DESIGN THINKING
UNIT-1
INNOVATION & CREATIVITY
What is an invention ?
Invention refers to the initial creation of a product or the introduction of a process, marking its
first occurrence. It is the conception of an idea that holds the potential for innovation.
Innovation definition
The term “innovation” originates from the Latin verb “innovāre”, which means introducing new
things, ideas, or ways of doing something. Unlike improvement or transformation, innovation
involves doing something entirely different from what is already being done, rather than just
doing it better.
Meaning & Definition of Innovation:
Innovation refers to the ability of a person to develop something new based on
his acquired knowledge.
*something new: means it should be totally different from all the other existing
things.
*Innovation, for its part, can refer to something new or to a change made to an
existing product, idea, or field. One might say that the first telephone was an
invention, the first cellular telephone either an invention or an innovation, and
the first smartphone an innovation.
One of the key functions of innovation is Problem solving.
Plays a crucial role in almost every phase of life.
Usually relates to various areas like- business, technology or engineering.
Important function in the process of entrepreneurship.
Innovation Management is a part of Top management of the company.
Innovation is a process through which entrepreneurs recognize business
opportunities from external environment and convert them into products or
services in order to make profit.
According to Stephen P. Robbins, “ Innovation is a new idea applied to initiating
or improving a product, process or services.”
According to Peter Drucker, “Innovation is the means by which the entrepreneur
either creates new wealth producing resources or endows existing resources with
enhanced potential for creating growth.”
QUESTION: WRITE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INVENTION & INNOVATION.
Essential Ingredients of Innovation:
New means a different and unique product which has never been
Something New created before.
'Newness' is the beginning of something.
Innovation is not only creating something new, but also introducing a
Better than better version of a thing that already exists.It should increase the
perceived value of a new product from that of an existing one.
What exist Example: New and improved office policiesmust have something
better than previous one.
Along with new and improved features, a product must also be
Economically economically feasible.
Example: If an entrepreneur is launching a new and improved soft
Feasible drink, he should make sure that the product is making more sales and
earning profits.
An Innovation should have a basic appeal in the target market. An appeal can
Widespread
only be formed when the product has all the three elements which are
discussed above i.e., newness, better than what exists and economically
viable.
Appeal Example: A new soft drink can appeal the better customers if it is better than
others, like it can be refreshing and have different flavours. But if it is not able
to appeal anyone then it cannot be called as an innovation.
Sources of Innovation:
UNEXPECTED SUCCESS, FAILURE OR OUTSIDE EVENT
UNEXPECTED SUCCESS: An entrepreneur is advised to consider unexpected success as a symptom and generate an
innovative business opportunity by continuously analysing the open market.
UNEXPECTED FAILURE: Entrepreneurs needs to understand that this unexpected failure can occur due to changes held in the
value and application of the product, if there are no errors found in the product design and marketing strategy.
UNEXPECTED OUTSIDE EVENTS: It is an opportunity which may occur due to a market change. In this act, there is a need to
replace the existing products and distribution channels with new products and their applications. Thus, it is considered as a
symptom to create an innovative
INCONGRUITY IN REALITY
In reality, incongruity or inappropriateness occurs whena person feels absurd and recognises that something is odd and out of control.
Example: A dynamic gain or loss in weight can lead to issues related with the fitting of clothes.
Incongruity indicates change and reveals opportunities for improvement where a small innovation can do wonders..
CHANGES IN FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
IDENTIFY THINGS THAT DONOT HARMONISE
IDENTIFY LONG LEAD TIMES, COMBINED WITH OR SEPERATE FROM LARGE CAPITAL EQUIPMENT INVESTMENT
SEARCH THE MISMATCH BETWEEN CUSTOMERS AND THEIR BELIEFS ABOUT THEIR NEEDS AND WANTS.
CHANGES IN INDUSTRY AND MARKET STUCTURE
It will unexpectedly attract the attention of every customer and it create a big innovation opportunity for the
entrepreneurs.This change acts as a good source of innovation if analysed accurately.
Example: The main street businesses were drastically affected by the formation of Wal-Mart's stores in small
cities.
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
In recent times, family size is reducing, nuclear families and single parent families are the trending customer
segments.Other than this, changes in population size, employment, education level, family structure,age
structure, taste and preferences etc. can also create innovation opportunities.An innovative entrepreneur
analyses all these changes in the market demographic and introduces innovative product or services as per the
requirement of the customer.
CHANGES IN PERCEPTION, MOOD AND MEANING
Changes in perception , moods, assumptions,attitudes and beleifs of the population also act as a big
source of innovation.An innovative entrepreneur observes this change and forms a new product that
suits the current needs of the customers.
NEW KNOWLEDGE
With the advancement of knowledge, new products and markets can be created.
Innovation Process:
Gathering Information
Clarifying the Real Problem
Setting Innovation Goalposts.
Understanding the Problem
Difference between Innovation and Creativity:
Creativity Innovation
To come up with a "new" Doing "new" things or
idea. doing things "differently".
It is the process of It is the process of
generating the "idea" for transforming the "idea"
new, useful and practicable into a "concrete reality".
products and services. It searches out the
It identifies the useful advantages of innovative
features of product pr products and services, so
services. as to satisfy the customers.
QUESTION: DISCUSS INNOVATION IN DEVELOPING NATION.
QUESTION: DEFINE ROLE OF INNOVATION IN INDUSTRY AND
ORGANIZATION.
CREATIVITY
Meaning & Definition of Creativity:
Creativity is an ongoing process as it constantly needs to identify improved
ways to expand the business.
Creativity is added advantage to entrepreneurs in their capabilities to invent
something new, not only in the theory but also in concrete.
Creativity is social as well as mental process that encompasses finding out
improved ideas or views.
When you’re being creative, you can see the hidden patterns, make
connections between things that aren’t normally related, and come up with
new ideas.
According to Robert E. Franken, “Creativity is defined as the tendency
to generate or recognise ideas, alternatives or possibilities that may be
useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and
entertaining ourselves and others.”
According to Dr. Betty Edwards, “Creativity is the ability to find new
solutions to a problem or new modes of expression; thus it brings into
existence something new to individual and to the cultural.”
Components of Creativity:
CONCEPTUAL CONCEPTUAL COMPLEXITY
FLUENCY FLEXIBILITY
ORIGINALITY ORIENTATION
Capability to Capability to have Capacity to generate It is the aptitude to
different point of new, extra ordinary, challenge and
produce quiet a unique solutions to
views or frame of search for answers
lot of appropriate references and
queries or problems
and out-of-the-box to difficult and
ideas in a short diverse methods for uncertain solutions
interpretations of
duration. solving the problem. event. or issues.
Creative Process:
1. Preparation stage: As you begin the creative journey, the first stage
involves prep work and idea generation. This is when you gather materials
and conduct research that could spark an interesting idea. Brainstorm and
let your mind wander, or write in a journal to foster divergent thinking; this
will help you consider all possible approaches to building out your idea. In
this first part of the process, your brain is using its memory bank to draw on
knowledge and past experiences to generate original ideas.
2. Incubation stage: When you have finished actively thinking about your
idea, the second stage is where you let it go. Part of creative thinking is
taking a step away from your idea before you sit down to flesh it out. You
might work on another project or take a break from the creative process
altogether—regardless, you are not consciously trying to work on your idea.
Walking away from your idea might seem counterproductive, but it’s an
important stage of the process. During this time, your story or song or
problem is incubating in the back of your mind.
3. Illumination stage: Sometimes called the insight stage, illumination is
when the “aha” moment happens. The light bulb clicks on as spontaneous
new connections are formed and all of that material you’ve gathered comes
together to present the solution to your problem. In this third stage, the
answer to your creative quest strikes you. For example, you overcome
writer’s block by figuring out the ending to your story. It can take you by
surprise but after the incubation stage, an idea has emerged.
4. Evaluation stage: During this stage, you consider the validity of your
idea and weigh it against alternatives. This is also a time of reflection when
you look back at your initial concept or problem to see if your solution aligns
with your initial vision. Business professionals might do market research to
test the viability of the idea. During this phase, you might go back to the
drawing board or you might forge on, confident in what you’ve come up
with.
5. Verification stage: This is the final stage of the creative process. It’s
when the hard work happens. Your creative product might be a physical
object, an advertising campaign, a song, a novel, an architectural design—
any item or object that you set out to create, propelled by that initial idea
that popped into your head. Now, you finalize your design, bring your idea
to life, and share it with the world.
CREATIVE THINKING
Creative thinking is a skill which lets you consider things from a fresh
perspective and different angles. It's an inventive thought process
which results in surprising conclusions and new ways of doing things.
Creative thinking can be aided by brainstorming or lateral thinking to
generate ideas.
The ability of finding the solutions of problems by changing one’s
perspective is defined as Creative thinking.
Characteristics of Creative Thinking:
RECEPTIVITY Creative thinking is receptive in nature. A creative people
accept new experiences and open for new ideas .
CURIOSITY Creative thinking involves curiosity. For Example: A good
designer is always curious for his/her every new project.
WIDE RANGE OF The creative people may create or make a wide variety of connections with the help of wide
knowledge base. For Example: An artist may make more connections in comparison to a narrow
INTERESTS minded specialist.
A creative person pays attention to every information or minor
ATTENTIVENESS details because he /she realise that every information or
experience is important for them.
COMPLEXITY In order to be effective, a creative people should combine
the rational approach with the intutive.
CONVICTION A creative people value the existing knowledge or
experiences.
A creative people seeing the similarity between those parts
CONNECTION SEEKING which are different.
