11 µm
d. It uses similar wavelength bands with Radar remote sensing
Answer: D

105. Which of the following is wrong about hyperspectral image?

a. It is similar to multispectral remote sensing
b. Imaging spectrometers provide images with an extra dimension to conventional imaging
c. Cover wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (~0.35 μm) to thermal infrared (~12 μm)
d. Hyperspectral sensors and their processing systems are used for applications in astronomy
Answer: A

106. All of the followings are the advantages of Google Earth Engine except______.
a. Large Catalog of dataset
b. Free for research, education and non-profit use
c. Large set of capable functions
d. Web based interface
Answer: C

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 107. The ability of a sensor to perceive differences in brightness value levels is?
a. Radiometric resolution
b. Temporal resolution
c. Spectral resolution
d. Spatial resolution
Answer: A

108. Which of the following Freedom is the freedom to run the program, for any purpose?
a. Freedom (4)
b. Freedom (3)
c. Freedom (0)
d. Freedom (1)
Answer: C

109. All of the following statements are true about the participatory GIS except________
a. It has many advantages in filling the gaps of GIS environment to solve environmental problems.
b. It is the integration of local knowledge and stakeholders’ perspectives in the GIS application.
c. It can be applied without integrating GIS software.
d. It facilitates data collection via the participation of community members through a Volunteer
Geographical Information
Answer: C

110. Which of the following is different from the other?

a. ILWIS
b. QGIS
c. Mapwindow
d. Mapserver
Answer: D

111. Which of the following plugin is used to use list of services and search for finding datasets and
basemaps in QGIS platform?
a. QuickMapServices (QMS)
b. QuickOSM (QOSM)
c. QuickDEM4JP
d. MapTiler
Answer: A

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 112. All of the following are true about Web Server exept______.
a. Handles the requests from Web Browser (user) and Return the web page.
b. Is a daemon on a server machine listening to the Internet traffic and serving HTML pages and
other information.
c. It is also called HTTP Server
d. Acts as a translator or connector between the application server and the map server
Answer: D

113. Choose the TRUE statement about Open source Software.

a. Its growth has received substantial attention in last few years.
b. All open source software is not required to be “licensed”.
c. With open source software the user can access the source code and redistribute it.
d. A and C
Answer: D

114. All of the following are TRUE about the criteria of open source software except------.
a. Open Source software can provide a feature-complete alternative to proprietary software in most
system designs.
b. Open Source software can not provide a feature-complete alternative to proprietary software in
most system designs.
c. The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software.
d. The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as
compiled form
Answer: B

115. ---------- is distinguished by open source software of which the full copyright, patents and
trademarks are controlled by a single entity.
a. Commercial open source software
b. Community open source software
c. Commercial software
d. Commercial off-the-shelf software
Answer: A
116. All of the following are the Server side technologies except--------.
a. Web server
b. Web browser
c. Web application server
d. Spatial database
Answer: B

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 117. All of the following can be the weaknesses of Open Source GIS software (OSS) except----------.
a. Scalability
b. Too many projects
c. Usability
d. Mostly Linux based software
Answer: A

118. Which of the following open source software were used before the invention and application
of civil internet and World Wide Web (WWW) globally?
a. QGIS, GRASS and PROJ4
b. MOSS, PROJ4 and PostGIS
c. MOSS,GRASS and PROJ4
d. MOSS, GRASS and UMN MapServer
Answer: C

119. The roots of open source GIS can be traced back to the U.S. Department of the Interior in ----
a. 1978
b. 1960
c. 2000
d. 1900
Answer: A

120. All of the followings are the applications of Google Earth Engine except-------.
a. Accessing big data
b. Predicting disease outbreaks
c. Natural resource management
d. None of the above
Answer: D

121. -------- is a data viewer platform which allows users to access the massive datasets available in
the Google Earth Engine (GEE) Data Catalog.
a. Earth Engine Explorer (EEE)
b. Earth Engine Code Editor (EECE)
c. Earth Engine Time-lapse (EETL)
d. All
Answer: A

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 122. Which of the following chronological order of Phase of photogrammetry is correct?
a. Analogue photogrammetry > plane table photogrammetry > digital photogrammetry
b. Digital photogrammetry > plane table photogrammetry > analog photogrammetry
c. Plane table photogrammetry > Digital photogrammetry > analogue photogrammetry
d. Plane table photogrammetry > analogue photogrammetry > digital photogrammetry
Answer: D

123. All of the following statements are true about the photogrammetric application in GIS
except________
a. Only photogrammetry play extremely important roles in the development and implementation of
geographic information systems.
b. Generating GIS database information by photogrammetry is almost always faster and more cost-
effective than doing so by any other means
c. The photogrammetric procedures involved in developing topographic maps, digital elevation
models, digital orthophotos, are inputs for GIS.
d. Information for specific GIS databases can be compiled directly from stereo models created from
aerial photographs by photogrammetric restitution instruments.
Answer: A

124. Which of the following can be used to view stereo pair?

a. Stereoscopic Camera
b. Telescope
c. Stereoscope
d. Aerial Camera
Answer: C

125. Which one of the following is NOT the use of filter in an aerial camera?
a. It controls the length of time that light is permitted to pass through the lens
b. It reduces the effect of atmospheric haze
c. It helps provide uniform light distribution over the entire format
d. It protects the lens from damage and dust.
Answer: A

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 126. Which one of the following does not include in the lens cone assembly of an aerial camera?
a. Filter
b. Diaphragm
c. Shutter
d. None of the Above
Answer: D

127. The fundamental principle used by photogrammetry is_____________

a. Triangulation
b. Resection
c. Interference
d. Intersection
Answer: A

128. Variation in scale of photograph is due to variation in_________.

a. Zenith
b. Elevation
c. Azimuth
d. None of the Above
Answer: B

129. Which one is True?

a. The scale of a vertical photo is directly proportional to flying height above ground
b. The scale of a vertical photo is inversely proportional to camera focal length.
c. The quality of photo directly proportional to Focal Length
d. Focal length and coverage has direct relation
Answer: C

130. Which photogrammetry method has topographical mapping as a common application?

a. Interpretive Photogrammetry
b. Metric Photogrammetry
c. Aerial Photogrammetry
d. Space Photogrammetry
Answer: B

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 131. Which of the following is the similarity between photogrammetry and remote sensing?
a. Producing maps and precise three-dimensional positions of points
b. Analysing and interpreting images for deriving information about the earth’s land and water areas
c. Providing GIS with essential information
d. All
Answer: C

132. Which of the following is the advantage of vertical photographs over oblique? Vertical
photographs___.
a. Provide detail ground visibility
b. Give a more natural view of ground features
c. Cover more ground area
d. Give approximate uniform scale over the photograph
Answer: D

133. Which of the following is not true about vertical aerial photograph?
a. It covers a relatively large area
b. The ground area covered by a single photograph approximates the shape of a square or rectangle.
c. Lens axis is perpendicular to the surface
d. All
Answer: A

134. One of the following is the disadvantages of photographs compared to maps. Which one?
a. Obtaining relief information requires stereoscopic overlapping photographs and a stereoscope.
b. Position, location and scale are only approximate.
c. Some features are obscured.
d. All
Answer: D

135. One of the following is NOT true in a truly vertical photograph where nadir (N) coincides with
principal point (PP) of the photograph.
a. The topographic displacement varies inversely with the height of the object.
b. All objects of the same height and equidistance from the nadir in any direction will be displaced
the same amount.
c. At nadir, there is no displacement.
d. Relief displacement varies inversely with the height of the photography
Answer: A

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 136. Which one of the following is NOT the advantage aerial photographs over maps?
a. It provides a current pictorial view.
b. It is more readily obtained.
c. It shows things that are often omitted from maps
d. It requires skill and training to use effectively
Answer: D

137. Which of the following is true NOT about Urbanization?

a. It is spatial pattern and process of urban area
b. It is aspatial (non-spatial) and social process
c. it refers to the complex change of life styles which follow from the impact of cities on society
d. it involves changes in the socioeconomic and political structures of an urban.
Answer: A

138. Urban growth should be analysed both as a pattern and as a process refers to _____and
_________respectively.
a. The analyses of spatial configuration of a metropolitan area in a specific time and its change in the
spatial structure over time.
b. The study of the change in the spatial structure of a metropolitan area over time and its spatial
configuration in a specific time.
c. The study of spatial configuration of a metropolitan area in a specific time and over time
d. The study of change in the spatial structure of a metropolitan area over time and specific time
Answer: A

139. All of the following statement is NOT true about urban remote sensing except________
a. It contributes to the creation of considerably more detailed urban maps
b. It offers planners a much deeper understanding of the dynamics of urban growth and urban
sprawl
c. It is not a new topic for the remote sensing community and geographers compared to other
applications
d. Its applications has shown a quantum increase
Answer: C

140. Which of the following tool can be used in identification of buildings within crime point buffer
zone?
a. Buffer zone analysis
b. Erase analysis
c. Intersect analysis
d. Identify analysis
Answer: C
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 141. One can create a service area analysis layer from the _____________
a. Network Analyst toolbar
b. Network Analyst Extension
c. Arc Toolbox
d. A and C
Answer: D

142. Which of the following toolbar is important to analyse the best set of facilities to service the
most demand?
a. Network analyst
b. Spatial Analyst
c. 3D Analyst
d. Tracking Analyst
Answer: A

143. Which one of the following is true?

a. Urban landscape may be viewed as a system.
b. ‘Urban Land-cover’ refers to classification of land according to how it is being used.
c. ‘Urban land-use’ refers to the physical condition of the ground surface.
d. ‘Urban Land-cover’ refers to activities on land.
Answer: A

144. Which of the following urban infrastructure is different from the other?
a. Water supply and distribution
b. Waste collection, management and disposal
c. Roads and highways
d. Living space and housing
Answer: C

145. Choose the true statement?

a. Remote sensing data are able to address only time considerations at a range of temporal scales.
b. Remote sensing data are able to address both time and space considerations at a range of
spatiotemporal scales.
c. Remote sensing data are able to address only space considerations at a range of spatial Scales
d. A and C
Answer: B

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 146. Which one of the following is NOT the applications of GIS in urban transportation planning and
management?
a. Site plans
b. Environmental impacts
c. Web-based user information systems
d. None of the Above
Answer: D

147. method the data points used to interpolate the surface values for each cell are identified and
weighted using a Delauney triangulation, as in a TIN.
a. IDW Interpolation
b. Spline and Trend Interpolation
c. Natural Neighbor interpolation
d. Kriging Interpolation
Answer: C

148. Which of the following is true about OVERLAY analysis?

a. Feature or Raster overlay is possible
b. Only Raster overlay is possible
c. Only vector overlay is possible
d. None
Answer: A

149. Which of the following crime theory tend to explain why crime events occur at the lowest level
of analysis-specific places, usually these places are points may be a street corner, or maybe other
very small places.
a. Place theories
b. Street Theory
c. Neighborhood theories
d. Repeat Victimization theories
Answer: A

150. Choose the FALSE statement about urban infrastructure.

a. It is subsystem of urban structure.
b. It supports production, and development of the city.
c. It includes the basic set of technical facilities and its management institutions.
d. None of the above
Answer: D

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 151. Repairing roads, expanding infrastructure, cleaning up pollution, and adding to parks and
other public spaces using the GIS and remote sensing application is referred to as ______________.
a. Urban Revitalization
b. Economic Development
c. Environmental Planning
d. Infrastructure Planning
Answer: A

152. Which of the following is true about the use of GIS in URBAN PLANNING?
a. It is used for the storage of land use maps and plans.
b. It is used for the storage of socioeconomic data.
c. It is used for the storage and analysis of environmental data.
d. All
Answer: D

153. All of the following are TRUE about the application of GIS in urban planning except______.
a. greater efficiency in retrieval of information
b. faster and more extensive access to the types of geographical information important to planning
and the ability to explore a wider range of ‘what if’ scenarios
c. better communication to the public and staff
d. None off the above
Answer: D

154. In question 45 the area of bareland is-------------?

a. 40.5 ha
b. 0.405 km2
c. 400 ha
d. A and B
Answer: D

155. From question 45, the percentage coverage of forest is ----------------.

a. 30
b. 28.03
c. 27.03
d. 40
Answer: C

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 156. From qyestion 45, bareland covers------percent of the study area.
a. 2
b. 3.3
c. 3.5
d. 4.5
Answer: C

157. which following a branch of surveying instrument in which an instrument is used to determine
distance and angle, is known as
a. EDM.
b. Optical Theodolite
c. Tacheometry.
d. Telemetry.
Answer: A

158. which of The following is branch of surveys which are generally used for topographic of vast
areas.
a. Leveling surveys
b. photogrammetric surveys
c. EDM survey
d. Topographic Survey
Answer: B

159. One of the characteristics of random errors is that

a. Small errors occur as frequently as the large errors
b. Plus errors occur more frequently than the negative errors.
c. Small errors occur more frequently than the large errors.
d. Large errors may occur more frequently.
Answer: C

160. Ranging rod in distance measurements is

a. Another name of taping.
b. A process of establishing intermediate points on a line
c. Putting the ranging rod on the hill top for reciprocal ranging.
d. A process of determining the intersection of two straight lines.
Answer: B

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 161. The surface of constant elevation that is perpendicular to a plumb line
a. Horizontal surface.
b. Vertical surface.
c. Level surface.
d. None of the above
Answer: C

162. Term, which indicates the degree of conformity of a measurement to its true value.
a. Most probable value.
b. Accuracy
c. Precision.
d. Error
Answer: B

163. Balancing of sights mean

a. Making fore sight reading equal to back sight reading.
b. Making the line of collimation horizontal.
c. Making the distance of fore sight station equal to that of the back sight station from the
instrument station.
d. Taking fore sight and back sight readings at the same station.
Answer: C

164. Which one of the following is incorrect about azimuth?

a. Vary from 0 to 360°
b. sometimes called Whole Circle bearing
c. Require only a numerical value
d. Always measured clockwise direction
Answer: D

165. Which one of the latest method of surveying for providing control points using artificial Earth
satellites?
a. Traversing
b. Levelling
c. Gnss
d. Triangulation
Answer: C

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 166. Which one of the following is incorrect about bearing?
a. Vary from 0 to 90°
b. sometimes called Quadrantal bearing
c. Require only a numerical value
d. measured clockwise or anticlockwise direction
Answer: C

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