12-04-2023

Classification : Based on Mobility

Construction Equipment Cranes

Management
Mobile
Tower Cranes
Cranes
CMT 522
Session 9 - Cranes
Telescopic Lattice Boom
Crawler Rough Bottom
boom truck Truck All Terrain Top Slewing
mounted Terrain Slewing
mounted Mounted

Aritra Halder
| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor | School of Construction

Classification : Based on Structure Derrick Cranes

• Derrick Crane
• Mobile Crane
• Hydraulic Crane
• Overhead Crane (Gantry Crane)
• Traveller Cranes
• Tower Cranes
• Derricks have two major components.
(1) Guyed Masts
(2) Boom hinged at the base
• The boom angle can be adjusted by the guy ropes.
• The boom can move both horizontally and vertically.

| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor | Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

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Mobile Crane Hydraulic Crane

Truck Mounted Crane Truck Mounted Crane

Crawler Mounted Crane
(Telescopic Boom) (Lattice Boom)

• All operations are hydraulically operated which use an incompressible fluid to transfer
• Crawler mounted crane can operate in inaccessible terrain when bearing capacity of soil is adequate. stress from point to point.
• Telescopic boom truck mounted crane is used when work is for limited duration and requires quick • They use outriggers for maintaining balance of the crane during lifting operations.
movement from one location to another. • The hydraulic power is used to lift the load, the extension and retraction of boom and
• Lattice boom truck mounted crane is has lighter weight w.r.t telescopic boom, but requires additional outriggers.
effort to assemble. • Hydraulic cranes can carry massive loads, easy to operate, mobile and maneuverable.
| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor | Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

Overhead (Gantry Crane) • Two basic components : Traveller Crane

structural bridge support on
elevated tracks & hoist trolley or
lifting block.
• Widely used in casting yards,
steel plants, power houses, docks
and shipyards etc.
• Provides freedom from floor
obstruction; the gantry girder
moves in longitudinal axis, the
hoist moves in transverse axis,
the load hook moves in vertical
axis.
• Can carry massive loads without
risk of toppling. • The Girders are supported on legs instead of overhead gantry tracks, these legs move on
floor.
• No need of additional gantry erection, hence are popular in shipyards and casting yards for
container and segment lifting and movement.
| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor | Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

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Goliath Crane (video) Tower Crane CAT

head
Counter
Saddle Jib
Jib

Trolley
Operator’s
Ballast Cabin

Slewing Ring

• Restrictive Site Conditions

Mast • Great lift height and reach
• No need for mobility
• Imposed noise limits

Top Slewing Tower Crane

Opt for tower crane
Under Carriage Bottom Slewing Tower Crane

| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor | Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

Differences between top slewing and bottom slewing tower crane Fixed Base Tower Cranes • The crane is mounted on a fixed
concrete base with anchor bolts.
• At times static rail mounted
undercarriage is also used.
Top Slewing Tower Crane Bottom Slewing Tower Crane • Many of them can
independently increase their
heights by climbing mechanism.
• Transport, setting and dismantling • Self erecting and towable between job • The free standing height is
procedures are time consuming and sites. around 200 ft for small sizes and
costly. 400 ft for large sizes.
• Suitable for short term service and • To extend the height beyond
• Suitable for long term service and low rise buildings free standing limit, lateral
higher building heights. bracing is provided.
• The ballasts are placed entirely on the
• To counter wind load, special
• The ballasts are partly placed on the base. braking is used. During non
counter jib and partly at the base. • Both the tower and the jib assembly working hours ‘weathervane’
mechanism is used.
• The base is fixed, only the jibs, CAT rotate relative to the base chassis. • Weathervane allows the crane
head and the cabin is allowed to rotate to slew freely with the wind to
minimize the area exposed to
wind.

| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor | Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

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Climbing Tower Crane • This crane is used for high rises Climbing Tower Crane - Video
where maximum braced height
limit is exceeded.
• The completed floors act as bases
for the crane to climb upwards.
• The movement is through hydraulic
rams and latches.
• In most cases, building core (lift
shaft) is used as the base for the
crane.
• The design load for building should
consider the climbing crane load.
• The removal is done by external
cranes like Derrick or mobile cranes.
• The downside is the delay in
finishing of elevator fixing activity
which is usually on the critical path.
• The lift shaft getting engaged by
the tower crane also limits the
formwork choice for the core walls.

| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor | Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

Factors of selecting a tower crane

Other Types of cranes  Weight, dimension, lift radii of
Crane Safety
heaviest loads
• Factors of accident-
 Maximum free standing height of the
crane – Human Factor: Skill of the operator, experience and signaling errors, fatigue.
No CAT head or  Maximum braced height of the crane
pendant.  Crane climbing arrangement – Project Factor: Presence of power lines, congestion, crane overlapping, visibility interruptions, overloading.
Reduces the risk of  Weight of the crane supported by the
– Environmental Factor: Wind, Severe weather, maintenance, safety rules.
overlapping and clash. structure
Flexible in terms of Flat Top  Available headroom
height restriction.  Area that must be reached • Crane Safety Program-
 Hoist speed of the crane – Equipment Inspection
 Length of the cable the hoist drum – Hazard analysis
can carry – Crane Location
– Crane Movements
Jib pinned at base,  ** while calculating the load, 5% safety – Lift Definitions
angle of inclination margin should be applied.
– Responsibility matrix and line of control
controlled by cables. – Investigation procedures
Luffing Jib – Training and responsibility distribution among – (1) Rigging Personnel, (2) Crane Operator, (3) Lift Director.

| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor | Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

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Load analysis from table Load Analysis

| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor | Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

Tower Crane Erection Video

Thank You!
Contact Me
at
ahalder@nicmar.ac.in
+91-8504017164

| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor

| Aritra Halder | Assistant Professor